CN203466807U - Aquaculture wireless sensor network node device - Google Patents
Aquaculture wireless sensor network node device Download PDFInfo
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- CN203466807U CN203466807U CN201320284982.2U CN201320284982U CN203466807U CN 203466807 U CN203466807 U CN 203466807U CN 201320284982 U CN201320284982 U CN 201320284982U CN 203466807 U CN203466807 U CN 203466807U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an aquaculture wireless sensor network node device and belongs to the technical field of water quality monitoring. The aquaculture wireless sensor network node device can be applied to many application occasions such as water quality parameter online detection in aquaculture such as Chinese mitten crab, fish, shrimp and shellfish aquaculture. According to the aquaculture wireless sensor network node device, dissolved oxygen content (mg/L) and water temperature (Celsius degree) parameter data in a aquaculture pond are acquired in a real-time and online manner; and after being further converted, processed and stored, the parameter data are transmitted to a wireless sensor network gateway or a wireless sensor network base station and a local terminal through a 433MHz band wireless sensor network communication mode.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of aquaculture wireless sensor network node device, belongs to water quality monitoring technical field.
Background technology
Dissolved oxygen (Dissolved Oxygen, DO) refers to the be dissolved in the water oxygen of molecular state of airborne oxygen, with a milligram number (mg/L) for oxygen in every premium on currency, represents, it is one of life condition that aquatile is the most indispensable.In normal air, oxygen content is high and stable, account for 21% left and right of whole air specific weight, terrestrial life seldom has the threat of anoxic, and content of oxygen dissolved in water is less and it is frequent to change, its dissolved oxygen content is not only relevant with the temperature of water with the atmospheric pressure of oxygen in air, and has close ties with water quality condition.In general, atmospheric pressure is larger, and content of oxygen dissolved in water is higher; Water temperature is lower, and dissolved oxygen content is also higher.Meanwhile, when breeding water body is subject to organic substance, the pollution of inorganic reduction thing, can make dissolved oxygen content reduce rapidly, when oxygen update rate be greater than oxygen in air to dissolve in water speed time, the content of dissolved oxygen may level off to 0, and now anaerobic bacteria breeding is active, and water quality condition worsens.Dissolved oxygen content size can reflect the pollution level that water body is subject to, and it is one of important indicator of water pollution, is also one of comprehensive evaluation index of weighing water quality.For culture fishery, content of oxygen dissolved in water has vital impact to the existence of aquatic products, when dissolved oxygen content is during lower than 3mg/L, will cause that aquatile suffocates even dead.Therefore, how to detect effectively, accurately and easily fast content of oxygen dissolved in water and water temperature and other key parameters, all significant for the development of regional environment monitoring and culture fishery.Yet, the research emphasis that in aquaculture at present, dissolved oxygen detects mainly concentrates on the foundation of distributed monitoring system, adopt wired, manually access or means of intervention more, not only expensive, and very inconvenience of maintenance, in the cultivation waters wide in distribution, environment is more severe, be difficult to spread and use.As can be seen here, design and develop dissolved oxygen and water temperature parameter detection method and means in a kind of novel aquaculture and become one of modern culture fishery key subjects urgently to be resolved hurrily.
In recent years, Chinese Government more and more focuses on the raising of development in agricultural science and technology level and the application of emerging agricultural equipment technology.In August, 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao proposes " perception China " theory when jiangsu wuxi is investigated, and call takes the lead in setting up " perception China " industrialization base at jiangsu wuxi, to lead and to promote the formation and development of national Internet of Things industry and related economic general layout thereof, with wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN) be the technology of Internet of things of core at present in China's all trades and professions, especially like a raging fire the growing up of basic field such as agricultural, communication industry, transportation.WSN is a kind of Full-Distributed System without Centroid, microsensor node by numerous cheapnesss forms, by the intensive monitored area that is deployed in, it can be by the various environmental parameter information in cooperation Real-Time Monitoring, perception and collection distributed areas, and through steps such as a series of follow-up signal processing, calculating, by the network communication protocol of communication and layering, form the network system of a kind of wireless multi-hop route self-organizing.Simultaneously, for effective hardware management resource and allocating task, and improve the development efficiency of application program, by adopting the embedded OS of low-power consumption, the formula of increasing income, to break through, sensor node hardware resource is few, the short restriction of power supply supply finite sum communication distance, each task of reasonable distribution, reduces internal system energy resource consumption, improves the operational efficiency of whole sensor network.These characteristics make the range of application of WSN very extensive, relate to the numerous areas such as national defense and military, environmental monitoring, medical monitoring, Smart Home, warehouse logistics management, traffic control and management, precision agriculture, consumer electronics and the disaster relief.As can be seen here, WSN is applied to aquaculture field and has advantageous advantage:
First, low-power consumption, microminiaturization, wireless sensor network node device cheaply, be deployed in cultivating pool everywhere, and growing environment key element that can the various aquatic products of Real-Time Monitoring, comprises dissolved oxygen content, water temperature, pH value, ammonia nitrogen amount and total phosphorus content etc.
Secondly, compare with traditional transducer acquisition means (as wired sensor net etc.), wireless sensor network node device has the advantages such as self-organizing, flexibility are strong, good reliability, can effectively solve the key issues such as Real-time Collection, processing, wireless transmission and wireless self-networking of culture environment of aquatic products monitoring field data in round-the-clock unattended operation ground.
Again, utilize sensor technology, computer technology and intelligent control technology, integrate the functions such as data acquisition, wireless transmission, Intelligent treatment and the issue of prediction early warning information, aid decision, realization scene and remote system data acquisition, controlling alarm and equipment are controlled, culture environment of aquatic products is carried out Real-Time Monitoring and processed accordingly, can greatly improve the scientific and technological content of aquaculture, improve the cultivation efficiency of aquatic products.Raiser can understand every ambient parameter data and machine operation in culture pond in real time by mobile phone or the Web page, informationization, the networking of aquaculture technology have really been realized, aquatic products are grown under optimum environment, reach object intelligent, energy-conservation and volume increase.
Finally, by WSN technology, realize intensive, digitlization and the networking of aquaculture mode, to improving the fishery of following China so that the intelligentize and informatization level of whole agricultural production has far-reaching significance.
Wireless sensor network and key technology thereof will become and promote one of major action that following high efficiency smart precision agriculture develops rapidly, are also that culture fishery promotes industry level, change breeding way and respond actively the effective means that labor cost rises.The technology of energetically applying IT in culture fishery, implements Cooperative Innovation Networks of Industry-University engineering, to obtain better social benefit, ecological benefits and economic benefit, this measure is significant.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is in order to solve the deficiency of existing apparatus, released a kind of aquaculture wireless sensor network node device, take wireless sensor network and technology of Internet of things as basis, and merged intelligent sensor technology, wireless communication technology and embedded computing technique, make it have feature with low cost, high in technological content, applicability is strong.
The technical scheme that the utility model is realized above-mentioned purpose is:
The utility model provides a kind of aquaculture wireless sensor network node device, comprise sensing mainboard and power management plate, sensing mainboard is connected with described power management plate, power management plate provides the energy by solar panel, and power management plate comprises successively connected lithium cell charging control unit, voltage isolated location and electric pressure converter unit.Sensing mainboard comprises microprocessor unit, wireless communication unit, dissolved oxygen signal condition unit, water temperature signal conditioning unit and scavenging pump control unit, and dissolved oxygen signal condition unit is connected with cooling-water temperature sensor with dissolved oxygen sensor respectively with water temperature signal conditioning unit.
Microprocessor unit adopts AVR series microprocessor chip, by A/D mouth on microprocessor chip, is connected with described dissolved oxygen signal condition unit, and the dissolved oxygen parameter voltage signal of its output is carried out to A/D conversion, calculating, parsing, verification and storage.Microprocessor unit adopts spi bus to be connected with described water temperature signal conditioning unit, by the Water temperature digital amount signal of its output convert, verification and storage.
Wireless communication unit is comprised of Data Transmission Controlling subelement and wireless receiving and dispatching interface subelement, adopt low-power consumption, hyperfrequency monolithic wireless receiving and dispatching communication chip as process chip, microprocessor unit is connected with the data-interface of wireless communication unit by spi bus, controls the data transmit-receive of wireless communication unit by software programming.
Scavenging pump control unit is connected with the common I/O mouth of microprocessor unit, optical coupling isolation circuit and field effect transistor control circuit, consists of, and the timing automatic that realizes scavenging pump by software programming starts and turn-offs, and cleans to dissolved oxygen sensor overlay film.
Aquaculture wireless sensor network node device in the utility model, lithium cell charging control unit is by lithium cell charging managing chip, transistor or MOSFET pipe, charged state indicator light and peripheral circuit form, described lithium cell charging managing chip is connected with solar panel by Schottky barrier rectifier, the direct voltage of solar panel output is charged to lithium battery group by the adjustable charging circuit of self adaptation, and lithium cell charging managing chip is realized the continuous monitoring to lithium battery group temperature, charging circuit is carried out to necessary protection and adjusting.
Lithium battery group output is connected with voltage isolated location, voltage isolated location is comprised of wide pressure isolation level pressure output (DC-DC) module, and be connected with cmos analog switch chip, from the voltage of cmos analog switch chip output, for dissolved oxygen signal condition unit and water temperature signal conditioning unit, work.Cmos analog switch chip is connected with the common I/O mouth of microprocessor unit, and by programming, controls the turn-on and turn-off of cmos analog switch chip, the electrical source consumption of dissolved oxygen signal condition unit and water temperature signal conditioning unit under minimizing non operating state.
Electric pressure converter unit is connected with the output of voltage isolated location, and press chip or voltage-stabiliser tube and respective peripheral circuit that voltage isolated location output end voltage is carried out to grade transformation by ascending, descending, for the operation of sensing mainboard and other equipment provides required supply power voltage.
Lithium battery group is connected with scavenging pump by field effect transistor or controllable silicon, and the operation operating voltage of scavenging pump is provided, and field effect transistor or silicon controlled break-make are carried out in addition automatic control and management by the microprocessor unit on sensing mainboard by scavenging pump control unit.
In aquaculture wireless sensor network node device of the present utility model, dissolved oxygen sensor is provided with platinum electrode and silver electrode, and platinum electrode is connected with dissolved oxygen signal condition unit with silver electrode; Dissolved oxygen signal condition unit is connected to form successively by polarizing voltage generator, signal preamplifier, programmable gain amplifier and active low-pass filter, the nA level low current signal from dissolved oxygen sensor output is transformed into standard voltage signal and is input to and microprocessor unit, carries out subsequent conversion, processing.Cooling-water temperature sensor consists of the thermistor of negative temperature coefficient, described cooling-water temperature sensor is connected with water temperature signal conditioning unit, described water temperature signal conditioning unit is comprised of thermistor-digital quantizer and external stability resistance, thermistor-digital quantizer is directly converted to digital output by the analog temperature resistance of cooling-water temperature sensor output, and is input to microprocessor unit and carries out the calculating of water temperature data and processing.
The operation method of aquaculture wireless sensor network node device of the present utility model, comprises the steps:
1, sensing mainboard powers on, and first completes initial work, comprises the initialization of microprocessor unit and wireless communication unit;
2, microprocessor unit is opened scavenging pump control unit timer, performs step 3; And the grouping of waiting system pretrigger, perform step 5;
If 3 timings arrive, microprocessor unit triggers field effect transistor or the silicon controlled gate pole conducting voltage in scavenging pump control unit, makes field effect transistor or controlled silicon conducting, postpones S1 and starts scavenging pump after the time, start the work timing device of scavenging pump, the operation S2 time simultaneously;
4, sensing mainboard is waited for the running time of scavenging pump, if to turn-offing field effect transistor or the silicon controlled gate pole conducting voltage in scavenging pump control unit by microprocessor unit, perform step 5 running time;
5, microprocessor unit is received the grouping of system pretrigger, forwards this packet, dormancy identification position 0, i.e. and not dormancy of node apparatus, broadcast grouping simultaneously, sets up dynamic routing, and waiting system starts grouping;
6, microprocessor unit receives that system starts grouping, forwards this packet, complete network time synchronization simultaneously, and stop sending routing packets, and dormancy identification position 1, data can dormancy after sending and finishing;
7, sensing mainboard starts grouping specified data collection period according to system: from system, start reading out data acquisition time parameter n grouping, cycle S=n+ (1)
-c* [(id+c) %N] * m, wherein id is node number, and c is data transmission times, and N is network node sum, and m is the side-play amount factor, log-on data gathers timer simultaneously;
8, sensing mainboard is waited for data acquisition setting-up time, if data acquisition time arrives, first start dissolved oxygen signal condition unit and water temperature signal conditioning unit operating voltage, postpone S1 and after the time, start general-purpose simulation signal Processing Interface, postpone the S3 time with response dissolved oxygen sensor and cooling-water temperature sensor simultaneously;
If 9 dissolved oxygen sensors and cooling-water temperature sensor response time arrive, first gather dissolved oxygen supplemental characteristic, and in microprocessor unit, carry out the processing of data weighting moving average filtering and data transaction; Postpone S2 and start thermistor-digital quantizer after the time, gather water temperature supplemental characteristic and carry out Data Format Transform, then postpone S4 turn-offs dissolved oxygen signal condition unit and water temperature signal conditioning unit operating voltage after the time;
10, after supplemental characteristic collection completes, sensing mainboard log-on data sends task, selects best route to send data, performs step 11;
If 11 sensing mainboard data transmissions are received, reply, data transmission times adds 1, upgrades route; If the transmission of sensing mainboard data is received, do not reply, and data re-transmitting is over k time, sends unsuccessfully, data transmission times adds 1, upgrades route;
If 12 sensing mainboard data transmission times are less than q, start dormancy and prepare timer, perform step 13 downwards; If sensing mainboard data transmission times surpasses q, waiting system pretrigger packet, forwards step 5 to;
13, sensing mainboard is waited for dormancy preparation setting-up time, if dormancy time is resting state to microprocessor unit is set, close the operating voltage of dissolved oxygen signal condition unit and water temperature signal conditioning unit, close wireless communication unit, make sensing mainboard in low power consumpting state, forward step 8 to.
The operation method of aquaculture wireless sensor network node device of the present utility model, dissolved oxygen sensor and cooling-water temperature sensor need to be demarcated and temperature-compensating accordingly, demarcate and adopt two-point method to draw calibration curve, temperature-compensating adopts software approach to realize, and detailed process comprises following several step:
1.1 initializing variable a, b, c initialize;
1.2 input operation order Operation, comprise Zero calibration, range designation and temperature survey.Zero calibration is to record the output current I of dissolved oxygen sensor in 5% sodium sulfite anaerobic water solution
0, be kept in variable a; Range designation is to record the electric current I of dissolved oxygen sensor in oxygen saturation water
1, be kept in variable b; Temperature survey refers to the temperature T that records oxygen saturation water by cooling-water temperature sensor
1, be kept in variable c, look into " the saturation solubility table of oxygen in different temperatures pure water " simultaneously and obtain T
1saturated dissolved oxygen content O at temperature
2';
The 1.3 output current I that obtained by Zero calibration
0, note (0, I at zero point
0), the output current I that range designation obtains
1, write range point (8.3, I all over
1), by two-point method, determine calibration curve, under different temperatures, demarcate slope of a curve different, the calibration curve at other temperature can be drawn by identical method, and demarcation completes, and performs step 1.4;
1.4 judge whether proving operation completes, if a, b, c are greater than zero, represent that each operation of demarcating completes, if has demarcated, forward step 1.2 to, proceed proving operation, until acquisition I
0, I
1, T
1value;
1.5 use dissolved oxygen sensors record the output current I in sample liquid
2, by cooling-water temperature sensor, record the temperature T of sample liquid simultaneously
2, and record;
1.6 using formula
Dissolved oxygen content in calculation sample liquid;
The corresponding calibration curve slope of 1.7 different temperatures is different, 1 ℃ of current value of exporting from dissolved oxygen sensor of the every rising of temperature can raise 4%, the current value recording at other temperature is transformed into 25 ℃ of current values at temperature, according to calibration curve definite at 25 ℃, measures the dissolved oxygen content at other temperature.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
1, device energy Real-time Collection, processing and storage dissolved oxygen and the water temperature parameter developed, and by 433MHz frequency range network communication of wireless sensor mode, its supplemental characteristic is transferred to wireless sensor network gateway or wireless sensor network base station and local terminal, the cost of its device is low, cost performance is high, real-time good, ambient adaptability is strong, low in energy consumption, the life-span long, safe and reliable, can meet aquaculture user large-scale promotion application completely.
2, based on modularization/modular design method, event driven execution model and active message communication mode etc., on sensing mainboard, move Wireless Sensor Networks Operating System TinyOS, adopt modularization programming language nesC exploitation aquaculture dissolved oxygen detection node application program, to realize the self-organization of dissolved oxygen detection node, program code is succinct, execution speed is fast, be convenient to revise, the restriction that wireless sensor network storage resources is few can be broken through, and programming efficiency and network information processing ability can be improved.
3, due to the particularity of culture environment of aquatic products, the impact such as often suffer wetness, acid-base value, be exposed to the sun, as easy as rolling off a logly causes the undesired of components and parts work so that lost efficacy, thereby reduces the reliability of system.Each components and parts that the utility model adopts adopt material with a high standard, favorable sealing property aspect waterproof and dampproof, can make like this utility model be suitable for most culture environment of aquatic products.
4, on the utility model installation mold designing and making, sensing node and power supply node realization are installed separately, adopt high density waterproof, damp-proof device to guarantee that circuit board avoids moist and corrode, and guarantee enough physical distances, and the radio transmitting and receiving chip on radio receiving transmitting module is adopted to metal-back encapsulation, so both reduced the interference of power panel to radio receiving transmitting module, also strengthen the antijamming capability of radio receiving transmitting module, thereby improved the performance of wireless receiving and dispatching.
5, due to the formed system hardware of method of the 2.4GHz frequency range on-line monitoring and control aquaculture of Zigbee protocol and the feature such as processing cost is high, wireless signal diffraction is poor, communication distance is short thereof, we adopt 433MHz band transmissions, strong interference immunity, signal diffraction (penetrability) is strong, and support various point-to-point, the wireless data communication mode of one point-to-multipoint and wireless sensor network, has transceiver, the feature such as reliable and stable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is microprocessor unit of the present utility model and wireless communication unit circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 3 is dissolved oxygen signal condition element circuit schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is water temperature signal conditioning unit circuit theory diagrams of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is the utility model scavenging pump control unit circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 6 is the utility model power management plate circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 7 is supplemental characteristic collection and radio communication workflow diagram in the utility model node apparatus operation method.
Fig. 8 is that the utility model dissolved oxygen and cooling-water temperature sensor are demarcated and software temperature-compensating flow chart.
Fig. 9 is the utility model dissolved oxygen and cooling-water temperature sensor two-point method calibration curve schematic diagram.
Embodiment
A kind of aquaculture wireless sensor network node device that the utility model provides, in sensing mainboard, microprocessor unit 1 is by microprocessor chip U1 and other respective peripheral the electric circuit constitutes, as shown in Figure 2.Microprocessor chip U1 selects AVR series microprocessor chip ATmega128, ATmega128A, ATmega128L, ATmega64, ATmega64A or ATmega64L, it is mainly used in calculating, parsing, verification and the storage of dissolved oxygen and water temperature supplemental characteristic, and completes the tasks such as the whole data calculating of aquaculture wireless sensor network node device, signal controlling, algorithm process and wireless data transceiving control.Jtag interface is standard DIP10 pin debugging interface, can be connected with PC by AVR simulator, for debugging, emulation and the burning of system program.Wireless communication unit 2 is comprised of Data Transmission Controlling subelement 2-1 and wireless receiving and dispatching interface subelement 2-2, J6 is Data Control and the coffret of wireless communication unit 2, and radio transmitting and receiving chip is selected wherein a kind of in low-power consumption, hyperfrequency monolithic wireless receiving and dispatching communication chip CC1000 and CC1020.
In sensing mainboard, the designed dissolved oxygen parameter collecting method of the utility model is by dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3, to convert the nA level low current signal of dissolved oxygen sensor output to standard voltage signal through following step process to be input to and in microprocessor unit 1, to carry out A/D conversion, calculating, parsing, verification and storage, dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3 is comprised of polarizing voltage generator 3-1, signal preamplifier 3-2, programmable gain amplifier 3-3 and active low-pass filter 3-4, and this signal treatment step is set forth in conjunction with Fig. 3:
1) the nA level current signal of dissolved oxygen sensor B1A Film electrode output, by polarizing voltage generator 3-1 and signal preamplifier 3-2, converts low current signal mV magnitude voltage signals to and carries out the amplification of first order signal.Q1 is NPN transistor, is used for producing polarizing voltage, and U5 is accurate dual operational amplifier, for current signal being changed into voltage signal and carrying out signal amplification.Relation in direct ratio between the nA level electric current of the mV step voltage of signal preamplifier 3-2 output and the output of dissolved oxygen sensor Film electrode.
2) voltage signal of signal preamplifier 3-2 output is connected with programmable gain amplifier 3-3 after precision resistance dividing potential drop, mV magnitude voltage signals or differential signal are accurately converted, U6 is programmable gain amplifier, and be connected with the common I/O mouth of microprocessor chip U1 by spi bus, jointly complete multichannel selection and variable gain and regulate.D1 is voltage stabilizing didoe, is used for protecting unexpected interference signal to surpass the chip damage that chip U6 pin limiting voltage causes.
3) voltage signal of programmable gain amplifier 3-3 output is by active low-pass filter 3-4 filtering high-frequency interferencing signal, is finally input to and in microprocessor unit 1, carries out A/D sampling.Active low-pass filter is comprised of operational amplifier U7 and outside RC element, forms RC filter circuit, and its input impedance is high, and output impedance is low.
In sensing mainboard, the designed water temperature data acquisition of the utility model is in conjunction with as follows described in Fig. 4:
Cooling-water temperature sensor is comprised of the thermistor PT-100 of negative temperature coefficient, and thermistor is used for measuring water temperature on the one hand, is used on the other hand compensating transistor Q1 base stage and transmitting voltage across poles V in dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3
bevoltage temperature coefficient, make its polarizing voltage not be subject to the impact of ambient temperature, obtain stable 0.7V Voltage-output.Water temperature data acquisition is directly converted to digital output by thermistor-digital quantizer U4 and external stability resistance by the temperature resistance at thermistor two ends, and is input to microprocessor unit 1 and carries out the calculating of water temperature data and processing.
In actual aquaculture site of deployment, particularity due to breeding environment, be subject to water turbidity and the impact of various tiny organisms adrift, dissolved oxygen sensor Film electrode is placed in pond for a long time, surface can cover various impurity, not only can produce certain damage to measuring probe, and will greatly have influence on the accuracy of parameter measurement.Therefore, scavenging pump control unit 5 is controlled scavenging pump (being comprised of Miniature water-pumping motor) by the time set of microprocessor chip U1 and is automatically cleaned to dissolved oxygen sensor overlay film surface, guarantee its certainty of measurement and increase the service life, circuit as shown in Figure 5.U2 adopts light-coupled isolation chip that microprocessor unit and scavenging pump and control unit thereof are kept apart on electric space, has avoided various electrical Interference.In scavenging pump control unit, Q5 selects power field effect pipe or controllable silicon, microprocessor chip starts scavenging pump dissolved oxygen sensor electrode is cleaned automatically by controlling the break-make of Q5, unlatching and the running time of scavenging pump are all realized by software programming by microprocessor chip, have reduced artificial intervention.D6 is voltage stabilizing didoe, for stoping the interference of scavenging pump back electromotive force to lithium battery group output voltage.
Power management plate circuit as shown in Figure 6, U8 adopts lithium cell charging managing chip, solar panel BT1 is connected with U8 by Schottky barrier diode D3, and U8 controls its turn-on and turn-off by field effect transistor Q3, to implement the charging process to lithium battery group.Integrated temperature sensor continuous detecting lithium battery interior temperature in U8, when temperature exceeds while setting scope, closes the charging to lithium battery group at once.Charged state identification is connected with LED light by U8.
Lithium battery group output is connected with voltage isolated location 7, and voltage isolated location 7 is comprised of U9, to eliminate lithium battery group output voltage and sensing main board power supply voltage due to common ground or to be total to the various electrical Interference that power line seals in.Voltage after the isolation of U9 output is divided into two-way: the U10 of leading up to powers arrive+3.3V of voltage drop to microprocessor unit 1 and wireless communication unit, another road is connected to microprocessor chip U1 the input pin of cmos analog switch Q4, from the voltage of cmos analog switch chip output, for dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3 and water temperature signal conditioning unit 4, work, microprocessor chip U1 controls the turn-on and turn-off of cmos analog switch chip by programming, electrical source consumption with dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3 and water temperature signal conditioning unit 4 under minimizing non operating state, for passing through solar power supply unit, have great significance.
A kind of aquaculture wireless sensor network node device and operation method, its node apparatus application program comprises signal procedure and scavenging pump control program between dissolved oxygen and water temperature data acquisition program, node apparatus, as shown in Figure 7, program operation comprises the following steps:
1.1 sensing mainboards power on, and first complete initial work, comprise the initialization of microprocessor unit 1 and wireless communication unit 2;
1.2 microprocessor units 1 are opened scavenging pump control unit 5 timers, perform step 1.3; And the grouping of waiting system pretrigger, perform step 1.5;
If 1.3 timings arrive, field effect transistor or silicon controlled gate pole conducting voltage that microprocessor unit 1 triggers in scavenging pump control unit 5, make field effect transistor or controlled silicon conducting, postpones S
1after time (10ms), start scavenging pump, start the work timing device of scavenging pump simultaneously, operation S
2(30s) time;
1.4 sensing mainboards are waited for the running time of scavenging pump, if to field effect transistor or the silicon controlled gate pole conducting voltage of turn-offing in scavenging pump control unit 5 by microprocessor unit 1, perform step 1.5 running time;
1.5 microprocessor units 1 are received the grouping of system pretrigger, forward this packet, dormancy identification position 0, i.e. and not dormancy of node apparatus, broadcast grouping simultaneously, sets up dynamic routing, and waiting system starts grouping;
1.6 microprocessor units 1 receive that system starts grouping, forward this packet, complete network time synchronization simultaneously, and stop sending routing packets, and dormancy identification position 1, data can dormancy after sending and finishing;
1.7 sensing mainboards start grouping specified data collection period according to system: from system, start reading out data acquisition time parameter n grouping, cycle S=n+ (1)
-c* [(id+c) %N] * m, wherein id is node number, and c is data transmission times, and N is network node sum, and m is the side-play amount factor (being about 5～10 milliseconds), log-on data gathers timer simultaneously;
1.8 sensing mainboards are waited for data acquisition setting-up time, if data acquisition time arrives, first start dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3 and water temperature signal conditioning unit 4 operating voltages, postpone S
1after time (10ms), start general-purpose simulation signal Processing Interface 3-2, postpone S simultaneously
3time, (2min) was to respond dissolved oxygen sensor;
If 1.9 dissolved oxygen sensor response times arrived, gather dissolved oxygen supplemental characteristic, and carry out the processing of data weighting moving average filtering and data transaction in microprocessor unit 1.Postpone S
2after time (30s), start thermistor-digital quantizer, gather water temperature supplemental characteristic and carry out Data Format Transform, then postpone S
4after time (10s), turn-off the operating voltage of dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3 and water temperature signal conditioning unit 4;
After 1.10 supplemental characteristic collections complete, sensing mainboard log-on data sends task, selects best route to send data, performs step 1.11;
If 1.11 sensing mainboard data transmissions are received, reply, data transmission times adds 1, upgrades route; If the transmission of sensing mainboard data is received, do not reply, and data re-transmitting surpasses k(3) inferior, send unsuccessfully, data transmission times adds 1, upgrades route;
If 1.12 sensing mainboard data transmission times are less than q (getting 48 times), start dormancy and prepare timer, perform step 1.13 downwards; If sensing mainboard data transmission times surpasses q (getting 48 times), waiting system pretrigger packet, forwards step 1.5 to;
1.13 sensing mainboards are waited for dormancy preparation setting-up time, if dormancy time is to microprocessor unit 1 being set for resting state, close the operating voltage of dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3 and water temperature signal conditioning unit 4, close wireless communication unit 2, make sensing mainboard in low power consumpting state, forward step 1.8 to.
Dissolved oxygen sensor and cooling-water temperature sensor need to be demarcated and temperature-compensating accordingly, demarcate and adopt two-point method to draw calibration curve, and temperature-compensating adopts software approach to realize, and as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, detailed process comprises following several step:
2.1 initializing variable a, b, c initialize;
2.2 input operation order Operation, comprise Zero calibration, range designation and temperature survey.Zero calibration is to record the output current I of dissolved oxygen sensor in anaerobic water (5% sodium sulfite solution)
0, be kept in variable a.Range designation is to record the electric current I of dissolved oxygen sensor in oxygen saturation water
1, be kept in variable b.Temperature survey refers to the temperature T that records oxygen saturation water by cooling-water temperature sensor
1, be kept in variable c, look into " the saturation solubility table of oxygen in different temperatures pure water " simultaneously and obtain T
1saturated dissolved oxygen content O at temperature
2;
The 2.3 output current I that obtained by Zero calibration
0, note (0, I at zero point
0), the output current I that range designation obtains
1, write range point (8.3, I all over
1), by two-point method, determine calibration curve, under different temperatures, demarcate slope of a curve different, the calibration curve at other temperature can be drawn by identical method, and demarcation completes, and performs step 2.4;
2.4 judge whether proving operation completes, if a, b, c are greater than zero, represent that each operation of demarcating completes, if has demarcated, forward step 2.2 to, proceed proving operation, until acquisition I
0, I
1, T
1value;
2.5 use dissolved oxygen sensors record the output current I in sample liquid
2, by cooling-water temperature sensor, record the temperature T of sample liquid simultaneously
2, and record;
2.6 using formula
Dissolved oxygen content in calculation sample liquid.Wherein, O
2' be the oxygen content of oxygen saturation water when temperature T 1; 4% is the temperature coefficient of dissolved oxygen Film electrode; T
1, T
2be respectively the temperature of oxygen saturation water and sample liquid; I
0, I
1, I
2be respectively aftercurrent, the electric current in oxygen saturation water and the electric current of sample liquid.
The corresponding calibration curve slope of 2.7 different temperatures is different, 1 ℃ of current value of exporting from dissolved oxygen sensor of the every rising of temperature can raise 4%, the current value recording at other temperature is transformed into (as 25 ℃) at a certain temperature, according to calibration curve definite at 25 ℃, measures the dissolved oxygen content at other temperature.
Embodiment mono-:
In above-mentioned microprocessor unit 1, microprocessor chip U1 selects low-power consumption, high performance 8 the CMOS processor A Tmega128L that atmel corp produces, as shown in Figure 2.ATmega128L has the risc architecture based on AVR, and data throughput is up to 1MIPS/MHz, thereby can extenuate the contradiction of system between power consumption and processing speed.The data wire of the jtag interface in microprocessor unit 1 is connected with " 54～57 " pin of ATmega128L microprocessor chip after pull-up resistor " R1-R4 ".LED1-LED3 is working station indicator and the wireless communication unit 2 data transmit-receive indicator lights of ATmega128L microprocessor chip, in the system debug stage, according to the ruuning situation of the state determining program of its indicator light, status indicator LED 1-LED3 lamp is connected with " 49,50,51 " pin of ATmega128L.R
9with C
11form software reset's circuit.Y1, Y2 are crystal oscillator, and Y1 is low frequency crystal oscillator, and frequency of oscillation is 32.768kHz, can when processor runs on low-power consumption mode, use.Y2 is high frequency crystal oscillator, and frequency of oscillation is 7.3728MHz, is system clock source.SO, SI, SCK1, SCK2, CS1, CS2 are for to carry out SPI-bus analogue interface with common I/O mouth, it can make ATmega128L microprocessor chip and various ancillary equipment communicate with exchange message with serial mode, by writing corresponding program, can realize the transfer of data between U4 and U6 and ATmega128L.Low-power consumption, ultra-high frequency wireless data transmit-receive chip CC1000 that radio transmitting and receiving chip selects Chipcon company to produce, adopt advanced SmartRF technology, work in 315MHz, 433MHz, 868MHz or 915MHz ISM/SRD frequency range, can programme by spi bus interface flexible.ATmega128L microprocessor chip is connected with CC1000 by " 11,12,29,31,32,61 " pin, and CC1000 can programme by simple three serial data interfaces (PDATA, PCLK and PALE).
Embodiment bis-:
In above-mentioned dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3, polarizing voltage generator 3-1 is by NPN transistor S8050 and non-essential resistance R
18form, to obtain stable 0.7V polarizing voltage output, as shown in Figure 3.U5 is accurate dual operational amplifier TLC277ID, has the features such as low maladjustment voltage input widely and drift, high input impedance, low noise.Adopt dual power supply mode, after operating voltage is reverse by cmos voltage inverter, to TLC277ID, power, relation in direct ratio between the electric current of the voltage of signal preamplifier 3-2 output and 3 inputs of dissolved oxygen signal condition unit, multiplication factor is by regulating non-essential resistance R
25resistance obtain.The voltage signal of signal preamplifier 3-2 output is through precision resistance R
28and R
29after dividing potential drop, produce standard voltage signal and be input in programmable gain amplifier 3-3, U6 is programmable gain amplifier MCP6S21, and is connected by the common I/O mouth of spi bus and microprocessor unit 1, jointly completes multichannel selection and variable gain and regulates.The serial clock input pin SCK1 of programmable gain amplifier MCP6S21, serial data input pin draw SI, chip selection input pin CS1 is connected with " 35 " pin with " 25 " pin, " 3 " pin in microprocessor unit 1 respectively, and microprocessor unit 1 is controlled the work of programmable gain amplifier 3-3 by programming.Active low-pass filter is comprised of operational amplifier U7 and outside RC element, forms RC filter circuit, and its input impedance is high, and output impedance is low.The 5MHz single supply op MCP6281 chip that U7 adopts Microchip company to produce, and design Sallen-Key or Butterworth low pass filter, cut-off frequency is 20Hz, U7 is connected with " 58 " the pin ADC3 of microprocessor chip U1.
In above-mentioned water temperature signal conditioning unit 4, water temperature data acquisition is by U4 and external stability resistance R
19the temperature resistance at thermistor two ends is directly converted to digital output, and is input to microprocessor unit 1 and carries out the calculating of water temperature data and processing, as shown in Figure 4.U4 selects high precision thermosensitive resistor-digital quantizer MAX6682, thermistor and external stability resistance R
19form a voltage divider, by the internal reference of MAX6682, driven, MAX6682 measures R
19both end voltage, and produce 10+sign bit output code according to this voltage, in measured temperature range, as long as select suitable thermistor and external stability resistance, MAX6682 just can be according to the ratio output data of 8LSB/ ℃ (0.125 ℃ of resolution).MAX6682 is a read-only device, by three line spi bus, is connected with microprocessor chip U1.The serial clock input pin SCK2 of thermistor-digital quantizer MAX6682, serial data output pin draw SO, chip selection input pin CS2 and are connected with " 26 " pin, " 2 " pin, " 36 " pin in microprocessor chip U1 respectively.MAX6682 is used the ADC of 10 by external stability resistance R
19convert the decline of voltage to digital output, when using negative tempperature coefficient thermistor, by measuring voltage R
19both end voltage, the code of its output is directly relevant with Temperature numerical.Although thermistor and temperature are nonlinear,, R
19both end voltage in limited temperature range, can be similar to think linear, 10 bit digital quantity output and R
19both end voltage converts according to following formula:
V wherein
r19for R
19both end voltage, the thermistor of employing is accurate NTC temperature sensor.
Embodiment tri-:
In above-mentioned scavenging pump control unit 5, " 48 " pin in microprocessor chip U1 is by current-limiting resistance R
16be connected with " 3 " pin of U2, U2 adopts light-coupled isolation chip 6N137, and digital circuit and analog circuit are kept apart on electric space, has avoided various electrical Interference, as shown in Figure 5." 48 " pin of microprocessor chip U1 is linked on the gate pole G pin of field effect transistor Q5 on power management plate, Q5 selects power field effect pipe IRF7832, microprocessor chip starts scavenging pump dissolved oxygen sensor electrode is cleaned automatically by controlling the break-make of " Q5 ", unlatching and the running time of scavenging pump are all realized by software programming by microprocessor chip, have reduced artificial intervention.
Embodiment tetra-:
In Fig. 6, U8 adopts advanced lithium cell charging managing chip BQ2057WSN, and it is widely used in the charging needs of lithium battery group (Li-lon) and lithium polymer battery group (Li-Pol).Solar panel BT1 is connected with advanced lithium cell charging managing chip BQ2057WSN by Schottky barrier diode D3, BQ2057WSN is connected with the gate pole G pin of P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe Q3 by pin " 7 ", control its turn-on and turn-off, to implement the charging process to lithium battery group, Q3 selects P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe SI6475DQ.Temperature sensor integrated in BQ2057WSN is by pin " 4 " continuous detecting lithium battery interior temperature.When temperature exceeds while setting scope, close at once the charging to lithium battery group.Charged state identification is connected with LED light " D4, D5 " by the pin on BQ2057WSN " 5 ", and D4 green light represents to be full of, and D5 red light represents to charge.
Lithium battery group output is connected with voltage isolated location 7, and voltage isolated location 7 is comprised of U9, to eliminate lithium battery group output voltage and sensing main board power supply voltage due to common ground or to be total to the various electrical Interference that power line seals in.U9 selects the wide pressure isolation of WRS05S05-2W level pressure output module, voltage after the isolation of U9 pin " 6 " output is divided into two-way: lead up to U10 (adopting SPX1117-3.3V voltage stabilizing chip) by voltage drop to+3.3V to microprocessor unit 1 and wireless communication unit 2) power supply, another road is connected to the pin of microprocessor chip U1 " 47 " input pin of cmos analog switch Q4, Q4 adopts cmos analog switch MAX4561 chip, from the voltage of MAX4561 output, for dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3 and water temperature signal conditioning unit 4, work, microprocessor chip U1 controls the turn-on and turn-off of MAX4561 by programming, electrical source consumption with dissolved oxygen signal condition unit 3 and water temperature signal conditioning unit 4 under minimizing non operating state, for passing through solar powered portable set, have great significance.
As above,, although represented and explained the utility model with reference to specific preferred embodiment, it shall not be construed as the restriction to the utility model self.Not departing under the spirit and scope prerequisite of the present utility model of claims definition, can make in the form and details various variations to it.
Claims (4)
1. an aquaculture wireless sensor network node device, comprise sensing mainboard and power management plate, described sensing mainboard is connected with described power management plate, described power management plate provides the energy by solar panel, and described power management plate comprises successively connected lithium cell charging control unit (6), voltage isolated location (7) and electric pressure converter unit (8); Sensing mainboard comprises microprocessor unit (1), wireless communication unit (2), dissolved oxygen signal condition unit (3), water temperature signal conditioning unit (4) and scavenging pump control unit (5), described dissolved oxygen signal condition unit (3) is connected with cooling-water temperature sensor with dissolved oxygen sensor respectively with water temperature signal conditioning unit (4), it is characterized in that:
Described microprocessor unit (1) adopts AVR series microprocessor chip, by A/D mouth on microprocessor chip, is connected with described dissolved oxygen signal condition unit (3); Described microprocessor unit (1) adopts spi bus to be connected with described water temperature signal conditioning unit (4);
Described wireless communication unit (2) is comprised of Data Transmission Controlling subelement (2-1) and wireless receiving and dispatching interface subelement (2-2), adopt wireless receiving and dispatching communication chip CC1000 or CC1020 as process chip, described microprocessor unit (1) adopts spi bus to be connected with the data-interface of wireless communication unit (2);
Described scavenging pump control unit (5) is connected with the common I/O mouth of microprocessor unit (1), optical coupling isolation circuit (5-1) and field effect transistor control circuit (5-2), consists of.
2. aquaculture wireless sensor network node device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described lithium cell charging control unit (6) is comprised of lithium cell charging managing chip, transistor or MOSFET pipe, charged state indicator light and peripheral circuit, described lithium cell charging managing chip is connected with solar panel by Schottky barrier rectifier, the direct voltage of solar panel output is charged to lithium battery group by the adjustable charging circuit of self adaptation, and lithium cell charging managing chip is realized the continuous monitoring to lithium battery group temperature;
Lithium battery group output is connected with voltage isolated location (7), voltage isolated location (7) is comprised of wide pressure isolation level pressure output (DC-DC) module, and be connected with cmos analog switch chip, from the voltage of cmos analog switch chip output, for dissolved oxygen signal condition unit (3) and water temperature signal conditioning unit (4), work, cmos analog switch chip is connected with the common I/O mouth of microprocessor unit (1), and by programming, control the turn-on and turn-off of cmos analog switch chip, the electrical source consumption of dissolved oxygen signal condition unit (3) and water temperature signal conditioning unit (4) under minimizing non operating state,
Electric pressure converter unit (8) is connected with the output of voltage isolated location (7), and press chip or voltage-stabiliser tube and respective peripheral circuit that voltage isolated location (7) output end voltage is carried out to grade transformation by ascending, descending, for the operation of sensing mainboard and other equipment provides required power supply voltage level;
Lithium battery group is connected with scavenging pump by field effect transistor or controllable silicon, and the operation operating voltage of scavenging pump is provided.
3. aquaculture wireless sensor network node device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described dissolved oxygen sensor is provided with platinum electrode and silver electrode, and described platinum electrode is connected with dissolved oxygen signal condition unit (3) with silver electrode; Described dissolved oxygen signal condition unit (3) is connected to form successively by polarizing voltage generator (3-1), signal preamplifier (3-2), programmable gain amplifier (3-3) and active low-pass filter (3-4).
4. aquaculture wireless sensor network node device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cooling-water temperature sensor consists of the thermistor of negative temperature coefficient, described cooling-water temperature sensor is connected with water temperature signal conditioning unit (4), and described water temperature signal conditioning unit (4) is comprised of thermistor-digital quantizer and external stability resistance.
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| CN201320284982.2U CN203466807U (en) | 2013-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | Aquaculture wireless sensor network node device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106645330A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-10 | 福州微启迪物联科技有限公司 | Portable NB-IoT water quality detecting device and parameter correcting method thereof |
| CN107798845A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-13 | 广西小草信息产业有限责任公司 | A kind of information acquisition system and method |
| CN108828170A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of sea-farming dissolved oxygen concentration acquisition device and method with multi-protocols output |
-
2013
- 2013-05-22 CN CN201320284982.2U patent/CN203466807U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106645330A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-10 | 福州微启迪物联科技有限公司 | Portable NB-IoT water quality detecting device and parameter correcting method thereof |
| CN107798845A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-13 | 广西小草信息产业有限责任公司 | A kind of information acquisition system and method |
| CN108828170A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-11-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of sea-farming dissolved oxygen concentration acquisition device and method with multi-protocols output |
| CN108828170B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2021-05-28 | 青岛黄海学院 | Mariculture dissolved oxygen concentration acquisition device and method with multi-protocol output |
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