CN203406415U - Variable polarization panel antenna unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a variable polarization panel antenna unit which is formed by the slot coupling of a plurality of metal layers from the top to the bottom. From the top to the bottom, the topmost metal layer is a radiation-patch printing layer, and a radiation patch is printed on the surface of the printing layer; the second layer is an etching coupling slot; the third layer is micro-strip line feed-line network layer which is provided with a strip-shaped line feed-line network; and the fourth layer is a ground plate. The fourth layer, the second layer and the third layer form a strip-line transmission line. A U-shape groove provided by the utility model takes the arm length of an 'I' part as an adjusting variable, and the adjusting range of impedance is apparently increased. Through employing a dual-port feed mechanism, the degeneracy-mode field distribution of TM10 and TM01 is good in symmetry when antenna circular polarization works, and the circular-polarization orthogonal isolation is high. The strip-shaped line feed-line network is employed, thereby not only effectively reducing parasitic radiation and back reflection, but also being unlikely to increase the thickness of the profile of the panel antenna too much.

Description

Polarization plate aerial unit

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of plate aerial, especially a kind of broadband, polarization groove coupling multilayer plate aerial.

Background technology

In the measure of plate aerial improvement in performance, indices restricts often mutually, and for example adopting high dielectric constant substrate is one of direct efficient means of antenna miniaturization, however ε _rrising can cause again aerial radiation Q value to raise, frequency band narrows down.Therefore, during designing antenna, indices requirement be weigh, baseplate material, antenna structure, patch shape, feeding classification etc. conscientiously chosen.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: propose a kind of novel broadband, polarization groove coupling multilayer plate aerial unit.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of polarization plate aerial unit, by multiple layer metal layer from top to bottom groove be coupled to form; The metal level of the top-down the superiors is radiation patch printing layer, and radiation patch is printed on printing layer surface; The second layer is etching coupling slot; The 3rd layer is microstrip line feeder network layer, is provided with strip line feeder network on it; The 4th layer is ground plate, and described the 4th layer forms band line transmission line with second and third layer.

Antenna element of the present invention by with feedback mode at the bottom of line side feedback or coaxial probe by the electromagnetic wave of feed port feed-in, band line feeding network guides to band line terminal and forms the strength of voltage, along alignment source λ _gyou Daixian upper strata, strength ,/4 magnetic fields connects coupling slot magnetic coupling to antenna element, wherein λ _gfor medium wavelength in uniform dielectric band line; Aerial radiation paster is at two ends because wide microstrip line terminal truncation effect forms equivalent radiated power seam, and two pairs of opposite side are sewed on tangential electric field component and can be equivalent to two pairs of constant amplitude homophase magnetic current sources to space radiation, produce radiation field of aerial.

The mode of grooving of the coupling slot of the second layer of the present invention is etching U-shaped coupling slot; Adopt U-lag coupling feed, multi-layer sheet antenna structure, be similar in Circuit theory when the staggered tuning close coupling loop of employing, frequency band will broadening.The mode of grooving of the coupling slot of the second layer can also be rectangular channel, polygon groove, line segment groove, bowtie shaped slot or dumb-bell slot.Bowtie shaped slot be take each arm subtended angle α and is allocated as variable, dumb-bell slot is allocated with groove two terminal circle radius r, adjustable range is raying paster below spatial limitation to a great extent all, and U-lag is usingd " | " part brachium as regulated variable, and impedance allotment scope obviously increases.

Plate aerial of the present invention unit adopts two-terminal feeding, when a feed port feed-in microwave energy, when another port connects matched load, the dielectric resonant chamber being comprised of paster, ground plate and substrate has encouraged TM10 mould, at paster terminal equivalent radiated power seam with single linear polarization to space radiation microwave energy, two feed mouths feed-in simultaneously microwave energies, adopt the same coordinate system, dielectric resonant chamber underexcitation plays TM10, TM01 degenerate mode, controls two-port feed Amplitude-phase relation; Described antenna element can be realized respectively left-hand circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization.Adopt single-point feedback to realize circular polarization, additional discontinuous segment size, feed position that antenna polarization characteristics is introduced radiating element are very responsive, are unsuitable for Project Realization.And adopt two-terminal feeding structure of the present invention, and during the work of antenna circular polarization, TM10, the field distribution of TM01 degenerate mode have good symmetry, and circular polarization quadrature isolation is high.

Tradition microstrip antenna feeding network and radiation patch are printed on the same layer of dielectric-slab, and feeder line can produce parasitic radiation like this, and this becomes and do not allow to ignore at Ku wave band.The common measure that reduces microstrip line parasitic radiation is radiation patch, microstrip line feeder network to be printed on to the both sides on floor, brought like this another drawback to produce exactly microstrip line back reflection, a kind of improved measure is under microstrip line, to place reflecting plate (or the back of the body chamber), because the distance (or carrying on the back chamber thickness) of reflecting plate and microstrip line network place layer is generally λ ₀/ 4, this has increased the section size of plate aerial undoubtedly.The present invention adopts strip line feeding network structure, and the radiation patch of described radiation patch printing layer is apart from shape, has both effectively reduced parasitic radiation, back reflection, is unlikely to again too much to increase plate aerial sectional thickness.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the U-lag that the present invention provides is usingd " | " part brachium as regulated variable, impedance allotment scope obviously increases; Adopt two-terminal feeding structure, during the work of antenna circular polarization, TM10, the field distribution of TM01 degenerate mode have good symmetry, and circular polarization quadrature isolation is high; Adopt strip line feeding network structure, both effectively reduced parasitic radiation, back reflection, be unlikely to again too much to increase plate aerial sectional thickness.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.

Fig. 1 (a)～(b) is multi-layer groove coupling flat plate antenna structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 (a)～(e) is the common fluting form of groove coupled antenna;

Fig. 3 (a)～(b) for opening butterfly, dumb-bell slot multi-layer groove coupling plate aerial;

Fig. 4 is groove coupling multilayer plate aerial equivalent circuit diagram;

Fig. 5 is the coordinate system figure of paster antenna radiation field;

Fig. 6 (a) is that antenna pattern is with flute length change curve; (b) be that antenna radiation efficiency is with flute length change curve;

The antenna pattern that Fig. 7 (a) is another kind of value is with flute length change curve; (b) be that the antenna radiation efficiency of another kind of value is with flute length change curve;

Fig. 8 (a) is that S11 is with U-lag end minor matters length variations; (b) be that S12 is with U-lag end minor matters length variations;

Fig. 9 is that antenna pattern is with slotting position change curve.

Embodiment

The present invention is further detailed explanation with preferred embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings now.These accompanying drawings are the schematic diagram of simplification, basic structure of the present invention is only described in a schematic way, so it only show the formation relevant with the present invention.

A kind of polarization plate aerial unit as shown in Figure 1, by multiple layer metal layer from top to bottom groove be coupled to form; The metal level of the top-down the superiors is radiation patch printing layer, and radiation patch is printed on printing layer surface; The second layer is etching coupling slot; The 3rd layer is microstrip line feeder network layer, is provided with strip line feeder network on it; The 4th layer is ground plate, and described the 4th layer forms band line transmission line with second and third layer.

Coupling slot mode of grooving of the present invention, except outside simple rectangular channel, can have various ways, as shown in Fig. 2 (a)～(e), Fig. 3 (a) and (b) shown in be out bowtie shaped slot, dumb-bell slot.

For rectangular microstrip antenna, the length L value of paster is slightly smaller than λ _g/ 2, can be determined by following formula:

$L=0.5{\mathrm{\λ}}_g-2\mathrm{\ΔL}=\frac{c}{2f_r\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_e}}-2\mathrm{\ΔL}---\left(1\right)$

In formula: $\mathrm{\ΔL}=0.412h\frac{({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_e+0.3)(W/h+0.264)}{({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_e-0.258)(W/h+0.8)}$

Adopt medium wavelength in uniform dielectric band line

during antenna work, two groups of opposite side all likely produce effective radiating slot, therefore antenna patch is designed to square basic shape, the length of side all can be determined by formula (1).

Band line feeding network is got 50 Ω characteristic impedances, and different according to baseplate material, live width is determined by following formula:

$W=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}h(\frac{30\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_r}{Z}_0}-0.441)& \sqrt{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="r\; Z"\; filenames="DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000023.png,DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}}{Z}_{}{}_0<120\mathrm{\&Omega;}\\ h(0.85-\sqrt{0.6-(\frac{30\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\sqrt{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_r}{Z}_0}-0.441)})& \sqrt{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="r\; Z"\; filenames="DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000023.png,DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}}{Z}_{}{}_0>120\mathrm{\&Omega;}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

Slotting position should be positioned at from strip line end voltage maximum place along alignment source λ _gstrength ,/4 magnetic fields, note and end effect physical length are slightly less than λ _g/ 4.

Groove coupling multilayer plate aerial is because the equivalent radiated power seam place at rectangular radiation unit two ends produces electric field discontinuous segment, and open circuit place charge concentration has stored electric energy, and end effect is equivalent to an electric capacity.After considering the radiation in gap, micro-admittance of electricity of equivalence being led to G and susceptance jB parallel connection with radiation element two ends is connected on the two ends of microstrip transmission line, coupling place of self-magnetic field groove to antenna terminal equivalent electric circuit as shown in Figure 4:

Surface patch and transmission line model are combined, equivalent electric circuit shown in research Fig. 1 institute's representation model and Fig. 4, distributing point is in rectangular patch broadside on separated time during arbitrfary point, and on paster, the input impedance of distributing point place is:

$Z_1=\frac{1}{Y_0}{[\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="Z"\; filenames="DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000023.png,DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_0\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}{L}_1+j{Z}_w\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}{L}_1}{Z_w\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}{L}_1+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="j\; Z"\; filenames="DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000023.png,DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}{Z}_{}{}_0\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}{L}_1}+\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="Z"\; filenames="DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000023.png,DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_0\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}{L}_2+j{Z}_w\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}{L}_2}{Z_w\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}{L}_2+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="j\; Z"\; filenames="DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000023.png,DEST\_PATH\_HSB0000117148450000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}{Z}_{}{}_0\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}{L}_2}]}^{-1}---\left(3\right)$

In formula:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{Z}_w=\frac{1}{Y_w}=\frac{1}{G_w+j{B}_w}\\ G_w=0.0083W/{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_0\\ B_w=0.01668\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;L}}{h}\frac{W}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_0}{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_e\\ {\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_e=\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_r+1}{2}+\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_r-1}{2}{(1+\frac{12h}{W})}^{-1/2}\\ \frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;L}}{h}=0.412\frac{({\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_e+0.3)(W/h+0.264)}{({\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_e-0.258)(W/h+0.8)}\\ W=L\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

Band line terminal is to coupling slot, and U-lag to the coupling effect of rectangular patch can be respectively with a lump capacitive reactance X _c1, X _c2represent, like this, 50 Ω characteristic impedance band line terminal input admittances are:

$Y_{\mathrm{in}}=\frac{1}{Z_1}+j(X_{C1}+X_{C2})---\left(5\right)$

As two radiating slots of rectangular patch antenna in Fig. 5 can be equivalent to only have component in the y-direction and with the irrelevant magnetic current of x component, each radiating slot equivalent magnetic current density is

for whole rectangular patch, the radiological equivalent of antenna is the radiation of binary seam battle array, and the radiation field of antenna can be determined by following formula:

In formula

$A=-j\frac{2\mathrm{VW}}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}{r}^{\&prime;}}{e}^{-j{k}_0{r}^{\&prime;}},$ R ' is the distance of showing up a little in micro strip center.Obtain thus antenna pattern function:

? time H face directional diagram with time E face directional diagram be:

The half-power angle width of antenna main lobe can be similar to by following formula and calculate:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{2\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{0.5E}={2\cos }^{-1}{\left[\frac{1}{2(1+\frac{\mathrm{\&beta;L}}{2})}\right]}^{1/2}\\ {2\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{0.5H}={2\cos }^{-1}{\left[\frac{7.03}{(3{\mathrm{\&beta;}}^2{L}^2+{\mathrm{\&beta;}}^2{h}^2)}\right]}^{1/2}\end{array}\right.---\left(9\right)$

Easily obtaining directivity of antenna is: $D=\frac{8L^2{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^2}{{\&Integral;}_0^{2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{\sin }^2\left(\frac{\mathrm{\&beta;}L\cos \mathrm{\&theta;}}{2}\right){\tan }^2\mathrm{\&theta;}\sin \mathrm{\&theta;d\&theta;}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^2}---\left(10\right)$

Each laminar substrate of the antenna of multi-layer sheet shown in Fig. 1 is chosen for: top layer plate DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε _r=2.3, thickness h ₁=0.5mm, dielectric loss tg δ=0.0013, lower two layers plate DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε _r=2.65, thickness h ₂=h ₃=0.8mm, dielectric loss tg δ=0.0025, substrate size 30mm * 30mm, patch size 6.9mm * 6.9mm.Antenna one port connects feed, and another port connects matched load, is operated in horizontal polarization mode.

The radiation efficiency of ground plate U-lag groove width, "-" part flute length major effect groove coupling plate aerial on band line, antenna E face directional diagram and radiation efficiency calculated curve when Fig. 6,7 provides two variablees and gets different value.

Coupling slot flute length is little on the impact of radiation pattern, radiation efficiency as seen from Figure 6, and this also illustrates due to the constraint guiding function to microwave energy with line, energy mainly at band line around by the U-lag coupling that makes progress.When Fig. 7 shows that groove width is got different value, antenna radiation efficiency conversion fluctuation is larger, simultaneously antenna directivity, main radiation direction max gain change are obvious, the gain of oversized slots Wide antenna main radiation direction declines on the contrary, this is mainly due to the increase along with groove width, U-lag produces distortion along vertical channel long side direction electric field, can not regard definite value as, and then cause paster antenna equivalent magnetic current radiation source to distort, affect radiation pattern.

On strip line, ground plate U-lag " | " part is matching properties as the input impedance of terminal open circuit allotment minor matters major effect antenna, according to the periodic structure with line, its length should be got and is less than a medium wavelength, antenna single port S calculation of parameter curve when Fig. 8 provides U-lag " | " part and gets different length value.Can find out that the increase resonance frequency along with U-lag " | " part minor matters length reduces, Fig. 8 (b) shows the port isolation characteristic having had by groove coupling multilayer plate aerial two input ports of this conceptual design simultaneously.

Crack position be antenna to carry out groove coupling place be the principal element that affects antenna pattern, Fig. 9 provides U-lag slotting position fed_poi and paster centre distance antenna E face patterns calculating curve while changing.Can find out, the directivity that during the close paster of fluting center, antenna has had, along with slotting position departs from paster center, antenna main radiation direction departs from θ=0 °, gain also decreases, and this mainly comes from slots while being positioned at center, and two radiating slot positions are symmetrical, from groove coupling place, enter apparent impedance identical, radiation patch two ends equivalent magnetic current source width has high consistency mutually.

While adopting strip line as feeding network and traditional microstrip line (feeder network and radiation patch are in both sides, floor) feed, antenna element lower half-space back lobe antenna pattern is chosen coordinate system and is made θ=90 ° under antenna.Adopt traditional feed microstrip line mode, antenna backward radiation is comparatively obvious, for the strip line feed structure providing herein, although because antenna substrate size is limited, still have portion of energy from dielectric-slab edge radiation formation back lobe, but antenna back lobe obviously reduces, can effectively reduce back reflection effect.

Just the specific embodiment of the present invention of describing in above specification, various not illustrating is construed as limiting flesh and blood of the present invention, person of an ordinary skill in the technical field read after specification can to before described embodiment make an amendment or be out of shape, and do not deviate from essence of an invention and scope.

Claims (6)

1. a polarization plate aerial unit, is characterized in that: by multiple layer metal layer from top to bottom groove be coupled to form; The metal level of the top-down the superiors is radiation patch printing layer, and radiation patch is printed on printing layer surface; The second layer is etching coupling slot; The 3rd layer is microstrip line feeder network layer, is provided with strip line feeder network on it; The 4th layer is ground plate, and described the 4th layer forms band line transmission line with second and third layer.

2. polarization plate aerial as claimed in claim 1 unit, is characterized in that: the mode of grooving of the coupling slot of the described second layer is etching U-shaped coupling slot.

3. polarization plate aerial as claimed in claim 1 unit, is characterized in that: the mode of grooving of the coupling slot of the described second layer also comprises rectangular channel, polygon groove, line segment groove, bowtie shaped slot or dumb-bell slot.

4. polarization plate aerial as claimed in claim 1 unit, it is characterized in that: described antenna element by with feedback mode at the bottom of line side feedback or coaxial probe by the electromagnetic wave of feed port feed-in, band line feeding network guides to band line terminal and forms the strength of voltage, along alignment source λ _gyou Daixian upper strata, strength ,/4 magnetic fields connects coupling slot magnetic coupling to antenna element, wherein λ _gfor medium wavelength in uniform dielectric band line; Aerial radiation paster is at two ends because wide microstrip line terminal truncation effect forms equivalent radiated power seam, and two pairs of opposite side are sewed on tangential electric field component and can be equivalent to two pairs of constant amplitude homophase magnetic current sources to space radiation, produce radiation field of aerial.

5. polarization plate aerial as claimed in claim 4 unit, it is characterized in that: described plate aerial unit adopts two-terminal feeding, when a feed port feed-in microwave energy, when another port connects matched load, the dielectric resonant chamber being comprised of paster, ground plate and substrate has encouraged TM10 mould, at paster terminal equivalent radiated power, stitch with single linear polarization to space radiation microwave energy, two feed mouths feed-in simultaneously microwave energy, adopt the same coordinate system, dielectric resonant chamber underexcitation plays TM10, TM01 degenerate mode, controls two-port feed Amplitude-phase relation; Described antenna element can be realized respectively left-hand circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization.

6. polarization plate aerial as claimed in claim 1 unit, is characterized in that: the radiation patch of described radiation patch printing layer is apart from shape.

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