CN203339920U - Two-phase brushless direct-current motor - Google Patents
Two-phase brushless direct-current motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN203339920U CN203339920U CN2013202405732U CN201320240573U CN203339920U CN 203339920 U CN203339920 U CN 203339920U CN 2013202405732 U CN2013202405732 U CN 2013202405732U CN 201320240573 U CN201320240573 U CN 201320240573U CN 203339920 U CN203339920 U CN 203339920U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a two-phase brushless direct-current motor, which comprises a motor rotor and a motor stator. The inner side surface of the motor rotor is fixedly provided with a plurality of N-pole permanent magnets and S-pole permanent magnets. The N-pole permanent magnets and the S-pole permanent magnets are alternately arranged. The motor stator is provided with A-phase stator teeth and B-phase stator teeth which are arranged in a mutually staggered way. Coils are wound on the A-phase stator teeth and the B-phase stator teeth to form an A-phase winding and a B-phase winding. The A-phase winding and the B-phase winding are connected with a drive control circuit. The drive control circuit comprises a sawtooth wave generation unit, a current detection unit, a current limiting unit, a temperature detection unit, a driving unit, and a half-bridge inversion unit. The drive circuit of the brushless motor is only composed of two power tubes, a few resistors, capacitance discrete elements, and an integrated operational amplifier. Multiple functions including motor commutating, soft starting, over-current protecting, automatic speed regulating with temperature changes, etc. are achieved. The two-phase brushless direct-current motor has a simple circuit structure. The power consumption and the cost of a direct-current brushless temperature-control fan can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the electric machines control technology field, specifically two-phase half-wave brshless DC motor.
Background technology
Fan is widely used in the ventilation and heat field, as the household electric fan, and computer to dissipate heat fan, automobile engine heat radiation fan.The product such as computer, automobile engine is along with its power consumption of lifting of performance also is accompanied by rising, the higher heat of corresponding generation, these equipment are often due to the reason of structure and environment for use, can't rely on self-radiating, cause temperature to rise, thereby affect performance and the useful life of properties of product, at this moment just need fan to carry out forced heat radiation.
The caloric value of equipment is determined by the operating state of equipment, the state difference, and load is different, the caloric value difference.Caloric value and radiating rate reach a poised state, can holding temperature stable.While not having fan to be forced heat radiation, the equipment speed of space heat elimination towards periphery is almost certain, the equipment heating amount is not fixed, when working in higher load condition, caloric value rises, and needs to improve rotation speed of the fan to improve radiating rate, when equipment works in low load condition, rotation speed of the fan is too high to have little significance to heat radiation, and the power consumption rising, at this moment needs to reduce rotation speed of the fan to save electric energy.
Two-phase brushless DC motor configurations and single-phase similar, but operational mode difference, single-phase brushless direct-current motor only has a winding, adopt H bridge all-wave to drive, two phase brushless DC motors adopt the operation of two-phase half-wave, and inverter circuit only consists of two power tubes, than single-phase H bridge, save two power tubes, cost is lower, and drive circuit is simple.Two phase brushless DC motors are used the asymmetrical airgaps structure that cogging torque zero point and electromagnetic torque are staggered zero point, and motor obtains the self-starting ability.The starting torque of two-phase brushless electric machine is less, is suitable for very much the low starting torque load of this class of fan.
Temperature-controlled fan is in the market used two kinds of modes of speed regulation usually, one class adopts external general purpose controller change motor supply power voltage to carry out speed governing, and the motor controlling integrated circuit of another kind of employing special use produces the temperature variant PWM ripple of duty ratio and carries out electric machine speed regulation.External controller needs extra installing space, and power consumption own is also larger, and cost is higher to adopt the motor special control chip, is difficult for marketing.
Along with industrial expansion, the consumption of the energy is increasing, the energy-saving and cost-reducing market common recognition that become of product, and the use amount of radiator fan is very big, and the energy equivalence of consumption is considerable.Automatically regulate the rotating speed of fan according to the height of device temperature and realize temperature control, not only can keep the substantially constant of equipment working temperature, and can reduce noise, energy savings, the useful life of prolongation radiator fan.The control circuit complexity of existing temperature-controlled fan, universal or special control chip price used is higher, has limited the marketing of temperature-controlled fan, so a kind of temperature-controlled fan with low cost, that power consumption is lower of development and Design is significant.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of two phase brushless DC motors of a kind of low cost, low-power consumption, has simplified greatly the circuit structure of temperature-controlled fan, has reduced the cost of temperature-controlled fan.
In order to reach above-mentioned target, the technical solution of the utility model is:
A kind of two phase brushless DC motors, comprise rotor, motor stator, the rotor medial surface is fixed with a plurality of N utmost point permanent magnets and S utmost point permanent magnet, N utmost point permanent magnet and S utmost point permanent magnet are arranged alternately, motor stator is provided with A phase stator tooth and the B phase stator tooth mutually staggered, all be wound with coil on A phase stator tooth and B phase stator tooth and form A phase winding and B phase winding, the A phase winding is connected Drive and Control Circuit with the B phase winding, and Drive and Control Circuit comprises:
The sawtooth waveforms generating unit, for generation of sawtooth waveforms, output is connected in amplifier one end under saturated;
The soft start unit, for generation of ramp signal, realize the soft start of motor;
Current detecting unit, detect winding current, and output connects the current limliting unit;
The current limliting unit, relatively motor winding current and current limit, exceed the limit value PWM ripple that PWM generating unit generation duty ratio is zero;
Temperature detecting unit, the testing environment temperature, output signal connects the PWM generating unit;
Driver element, comprehensive pwm signal and commutation signal, realize that the switch of power tube is controlled;
The semi-bridge inversion unit, realize the controlled power supply to motor two phase windings;
Hall element, be placed on circuit board outer shroud side face, the position of geometrical neutral line between stator tooth, and the variation in order to the detection rotor magnetic pole, provide commutation signal.
Described temperature detecting unit comprises resistance R 1, capacitor C 1 and thermistor NTC, resistance R 1 and the thermistor NTC bleeder circuit of connecting in series, and it is upper that capacitor C 1 is connected in parallel on thermistor NTC, and voltage VCC is capacitor C 1 charging.
Described current detecting unit comprises sampling resistor Rs, and sampling resistor Rs output connects the current limliting unit.
The two ends of described A phase winding and B phase winding all are parallel with the RC absorbing circuit, for winding provides continuous current circuit.
The drive circuit of two-phase half-wave DC brushless electric machine of the present utility model is only by two power tubes; a few resistance, electric capacity discrete component and a slice integrated operational amplifier form; realize commutation, soft start, the overcurrent protection of motor and varied with temperature the several functions such as automatic speed regulation; circuit structure is simple; low in energy consumption; cost is low, effectively reduces brush DC temperature-controlled fan power consumption and cost.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is four utmost point two phase brushless DC motor schematic diagrames.
Fig. 2 is temperature-controlled fan main loop circuit figure.
Fig. 3 is circuit block diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is the concrete implementing circuit of the utility model.
Embodiment
Radiator fan drives two phase brushless DC motors of use generally to adopt outer-rotor structure, the two-phase independent winding is arranged, as shown in Figure 1, the yoke of rotor 11 directly is placed in the wind wheel die cavity, the rotation of drive wind wheel, motor stator 12 is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, comprises the winding on insulation coil holder and winding insulation coil holder; N utmost point permanent magnet 13, S utmost point permanent magnet 14, magnetic pole is at the rotor yoke medial surface, and N, the S utmost point are alternately placed; The present embodiment is four utmost point two phase brushless DC motors, and motor stator 12 is provided with A phase stator tooth and the B phase stator tooth mutually staggered, and all is wound with coil 15 on A phase stator tooth and B phase stator tooth and forms A phase winding and B phase winding.Two phase windings of motor are connected with two power MOSFET tubes respectively, the A phase winding is connected with power MOSFET tube Q6, the B phase winding is connected with power MOSFET tube Q7, the two-phase half-wave inverter circuit formed thus only needs two switching tubes, compare with the H bridge inverter circuit, saved the switching tube of half, reduced cost, because switching tube quantity is few, reduced the power consumption of switching tube simultaneously.Power MOSFET tube is P channel metal-oxide field effect transistor, and P type MOSFET, compare PNP transistor, and power is higher, can drive the fan of relatively high power.
Each only has a phase winding energising constantly two phase brushless DC motors, and another phase winding is unsettled.Hall element is that the phase change logic circuit improves commutation signal, when the rotor magnetic pole center line overlaps with the center line of stator tooth, start commutation, the requirement that turns to according to motor, disconnect the power MOSFET tube of conducting, stop corresponding windings power supply, another power tube of conducting, to another winding power supply, realize the continuous operation of motor.As shown in Figure 2; the winding two ends of motor are the RC absorbing circuit be comprised of resistance R 6, capacitor C 7 and resistance R 7, capacitor C 8 in parallel respectively; for the winding current of stopping power supply provides continuous current circuit, suppress the peak voltage produced in commutation process, the protection power MOSFET tube.
As shown in Figure 3, be the circuit block diagram of temperature-controlled fan.Saw-toothed wave generator is an auto-excitation type signal generator consisted of operational amplifier, produces the certain sawtooth waveforms of frequency.The winding resistance of motor is generally less, and during direct-on-line starting, starting current is larger, easily burns out motor.For improving the fan reliability, and life-saving, soft starting circuit designed.Soft starting circuit is the RC circuit, and during starting, the voltage signal that the output of RC circuit is risen gradually, after signal synthesis, compare with sawtooth waveforms, produces the PWM ripple that duty ratio rises gradually, reduced the excessive impact to motor of starting current.After having started, soft starting circuit no longer plays a role.Output signal in Fig. 3 drives signal 1 and drives signal 2 to output to respectively two corresponding power MOSFET tubes, the turn-on and turn-off of power ratio control pipe, thus realize the automatic control of temperature, current limliting and the soft start of motor.
Thermistor is realized the sampling to ambient temperature, and temperature detecting unit is exported temperature variant voltage signal according to the difference of temperature.The voltage signal of reaction temperature and sawtooth waveforms relatively, produce the PWM ripple of corresponding duty ratio.In order to simplify circuit, reduce the quantity of components and parts, use the Hall element that two signal output parts are arranged.The two-way that the PWM ripple provides with Hall element react the hall signal of motor rotor position comprehensive after, control conducting and the shutoff of corresponding power MOSFET pipe, to improve or to reduce the rotating speed of motor, realize the automatic control of temperature.
In Fig. 4, resistance R 1, capacitor C 1 have formed soft starting circuit and temperature sensing circuit with thermistor NTC.During starting, voltage VCC is capacitor C 1 charging, and capacitor C 1 both end voltage rises gradually, after stable, resistance R 1 bleeder circuit of connecting with thermistor NTC formation, thermistor NTC electrical resistance temperature and becoming, under different temperatures, get different voltage, produce the PWM ripple of different duty.
When motor rotation blockage, can flow through larger electric current on winding, as cut off the electricity supply not in time, can make motor overheating damage.Designed the current limliting unit for this reason, at the motor main circuit stator winding current sampling resistor Rs that connected, sample rate current signal input current limliting unit, with the maximum current set point, compare, when the motor winding current surpasses the setting lowest high-current value, current limliting unit output low level signal, block the output of PWM ripple, stops the power supply to motor.The current value ratio integrated operational amplifier that carries out that the current limliting unit is used is LM339.
All circuit only is comprised of the minority discrete component, greatly reduces the cost of temperature-controlled fan.
Claims (4)
1. a phase brushless DC motor, it is characterized in that, comprise rotor (11), motor stator (12), rotor (11) medial surface is fixed with a plurality of N utmost point permanent magnets (13) and S utmost point permanent magnet (14), N utmost point permanent magnet (13) and S utmost point permanent magnet (14) are arranged alternately, motor stator (12) is provided with A phase stator tooth and the B phase stator tooth mutually staggered, all be wound with coil (15) on A phase stator tooth and B phase stator tooth and form A phase winding and B phase winding, the A phase winding is connected Drive and Control Circuit with the B phase winding, and Drive and Control Circuit comprises:
The sawtooth waveforms generating unit, for generation of sawtooth waveforms, output is connected in amplifier one end under saturated;
The soft start unit, for generation of ramp signal, realize the soft start of motor;
Current detecting unit, detect winding current, and output connects the current limliting unit;
The current limliting unit, relatively motor winding current and current limit, exceed the limit value PWM ripple that PWM generating unit generation duty ratio is zero;
Temperature detecting unit, the testing environment temperature, output signal connects the PWM generating unit;
Driver element, comprehensive pwm signal and commutation signal, realize that the switch of power tube is controlled;
The semi-bridge inversion unit, realize the controlled power supply to motor two phase windings;
Hall element, be placed on circuit board outer shroud side face, the position of geometrical neutral line between stator tooth, and the variation in order to the detection rotor magnetic pole, provide commutation signal.
2. a kind of two phase brushless DC motors according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described temperature detecting unit comprises resistance R 1, capacitor C 1 and thermistor NTC, resistance R 1 and the thermistor NTC bleeder circuit of connecting in series, it is upper that capacitor C 1 is connected in parallel on thermistor NTC, and voltage VCC is capacitor C 1 charging.
3. a kind of two phase brushless DC motors according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described current detecting unit comprises sampling resistor Rs, and sampling resistor Rs output connects the current limliting unit.
4. a kind of two phase brushless DC motors according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the two ends of described A phase winding and B phase winding all are parallel with the RC absorbing circuit, for winding provides continuous current circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013202405732U CN203339920U (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2013-05-06 | Two-phase brushless direct-current motor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013202405732U CN203339920U (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2013-05-06 | Two-phase brushless direct-current motor |
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| CN203339920U true CN203339920U (en) | 2013-12-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2013202405732U Expired - Fee Related CN203339920U (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2013-05-06 | Two-phase brushless direct-current motor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103269143A (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2013-08-28 | 德清县金宇达电气有限公司 | Two-phase brushless direct current motor |
| CN108900134A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-27 | 浙江东方机电有限公司 | The control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor and method of high-precision control |
-
2013
- 2013-05-06 CN CN2013202405732U patent/CN203339920U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103269143A (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2013-08-28 | 德清县金宇达电气有限公司 | Two-phase brushless direct current motor |
| CN108900134A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-27 | 浙江东方机电有限公司 | The control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor and method of high-precision control |
| CN108900134B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-10-30 | 浙江东方机电有限公司 | High-precision control system and method for permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131211 Termination date: 20170506 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |