CN107178463B - 一种海浪能发电装置 - Google Patents

一种海浪能发电装置 Download PDF

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CN107178463B
CN107178463B CN201710616759.6A CN201710616759A CN107178463B CN 107178463 B CN107178463 B CN 107178463B CN 201710616759 A CN201710616759 A CN 201710616759A CN 107178463 B CN107178463 B CN 107178463B
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CN107178463A (zh
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张益�
张慧杰
张吉林
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/096181 priority patent/WO2019015619A1/zh
Priority to JP2020524669A priority patent/JP6892559B2/ja
Priority to BR112020000906-7A priority patent/BR112020000906A2/pt
Priority to EP18835674.5A priority patent/EP3657010B1/en
Priority to AU2018303540A priority patent/AU2018303540B2/en
Priority to US16/630,626 priority patent/US10883470B2/en
Priority to MX2020000727A priority patent/MX2020000727A/es
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/187—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/1875—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom is the piston or the cylinder in a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/262—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the relative movement between a tide-operated member and another member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种海浪能发电装置，属于能量转换技术领域。所述装置包括漂浮采能载体、若干个悬吊在漂浮采能载体周围的能量转换杠杆和能量传递杆；能量传递杆的一端连接在漂浮采能载体上，能量传递杆的另一端套装在能量转换杠杆的下端；能量传递杆将漂浮采能载体采集的海浪水平移动的能量传递到能量转换杠杆，并可随着海面的升降沿着能量转换杠杆上下移动；能量转换杠杆的上端连接第一做功机械，能量转换杠杆的下端落入海水中。本发明具有结构简单可靠、中间环节少、易安装、能量转换率高、功率大及成本低等优点。

Description

一种海浪能发电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及能量转换技术领域，特别涉及一种利用海上漂浮物采集海浪能量进行发电的海浪能发电装置。
背景技术
海洋占地球面积的70％以上。海水的上下波动、水平移动、晃动和旋转不仅具有巨大的能量，而且还有一定的规律，是取之不尽用之不竭的天然无碳清洁能源。海水密度是空气密度的850多倍，海浪发电的前景比风力发电大得多。利用海浪发电的设想近百年来提出了数百种，比较成熟的为潮汐发电。由于潮汐的涨落每天最多两次，可利用的时间、潮差均有限，且其地理环境要求高，设备损耗大，故至今难以商业化推广。
现有技术公开了一种利用海浪上下波动和水平运动的三维能量进行发电的技术方案。该技术方案通过由船舱样采能浮体及浮体活动范围限制装置组成的漂浮采能装置来采集海浪能量，再通过能量传递装置将海浪能量传递到能量转换装置。但是，该技术方案在实施过程中存在机械结构复杂、安装调试困难、设备投资大等问题，亟待需要一种结构简单、投资少、经济实用的海浪能发电装置。
发明内容
为了解决现有海浪能发电装置存在的结构复杂、投资大及安装困难等问题，本发明提供了一种采用经济实用的普通设备及采能设施将海水三维方向的能量用于发电的海浪能发电装置，包括漂浮采能载体、若干个悬吊在所述漂浮采能载体周围的能量转换杠杆和能量传递杆；所述能量传递杆的一端连接在所述漂浮采能载体上，所述能量传递杆的另一端套装在所述能量转换杠杆的下端；所述能量传递杆将所述漂浮采能载体采集的海浪水平移动的能量传递到所述能量转换杠杆，并可随着海面的升降沿着所述能量转换杠杆上下移动；所述能量转换杠杆的上端连接第一做功机械，所述能量转换杠杆的下端落入海水中；所述漂浮采能载体上设置有若干个大口朝下的用于采集海浪上下波动能量的喇叭状浪涌采能罩；所述浪涌采能罩的上端连接用于传递海浪能量的液压缸，所述液压缸内的活塞将海浪上下波动的能量通过活塞杆和杠杆传递到第二做功机械；所述漂浮采能载体的中间部分下垂凸起，所述漂浮采能载体的边缘部分薄。
所述漂浮采能载体周围设置有若干个固定支架；所述能量转换杠杆通过轴承铰接在所述固定支架上，并可围绕所述轴承转动。
所述漂浮采能载体的周边还设置有可上下移动的挡板。
所述漂浮采能载体将海洋潮汐位差的势能传递给第三做功机械。
所述第一做功机械、所述第二做功机械和所述第三做功机械分别包括蓄能机构或动能机械。
所述蓄能机构的蓄能方式为油压机蓄能，具体为多个油压蓄能器连接在一起组合成液压总站，所述液压总站通过液压流量阀控制液体流量驱动液压马达，所述液压马达驱动发电机发电。
所述第一做功机械、所述第二做功机械和所述第三做功机械分别驱动发电机发电，或者所述第一做功机械、所述第二做功机械和所述第三做功机械相互连接，实现联合驱动发电机发电。
所述漂浮采能载体为由比重低于海水的材料制成的漂浮物；所述漂浮采能载体上设置有居住设施、娱乐休闲设施、体育设施和能源设施中的一种或几种。
所述能量转换杠杆由弹性小的刚性耐腐蚀材料制成；所述能量传递杆由比重低于海水且弹性小韧性强耐腐蚀的杆状物制成；所述浪涌采能罩由耐腐蚀的硬质材料制成。
本发明提供的海浪能发电装置，可将海水上下前后左右及旋转等三维方向的机械能量采集利用，具有结构简单可靠、建筑材料环保、中间环节少、易安装、能量转换率高、功率大及成本低等优点。本发明提供的海浪能发电装置使用的能源为无污染能源，不仅可用于发电，而且还可作为制氢、压缩气体、淡化海水、食品及各种工农业品加工的能量。利用本发明提供的海浪能发电装置，可实现在海面上开发房地产项目，提供居住、观光、娱乐环境。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的海浪能发电装置的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例具有中间部分下垂凸起及边缘部分较薄的漂浮采能载体的海浪能发电装置的俯视立体图；
图3是本发明实施例漂浮采能载体上的浪涌采能罩的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例漂浮采能载体上的可上下移动的挡板结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的利用潮汐能发电装置的整体结构示意图；
图6是使用本发明实施例海浪能发电装置进行发电的工作原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明技术方案作进一步描述。
参见图1和图2，本发明实施例提供了一种利用海上漂浮物采集海浪上下波动和水平移动能量进行发电的海浪能发电装置，该装置包括漂浮采能载体1、若干个悬吊在漂浮采能载体1周围的能量转换杠杆2和能量传递杆3。其中，漂浮采能载体1上设置有若干个大口朝下的用于采集海浪上下波动能量的喇叭状浪涌采能罩101；能量传递杆3的一端连接在漂浮采能载体1上，能量传递杆3的另一端套装在能量转换杠杆2的下端；能量传递杆3将漂浮采能载体1采集的海浪水平移动的能量传递到能量转换杠杆2，并可随着海平面的升降沿着能量转换杠杆2上下移动；能量转换杠杆2的上端连接做功机械5，能量转换杠杆2的下端落入海水中；浪涌采能罩101的上端连接做功机械102。
参见图1和图2，漂浮采能载体1周围设置有若干个固定支架4；能量转换杠杆2通过轴承8铰接在固定支架4上，并可围绕轴承8转动。在实际应用中，固定支架4可由钢筋水泥混凝土及钢铁等建筑材料构成；固定支架4架设在漂浮采能载体1的周围，并且位于海平面之上；固定支架4的架设固定点可选用海中的礁石、岛屿、灯塔或海滩；能量转换杠杆2可由弹性小的刚性耐腐蚀材料制成，例如不锈钢管、合金材料等。在实际应用中，漂浮采能载体可随海洋涨潮落潮自然升降。漂浮采能载体为由比重低于海水的材料制成的漂浮物，比较经济实用的优选方案是用粉煤灰或建筑垃圾粉碎物与发泡水泥结合钢筋骨架构成的中部具有多个空腔的建筑材料集成块拼接组成，其中集成块外层可采用釉面结构或聚四氟乙烯保护层，以便防止海水侵蚀。另外，为了克服漂浮采能载体的吃水深度大于海浪波高而无法获得海浪上下波动能量的问题，可将漂浮采能载体制作成中间部分加厚凸起而边缘部分较薄的形状，使漂浮采能载体周边吃水深度小于海浪波高，以便设置多个浪涌采能罩，如图2所示；同时使漂浮采能载体中间部分下垂加厚以增加浮力，并在其上设置居住设施、娱乐休闲设施、体育设施和能源设施中的一种或几种，例如：发电站、房屋、餐馆、观光娱乐场所、游泳池等建筑物，以便开展海上旅游项目及房地产。
参见图1至图3，浪涌采能罩101的上端连接用于传递海浪能量的液压缸1011，液压缸1011内的活塞1012将海浪上下波动的能量通过活塞杆1013和带有扇形齿轮1015的杠杆1014传递到做功机械102。在实际应用中，浪涌采能罩101可由钢化玻璃制成，也可由耐腐蚀的金属、陶瓷或塑料等硬质材料制成；浪涌采能罩101镶嵌在轻体钢筋水泥集成块之间，组成一个整体。在实际应用中，做功机械5和做功机械102可分别包括蓄能机构或动能机械；蓄能机构的蓄能方式为油压机蓄能，具体为多个油压蓄能器连接在一起组合成液压总站，液压总站通过液压流量阀控制液体流量驱动液压马达，液压马达驱动发电机发电；动能机械包括齿轮、曲轴连杆或/和液压缸等。为了实现与扇形齿轮1015的配合，本实施例做功机械102为齿轮。做功机械5和做功机械102可以各自独立驱动发电机发电，或者将做功机械5通过液压管路与做功机械102连接，实现联合驱动发电机发电。
参见图1和图2，能量传递杆3由比重低于海水且弹性小韧性强耐腐蚀的杆状物制成，例如：利用不锈钢或合金材料制成的扁管状空心杆；若干个能量传递杆3设置在漂浮采能载体1周围，其一端连接在漂浮采能载体1的侧面，另一端为环状套在与之相对应的能量转换杠杆2的下端；能量传递杆3漂浮在海水中，并随着海平面的起伏自动升降；当海水平动的能量作用于漂浮采能载体1上时，漂浮采能载体1的移动会带动能量传递杆3移动，从而将海浪水平能量传递到能量转换杠杆2。需要说明的是：能量传递杆3与能量转换杠杆2的连接方式不仅可将漂浮采能载体1采集的能量传递到做功机械5，而且还可使漂浮采能载体1相对固定在局部区域，限制漂浮采能载体1的晃动幅度，避免大幅度漂移。
参见图4，为了达到海浪发电的相对稳定性和适应海水能量的变化，以及应对台风等自然灾害，本发明实施例漂浮采能载体1的周边还设置有可上下移动的挡板103，该挡板可由多层可控制上下移动的板材组成。挡板103的上下移动可采用类似升降门的电动装置或升降窗帘的机械装置。当海洋浪潮的能量较小时，可使挡板向下移动以增大海水与挡板的受力面积，从而增加漂浮采能载体1获得的能量；当海洋浪潮的能量较大时，可使挡板上移以减小海水与挡板的受力面积，从而降低漂浮采能载体1的负荷，增加挡板对海浪冲击力的耐受性；当海洋浪潮的能量超大时，可使挡板上移且超出漂浮采能载体1的最高平面，防止海水灌入漂浮采能载体1。
为了使海洋潮汐所形成的潮汐位差势能也得到利用，本发明实施例漂浮采能载体1还可通过杠杆6将海洋潮汐位差的势能传递给做功机械7进行利用，如图5所示。做功机械7也可包括蓄能机构或动能机械。做功机械7可以独立驱动发电机发电，或者做功机械7通过液压管路与做功机械5、做功机械102相互连接，实现联合驱动发电机发电。
参见图1至图6，使用本发明实施例海浪能发电装置进行发电的工作原理为：
1)漂浮采能载体1上的若干个浪涌采能罩101将海浪上下波动的能量通过液压缸1011内的活塞1012及活塞杆1013、杠杆1014传递给做功机械102(最终作用于液压缸)；做功机械102将进入缸内的液压油加压后送入由多个油压蓄能器组成的液压总站10。
2)漂浮采能载体1周围的若干根能量传递杆3将海浪水平移动的能量传递给能量转换杠杆2，能量转换杠杆2将获得的能量传递给做功机械5(最终作用于液压缸)，做功机械5将进入缸内的液压油加压后送入由多个油压蓄能器组成的液压总站10。
3)漂浮采能载体1将潮汐上下升降的势能传递给杠杆6，杠杆6将能量传递给做功机械7(最终作用于液压缸)，做功机械7将进入缸内的液压油加压后送入由多个油压蓄能器组成的液压总站10。
4)液压总站10通过液压流量阀11控制液体流量驱动液压马达12，液压马达12驱动发动机13发电。需要说明的是：当本发明实施例的海浪能发电装置主要用于海上房地产时，应尽量减少漂浮采能载体的厚度，以便减少漂浮采能载体的晃动。
本发明实施例提供的海浪能发电装置，可将海水上下前后左右及旋转等三维方向的机械能量采集利用，具有结构简单可靠、中间环节少、易安装、能量转换率高、功率大及成本低等优点。本发明实施例提供的海浪能发电装置使用的能源为无污染能源，不仅可用于发电，而且还可作为制氢、压缩气体、淡化海水、食品及各种工农业品加工的能量。本发明实施例漂浮采能载体的建筑材料可以使用建筑垃圾，这样可以解决城市建筑垃圾处理的环保难题。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

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1.一种海浪能发电装置，包括漂浮采能载体、若干个悬吊在所述漂浮采能载体周围的能量转换杠杆和能量传递杆，其特征在于，所述能量传递杆的一端连接在所述漂浮采能载体上，所述能量传递杆的另一端套装在所述能量转换杠杆的下端；所述能量传递杆将所述漂浮采能载体采集的海浪水平移动的能量传递到所述能量转换杠杆，并可随着海面的升降沿着所述能量转换杠杆上下移动；所述能量转换杠杆的上端连接第一做功机械，所述能量转换杠杆的下端落入海水中；所述漂浮采能载体上设置有若干个大口朝下的用于采集海浪上下波动能量的喇叭状浪涌采能罩；所述浪涌采能罩的上端连接用于传递海浪能量的液压缸，所述液压缸内的活塞将海浪上下波动的能量通过活塞杆和杠杆传递到第二做功机械；所述漂浮采能载体的中间部分下垂凸起，所述漂浮采能载体的边缘部分薄。
2.根据权利要求1所述的海浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述漂浮采能载体周围设置有若干个固定支架；所述能量转换杠杆通过轴承铰接在所述固定支架上，并可围绕所述轴承转动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的海浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述漂浮采能载体的周边还设置有可上下移动的挡板。
4.根据权利要求3所述的海浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述漂浮采能载体将海洋潮汐位差的势能传递给第三做功机械。
5.根据权利要求4所述的海浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述第一做功机械、所述第二做功机械和所述第三做功机械分别包括蓄能机构或动能机械。
6.根据权利要求5所述的海浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述蓄能机构的蓄能方式为油压机蓄能，具体为多个油压蓄能器连接在一起组合成液压总站，所述液压总站通过液压流量阀控制液体流量驱动液压马达，所述液压马达驱动发电机发电。
7.根据权利要求6所述的海浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述第一做功机械、所述第二做功机械和所述第三做功机械分别驱动发电机发电，或者所述第一做功机械、所述第二做功机械和所述第三做功机械相互连接，实现联合驱动发电机发电。
8.根据权利要求7所述的海浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述漂浮采能载体为由比重低于海水的材料制成的漂浮物；所述漂浮采能载体上设置有居住设施、娱乐休闲设施、体育设施和能源设施中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的海浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述能量转换杠杆由弹性小的刚性耐腐蚀材料制成；所述能量传递杆由比重低于海水且弹性小韧性强耐腐蚀的杆状物制成；所述浪涌采能罩由耐腐蚀的硬质材料制成。
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