CN203420766U - Waste heat comprehensive utilization system of CNGE - Google Patents
Waste heat comprehensive utilization system of CNGE Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种压缩天然气发动机(CNGE)余热综合利用系统,涉及发动机的新型节能技术,它采用余热换热器利用尾气和/或缸套水余热对高压气瓶输出的高压燃气进行加热,利用至少两级膨胀机装置(一级为变膨胀比膨胀机、一级为定膨胀比膨胀机)对高压燃气进行降压处理,以达到发动机燃烧所需的燃气压力,同时利用膨胀机对压力能和余热进行综合利用,增大发动机输出轴功,提高发动机系统效率,增加行驶里程,节约天然气消耗。本实用新型的装置结构紧凑、性能可靠,回收了80%的燃气压缩过程消耗的能量,显著提高了天然气作为发动机燃料的优势。
The utility model discloses a compressed natural gas engine (CNGE) waste heat comprehensive utilization system, which relates to a new energy-saving technology of the engine. It adopts a waste heat heat exchanger to use tail gas and/or cylinder jacket water waste heat to heat high-pressure gas output from a high-pressure gas cylinder. , using at least two-stage expander devices (one stage is a variable expansion ratio expander, and the other stage is a constant expansion ratio expander) to depressurize the high-pressure gas to achieve the gas pressure required for engine combustion, and at the same time use the expander to Comprehensive utilization of pressure energy and waste heat increases engine output shaft work, improves engine system efficiency, increases mileage, and saves natural gas consumption. The device of the utility model has compact structure and reliable performance, recovers 80% of the energy consumed in the gas compression process, and significantly improves the advantage of natural gas as engine fuel.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及余热综合利用节能技术领域,特别是使用压缩天然气发动机(Compressed Natural Gas Engine,CNGE)的余热综合利用系统。The utility model relates to the technical field of waste heat comprehensive utilization and energy saving, in particular to a waste heat comprehensive utilization system using a compressed natural gas engine (Compressed Natural Gas Engine, CNGE).
背景技术Background technique
世界经济飞速发展,汽车保有量急剧增加,汽车给人们出行带来了极大便利,对人类发展作出了巨大贡献,但同时消耗大量石油资源、排出大量有害气体,成为城市污染特别是PM2.5的重要源头。统计资料表明,西方发达国家大中型城市的大气污染中,约54%的一氧化碳CO、41%的氮氧化物NOX、28%的碳氧化物COX来自汽车尾气。在我国,汽车尾气也成为大气污染的罪魁祸首。研究表明,广州市空气污染的主要污染源是:机动车尾气占22%、工业污染占20.4%、建筑工地扬尘污染占19.2%,汽车尾气被市民评为“最不可忍受的污染物”。为了解决这一问题,人们一直在努力改变能源结构,采用低公害/无公害的汽车发动机替代燃料。With the rapid development of the world economy, the number of cars has increased sharply. Cars have brought great convenience to people's travel and made great contributions to human development. However, at the same time, they consume a lot of oil resources and emit a lot of harmful gases. important source. Statistics show that in the air pollution of large and medium-sized cities in western developed countries, about 54% of carbon monoxide CO, 41% of nitrogen oxides NOx , and 28% of carbon oxides COx come from automobile exhaust. In my country, automobile exhaust has also become the chief culprit of air pollution. Studies have shown that the main sources of air pollution in Guangzhou are: motor vehicle exhaust accounting for 22%, industrial pollution accounting for 20.4%, and dust pollution from construction sites accounting for 19.2%. Vehicle exhaust is rated as "the most intolerable pollutant" by citizens. In order to solve this problem, people have been working hard to change the energy structure and use low-pollution/no-pollution automobile engines to replace fuels.
目前已用于汽车发动机上的新能源主要包括液化石油气、燃油和电动的混合动力、纯电动、燃料电池、醇类燃料以及压缩天然气。液化石油气推广的主要缺点在于液化石油气建设投资巨大,气源的1/3靠海运进口,并且随着石油价格的上涨,使用价格也日益提高。混合动力和纯电动动力源主要受限于电池容量和寿命问题得不到较好解决,造成单车价值过高,短时间内难以大规模推广。燃料电池主要指的是氢燃料电池,最大的问题是整车成本高,基础建设加氢站跟不上,再加上电池寿命短,经济性不佳。醇类燃料主要是甲醇和乙醇,取材比较容易,主要是粮食,但燃料本身对设备的腐蚀性太强,造成相关存储和加注设备寿命太短,大规模推广困难。与此相对应的是压缩天然气(CNG)燃料价格便宜、成分单一、储量大、有害排放物少、安全可靠性高,抗暴震性能好而备受关注,成为汽车发动机的最佳代用燃料,市场应用广泛,前景广阔。The new energy that has been used in automobile engines mainly includes liquefied petroleum gas, fuel and electric hybrid, pure electric, fuel cell, alcohol fuel and compressed natural gas. The main disadvantage of the promotion of liquefied petroleum gas is that the construction investment of liquefied petroleum gas is huge, 1/3 of the gas source is imported by sea, and with the rise of oil prices, the use price is also increasing. Hybrid and pure electric power sources are mainly limited by battery capacity and life issues that cannot be well resolved, resulting in excessively high value of bicycles, making it difficult to promote them on a large scale in a short period of time. Fuel cells mainly refer to hydrogen fuel cells. The biggest problem is that the cost of the whole vehicle is high, and the basic construction of hydrogen refueling stations cannot keep up. In addition, the battery life is short and the economy is not good. Alcohol fuels are mainly methanol and ethanol. It is relatively easy to obtain materials, mainly grains, but the fuel itself is too corrosive to equipment, resulting in a short service life of related storage and filling equipment, making it difficult to promote on a large scale. Correspondingly, compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel is cheap, has a single composition, large reserves, less harmful emissions, high safety and reliability, and good anti-knock performance. It has attracted much attention and has become the best alternative fuel for automobile engines. The market Wide range of applications and broad prospects.
天然气与煤炭、石油并列为世界能源的三大支柱。目前全世界天然气的探明总储量约140万亿立方米,折合石油为1232亿吨,预计可开采200年。同时我国天然气资源储量丰富,探明储量3.8万亿立方米。目前在我国四川省、中西部省份和海上已经形成了年产3230亿立方米的生产能力。随着被探明天然气储量的不断增加,应用必将越来越广泛,在能源结构中的地位将愈加重要。CNG(压缩天然气)作为清洁燃料的价格、环保优势日益明显,已经在汽车发动机特别是出租车、公交车上得到广泛应用。Natural gas, coal and petroleum are listed as the three pillars of world energy. At present, the total proven reserves of natural gas in the world are about 140 trillion cubic meters, which is equivalent to 123.2 billion tons of oil, and it is expected to be exploitable for 200 years. At the same time, my country has abundant reserves of natural gas resources, with proven reserves of 3.8 trillion cubic meters. At present, an annual production capacity of 323 billion cubic meters has been formed in Sichuan Province, the central and western provinces and the sea. With the continuous increase of proven natural gas reserves, its application will become more and more extensive, and its position in the energy structure will become more and more important. As a clean fuel, CNG (compressed natural gas) has increasingly obvious advantages in terms of price and environmental protection, and has been widely used in automobile engines, especially taxis and buses.
CNG发动机汽车的工作过程:将高压的压缩天然气冲入气瓶,气瓶中的压力不大于公称压力20Mpa,防止压力过大,温度升高出现危险;也不能小于3Mpa,防止压力过小,出现供气不足。高压的压缩天然气从储气瓶输出,经过高压电磁阀进入三级减压阀,高压电磁阀的开关由ECU控制,高压减压器的作用是将20Mpa~3Mpa的高压压缩天然气经过减压加热将压力调节到0.1Mpa~0.5Mpa之间。高压天然气在减压过程中由于减压膨胀,需要吸收大量的热量,为防止减压阀冻结,将发动机冷却液引出到减压器,对燃气进行加热。经减压后的天然气进入电控调节器,电控调节器根据发动机运行工况精确控制天然气喷射量。经过调控的天然气与空气在混合器内充分混合后,进入发动机缸内,经火花塞点燃进行燃烧,火花塞的点火由ECU控制,氧传感器即时监控燃烧后的尾气氧浓度,推算出空燃比,ECU根据氧传感器的反馈信号及时修正天然气的喷射量。The working process of a CNG engine car: flush high-pressure compressed natural gas into the cylinder, the pressure in the cylinder should not exceed the nominal pressure of 20Mpa, to prevent the pressure from being too high, and the temperature will rise dangerously; it should not be less than 3Mpa, to prevent the pressure from being too small, and the occurrence of Insufficient air supply. The high-pressure compressed natural gas is output from the gas storage cylinder, and enters the three-stage pressure reducing valve through the high-pressure solenoid valve. The switch of the high-pressure solenoid valve is controlled by the ECU. The pressure is adjusted to between 0.1Mpa and 0.5Mpa. During the decompression process, high-pressure natural gas needs to absorb a large amount of heat due to decompression and expansion. In order to prevent the decompression valve from freezing, the engine coolant is led out to the decompressor to heat the gas. The decompressed natural gas enters the electronic control regulator, and the electronic control regulator accurately controls the injection amount of natural gas according to the engine operating conditions. After the regulated natural gas and air are fully mixed in the mixer, they enter the engine cylinder and are ignited by the spark plug for combustion. The ignition of the spark plug is controlled by the ECU. The oxygen sensor monitors the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas after combustion in real time to calculate the air-fuel ratio. The feedback signal of the oxygen sensor corrects the injection quantity of natural gas in time.
为提高CNG发动机能量利用效率,近几年国内外的专家学者做了很多工作,比如缸内直喷技术、冷却液加热减压器技术等,但多集中于缸内燃烧技术,对高压天然气压力能和尾气余热利用较少。由于制取车用压缩天然气过程能耗较高(0.3~0.5kWh/kg),而常规发动机通过气瓶输出的高压燃气经过减压阀降压,节流损失严重。现有技术中还出现了CNGE余压能量回收装置,虽然在一定程度上利用了CNGE的,但在使用过程中却存在一系列问题,突出表现在:一是所利用缸套冷却水的温度较低,不利于充分利用压力能,另一是CNG的压力能释放过程存在重大缺陷,直接使用膨胀机进行减压,减压过程中没有稳压措施,压力源的压力在逐步衰减,导致膨胀机始终处于变膨胀比下工作,使得膨胀机对外输出的能量不稳定,且使得膨胀机的出气压力不稳定,影响下游的CNGE正常稳定工作。In order to improve the energy utilization efficiency of CNG engines, experts and scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of work in recent years, such as in-cylinder direct injection technology, coolant heating pressure reducer technology, etc., but most of them focus on in-cylinder combustion technology. Energy and exhaust waste heat utilization is less. Due to the high energy consumption (0.3-0.5kWh/kg) in the process of producing compressed natural gas for vehicles, while the high-pressure gas output by the conventional engine through the gas cylinder is depressurized through the pressure reducing valve, and the throttling loss is serious. In the prior art, a CNGE residual pressure energy recovery device has also appeared. Although CNGE has been utilized to a certain extent, there are a series of problems in the use process. Low, not conducive to the full use of pressure energy. Another is that there are major defects in the pressure energy release process of CNG. The expander is directly used for decompression. There are no pressure stabilization measures during the decompression process. Working at a variable expansion ratio all the time makes the energy output by the expander unstable, and makes the outlet pressure of the expander unstable, affecting the normal and stable operation of the downstream CNGE.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是针对现有技术的上述缺点和不足,提出一种压缩天然气发动机(CNGE)余热综合利用系统,是一种新型的燃气供给节能系统,利用供气系统的压降和发动机尾气及缸套水余热,具体是利用CNGE的尾气及缸套水余热对高压燃气进行降压处理,高压燃气的降压是使用变膨胀比结合定压比的膨胀机装置并结合稳压装置,实现对高压燃气的稳定利用,提高了发动机出功和效率,可适合于各种CNG发动机。The purpose of this utility model is to address the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a compressed natural gas engine (CNGE) waste heat comprehensive utilization system. and jacket water waste heat. Specifically, the CNGE tail gas and jacket water waste heat are used to depressurize the high-pressure gas. The depressurization of the high-pressure gas is achieved by using an expander device with a variable expansion ratio combined with a constant pressure ratio and a pressure stabilizing device. The stable utilization of high-pressure gas improves engine output and efficiency, and is suitable for various CNG engines.
为达到上述目的,本实用新型的技术解决方案是:For achieving the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is:
一种压缩天然气发动机(CNGE)余热综合利用系统,包括通过燃气管路连接的CNG储气装置、电磁阀、换热器组、膨胀机组、稳压阀组、燃气喷嘴、燃气混合器、CNGE,其特征在于:A compressed natural gas engine (CNGE) waste heat comprehensive utilization system, including a CNG gas storage device connected through a gas pipeline, a solenoid valve, a heat exchanger group, an expansion unit, a pressure stabilizing valve group, a gas nozzle, a gas mixer, and CNGE, It is characterized by:
所述膨胀机组包括相互串联的变膨胀比膨胀机和定膨胀比膨胀机;所述换热器组至少包括换热器Ⅰ、Ⅱ;所述稳压阀组至少包括稳压阀Ⅰ、Ⅱ;所述CNGE的尾气管路中设有增压器单元,所述增压器单元包括增压器涡轮、增压器压气机;其中,The expansion unit includes a variable expansion ratio expander and a constant expansion ratio expander connected in series; the heat exchanger group includes at least heat exchangers I and II; the pressure stabilizing valve group includes at least pressure stabilizing valves I and II; A supercharger unit is provided in the tail gas pipeline of the CNGE, and the supercharger unit includes a supercharger turbine and a supercharger compressor; wherein,
所述CNG储气装置的出气口和所述变膨胀比膨胀机的进气口间的燃气管路上至少设置所述电磁阀及换热器Ⅰ,所述变膨胀比膨胀机的出气口和所述定膨胀比膨胀机间的燃气管路上至少设置所述换热器Ⅱ及稳压阀Ⅰ,所述定膨胀比膨胀机的出气口和所述燃气喷嘴间的燃气管路上至少设置稳压阀Ⅱ,The gas pipeline between the gas outlet of the CNG gas storage device and the air inlet of the variable expansion ratio expander is at least provided with the electromagnetic valve and heat exchanger I, and the gas outlet of the variable expansion ratio expander and the gas pipeline At least the heat exchanger II and the pressure stabilizing valve I are arranged on the gas pipeline between the expanders with a fixed expansion ratio, and at least a pressure stabilizing valve is arranged on the gas pipeline between the gas outlet of the expander with a fixed expansion ratio and the gas nozzle II,
所述增压器涡轮驱动增压器压气机,所述增压器压气机将空气升压后输送至燃气混合器,所述增压器涡轮由CNGE的尾气流驱动,各所述换热器内的冷流体为压缩天然气,热流体为CNGE的尾气。The supercharger turbine drives the supercharger compressor, and the supercharger compressor boosts the air and delivers it to the gas mixer. The supercharger turbine is driven by the exhaust gas flow of the CNGE. Each of the heat exchangers The cold fluid inside is compressed natural gas, and the hot fluid is CNGE tail gas.
优选地,所述CNG储气装置通过加气阀门将CNG加注其中,储存不高于20MPa的压缩天然气。Preferably, the CNG gas storage device injects CNG into it through a gas filling valve, and stores compressed natural gas not higher than 20MPa.
优选地,所述电磁阀用于控制CNGE供气系统的通断,由发动机电子控制单元ECU控制,转换燃料供给。Preferably, the solenoid valve is used to control the on-off of the CNGE air supply system, and is controlled by the engine electronic control unit ECU to switch the fuel supply.
优选地,各稳压阀安装于各膨胀机后,以稳定从膨胀机出口降压的压力。Preferably, each pressure stabilizing valve is installed behind each expander to stabilize the pressure reduced from the outlet of the expander.
优选地,所述增压器压气机的进口端设空气过滤器。Preferably, an air filter is provided at the inlet end of the supercharger compressor.
优选地,所述燃气喷嘴前的燃气管路上还设置有过滤器。Preferably, a filter is also arranged on the gas pipeline before the gas nozzle.
优选地,所述变膨胀比膨胀机的压比是可变的,工作范围为3~20,所述定膨胀比膨胀机工作过程中压比保持不变,压比为5~20。Preferably, the pressure ratio of the variable expansion ratio expander is variable, with a working range of 3-20, and the pressure ratio of the constant expansion ratio expander remains constant during operation, and the pressure ratio is 5-20.
优选地,所述定膨胀比膨胀机的出气口和所述燃气喷嘴间的燃气管路上还设置有换热器Ⅲ,该换热器内的冷流体为压缩天然气,热流体为CNGE的尾气。Preferably, a heat exchanger III is also arranged on the gas pipeline between the gas outlet of the constant expansion ratio expander and the gas nozzle, the cold fluid in the heat exchanger is compressed natural gas, and the hot fluid is CNGE tail gas.
优选地,所述CNGE的缸套冷却水设有外循环管路,各换热器的热流体侧的进口处连接所述外循环管路或所述CNGE的尾气。Preferably, the cylinder liner cooling water of the CNGE is provided with an external circulation pipeline, and the inlets on the hot fluid side of each heat exchanger are connected to the external circulation pipeline or the tail gas of the CNGE.
优选地,各换热器可设计为两种不同热流体串联式或并联式,由两种热流体共同加热同一股天然气。优选地,所述CNGE的尾气先部分或全部地经过各换热器,然后再汇总或单独通过所述增压器涡轮,以便于用较高的温度加热天然气,从而获得更高的膨胀功,更好地利用天然气压力能,或,所述CNGE的尾气先流经所述增压器涡轮,然后再分流至各所述换热器。Preferably, each heat exchanger can be designed as two different thermal fluids connected in series or in parallel, and the same natural gas is heated by the two thermal fluids. Preferably, the tail gas of the CNGE first partially or completely passes through each heat exchanger, and then collectively or separately passes through the turbocharger turbine, so as to heat the natural gas at a higher temperature, thereby obtaining higher expansion work, It is better to utilize the pressure energy of natural gas, or, the tail gas of the CNGE first flows through the turbocharger turbine, and then is split to each of the heat exchangers.
优选地,所述换热器Ⅰ、Ⅱ的热流体由所述CNGE尾气提供,换热器Ⅲ的热流体由CNGE缸套冷却水提供,或,所述换热器Ⅰ、Ⅱ的热流体由CNGE缸套冷却水提供,换热器Ⅲ的热流体由所述CNGE尾气提供。Preferably, the thermal fluid of the heat exchangers I and II is provided by the CNGE tail gas, the thermal fluid of the heat exchanger III is provided by the CNGE cylinder liner cooling water, or the thermal fluid of the heat exchangers I and II is provided by CNGE cylinder liner cooling water is provided, and the heat fluid of heat exchanger III is provided by the CNGE exhaust gas.
优选地,所述系统中,所述定膨胀比膨胀机之前的各部件通过高压燃气管路连接,之后的各部件通过低压燃气管路连接。Preferably, in the system, the components before the constant expansion ratio expander are connected through a high-pressure gas pipeline, and the components after that are connected through a low-pressure gas pipeline.
优选地,各膨胀机均可为多级组合式膨胀机,各膨胀机均可为活塞式、螺杆式、叶片式或混合式膨胀机,所述定膨胀比膨胀机还可以是微型向心式膨胀机。Preferably, each expander can be a multi-stage combined expander, and each expander can be a piston type, screw type, vane type or mixed type expander, and the fixed expansion ratio expander can also be a miniature centripetal type expander.
优选地,各换热器可以是管壳式、板翅式、及螺旋管式等结构。Preferably, each heat exchanger can be of a shell-and-tube type, a plate-fin type, and a spiral tube type.
本实用新型的压缩天然气发动机(CNGE)余热综合利用系统,其工作流程为:使用压缩天然气燃料的发动机工作时,从压缩气瓶中流出的高压燃气首先通过电磁阀,进入换热器Ⅰ吸收发动机尾气或缸套水余热升温;换热升温后的高压燃气通过一级变膨胀比膨胀机膨胀做功,将20MPa的燃气压力降到0.5~2MPa之间的某一设计压力,随着工作时间推移,储气罐内压力不断降低,所以一级膨胀机工作过程处于变膨胀比情况;一次降压降温后的高压燃气经过换热器Ⅱ和稳压阀Ⅰ再次吸收发动机尾气或缸套水余热升温,然后进入二级膨胀机膨胀做功,将压力由一级膨胀机出口压力降低到0.05~0.2MPa左右,二级膨胀机工作过程中进出口压力稳定,为定膨胀比膨胀机;膨胀降压降温后的常压燃气再次通过稳压阀Ⅱ和换热器Ⅲ进一步吸收余热,既防止管路“结冰”现象,又提高进入发动机缸内的燃气温度,节约热能;升温后的常压高温燃气经过过滤器滤除燃气中的液滴和细小固体颗粒,再通过燃气喷嘴与经过涡轮增压器的空气喷射到发动机气缸前混合器中进行混合,最后进入发动机燃烧室。燃烧做功后,发动机排气经过增压器涡轮的尾气和高温气缸缸套水用于换热器组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的热源,对于不带涡轮增压器的发动机,发动机排气尾气直接作为换热器组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的热源,根据不同的发动机设计,换热器Ⅲ也可取消,常压常温燃气经过滤后进入混合器在进入发动机内燃烧做功。The waste heat comprehensive utilization system of the compressed natural gas engine (CNGE) of the utility model has a work flow as follows: when the engine using the compressed natural gas fuel works, the high-pressure gas flowing out from the compressed gas cylinder first passes through the solenoid valve and enters the heat exchanger I to absorb the engine Exhaust gas or cylinder jacket water waste heat heats up; the high-pressure gas after heat exchange and temperature rise is expanded to do work through the first-stage variable expansion ratio expander, and the gas pressure of 20MPa is reduced to a certain design pressure between 0.5 and 2MPa. As the working time goes by, The pressure in the gas storage tank keeps decreasing, so the working process of the first-stage expander is in a state of variable expansion ratio; the high-pressure gas after the first pressure reduction and temperature reduction passes through the heat exchanger II and the pressure stabilizing valve I to absorb the exhaust heat of the engine exhaust or the cylinder jacket water again, and the temperature rises. Then enter the second-stage expander to expand and do work, reducing the pressure from the outlet pressure of the first-stage expander to about 0.05-0.2MPa. The pressure at the inlet and outlet of the second-stage expander is stable during the working process, which is an expander with a fixed expansion ratio; after expansion, pressure reduction and cooling The normal-pressure gas passes through the pressure-stabilizing valve II and heat exchanger III to further absorb waste heat, which not only prevents the phenomenon of "freezing" of the pipeline, but also increases the temperature of the gas entering the engine cylinder, saving heat energy; The filter filters out the liquid droplets and fine solid particles in the gas, and then injects the air through the turbocharger into the pre-mixer of the engine cylinder through the gas nozzle for mixing, and finally enters the engine combustion chamber. After the combustion works, the exhaust gas of the engine passes through the exhaust gas of the turbocharger and the high-temperature cylinder jacket water to be used as the heat source of the heat exchanger groups I, II, and III. For the engine without a turbocharger, the exhaust gas of the engine is directly used as The heat sources of heat exchanger groups I, II, and III can also be eliminated according to different engine designs, and the normal-pressure and normal-temperature gas enters the mixer after being filtered and burns in the engine to perform work.
所述的CNGE余热高效利用系统中,换热器的换热循环主要有四种方案:方案一,对于涡轮增压发动机,发动机气缸排气经过增压器涡轮降压做功后的尾气,部分或全部进入换热器作为热流体提供热源供天然气燃料升温;方案二,对于涡轮增压发动机,发动机气缸排气先部分或全部进入换热器作为热流体提供热源供天然气燃料升温,然后再进入增压器涡轮继续膨胀;方案三,对于无涡轮增压发动机,发动机气缸排气的尾气部分或全部进入换热器作为热流体加热天然气;方案四,发动机缸套冷却水的部分或全部进入换热器作为热流体加热天然气。上述四种方案还可进行组合,即每个换热器的热量可以单独来自发动机尾气或缸套水,也可以是混合加热。In the above-mentioned CNGE waste heat efficient utilization system, there are mainly four schemes for the heat exchange cycle of the heat exchanger:
根据本实用新型的另一方面,还提供了压缩天然气发动机(CNGE)余热综合利用方法,利用本实用新型的压缩天然气发动机(CNGE)余热综合利用系统,其特征在于,在所述CNGE的燃气供应管路上设置相互串联的变膨胀比膨胀机和定膨胀比膨胀机,各膨胀机前设置换热器,各膨胀机后设置稳压阀,最后一级膨胀机的稳压阀后可选择性地设置换热器,所述CNGE的尾气管路中设有增压器涡轮,各所述换热器内的冷流体通CNG,所述增压器涡轮之前或之后的CNGE尾气作为热流体通入各所述换热器内,CNGE的缸套冷却水可选择性地切入各所述换热器的热流体侧。According to another aspect of the utility model, a method for comprehensive utilization of compressed natural gas engine (CNGE) waste heat is also provided. Using the system for comprehensive utilization of compressed natural gas engine (CNGE) waste heat of the utility model, it is characterized in that the gas supply of the CNGE A variable expansion ratio expander and a constant expansion ratio expander are arranged in series on the pipeline, a heat exchanger is installed in front of each expander, a pressure stabilizing valve is installed behind each expander, and the pressure stabilizing valve of the last stage expander can be optionally A heat exchanger is arranged, a supercharger turbine is arranged in the tail gas pipeline of the CNGE, the cold fluid in each heat exchanger passes through CNG, and the CNGE tail gas before or after the supercharger turbine is passed in as a hot fluid In each of the heat exchangers, the jacket cooling water of the CNGE can be selectively cut into the thermal fluid side of each of the heat exchangers.
本实用新型的压缩天然气发动机余热综合利用系统,采用了换热器组和膨胀机组来代替减压阀,并利用一级变膨胀比膨胀机和一级定膨胀比膨胀机相配合,既最大限度地利用了天然气压力能和尾气及缸套水余热,结构上又比较简单合理,可以有效实现余热余压的综合梯级利用,运行过程中发动机出功和效率平均增加5~10%。The comprehensive utilization system of compressed natural gas engine waste heat of the utility model adopts a heat exchanger group and an expansion unit to replace the pressure reducing valve, and utilizes a first-stage variable expansion ratio expander and a first-stage constant expansion ratio expander to cooperate to maximize The pressure energy of natural gas and the waste heat of exhaust gas and cylinder jacket water are effectively utilized, and the structure is relatively simple and reasonable, which can effectively realize the comprehensive cascade utilization of waste heat and pressure, and the engine output and efficiency increase by an average of 5-10% during operation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的压缩天然气发动机余热综合利用系统实施例1的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of
图2为本实用新型的压缩天然气发动机余热综合利用系统实施例2的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of
图3为本实用新型的压缩天然气发动机余热综合利用系统实施例3的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of
图4为本实用新型的压缩天然气发动机余热综合利用系统实施例4的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the comprehensive utilization system for compressed natural gas engine waste heat of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下参照附图并举实施例,对本实用新型进一步详细说明。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
图1为本实用新型的实施例1。本实用新型的CNGE余热高效利用系统包括充气阀1,气瓶2,电磁阀3,换热器4、5、8,稳压阀6、7,过滤器9,燃气喷嘴10,混合器11,发动机燃烧室12,空气滤清器13,天然气源A,空气B,膨胀机组E1/E2,增压器涡轮T1,增压器压气机C。膨胀机组E1/E2包括一级变膨胀比膨胀机E1和二级定膨胀比膨胀机E2,一级膨胀机E1的压比是可变的,工作范围为3~20,进口通过换热器4与储气瓶的气源连接;二级膨胀机E2的压比为5~20,工作过程中是稳定的,出口通过稳压阀7、换热器8、过滤器9、燃气喷嘴10等进入燃气混合器11并进入发动机气缸12。换热器组包括至少与膨胀机组E1/E2相配套的两组换热器4、5,换热器4在膨胀机E1前置用于加热高压燃气,换热器5在膨胀机E2前置用于加热膨胀降温后的高压燃气,换热器8在过滤器9前置用于加热低压燃气,换热器组串联在系统管路的不同位置,换热器组与发动机排气口或发动机带的增压器涡轮出口或发动机缸套水相连,由其提供热介质。发动机气缸排气还可以先经过换热器4、5、8进行换热加热天然气后再进入增压器涡轮T1,然后排出。膨胀机组、换热器组、发动机、涡轮增压器等通过高压/低压燃气管和阀门相连通。A是加气站或其他气源,通过加气阀门1加注到压缩天然气储气瓶2中,气瓶储存不高于20MPa的压缩天然气,具体压力由加气站的充气压力决定;电磁阀3用于控制供气系统通断,同时由发动机电子控制单元ECU控制,转换燃料供给;稳压阀6、7安装于膨胀机后,是为了稳定从膨胀机出口降压的压力;通过稳压阀7的天然气经过过滤器9,过滤掉燃气中的液滴和细小的固体颗粒物,通过燃气喷嘴10喷射到混合器11中;B是外界空气,通过空气过滤器13,进入增压器压气机C的进口端,增压器涡轮T1与增压器压气机C同轴驱动,过滤后空气经过增压器压气机C增压后进入混合器11。混合后的空气天然气混合气进入发动机12,发动机的尾气或经过涡轮增压器的尾气或缸套水进入换热器4、5、8降温换热;系统中1、2、3、4、5、6、E1、E2是高压部分,通过高压管路连接;7、8、9、10、11、12、13、T1、C是常压部分,通过低压管路连接Fig. 1 is
其工作过程如下:从压缩气瓶2中流出的高压燃气首先通过电磁阀3,进入换热器4吸收发动机尾气或缸套水余热升温;换热升温后的高压燃气通过一级变膨胀比膨胀机E1膨胀做功,将20MPa的燃气压力降到0.5~2MPa之间的某一设计压力,随着工作时间推移,储气罐内压力不断降低,一级膨胀机工作过程为变膨胀比;一次降压降温后的高压燃气经过换热器5和稳压阀6再次吸收发动机尾气或缸套水余热升温,然后进入二级膨胀机E2膨胀做功,将压力由一级膨胀机出口压力降低到0.05~0.2MPa左右,二级膨胀机工作过程中进出口压力稳定,为定膨胀比膨胀机;膨胀降压降温后的常压燃气再次通过稳压阀7和换热器8进一步吸收余热,既防止管路“结冰”现象,又提高进入发动机缸内温度;升温后的常压高温燃气经过过滤器9滤除燃气中的液滴和细小固体颗粒,再通过燃气喷嘴10与经过涡轮增压器的空气喷射到发动机气缸前混合器11中进行混合,最后进入发动机燃烧室。燃烧做功后,发动机排气经过增压器涡轮的尾气和高温气缸缸套水用于换热器组4、5、8的热源,对于不带涡轮增压器的发动机,发动机排气尾气直接作为换热器组4、5、8的热源,根据不同的发动机设计,换热器8也可取消,常压常温燃气经过滤后进入混合器11在进入发动机内燃烧做功。Its working process is as follows: the high-pressure gas flowing out of the compressed
图2是本实用新型实施例2,其主体结构与实施例1相同,仅仅改变了换热器的连接部分。压缩天然气发动机缸套冷却水经过管路分别与换热器4、5、8连接,提供热源加热天然气,完成余热利用循环。Fig. 2 is the second embodiment of the utility model, its main structure is the same as that of the first embodiment, only the connecting part of the heat exchanger is changed. The cylinder liner cooling water of the compressed natural gas engine is respectively connected to the
图3是本实用新型的实施例3,其主体结构与实施例1相同,仅仅改变了换热器的连接部分。换热器4、5、8的热流体可以来源于发动机尾气和缸套冷却水,换热器可以设计为两种不同热流体串联式或并联式,由两种热流体共同加热同一股天然气。Fig. 3 is
图4是本实用新型的实施例4,其主体结构与实施例1相同,仅仅改变了换热器的热流体流动过程。即在涡轮增压发动机中,发动机气缸的排气先部分或全部地经过换热器4、5、8中的全部或某个换热器,然后再汇总或单独通过增压器涡轮T1,以便于用较高的温度加热天然气,从而获得更高的膨胀功,更好地利用天然气压力能。Fig. 4 is Embodiment 4 of the present utility model, its main structure is the same as
上述实施例也可以发生变化,采取组合式布置,例如换热器4、5的热流体由发动机尾气提供、换热器8的热流体由缸套冷却水提供,或者换热4的热流体由缸套冷却水提供、换热器5、8的热流体由发动机尾气提供。The above-mentioned embodiment can also be changed, and a combined arrangement is adopted. For example, the hot fluid of
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本实用新型,凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本实用新型的范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall include Within the scope of the present utility model.
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CN103437870A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-11 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | System and method for comprehensively utilizing residual heat of compressed natural gas engine (CNGE) |
CN107082006A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-22 | 北京理工大学 | Hydrogen cell automobile high pressure hydrogen refrigerating plant |
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CN107246739A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-13 | 北京理工大学 | Hydrogen internal combustion engine automobile high pressure hydrogen refrigerating plant |
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2013
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CN103437870A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-11 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | System and method for comprehensively utilizing residual heat of compressed natural gas engine (CNGE) |
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CN107082006A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-22 | 北京理工大学 | Hydrogen cell automobile high pressure hydrogen refrigerating plant |
CN107086319A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-22 | 北京理工大学 | Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle high pressure hydrogen storage tank pressure energy recovery device |
CN107246739A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-13 | 北京理工大学 | Hydrogen internal combustion engine automobile high pressure hydrogen refrigerating plant |
CN108979771A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-11 | 北京理工大学 | Hydrogen internal combustion engine automobile high-pressure hydrogen storing pressure tank energy recyclable device |
CN109458551A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-12 | 吉林大学 | A kind of hydrogen cell automobile high-pressure hydrogen storing pressure tank energy recyclable device and recovery method |
CN114754024A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-07-15 | 海德韦尔(太仓)能源科技有限公司 | Compressor, air compressor comprising compressor and fuel cell device |
CN115253585A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-01 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | For CO2Method and system for utilizing collected residual pressure power generation cold energy |
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