CN114754024A

CN114754024A - Compressor, air compressor comprising compressor and fuel cell device

Info

Publication number: CN114754024A
Application number: CN202110239154.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 顾茸蕾; 王燕青
Original assignee: Hedwell Taicang Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hedwell Taicang Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-12
Filing date: 2021-03-04
Publication date: 2022-07-15
Also published as: WO2022151574A1

Abstract

The application provides a compressor for use in a fuel cell device. The fuel cell device comprises a fuel cell stack, a motor, a gas compressor and a turboexpander, wherein the motor is configured to drive the gas compressor and the turboexpander, a gas outlet of the gas compressor is connected with the fuel cell stack, and a gas inlet of the turboexpander is connected with the fuel cell stack. This application can adopt the pinch roller of major diameter, can also play the effect of eliminating the surge simultaneously.

Description

Compressor, air compressor comprising compressor and fuel cell device

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular to a compressor and an air compressor and a fuel cell device comprising the same.

Background

The air compressor special for the fuel cell is a very important part in a hydrogen fuel cell power system, and is used for providing compressed air with certain pressure and certain flow for the cathode of the fuel cell so as to meet the requirement of the fuel cell reaction on oxygen in the air. Currently, fuel cell air compressors have a single stage compression and also have two stages of compression. The single-stage compression is that a motor drives a pinch roller, and the two-stage compression is that a motor drives two pinch rollers, and one is the low pressure level, and another is the high-pressure level, and high-pressure level and low-pressure level are the series connection, and the air reentries the high-pressure level after the low pressure level compression and carries out the second compression, so the air pressure and the flow that two-stage compressor obtained are higher than single-stage compressor, and the fuel cell power range of applicable is bigger. Wherein only a part of the oxygen of the compressed air entering the fuel cell stack participates in the reaction, the rest of the compressed air is discharged to the atmosphere, and the compressed air discharged by the fuel cell stack still has high pressure, so that the energy carried by the high-pressure air is wasted if the part of the high-pressure air is directly discharged to the atmosphere.

In order to recycle the energy in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack, an air compressor with a turbo expander exists in the prior art, namely, the turbo expander recovers the energy of the exhaust gas and assists a motor to drive the compressor, so that the power requirement of the motor can be reduced, and the efficiency of a fuel cell system is obviously improved.

A conventional air compressor including a turbo expander is shown in fig. 1 and includes a compressor 1, a motor 3, and a turbo expander 2. Since the turboexpander 2 occupies the driving position of the motor 3, the air compressor with the turboexpander 2 is limited by the stability of the motor bearing, and only a single-stage compressor can be adopted. Since the upper limit of the rotation speed of most of the motors 3 in the prior art can only reach 12 thousands of revolutions, a single-stage compressor needs to adopt a large-diameter pressing wheel in order to meet the requirement of a fuel cell stack on the compression ratio (namely the ratio of the pressure of compressed air to atmospheric pressure, and the higher the compression ratio is, the higher the pressure of compressed air is). However, when the fuel cell stack 5 is operating at medium to low loads, the air flow requirement is reduced, but the air compression ratio requirement is not changed, and it is still necessary to maintain a higher compression ratio. The air compressor 1 generates air with a compression ratio proportional to the flow rate, i.e. generates air with a higher compression ratio and a larger flow rate. At the moment, the flow of the compressed air generated by the compressor 1 is larger than the demand of the fuel cell stack 5, and the excess compressed air flows back, so that the compressor 1 surges, and the compressor 1 can be damaged and fails due to serious surge. If the scheme of reducing the diameter of the pressure wheel is adopted, the flow of the compressed air is reduced, so that the requirement of the fuel cell stack 5 on the air compression ratio during full-load operation cannot be met, and the power generation power of the fuel cell stack 5 is reduced. If excess compressed air is vented directly to the atmosphere, energy is wasted.

In addition, in the prior art, liquid water is separated out from the turboexpander 2 during the expansion work, which reduces the reliability of the system.

Therefore, the conventional technology has a problem that the full-load air compression ratio and the mid-low load surge phenomenon cannot be both satisfied. It would be desirable to develop a compressor and to apply such a compressor to air compressors and fuel cell devices to solve the problems of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a compressor, including the gas outlet of calming the anger, still include a coupling mechanism, a coupling mechanism with the gas outlet of calming the anger is connected, a coupling mechanism is configured to can flow through the gas reposition of redundant personnel of the gas outlet of calming the anger.

Further, the first connecting mechanism comprises a first pipeline which is communicated with the air compressing air outlet.

Further, the first pipeline comprises a first multi-way pipeline, and one interface of the first multi-way pipeline is communicated with the air compressing air outlet.

Further, the first connecting mechanism further comprises a control valve, and the control valve is connected with the first pipeline.

Further, the first connecting mechanism further comprises a control valve, and the control valve is connected with the first multi-way pipeline.

The application also provides an air compressor, including compressor and turbo expander, the compressor is including the gas outlet of calming anger, turbo expander includes the turbine air inlet, its characterized in that still includes a coupling mechanism, a coupling mechanism with the gas outlet of calming anger is connected, a coupling mechanism is configured to can flow through the gas reposition of redundant personnel of gas outlet of calming anger.

Further, the device also comprises a second connecting mechanism, and the second connecting mechanism is connected with the turbine air inlet.

Further, the first connecting mechanism is connected with the second connecting mechanism.

Further, the second connection mechanism is configured to receive the gas diverted by the first connection mechanism.

Further, the first connecting mechanism comprises a first pipeline, and the first pipeline is communicated with the air compressing air outlet.

Further, the first pipeline comprises a first multi-way pipeline, and one interface of the first multi-way pipeline is communicated with the air compression air outlet.

Further, the second connection mechanism includes a second conduit in communication with the turbine air inlet.

Further, the second duct includes a second multi-way duct, one of the interfaces of the second multi-way duct being in communication with the turbine air inlet.

Further, the first connecting mechanism comprises a first pipeline which is communicated with the air compressing air outlet; the second connecting mechanism comprises a second pipeline which is communicated with the turbine air inlet; the first pipeline is communicated with the second pipeline so as to realize the connection of the first connecting mechanism and the second connecting mechanism.

Further, the first pipeline comprises a first multi-way pipeline, and one interface of the first multi-way pipeline is communicated with the air compressing outlet; the second pipeline comprises a second multi-way pipeline, and one interface of the second multi-way pipeline is communicated with the turbine air inlet; the first multi-way pipeline is communicated with the second multi-way pipeline so as to realize the connection of the first connecting mechanism and the second connecting mechanism.

Further, still include the control valve, the control valve sets up in the first coupling mechanism with the junction of second coupling mechanism, the control valve is configured to control the UNICOM of first coupling mechanism with the second coupling mechanism.

Further, still include the control valve, the control valve sets up in the junction of first pipeline with the second pipeline, the control valve is configured to control the UNICOM of first pipeline with the second pipeline.

Further, still include the control valve, the control valve sets up in the first multi-way pipeline with the junction of second multi-way pipeline, the control valve is configured to control the UNICOM of first multi-way pipeline with the second multi-way pipeline.

The application also provides a fuel cell device, including fuel cell stack, motor, compressor and turbo expander, the motor is configured as the drive the compressor with turbo expander, the gas outlet of compressor with fuel cell stack connects, turbo expander's air inlet with fuel cell stack connects, its characterized in that, the compressor includes first coupling mechanism, turbo expander includes second coupling mechanism, first coupling mechanism with second coupling mechanism connects, still includes the control valve, the control valve set up in first coupling mechanism with second coupling mechanism's junction, the control valve is configured as control first coupling mechanism with second coupling mechanism's UNICOM.

The fuel cell system further comprises an intercooler, a humidifier and a dehumidifier, wherein the intercooler and the humidifier are arranged between the compressor and the fuel cell stack, and the dehumidifier is arranged between the fuel cell stack and the turboexpander.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following technical effects:

1. the technical scheme provided by the application can meet the requirement of the compression ratio under the maximum working load of the fuel cell device in a matched mode and adopts the large-diameter pressing wheel.

2. According to the technical scheme provided by the application, under the condition of low working load of the fuel cell device, a part of compressed air generated by the air compressor is led out, so that the effect of eliminating surge can be achieved.

3. The technical scheme that this application provided with in with partly compressed air by the compressor production leading-in to turbo expander, on the one hand can retrieve compressed air's energy, on the other hand can reduce turbo expander inside humidity, and then reduce or avoid the inside precipitation that produces liquid water of turbo expander, improve system reliability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic gas flow diagram of the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic gas flow diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings for clarity and understanding of technical contents. The present application may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the present application is not limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.

Example 1

The structure of this embodiment is shown in fig. 2. The embodiment comprises a compressor 1, a turboexpander 2 and a motor 3. The driving shaft of the motor 3 extends out of two sides, and the compressor 1 and the turbine expander 2 are both connected with the driving shaft of the motor 3, so that the motor 3 drives the compressor 1 and the turbine expander 2 simultaneously.

The compressor 1 has a compressed air outlet 11, and compressed air is formed inside the compressor 1 and is output from the compressed air outlet 11. In the prior art, a compressor 1 is connected with a fuel cell stack 5 through an air compression air outlet 11, and compressed air output from the air compression air outlet 11 enters the fuel cell stack after passing through an intercooler 6 and a humidifier 7 in sequence. However, when the fuel cell stack is operated at a low load, the amount of compressed air generated by the compressor 1 cannot be reduced to ensure a compression ratio, but the fuel cell stack cannot consume excessive compressed air to cause backflow surge. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a first connecting mechanism 12 is further provided at the puffer air outlet 11. The first connecting mechanism 12 is used for shunting a part of the gas flowing through the compressed gas outlet 11, but not guiding the whole gas into the fuel cell stack, so as to reduce or avoid the occurrence of surge and improve the stability of the system.

Specifically, the first connecting mechanism 12 is a pipe, and is communicated with the compressed air outlet 11 to achieve the effect of flow division. In the present embodiment, the first connecting means 12 is preferably a three-way pipe. The first connector 121 of the three-way pipeline is connected with the air compressing air outlet 11; the second interface 122 is connected with the fuel cell stack through an intercooler 6, a humidifier 7 and other devices; the third port 123 functions as a bypass to guide compressed air, which cannot be consumed by the fuel cell stack, to other locations. In other similar embodiments, the first connecting mechanism 12 may be other forms of multi-way pipes, which also satisfy the technical effect of splitting the compressed air.

In order to control the flow of the branched gas, the present embodiment is provided with a control valve 4 at the third port 123. The third port 123 is connected to one end of the control valve 4. When the fuel cell stack 5 is in the full load operating state, the compressed air does not need to be branched, and therefore the control valve 4 is closed. When the fuel cell stack 5 is in the medium-low load operation state, the control valve 4 is opened to achieve the flow dividing function of the first connection mechanism 12. The control valve 4 may also control the flow rate of the branched gas by realizing different opening degrees according to the degree of the operation load of the specific fuel cell stack 5. The opening adjustment of the valve 4 may be performed by an actuator, which may be an electric actuator or a pneumatic actuator.

In some embodiments, compressed air that cannot be consumed by the fuel cell stack 5 may be vented directly to the atmosphere. But in practice the diverted compressed air still has a certain pressure and kinetic energy. In view of energy recovery, in the present embodiment, it is preferable to design a connection structure to introduce the surplus compressed air into the turbo expander 2.

As shown in fig. 2, the turbo-expander 2 includes a turbine inlet 21. In the prior art, exhaust gas reacted by the fuel cell stack 5 enters the turboexpander 2 from the turbine inlet 21. A second connection mechanism 22 is also provided at the turbine inlet 21 in this embodiment. The second connection mechanism 22 functions to introduce the compressed air branched by the first connection mechanism 11 into the turbo-expander 2 to recover energy, further increasing the efficiency of the fuel cell apparatus. In fact, the compressed air diverted by the first connecting mechanism 11 not only has a certain pressure and kinetic energy, but also has a higher temperature, so that the water vapor saturation rate at the turbine air inlet 21 can be reduced, the problem of liquid water precipitation in the expansion work process in the turbo expander 2 can be reduced, and the system reliability can be improved while the efficiency of energy recovery of the turbo expander 2 is improved.

Specifically, the second connection mechanism 22 is a pipe, and is communicated with the turbine inlet 21. Preferably, in this embodiment, the second connection 22 is a tee. The first interface 221 of the three-way pipeline is connected with the turbine air inlet 21; the second interface 222 is connected with the air outlet of the fuel cell stack through the water-vapor separation device 8; the third port 223 is connected to one end of the valve 4. In some embodiments, the valve 4 is not provided, and the third port 223 of the second coupling mechanism 22 is connected with the third port 123 of the first coupling mechanism 12.

In this embodiment, the first connection mechanism 12 and the second connection mechanism 22 may be prefabricated components and are connected to the compressor 1 and the turboexpander 2 through matching interfaces; or the parts directly extending from the compressed air outlet 11 and the turbine inlet 21 can be respectively integrated with the shells of the compressor 1 and the turbine expander 2.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the flow direction of the gas applied to the fuel cell apparatus in the present embodiment, wherein the dashed arrows indicate the flow direction of the gas. The fuel cell apparatus includes a fuel cell stack 5, a motor 3, a compressor 1, and a turboexpander 2. After entering the compressor 1, the air forms compressed air through the compressor 1 and is divided by the first connecting mechanism 12. A part of the compressed air passes through the first connection mechanism 12, the intercooler 6, and the humidifier 7 in order, and enters the fuel cell stack 5. Another portion of the compressed air enters the turboexpander 2 sequentially through the first connection 12, the control valve 4, and the second connection 22 (shown in fig. 2). After a part of the compressed air entering the fuel cell stack 5 participates in the reaction of the fuel cell stack 5, the formed exhaust gas sequentially passes through the dehumidifier 8 and the second connecting structure 22 and enters the turbo-expander 2. In other similar embodiments, whether to use the control valve 4, the intercooler 6, the humidifier 7, and the dehumidifier 8 may be selected according to needs and actual conditions, and the position sequence of the intercooler 6 and the humidifier 7 may be adjusted appropriately.

The compressed air branched by the first connecting mechanism 12 has a high compression ratio and therefore has a certain kinetic energy, and is introduced into the turbo compressor 2 after being mixed with the exhaust gas having the same kinetic energy, which is advantageous for energy recovery and increases the operating efficiency of the fuel cell apparatus. Meanwhile, the compressed air shunted by the first connecting mechanism 12 has higher temperature, so that the humidity inside the turboexpander can be reduced, the precipitation of liquid water generated inside the turboexpander is further reduced or avoided, and the reliability of the system is improved.

The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present application has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concept. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the concepts of the present application should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. The gas compressor comprises a gas compression gas outlet and is characterized by further comprising a first connecting mechanism, wherein the first connecting mechanism is connected with the gas compression gas outlet, and the first connecting mechanism is configured to divide gas flowing through the gas compression gas outlet.

2. The compressor of claim 1, wherein said first connecting means comprises a first conduit in communication with said compressor exit.

3. The compressor of claim 2 wherein said first conduit comprises a first multi-way conduit, one of said first multi-way conduit ports communicating with said compressor outlet port.

4. The compressor of claim 2, wherein the first connection further comprises a control valve, the control valve being connected to the first conduit.

5. The compressor of claim 3, wherein the first connecting mechanism further comprises a control valve connected to the first multichannel tube.

6. The utility model provides an air compressor, includes compressor and turbo expander, the compressor includes the gas outlet of calming the anger, turbo expander includes the turbine air inlet, its characterized in that still includes a coupling mechanism, a coupling mechanism with the gas outlet of calming the anger is connected, a coupling mechanism is configured to can be with flowing through the gas reposition of redundant personnel of the gas outlet of calming the anger.

7. The air compressor of claim 6, further comprising a second connection mechanism, the second connection mechanism being connected to the turbine inlet.

8. The air compressor as recited in claim 7, wherein said first connecting means is connected to said second connecting means.

9. The air compressor of claim 8, wherein the second connection mechanism is configured to receive gas diverted by the first connection mechanism.

10. The air compressor of claim 9, wherein the first connecting means comprises a first conduit in communication with the compressor discharge port.

11. The air compressor of claim 10, wherein the first conduit comprises a first multi-way conduit, one of the ports of the first multi-way conduit being in communication with the compressor outlet port.

12. The air compressor as claimed in claim 9, wherein the second connection mechanism includes a second conduit in communication with the turbine inlet.

13. The air compressor as claimed in claim 12, wherein the second duct includes a second multi-way duct, one of the ports of the second multi-way duct being in communication with the turbine inlet.

14. The air compressor as recited in claim 8 wherein said first connecting means includes a first conduit in communication with said compressor discharge port; the second connecting mechanism comprises a second pipeline which is communicated with the turbine air inlet; the first pipeline is communicated with the second pipeline so as to realize the connection of the first connecting mechanism and the second connecting mechanism.

15. The air compressor as claimed in claim 14, wherein said first duct comprises a first multi-way duct, one of the ports of said first multi-way duct being in communication with said compressor discharge port; the second pipeline comprises a second multi-way pipeline, and one interface of the second multi-way pipeline is communicated with the turbine air inlet; the first multi-way pipeline is communicated with the second multi-way pipeline so as to realize the connection of the first connecting mechanism and the second connecting mechanism.

16. The air compressor of claim 8, further comprising a control valve disposed at a junction of the first connection and the second connection, the control valve configured to control communication of the first connection with the second connection.

17. The air compressor of claim 14, further comprising a control valve disposed at a junction of the first conduit and the second conduit, the control valve configured to control communication of the first conduit with the second conduit.

18. The air compressor of claim 15, further comprising a control valve disposed at a junction of the first and second multi-way conduits, the control valve configured to control communication of the first and second multi-way conduits.

19. A fuel cell device comprises a fuel cell stack, a motor, a compressor and a turboexpander, wherein the motor is configured to drive the compressor and the turboexpander, an air outlet of the compressor is connected with the fuel cell stack, and an air inlet of the turboexpander is connected with the fuel cell stack.

20. The fuel cell device according to claim 19, further comprising an intercooler, a humidifier, and a dehumidifier, the intercooler and the humidifier being disposed between the compressor and the fuel cell stack, the dehumidifier being disposed between the fuel cell stack and the turboexpander.