CN203324208U - Suspended device for testing early-age thermal expansion coefficient of concrete - Google Patents
Suspended device for testing early-age thermal expansion coefficient of concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN203324208U CN203324208U CN2013203513503U CN201320351350U CN203324208U CN 203324208 U CN203324208 U CN 203324208U CN 2013203513503 U CN2013203513503 U CN 2013203513503U CN 201320351350 U CN201320351350 U CN 201320351350U CN 203324208 U CN203324208 U CN 203324208U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- thermal expansion
- expansion coefficient
- early
- length
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn - After Issue
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a suspended device for testing the early-age thermal expansion coefficient of concrete. The suspended device comprises detachable rectangular molds which are positioned inside an experiment box, wherein an upper opening is formed in the experiment box; the experiment box is internally provided with an electric furnace for heating concrete test blocks in the detachable rectangular molds; a suspending frame is positioned above the experiment box; the detachable rectangular molds are suspended on the suspending frame through a plurality of ropes; a static strain testing system is connected with the concrete test blocks in the detachable rectangular molds through thermocouple wires; two ends of each concrete test block are respectively propped by two displacement sensor test heads. A series of problems caused by low strength and low elasticity modulus of early-age concrete are solved; the concrete test blocks can be prevented from being in complete contact with a support surface in the length direction, so that the upper and lower bottom surfaces as well as the front and back side surfaces of the concrete test blocks can be heated uniformly, the concrete can deform freely and the influences of heavy gravity are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of suspension type concrete thermal expansion coefficient testing device in length of time morning.
Background technology
Thermal expansion coefficient of early-age concrete test maximum difficult point be to overcome that early-age concrete intensity is low, the low series of problems brought of elastic modulus.Early-age concrete intensity is low, slightly collides with and just easily causes the piece that falls on surface, and larger can causing when stressed destroyed fracture.In addition, the low concrete that just makes of elastic modulus is at stressed hour generation moderate finite deformation, and the fresh concrete of the certain altitude of banking up just can not be ignored the impact of gravity, and template frictional resistance also can make early-age concrete produce additional deformation.
The method of Present Domestic external pelivimetry thermal expansion coefficient of concrete can be divided into two large classes by the concrete modes of emplacement: transverse horizontal laying method and standing to laying method.Yet these two kinds of methods are all for matured concrete, can cause larger error if be directly used in the measurement of thermal expansivity in length of time early, below set forth respectively.
1, transverse horizontal laying method: the transverse horizontal laying method is directly concrete to be placed on the ground, for measuring thermal expansion coefficient of early-age concrete, following 2 deficiencies are arranged: (1) early-age concrete modulus is lower, be vulnerable to contact surface constraints, the concrete temperature distortion is controlled; (2) if bottom surface directly contacts with ground, end face directly contacts with air with side, be subject to hot mode generation relatively big difference by what make bottom surface and other face, will cause the concrete integral body inequality of being heated, cause the most at last the uneven or upper bottom surface of concrete bulk deformation to produce internal stress.Although many scholars carried out improvement for the transverse horizontal laying method, the inequality that reduces friction as far as possible and be heated, fundamentally do not address the above problem, and the temperature Free Transform still suffers restraints.
2, stand to laying method: though stand to laying method, can avoid length direction to be subject to the inequality of being heated of contact surface constraints and length direction, but, because the intensity of early-age concrete is low, elastic modulus is low, the impact of the concrete self gravitation of certain altitude just can not be ignored.In addition, if measurement too early also will cause gravity settling, even concrete slump.
The utility model content
In order to overcome existing transverse horizontal laying method and to found the drawback to laying method, technical problem to be solved in the utility model be to provide a kind of suspension type concrete that not only can avoid surface of contact friction force but also can avoid gravity effect early the length of time thermal expansion coefficient testing device.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the utility model is: a kind of suspension type concrete thermal expansion coefficient testing device in length of time morning, comprise removable rectangular mould, experimental box, suspension bracket, static strain testing system and two displacement transducers, described removable rectangular mould is positioned at experimental box, described experimental box is provided with upper shed, be provided with the electric furnace that test block is heated to removable rectangular mould inner concrete in described experimental box, described suspension bracket is positioned at the experimental box top, described removable rectangular mould is suspended on suspension bracket by some ropes, described static strain testing system is connected with the concrete test block in removable rectangular mould by thermocouple wire, described two displacement transducer gauge heads withstand on respectively the concrete test block two ends.
Further, two displacement transducers are positioned at outside experimental box, and described experimental box both sides offer respectively for stretching into the exploration hole of displacement transducer gauge head.
Further, early the length of time, thermal expansion coefficient testing device was positioned over the air conditioning labor that temperature constant is 20 ℃ to described suspension type concrete.
Further, the bottom in described experimental box is symmetrically arranged with two electric fans, between the inherent electric furnace of described experimental box and concrete test block, is provided with dividing plate.
Further, described experimental box is the iron case surrounded by four iron plates, between two relative iron plates, by threaded iron and nut, interconnects.
Further, described removable rectangular mould is comprised of the rectangular plastic piece of several different lengths and four aluminum strips, and four aluminum strips are fixedly connected with each rectangular plastic piece with nut by bolt.
Further, four sides in described removable rectangular mould are respectively arranged with one deck tagger.
Further, described tagger surface is provided with thin film.
Further, be provided with a fritter sheet iron on described film, be provided with one piece on described sheet iron and make sheet iron and concrete test block shape all-in-one-piece coin, the gauge head immediate roof of described displacement transducer is on sheet iron.
Further, described static strain testing system adopts the DH3816 static strain testing system, and described displacement transducer adopts the LVDT displacement transducer.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following beneficial effect: (1) is avoided with supporting surface, contacting fully on the concrete test block length direction, has avoided the large tracts of land friction of concrete test block and mould; (2) guarantee that each face of concrete test block is heated evenly, concrete free deformation; (3) the heavy real impact of concrete under gravity is dropped to minimum; (4) can use large particle diameter coarse aggregate, be applicable to the bad concrete of dry concrete or workability; (5) robotization continuous acquisition, precision is high.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in more detail.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The front view that Fig. 1 is the utility model embodiment.
The vertical view that Fig. 2 is the utility model embodiment.
The cut-open view that Fig. 3 is A-A place in Fig. 2.
The cut-open view that Fig. 4 is B-B place in Fig. 2.
In figure: the removable rectangular mould of 1-, 2-experimental box, 3-suspension bracket, 4-displacement transducer, 5-rope, 6-concrete test block, 7-electric furnace, 8-thermocouple wire, the threaded iron of 9-, 10-wooden case, 11-electric fan, 12-dividing plate.
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 4, a kind of suspension type concrete thermal expansion coefficient testing device in length of time morning, comprise removable rectangular mould 1, experimental box 2, suspension bracket 3, static strain testing system and two displacement transducers 4, described removable rectangular mould 1 is positioned at experimental box 2, described experimental box 2 is provided with upper shed, be provided with the electric furnace 7 that removable rectangular mould 1 inner concrete test block 6 is heated in described experimental box 2, described suspension bracket 3 is positioned at experimental box 2 tops and two ends are supported by back-up block by wooden case 10 respectively, described removable rectangular mould 1 is suspended on suspension bracket 3 by some ropes 5, described static strain testing system is connected with the concrete test block 6 in removable rectangular mould 1 by thermocouple wire 8, described two displacement transducers 4 are installed on respectively on two wooden cases 10, described two displacement transducer 4 gauge heads withstand on respectively concrete test block 6 two ends.
In the present embodiment, described removable rectangular mould 1 is comprised of the rectangular plastic piece of several different lengths and four aluminum strips, mould after four aluminum strips are fixedly connected with each rectangular plastic piece with nut by bolt is the same with Standard Module, be applicable to dry concrete, mould also meets the requirement of maximum particle diameter simultaneously, and the Forming Quality of road concrete can be fully guaranteed.Each rectangular plastic piece can be cut and be obtained by the standard plastic template of 100mm * 100mm * 400mm, and each rectangular plastic piece is stitched together and forms the rectangle template of 100mm * 100mm * 500mm; In order to fix each rectangular plastic piece, bore circular hole on four limits of each rectangular plastic piece, bore circular hole at four aluminum strips on the position corresponding to every each circular hole of rectangular plastic piece simultaneously.During use, the aluminum strip circular hole is aimed at each each circular hole of rectangular plastic piece, and tightened through circular hole and nut with bolt; During form removal, first nut, bolt are unclamped, remove aluminum strip, and get rid of the rectangular plastic piece that 6 suspentions are not supported as concrete test block.
In the present embodiment, for can rapid temperature rise and drop, described experimental box 2 is to be surrounded the iron case of 600mm * 600mm * 800mm by four iron plates, between two relative iron plates, by threaded iron 9 and nut, interconnect, can regulate the iron plate position by regulating nut, and then can be adjusted device according to sample dimensions.
In the present embodiment, in order to gather concrete internal temperature, described static strain testing system adopts the research and development DH3816 of Jingjiang east magnificent measuring technology development corporation, Ltd. static strain testing system, and acquisition precision is 0.1 ℃; The deflection shunk in order to measure concrete expansion, the W-DCD2 type LVDT displacement transducer that described displacement transducer 4 adopts Hefei ,Anhui high noninvasive sensor company limited to produce, measuring accuracy is 0.02 μ m.
In the present embodiment, in order to eliminate the impact of displacement transducer 4 self temperature deformation, early the length of time, thermal expansion coefficient testing device was positioned over the air conditioning labor that temperature constant is 20 ℃ to described suspension type concrete, and two displacement transducers 4 are at every moment in constant temperature; Avoid the impact of the inner rapid temperature rise and drop of iron case in order to make displacement transducer 4, two displacement transducers 4 are positioned over outside experimental box 2, described experimental box 2 both sides offer respectively for stretching into the exploration hole of displacement transducer 4 gauge heads, and displacement transducer 4 gauge heads can be measured the concrete temperature distortion by exploration hole.
In the present embodiment, even in order to guarantee heating and cooling, the bottom in described experimental box 2 is symmetrically arranged with two electric fans 11, and the preferential oscillating fan that adopts of described electric fan 11, guarantee iron case inner air flow, reaches the purpose of even intensification, uniform decrease in temperature.In order to prevent concrete local heating, be provided with dividing plate 12 between the inherent electric furnace 7 of described experimental box 2 and concrete test block 6, the lower-cost cardboard of the preferential employing of described dividing plate, guaranteed concrete test block 6 thermally equivalents.
In the present embodiment, in order to eliminate the side direction friction resistance of mould to early-age concrete, four sides in described removable rectangular mould 1 are fixed with one deck tagger by transparent adhesive tape respectively, Deng after concrete test block 6 suspentions, tagger is extracted out, just stay space so between concrete and removable rectangular mould 1, concrete just completely cuts off and comes with removable rectangular mould 1 like this, in complete free deformation.
In the present embodiment, in order to eliminate early dry impact of shrinking in the length of time, described tagger surface is equipped with thin film, after pumping Deng tagger, film just is attached on concrete tightly, plays the concrete effect of sealing, and another effect of film is exactly the loss that prevents grout, because the removable rectangular mould 1 of splicing is always stayed a gap in splicing place, film just in time can make rectangular mold tightly seamless.Whole film is spliced by two ends two fritters and middle a bulk of film, makes whole film cover on rectangular mold, and seam touch with transparent adhesive tape, does not allow cement slurry run off.
In the present embodiment, in order to make displacement transducer 4 gauge heads, directly measure concrete, described removable rectangular mould 1 two ends are all done opening and are processed.Because early-age concrete intensity is very low, displacement transducer 4 gauge head immediate roofs can form depression on concrete, so special processing will be carried out in removable rectangular mould 1 two ends, a fritter sheet iron are bonded on film, and last film is fixed on tagger.For allowing sheet iron and concrete form one, at the inboard sticky one piece of coin of sheet iron, build rear sheet iron and just with concrete, form one, after waiting tagger to extract out, just can be by displacement transducer 4 gauge head immediate roofs on sheet iron.
In the present embodiment, the method for testing of this suspension type concrete thermal expansion coefficient testing device in length of time morning comprises the following steps: step 1, removable rectangular mould 1 is installed; Step 2, the suspention concrete sample: building length in removable rectangular mould 1 is
Concrete test block 6, and insert thermocouple wire 8 by the position of setting in the process of building, by some ropes 5, removable rectangular mould 1 is suspended to the suspension bracket 3 that is positioned at experimental box 2 tops, remove the non-suspention support member of removable rectangular mould 1,7 pairs of concrete test blocks 6 of electric furnace in case 2 are heated by experiment, by static strain testing system, connect thermocouple wire 8 to measure the temperature variation of concrete test block 6 inside
, by two displacement transducer 4 gauge heads, withstand on respectively concrete test block 6 two ends to measure the length deformation amount of concrete test block 6
Step 3, thermal expansivity calculates: pass through formula
Calculate concrete thermal expansivity
.
In step 1, the concrete steps that removable rectangular mould 1 is installed are as follows:
(1.1) removable rectangular mould 1 is comprised of rectangular plastic piece and four aluminum strips of several different lengths, by bolt, with nut, four aluminum strips are fixedly connected with each rectangular plastic piece, four sides by transparent adhesive tape in removable rectangular mould 1 are one deck tagger fixedly;
(1.2) lay thin film on the tagger surface, whole layer film is to be spliced by the two fritter films at two ends and middle a bulk of film, make whole layer film cover on the tagger surface and removable rectangular mould 1 bottom surface on, the seam between each piece film touch to prevent the water mud loss with transparent adhesive tape.
In step 2, the concrete steps of suspention concrete sample are as follows:
(2.1) by concreting in removable rectangular mould 1, and insert thermocouple wire 8 by the position of setting in the process of building, and be positioned over jolt ramming on shaking table;
(2.2) removable rectangular mould 1 is placed on the base plate of being convenient to carrying, baseplate width is more bigger than removable rectangular mould 1, base plate can be iron plate, base plate can also be placed on plank again, the purpose of doing like this is to make concrete in handling process, can directly carry plank or beneath iron plate, guarantee that concrete is not subject to disturbance or destruction; And paste the isolated film of the isolated moisture evaporation of one deck at the concrete upper surface, to eliminate the dry impact of shrinking of concrete, press test objective standard curing certain hour;
(2.3) after pressing test objective standard curing certain hour, remove removable rectangular mould 1 upper end two lateral aluminum strips, be connected on the rectangular plastic piece of preparing to support as concrete test block 6 suspentions through circular hole using rope 5 one ends that design in advance length;
(2.4) by base plate, removable rectangular mould 1 is transported on the bracing frame in experimental box 2, on bracing frame, be placed with for supporting the cushion block of removable rectangular mould 1, cushion block can be the certain height concrete block, makes two displacement transducer 4 gauge heads can just in time measure concrete test block 6 centers, two ends through after the exploration hole of experimental box 2;
(2.5) after adjusting position, the other end of rope 5 is connected on the suspension bracket 3 that is positioned at experimental box 2 tops, suspension bracket 3 is as the stress point that suspends concrete test block 6 in midair, and suspension bracket 3 is to prevent experimental box 2 touching impact measurements with the purpose that experimental box 2 is separated;
(2.6) respectively pad a little concrete block at suspension bracket 3 two ends with after temporarily suspension bracket 3 being improved to a segment distance, remove beneath base plate and the cushion block of removable rectangular mould 1, remove the position of after base plate and cushion block, recovering again suspension bracket 3, make removable rectangular mould 1 be suspended on suspension bracket 3 by rope 5;
(2.7) remove the rectangular plastic piece that 6 suspentions are not supported as concrete test block;
(2.8) extract the tagger in removable rectangular mould 1 out, make concrete and removable rectangular mould 1 separate with Free Transform;
(2.9) case 2 interior 7 pairs of concrete test blocks 6 of electric furnace are heated by experiment, thermocouple wire 8 is connected to static strain testing system to measure concrete internal temperature, with two displacement transducer 4 gauge heads, withstands respectively concrete test block 6 two ends to measure the concrete temperature distortion;
(2.10) cardboard covers that use cuts, on experimental box 2, covers during heating entirely, removes a part during cooling, the purpose that is rapidly heated, lowers the temperature to reach.
In step (2.9), the bottom in described experimental box 2 is symmetrical arranged two electric fans 11, is provided with dividing plate 12 between the inherent electric furnace 7 of described experimental box 2 and concrete test block 6 to avoid concrete test block 6 spot heating, the preferential cardboard that adopts of described dividing plate 12.
In step 2, described static strain testing system adopts the DH3816 static strain testing system, and described displacement transducer 4 adopts the LVDT displacement transducer.
In step 3, concrete thermal expansivity refers to the variable quantity of concrete under unit temperature changes of unit length.It is as follows that this thermal expansivity calculates concrete formula:
In formula:
---concrete thermal expansivity;
This test
By long ruler measurement, obtained,
By the monitoring of LVDT displacement transducer, obtained,
By thermocouple wire Transducers Embedded in Concrete internal monitoring, obtained.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, all equalizations of doing according to the utility model claim change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
- A suspension type concrete early the length of time thermal expansion coefficient testing device, it is characterized in that: comprise removable rectangular mould, experimental box, suspension bracket, static strain testing system and two displacement transducers, described removable rectangular mould is positioned at experimental box, described experimental box is provided with upper shed, be provided with the electric furnace that test block is heated to removable rectangular mould inner concrete in described experimental box, described suspension bracket is positioned at the experimental box top, described removable rectangular mould is suspended on suspension bracket by some ropes, described static strain testing system is connected with the concrete test block in removable rectangular mould by thermocouple wire, described two displacement transducer gauge heads withstand on respectively the concrete test block two ends.
- Suspension type concrete according to claim 1 early the length of time thermal expansion coefficient testing device, it is characterized in that: two displacement transducers are positioned at outside experimental box, described experimental box both sides offer respectively for stretching into the exploration hole of displacement transducer gauge head.
- Suspension type concrete according to claim 1 and 2 early the length of time thermal expansion coefficient testing device, it is characterized in that: early the length of time, thermal expansion coefficient testing device was positioned over the air conditioning labor that temperature constant is 20 ℃ to described suspension type concrete.
- Suspension type concrete according to claim 1 early the length of time thermal expansion coefficient testing device, it is characterized in that: the bottom in described experimental box is symmetrically arranged with two electric fans, between the inherent electric furnace of described experimental box and concrete test block, is provided with dividing plate.
- 5. according to claim 1,2 or 4 described suspension type concrete thermal expansion coefficient testing devices in length of time morning, it is characterized in that: described experimental box is the iron case surrounded by four iron plates, between two relative iron plates, by threaded iron and nut, interconnects.
- Suspension type concrete according to claim 1 early the length of time thermal expansion coefficient testing device, it is characterized in that: described removable rectangular mould is comprised of the rectangular plastic piece of several different lengths and four aluminum strips, and four aluminum strips are fixedly connected with each rectangular plastic piece with nut by bolt.
- 7. according to the described suspension type concrete of claim 1 or 6 thermal expansion coefficient testing device in length of time morning, it is characterized in that: four sides in described removable rectangular mould are respectively arranged with one deck tagger.
- Suspension type concrete according to claim 7 early the length of time thermal expansion coefficient testing device, it is characterized in that: described tagger surface is provided with thin film.
- Suspension type concrete according to claim 8 early the length of time thermal expansion coefficient testing device, it is characterized in that: be provided with a fritter sheet iron on described film, be provided with one piece on described sheet iron and make sheet iron and concrete test block shape all-in-one-piece coin, the gauge head immediate roof of described displacement transducer is on sheet iron.
- 10. suspension type concrete thermal expansion coefficient testing device in length of time morning according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described static strain testing system employing DH3816 static strain testing system, described displacement transducer employing LVDT displacement transducer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013203513503U CN203324208U (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2013-06-19 | Suspended device for testing early-age thermal expansion coefficient of concrete |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013203513503U CN203324208U (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2013-06-19 | Suspended device for testing early-age thermal expansion coefficient of concrete |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203324208U true CN203324208U (en) | 2013-12-04 |
Family
ID=49663547
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013203513503U Withdrawn - After Issue CN203324208U (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2013-06-19 | Suspended device for testing early-age thermal expansion coefficient of concrete |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN203324208U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104359938A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-18 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Method for testing thermal expansion coefficient of coating |
| CN111487279A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-08-04 | 河海大学 | Determination method for early-age thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete |
-
2013
- 2013-06-19 CN CN2013203513503U patent/CN203324208U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104359938A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-18 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Method for testing thermal expansion coefficient of coating |
| CN111487279A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-08-04 | 河海大学 | Determination method for early-age thermal expansion coefficient of pervious concrete |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103293180B (en) | Suspension type concrete early-age thermal expansion coefficient testing method and device thereof | |
| US10060901B2 (en) | Concrete temperature stress testing machine system and temperature deformation self-compensation method | |
| CN202182880U (en) | Concrete self-contraction determinator | |
| CN110542703B (en) | Device and method for monitoring thermal expansion stress and deformation of foam concrete in constraint state | |
| CN203324208U (en) | Suspended device for testing early-age thermal expansion coefficient of concrete | |
| ES2967912T3 (en) | Test apparatus and control method for test apparatus | |
| CN109664400B (en) | Concrete heating and humidifying strength maintenance device and method for steel platform bracket placement position | |
| CN109163979B (en) | Adjustable detachable large-eccentricity pressed column testing device and method | |
| CN110146352A (en) | A kind of sampling die and preparation method for simulating disturbed belt rock mass | |
| CN102608152A (en) | Concrete early thermal expansion coefficient testing device and testing method thereof | |
| CN203849100U (en) | Ball hinge fixing and supporting structure for creeping instrument | |
| CN108444671A (en) | Bracing cable support device is adjusted in bracing cable pulling force | |
| CN204694557U (en) | A kind of equipment measuring epoxy resin girder tensile deformation restorability | |
| CN109084695B (en) | Film thickness gauge | |
| CN109631817A (en) | It is a kind of for measuring the measuring mechanism of product thickness | |
| CN204882555U (en) | Concrete shrinkage deformation testing arrangement under different temperatures | |
| RU148805U1 (en) | PANEL TEST STAND | |
| CN103528494A (en) | Device for measuring creep deformation of eddy current | |
| CN201637522U (en) | Load measuring device for top plate of working face of analog experimental rack | |
| CN205426756U (en) | Creep experimental apparatus | |
| CN103983391A (en) | Device for measuring air shrinkage force of timber | |
| CN208144232U (en) | Meiofauna runs the detection device of speed | |
| CN213275598U (en) | Concrete expansion coefficient detection device for construction | |
| CN110823499A (en) | Friction resistance measuring device and measuring method | |
| CN215525339U (en) | Auxiliary forming device for testing mortar bonding performance |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20131204 Effective date of abandoning: 20150603 |
|
| RGAV | Abandon patent right to avoid regrant |