CN203286809U - Frostless air source heat pump water heater set - Google Patents
Frostless air source heat pump water heater set Download PDFInfo
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- CN203286809U CN203286809U CN2013202309326U CN201320230932U CN203286809U CN 203286809 U CN203286809 U CN 203286809U CN 2013202309326 U CN2013202309326 U CN 2013202309326U CN 201320230932 U CN201320230932 U CN 201320230932U CN 203286809 U CN203286809 U CN 203286809U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a frostless air source heat pump water heater set. When a calculating controller receives outdoor temperature parameters which are lower than zero DEG C and transmitted by a temperature and humidity sensor, calculation is performed according to received air temperature and humidity parameters, air pressure parameters and evaporator surface temperature parameters, the opening of an electronic expansion valve is controlled according to a calculated result, and the surface temperature of an evaporator is adjusted according to the increase or reduction of the opening of the electronic expansion valve, so that the surface temperature of the evaporator is kept higher than a frost point; meanwhile, a silicon-controlled power adjustor judges the suction superheat degree of a compressor through receiving suction temperature and suction pressure of the compressor, the power of an electric heater is adjusted to be increased or reduced, and the suction superheat degree of the compressor is kept within a preset value range. Through cooperation of the adjustment of the opening of the electronic expansion valve and the adjustment of the electric heating power, the purpose of keeping a system safe and efficient in operation is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to field of air conditioning, relates to a kind of Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units.
Background technology
Air source heat pump is a kind of take air as Cooling and Heat Source, can chilled water also can water heating aircondition.Unit has saved a complicated cooling water system of the cover boiler heating system of unifying, and settles easy to usely, has a wide range of applications.But air source heat pump has two apparent in view defects when heating condition moves in the winter time.The one, heating capacity and COP reduce rapidly with the reduction of outside air temperature, this problem is not sufficient to shake the status of air source heat pump, at first the reduction of heating capacity can be prevented by selecting the larger unit of capacity, secondly southern area outside air temperature in winter generally can be too not low, and the attenuation of COP is limited; The 2nd, lower than 0 ℃ and during lower than the air dew point temperature, fin surface will frosting when outdoor evaporator fin surface temperature.Frosting not only increases the heat transfer resistance of heat exchanger and air, and has increased the air side resistance, causes air mass flow to reduce, and makes heat pump heating capacity decrease, will cause heat pump normally to move when serious, causes the faults such as burn-down of electric motor.
Defrost method commonly used has electrical heating method, antikinesis method, hot-gas bypass method and energy storage defrosting method at present.Electrical heating method is by electrically heated mode defrosting, and is simple, but needs to consume high-grade electric energy, do not meet the theory of heat pump energy-conserving environmental protection, the application of having faded out; The antikinesis method namely changes refrigerant flow direction, unit changes refrigerating operaton into by heating operation, cold-producing medium is used for defrosting from indoor heat absorption, cause indoor " cold blowing " effect, fluctuations in indoor temperature is large, cause thermal comfort to reduce, and commutation can, to the impact of system build-up of pressure and thermal shock, be shortened unit durability; Hot gas bypass valve refers to that the high temperature and high pressure gas that compressor is discharged carries out defrosting by a bypass pipe bypass part to chamber evaporimeter (outside heat exchanger), and shortcoming is that defrosting time is longer, and can reduce unit output; The energy storage defrosting mode can be avoided the shortcoming of above three kinds of defrostings preferably, but system complex, controls loaded down with trivial detailsly, and to phase-change material, requires high.
U.S.'s Oak Ridge National Laboratory is thought and is added appropriate heat to the cold-producing medium in gas-liquid separator in " The Development of a Fross-Less Heat Pump " paper, suction temperature and the pressure of inspiration(Pi) of compressor can raise, and then can improve outdoor evaporator coil surface temperature, reduce the speed that on outdoor evaporator coil, frost forms and piles up, can improve the indoor wind pushing temperature of heat pump simultaneously.But the rising of evaporator surface temperature can reduce and air between heat transfer temperature difference, cold-producing medium absorbs from air heat reduces, and absorbs become complete electrical heating less than heat even fully; Add appropriate heat in gas-liquid separator, do not have definite numerical expression, there is no practical value, and electric heater capacity is unadjustable, can not be regulated with the variation of outdoor temperature, likely in outdoor temperature, regulate while not being very abominable and cause compressor exhaust temperature too high, be affected the normal operation of compressor, and likely cause indoor wind pushing temperature too high, reduce on the contrary indoor thermal comfort.
Existing patented technology, as ZL200910098008.5 " frost-free type air source heat pump system ", ZL200610041213.4 " heat pump of Teat pump boiler " etc. is frosting and the defrost problem of having paid close attention to air source heat pump unilaterally, defrost discontinuously in the system outside, the importance of ignoring the stable and continuous operation of unit and compressor, the long-term use service life that can affect unit.ZL201010572661.3 " defrosting control method for intelligent air cooling heat pump ", ZL200910033545.1 " a kind of air source heat pump based on image recognition technology and method " only unilateral concern the control problem of air source heat pump, simply the frosting parameter measuring point of evaporimeter is set in the middle of evaporimeter, having ignored evaporimeter is the multiple branch circuit coil heat exchanger, has complicated structure, the installation site of temperature sensor is very sensitive, thereby easily causes defrosting clean or have frost not remove.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: not high for existing air source heat pump operational efficiency, winter heating's operating mode frosting, the defects such as lifetime of system is short, the utility model provides a kind of operational efficiency high, Monitoring and Controlling is accurate, can move continuously under the environment of low temperature and moisture, and electric heater capacity can regulate to reduce energy consumption according to outdoor weather condition, can guarantee the compressor safe operation, the Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units that lifetime of system is long.
Technical scheme: to achieve these goals, a kind of Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units of the present utility model, comprise compressor assembly, four-way change-over valve, hot water heat exchanger, electric expansion valve, evaporator assembly and power of controlled silicon adjuster.The inlet end of compressor assembly be connected with exhaust end with four-way change-over valve on relative two interfaces connect, hot water heat exchanger heat import be connected with evaporator assembly heat outlet respectively with four-way change-over valve on two other relative interface connect, the outlet that heats of hot water heat exchanger is connected with fluid reservoir and is heated import and connect, and the heating to export of hot water heat exchanger is connected with the import that heats of evaporator assembly by electric expansion valve.
Evaporator assembly comprises blower fan, multiple branch circuit evaporation coil, crosses hot coil, Temperature Humidity Sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor and computing controller, crosses hot coil and is arranged on the poorest position of heat transfer effect in evaporator assembly and parallel with the multiple branch circuit evaporation coil.The outlet that heats of multiple branch circuit evaporation coil connects with the import that heats of being connected hot coil, Temperature Humidity Sensor and the first pressure sensor are arranged on the air inlet place of evaporator assembly, the heat exchange of first line center windward that the first temperature sensor is arranged on the multiple branch circuit evaporation coil is on the tube wall of poor pipeline, computing controller adopts the chip that is mounted with dew-point temperature calculating and temperature comparison program, by data connecting line, is connected with electric expansion valve with Temperature Humidity Sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor respectively.
compressor assembly comprises compressor, high-voltage switch gear, oil eliminator, gas-liquid separator, low tension switch, the controlled power electric heater, the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor, the outlet of gas-liquid separator is connected with the air entry of compressor through low tension switch, the exhaust outlet of compressor is connected with high-voltage switch gear and is connected with the import of oil eliminator by check valve successively, be provided with an opening on pipeline between low tension switch and compressor air suction mouth, opening is connected with the lubricating oil outlet of oil eliminator, the controlled power electric heater is arranged in gas-liquid separator, the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are separately positioned on the air intake duct tube wall of compressor and the air entry place, the import of gas-liquid separator is the suction end of compressor assembly, the refrigerant outlet of oil eliminator is the exhaust end of compressor assembly, and the power of controlled silicon adjuster is connected with the second temperature sensor, the second pressure sensor and controlled power electric heater respectively by data wire.
In the utility model, heating between outlet and electric expansion valve of hot water heat exchanger is provided with reservoir, and the import that heats of described reservoir is connected with the outlet that heats of hot water heat exchanger, and the outlet that heats of reservoir is connected with electric expansion valve.
In the utility model, be provided with check valve on the exhaust outlet of compressor and the pipeline between high-voltage switch gear, the circulating direction of described check valve is the direction of exhaust outlet of compressor to high-voltage switch gear.
In the utility model, the lubricating oil outlet of oil eliminator is connected with screen pack and the first capillary in turn, and then with the opening on pipeline between low tension switch and compressor air suction mouth, is connected.
In the utility model, the multiple branch circuit evaporation coil consists of the multiple branch circuit evaporation tube, cold-producing medium is divided into multichannel through liquid distributing device and enters in these evaporation coils, and fully heat exchange therein, then through gas collecting apparatus converge into a road through being positioned at the air heat-exchange effect the poorest place cross hot coil realize overheated.The setting of common superheat section, make refrigerant mixed even, and obtain certain degree of superheat, thereby improved the performance of system, and stability and the security of simultaneity factor operation are also guaranteed.For the multiple branch circuit evaporation coil, comprise again relatively better poor pipeline section relative to heat exchange property of heat exchange property, because heat transfer effect is different, the quick defrost ability of each pipeline section of multiple branch circuit evaporation tube is also different under frozen condition.And in the total frosting quantity set in the evaporimeter unit interval on the most front comb, first row especially.Therefore the pipeline section of easy frosting is arranged in the multiple branch circuit evaporation tube and arranges windward the poorest pipeline section of heat transfer effect.
Servicing unit comprises Temperature Humidity Sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, computing controller, power of controlled silicon adjuster and power-adjustable electric heater.Temperature Humidity Sensor is installed in the temperature and humidity parameter of the air inlet place of evaporimeter for the perception air; The first temperature sensor is installed in the front-seat heat exchange on the tube wall of poor pipeline windward of multiple branch circuit evaporation coil in evaporator assembly; The second temperature sensor is installed on the air intake duct of compressor; The first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are installed in respectively the inlet side of evaporimeter and the air entry of compressor; Computing controller adopts the chip that is mounted with dew-point temperature calculating and temperature comparison program, computing controller is located at the entrance side of evaporimeter, and by data connecting line, with Temperature Humidity Sensor, the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, with electric expansion valve, is connected; The power of controlled silicon adjuster is connected with the second temperature sensor, the second pressure sensor and power-adjustable electric heater by data connecting line.
Under defrosting operating mode in the winter time, the temperature and humidity of the real-time sensing chamber of Temperature Humidity Sensor outside air, and be transferred to computing controller.The temperature parameter that the Temperature Humidity Sensor transmission that receives when computing controller comes is during lower than 0 ℃, according to the air themperature that receives, humidity, pressure parameter, calculate the dew-point temperature of air, and with the evaporator surface temperature parameter that is sent by the first temperature sensor that receives, comparing, thereby the aperture of control electric expansion valve.When this unit operation, the gaseous state high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant that compressed machine compression is discharged enters the hot water heat exchanger condensation by four-way change-over valve after oil eliminator is isolated lubricating oil, electric expansion valve is regulated self aperture according to the operation result of computing controller transmission, increase or reduce the flow of cold-producing medium, change the temperature of cold-producing medium, thereby make the evaporator fin surface temperature all the time higher than hoarfrost point.Low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant after throttling arrives evaporimeter through check valve, cold-producing medium absorb in the multiple branch circuit evaporation coil after heat accumulate a road enter common cross the hot coil section realize overheated, the cold-producing medium that has subsequently certain degree of superheat enters in gas-liquid separator through four-way change-over valve, power-adjustable electric heater in gas-liquid separator is regulated electrical heating power according to the transmission result of power of controlled silicon adjuster and is heated to cold-producing medium, thereby guarantees the suction superheat of compressor inlet.The refrigerant vapour that has finally certain degree of superheat is got back to compressor, completes the whole circulation that heats.So successively circulation, emit heat by hot water heat exchanger to current, hot water preparing.
Cold-producing medium absorbs heat in evaporimeter, for the multiple branch circuit evaporation coil in evaporator assembly, the pipeline section evaporation rate of good effect of heat exchange is not easy frosting soon, the easier frosting of pipeline section that heat transfer effect is poor.And in the total frosting quantity set in the evaporimeter unit interval on the most front comb, first row especially.So, with the first temperature sensor be installed in multiple branch circuit evaporation coil in evaporator assembly windward front-seat heat exchange the minimum temperature of fin surface can be detected on the tube wall of poor pipeline.the wall surface temperature infinite approach air dew point temperature that the outlet of outdoor evaporator coil detected when this temperature sensor is that fin is during with frosting, computing controller can in time be made feedback, aperture 10 step-lengths of control increase electric expansion valve namely increase the refrigerant flow by evaporimeter, heat exchange amount one in evaporimeter regularly, the import and export enthalpy difference of the cold-producing medium of the evaporator evaporation of flowing through coil pipe can reduce, the temperature of cold-producing medium can improve, thereby improve the fin surface temperature of evaporimeter, keep heat transfer temperature difference enough between cold-producing medium and outdoor air, make fin surface remain frostless.When electronic expansion valve opening increases, refrigerant flow increases thereupon, cross the hot coil section although passed through, but hot coil section heat transfer effect is poor owing to crossing, and still very likely causes the cold-producing medium incomplete evaporation in evaporimeter, namely is mixed with liquid refrigerant in the gaseous refrigerant of evaporator outlet, even gas-liquid separator is installed can not be accomplished to separate fully, the suction superheat of compressor inlet also can reduce, and even can cause compressor air suction band liquid when serious, affects the safe operation of compressor.For this problem, we are provided with the power-adjustable electric heater in gas-liquid separator.The power of controlled silicon adjuster is by receiving compressor air suction temperature and the pressure of inspiration(Pi) judgement compressor air suction degree of superheat, and the electric heater capacity of regulating in gas-liquid separator increases or reduces, and keeps the compressor air suction degree of superheat and remains on 6 ℃, precision ± 0.5 ℃.The utility model by electronic expansion valve opening adjusting and gas-liquid separator in the cooperation regulated of electric heater capacity, realize keeping the purpose of security of system, efficient operation.
The utility model to the method that above-mentioned unit carries out proportional-integral-differential control is:
Synchronously carry out the suction superheat of compressor and regulate and the adjusting of evaporator fin surface temperature, wherein the concrete grammar of evaporator fin surface temperature adjusting is:
Temperature Humidity Sensor detects air themperature and the humidity of air inlet in real time, and be transferred to computing controller, the Temperature Humidity Sensor temperature parameter that receives when computing controller is during lower than 0 ℃, according to the air themperature and the humidity parameter that are come by the Temperature Humidity Sensor transmission, carry out computing by the air pressure parameter that the first pressure sensor transmission comes, after calculating the air dew point temperature, with the evaporator fin surface temperature of being come by the first temperature sensor transmission relatively: when the fin surface temperature is not more than 0.2 ℃ higher than the value of air dew point temperature, computing controller is controlled aperture 10 step-lengths that increase electric expansion valve, when the fin surface temperature higher than the value of air dew point temperature greater than 0.2 ℃ and while being not more than 0.5 ℃, it is constant that computing controller is kept the aperture of electric expansion valve, during higher than 0.5 ℃ of air dew point temperature, reduce aperture 5 step-lengths of electric expansion valve when the fin surface temperature,
The concrete grammar that the suction superheat of compressor is regulated is:
The power of controlled silicon adjuster receives by the second next pressure parameter of pressure sensor transmission, obtain corresponding cold-producing medium saturation temperature by this pressure parameter, and with the temperature parameter that is come by the second temperature sensor transmission that receives, compare: when the reception temperature parameter higher than the value of cold-producing medium saturation temperature during greater than 6 ℃, the power of controlled silicon adjuster reduces the power of power-adjustable electric heater, keeps the compressor air suction degree of superheat and remains in range of set value and conserve energy; Otherwise the power of controlled silicon adjuster increases the power of power-adjustable electric heater.
Gentle minute adjustable electrically heated control method of electric expansion valve is as follows:
(1) control electronic expansion valve opening, the fin surface temperature of regulating evaporimeter: the aperture scope of electric expansion valve is 0-100%, and step-length is 0.1, totally 1000 steps.Under heating condition, the aperture of electric expansion valve maintains 40-45% usually, and computing controller regulates and controls electronic expansion valve opening at every turn and increases 10 step-lengths, reduces 5 step-lengths at every turn.the temperature and humidity of the real-time sensing chamber of Temperature Humidity Sensor outside air, and be transferred to computing controller, the temperature parameter that receives when computing controller is during lower than 0 ℃, according to the air themperature and the humidity parameter that are come by the Temperature Humidity Sensor transmission, carry out computing by the air pressure parameter that the first pressure sensor transmission comes, after calculating the air dew point temperature, arrange windward the poorest channel wall surface temperature of heat exchange relatively with multiple branch circuit coil pipe in the evaporator assembly that is come by the first temperature sensor transmission: when wall surface temperature is not more than 0.2 ℃ higher than the value of air dew point temperature, computing controller is controlled aperture 10 step-lengths that increase electric expansion valve and is kept heat transfer temperature difference enough between cold-producing medium and outdoor air, make fin surface remain frostless, when wall surface temperature was not less than 0.5 ℃ higher than the value of air dew point temperature, it is constant that computing controller is kept the aperture of electric expansion valve, when wall surface temperature higher than the value of air dew point temperature during greater than 0.5 ℃, computing controller control reduce electric expansion valve aperture 5 step-lengths to reduce refrigerant flow, save the energy consumption of electric heater in gas-liquid separator.
(2) control electric heater capacity in gas-liquid separator, regulate the suction superheat of compressor inlet: the power of controlled silicon adjuster receives by the second next pressure parameter of pressure sensor transmission, obtain corresponding cold-producing medium saturation temperature by this pressure parameter, and with the temperature parameter that is come by the second temperature sensor transmission that receives, compare: when the reception temperature parameter is not more than 6 ℃ higher than the value of cold-producing medium saturation temperature, the power of controlled silicon adjuster is regulated the increasing electric heater capacity continuously, improves the suction superheat of compressor inlet; Higher than the value of cold-producing medium saturation temperature during greater than 6 ℃, power of controlled silicon adjuster continuous control electric heater reduces to add heat when the reception temperature parameter.The adjustable electric heater power is carried out PID regulate the control suction superheat, react rapidly when the compressor air suction degree of superheat changes, keep 6 ℃ of the compressor air suction degrees of superheat, precision ± 0.5 ℃
Beneficial effect: the utility model compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
1. frostless operation is guaranteed in the adjusting of the inner stable and continuous of unit, extend compressor service life: no matter be the whole bag of tricks of mentioning in traditional Defrost method or Patents, its starting point all is how to defrost or reduce frosting, and unilateral emphasizes frosting and the defrosting impact on running efficiency of system.These Defrost methods usually are chosen in the system outside and defrost discontinuously, system is in the state of a fluctuation all the time, can not guarantee the stable and continuous operation of unit and compressor, ignore the impact on the compressor life-span fully, cause the defrosting effect may not be good, but the compressor life-span is very short, does not reach design and uses duration; The utility model by electronic expansion valve opening adjusting and gas-liquid separator in the cooperation regulated of electric heater capacity overcome these prejudice fully, reach beyond thought effect.First be based on the frostless operation of heat pump and guarantee exerting oneself of system and operational efficiency, and then adopt a series of technological means to guarantee that compressor moves in safety zone, realize a kind of adjusting of stable and continuous in internal system, guarantee compressor and whole system safety, efficient, long-term operation.
2. unit need not periodic reverse, and heating capacity is high.Than traditional antikinesis defrosting, heat pump of the present utility model does not need periodic reverse, has avoided compression shock that fluctuations in indoor temperature, commutation operation cause equipment and thermal shock and on the impact of unit durability; The heat-pump hot-water unit can efficiently move in wider temperature range, heating capacity is higher than conventional heat-pump hot-water unit.
3. Unit Economic is energy-conservation, simple in structure, reliable efficient., although traditional hot-gas bypass method can be alleviated the heat pump frosting to a certain extent, can cause system to exert oneself and reduce and consume the electric energy increase, and defrosting time is very long.Heat pump of the present utility model efficiently solves these problems, and electric heater capacity can regulate to reduce energy consumption according to outdoor weather condition, and the electric energy that only needs to consume relatively seldom can be realized the frostless operation of unit.Require high, as to control complexity energy storage defrosting system than system complex and to phase-change material, the utility model only need to increase some detecting devices and corresponding controlling organization on the basis of original heat pump, original system is done change hardly, thereby realized controlling simple, reliable, efficient purpose.
4. in conjunction with the practical structures of multiple branch circuit evaporimeter, the monitoring point of reasonable arrangement temperature sensor.Evaporator assembly comprises multiple branch circuit evaporation coil, gas collecting apparatus, crosses hot coil, evaporator fan, cold-producing medium is evaporation endothermic in the multiple branch circuit evaporation coil, converge into together again a road through the air heat-exchange effect the poorest place cross hot coil realize overheated, increased common superheat section, make its refrigerant mixed even, can control its degree of superheat, thereby improve the performance of refrigeration system, its stability and security simultaneously also guaranteed.Cold-producing medium absorbs heat in evaporimeter multiple branch circuit evaporation coil, for the multiple branch circuit evaporation coil in evaporator assembly, the pipeline section evaporation rate of good effect of heat exchange is not easy frosting soon, the easier frosting of pipeline section that heat transfer effect is poor.And in the total frosting quantity set in the evaporimeter unit interval on the most front comb, first row especially.So, with the first temperature sensor be installed in multiple branch circuit evaporation coil in evaporator assembly windward the first row heat exchange minimum temperature of fin surface can be detected on the tube wall of poor pipeline.Than patent ZL201010572661.3 " defrosting control method for intelligent air cooling heat pump ", ZL200910033545.1 " a kind of air source heat pump based on image recognition technology and method " only simply is set in the frosting parameter measuring point of evaporimeter in the middle of evaporimeter, in this patent the position of temperature sensor arrange more scientific rationally.
5. by controlling electronic expansion valve opening, the fin surface temperature of regulating evaporimeter, guarantee that unit is frostless.In the conventional heat pump Hot water units, the effect of expansion valve is to guarantee cold-producing medium evaporation fully in evaporimeter, guarantees the suction superheat of compressor, realizes the unit even running.And the utility model Fan Qi road and going exactly, frozen condition is lowered the sub-expansion valve opening of economize on electricity, make cold-producing medium incomplete evaporation in the multiple branch circuit coil pipe in evaporator assembly, in regulating, realizes Real-time Feedback the adjusting to cold-producing medium evaporating pressure and evaporating temperature, effectively regulate the fin surface temperature of evaporimeter, realize the frostless operation of unit.Simultaneously, keep heat transfer temperature difference enough between cold-producing medium and outdoor air, guarantee to absorb enough heats from air, guaranteed the unit heating capacity.And cold-producing medium is in the multiple branch circuit of evaporation coil after evaporation endothermic, converge into together again a road through the air heat-exchange effect the poorest place cross hot coil realize overheated, increased common superheat section, make its refrigerant mixed even, improved the performance of refrigeration system, its stability and security simultaneously also guaranteed.
6., by controlling electric heater capacity in gas-liquid separator, regulate the suction superheat of compressor inlet, avoid absorbing gas belt liquid.The capable of regulating power electric heater capacity is carried out PID regulate the control suction superheat, can when changing, the compressor air suction degree of superheat react rapidly, keep the compressor air suction degree of superheat at 6 ℃, precision ± 0.5 ℃, effectively avoid compressor air suction band liquid, guarantee the compressor safe operation, degree of superheat scope is enough large simultaneously, easily realizes; Electric heater capacity can be regulated according to the compressor air suction degree of superheat, can reduce power consumption, realizes energy-conservation purpose.
Thereby directly regulate the temperature of the flow control cold-producing medium of cold-producing medium by the aperture of controlling electric expansion valve, and then indirectly control outdoor heat exchanger (evaporimeter) surface temperature and and air between the temperature difference, guarantee that evaporator surface is frostless and can absorb enough heats from air; The suction superheat of the electric heating control compressor by power-adjustable in gas-liquid separator, guarantee the compressor safe and stable operation.The combination of electric heater capacity regulation technology in electronic expansion valve opening adjusting and gas-liquid separator, overcome existing various Defrost method and put undue emphasis on defrosting and ignore the prejudice of system safety operation, the utlity model has the irrealizable advantages of other the whole bag of tricks such as the frostless operation of heat pump, efficiency are high, security of operation, long operational time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart of compressor assembly of the present utility model
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of wind evaporimeter of clearing in the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the air wind speed field polar plot of wind evaporimeter of clearing in the utility model embodiment.
in figure: the 1-compressor assembly, the 11-compressor, the 12-check valve, the 13-high-voltage switch gear, the 14-oil eliminator, the 141-screen pack, 142-the first capillary, 15-the second temperature sensor, 16-the second pressure sensor, the 17-gas-liquid separator, the 18-low tension switch, 19-power-adjustable electric heater, the 2-four-way change-over valve, 3 hot water heat exchangers, the 4-reservoir, the 5-electric expansion valve, 51-the second capillary, 6 evaporator assemblies, the 61-blower fan, 62-multiple branch circuit evaporation coil, the poorest pipeline of front-seat heat transfer effect windward in 621-multiple branch circuit evaporation coil, 63-crosses hot coil, the 64-Temperature Humidity Sensor, 65-the first temperature sensor, 66 first pressure sensors, the 67-computing controller, 7 power of controlled silicon adjusters, the 8-filter, the 9-stop valve.
The specific embodiment
The utility model is described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The utility model Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units, comprise compressor assembly 1, four-way change-over valve 2, hot water heat exchanger 3, reservoir 4, electric expansion valve 5, evaporator assembly 6 and power of controlled silicon adjuster 7.The inlet end of compressor assembly 1 be connected with exhaust end with four-way change-over valve 2 on relative two interfaces connect, hot water heat exchanger 3 heat that import is connected with evaporator assembly heat outlet respectively with four-way change-over valve 2 on two other relative interface connect, the import that heats that outlet is connected with fluid reservoir that heats of hot water heat exchanger 3 connects, and the heating to export of reservoir 4 is connected with the import that heats of evaporator assembly 6 by electric expansion valve 5.
Compressor assembly 1 comprises compressor 11, check valve 12, high-voltage switch gear 13, oil eliminator 14, the second temperature sensor 15, the second pressure sensor 16, gas-liquid separator 17, low tension switch 18, controlled power electric heater 19.The outlet of gas-liquid separator 17 is connected with the air entry of compressor 11 through low tension switch 18, and the exhaust outlet of compressor 11 first is connected the import of with oil eliminator, being connected and is connected with high-voltage switch gear by check valve 12.The import of gas-liquid separator 17 is the suction end of compressor assembly 1, and the refrigerant outlet of oil eliminator 14 is the exhaust end of compressor assembly 1, lubricating oil outlet through filter screen 141 be connected capillary 142 and be connected with compressor 11 aspirating air pipes.
Servicing unit comprises Temperature Humidity Sensor 64, the first temperature sensor 65, the second temperature sensor 15, the first pressure sensor 66, the second pressure sensor 16, computing controller 67, power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 and power-adjustable electric heater 19.Temperature Humidity Sensor 64 is a commercially available prod, be installed in evaporator assembly 6(outdoor heat exchanger) the air inlet place, and by data connecting line, with computing controller 67, be connected, in order to the temperature and humidity of sensing chamber's outside air in real time and exactly, and be transferred to computing controller 67 and calculate control.The first temperature sensor 65 and the second temperature sensor 15 are two commercially available prod, fill respectively in evaporator assembly 6 multiple branch circuit the evaporation coil tube wall of the poorest pipeline 621 of front-seat heat exchange and the air intake duct of compressor 11 windward, be used for detecting in real time and exactly fin surface minimum temperature and compressor 11 suction temperatures; The first pressure sensor 66 and the second pressure sensor 16 are two commercially available prod, be installed in respectively evaporator assembly 6 inlet sides for detection of atmospheric pressure and compressor 1 air entry for detection of compressor 1 pressure of inspiration(Pi).Computing controller 67 is the chip that is mounted with dew-point temperature calculating and temperature comparison program of customization.This computing controller 67 is arranged on the entrance side of evaporator assembly 6, connect Temperature Humidity Sensor 64, the first temperature sensor 65, the first pressure sensor 66, in order to the temperature and humidity of real-time receiving chamber outer air, atmospheric pressure and fin surface and evaporator coil exit wall surface temperature.Computing controller 67 is connected with electric expansion valve 5 simultaneously, according to the temperature that receives, pressure signal, in time makes feedback, controls the aperture of electric expansion valve 5, thereby guarantees evaporator non-frost stable operation.Power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 is connected by data line with the second temperature sensor 15, the second pressure sensor 16 and power-adjustable electric heater 19, can transmit compressor 11 suction temperatures, the pressure signal of returning according to temperature, pressure sensor and in time make feedback, control the heating power of power-adjustable electric heater 19, thereby the refrigerant gas degree of superheat that guarantees compressor 11 air entries remains on 6 ℃, precision ± 0.5 ℃.
Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units of the present utility model, evaporator assembly blower fan 61 air-out positions have three kinds: upper air-out, lower air-out, the wind of clearing, corresponding air wind speed field polar plot are upper triangle, lower triangle, positive triangle.The utility model is cleared wind as example take evaporator assembly blower fan 61, and the utility model is described in more detail.
In embodiment of the present utility model, evaporator fan 61 is the wind of clearing, and the distributing vector figure of wind speed meets equilateral triangle.In the situation that the heat exchanger structure form is determined, the equilateral triangle distributing vector figure of this specific air supply mode and wind speed has relation one to one.by equilateral triangle wind speed profile polar plot as seen, heat exchanger middle part wind speed is large, therefore when extraneous air is horizontal while plunderring heat exchanger middle part branch road and tube refrigerant generation forced heat-exchanging is effective, heat exchanger top and bottom wind speed are little, therefore when extraneous air is horizontal while plunderring heat exchanger top or lower leg and the tube refrigerant heat transfer effect is poor, cross so arranging of hot coil 63 in evaporator assembly 6 three kinds of selection modes are just arranged, it is respectively a branch road of topmost, two branch roads of branch road of foot or topmost and foot are simultaneously as crossing hot coil 63, it was hot coil 63 that the present embodiment is selected a branch road of topmost, and it is parallel to each other with multiple branch circuit evaporation coil 62 to cross hot coil 63, the foot of multiple branch circuit evaporation coil branch road 621 is due to the poor pipeline of installing as the first temperature sensor 65 of heat transfer effect.Under defrosting operating mode in the winter time, the temperature and humidity of Temperature Humidity Sensor 64 real-time sensing chamber outside air, and be transferred to computing controller 67.The temperature parameter that Temperature Humidity Sensor 64 transmission that receive when computing controller 67 come is during lower than 0 ℃, according to the air themperature that receives, humidity, pressure parameter, calculate the dew-point temperature of air, and with the evaporator surface temperature parameter that is sent by the first temperature sensor 65 that receives, comparing, thereby the aperture of control electric expansion valve 5.When this unit operation, the gaseous state high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant that compressed machine 11 compressions are discharged enters hot water heat exchanger 3 condensations by four-way change-over valve 2 after oil eliminator 14 is isolated lubricating oil, electric expansion valve 5 is regulated self aperture according to the operation result of computing controller 67 transmission, increase or reduce the flow of cold-producing medium, change the temperature of cold-producing medium, thereby make the evaporator fin surface temperature all the time higher than hoarfrost point.Low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant after throttling arrives evaporimeter through check valve, cold-producing medium absorb in multiple branch circuit evaporation coil 62 after heat accumulate a road enter common cross 63 sections of hot coils realize overheated, the cold-producing medium that has subsequently certain degree of superheat enters in gas-liquid separator 17 through four-way change-over valve 2, power-adjustable electric heater 19 in gas-liquid separator is regulated electrical heating power according to the transmission result of power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 and is heated to cold-producing medium, thereby guarantees the suction superheat of compressor 11 imports.The refrigerant vapour that has finally certain degree of superheat is got back to compressor 11, completes the whole circulation that heats.So successively circulation, emit heat by hot water heat exchanger 3 to current, hot water preparing.
Proportional-integral-differential of the present utility model is controlled control procedure:
(1) calculating of dew-point temperature in controller
Environment temperature is during lower than 0 ℃, and the air dew point temperature is to judge the whether important parameter of frosting of fin surface, meets the fin surface temperature and can realize the fin surface frost-free higher than the air dew point temperature, realizes the frostless operation of source pump.The concrete computational process of air dew point temperature is as follows:
I. calculate saturated moist air partial pressure P
Qb
T=273.15+t
During t=-100～0 ℃
In formula: c
1=-5674.5359, c
2=6.3925247, c
3=-0.9677843 * 10
-2
c
4=0.62215701×10
-6,c
5=0.20747825×10
-18
c
6=-0.9484024×10
-12,c
7=4.1635019
During t=0～200 ℃
In formula: c
8=-5800.2206, c
9=1.3914993, c
10=-0.048640239
c
11=0.41764768×10
-4
c
12=-0.14452093×10
-7,c
13=6.5459673
II. calculate humid air partial pressure P
q
Wherein:
For relative air humidity
III. calculate the air dew point temperature t
l
During t=0～93 ℃
t
l=c
14+c
15ln(P
q)+c
16[ln(P
q)]
2+c
17[ln(P
q)]
3+c
18(P
q)
0.1984
In formula: c
14=6.54, c
15=14.526, c
16=0.7389
c
17=0.09486,c
18=0.4569
During t=0～200 ℃
t
l=6.09+12.608ln(P
q)+0.4959[ln(P
q)]
2
(2) computing controller 67 control procedures:
(3) power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 control procedures:
Power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 is accepted the pressure and temperature parameter of the second pressure sensor 16 and the second temperature sensor 15 transmission, by pressure parameter, obtains corresponding cold-producing medium saturation temperature.Take cold-producing medium R22 as example, the real-time pressure parameter of the second pressure sensor is P, according to formula T
C=-2025.45/ (lnP)-21.25)-247.94 can obtain cold-producing medium saturation temperature T
CWhen acceptance temperature parameter is not less than 6 ℃ higher than the cold-producing medium saturation temperature, reduce power-adjustable electric heater 19 power, otherwise, strengthen power-adjustable electric heater 19 power.
Electric heater 19 heating power values are take 7 ℃ of cold-producing medium R22, evaporating temperature as example.Specific enthalpy h under its saturated gaseous state
0=407.4kJ/kg, the specific enthalpy h of 10 ℃ of correspondences of the degree of superheat
1=415.4kJ/kg, the specific enthalpy h of 6 ℃ of correspondences of the degree of superheat
2=412kJ/kg.According to evaporating pressure, condensing pressure, the real-time refrigerant flow of compressor 11 is
When the reception temperature parameter was not more than 6 ℃ higher than the value of cold-producing medium saturation temperature, power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 is linear strengthened electric heater 19 power extremely
Higher than the value of cold-producing medium saturation temperature during greater than 6 ℃, power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 is controlled and is kept electric heater 19 power and be when the reception temperature parameter
Power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 continuous P ID regulate electrical heating power and exist
Keep suction superheat at 6 ℃ in scope, precision is ± 0.5 ℃.
Workflow of the present utility model is as follows:
Gaseous state low-temperature heating working medium is crossed hot coil 63 and is discharged from evaporator assembly 6, enter gas-liquid separator 17 through four-way change-over valve 2, power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 receives by the first pressure sensor 16 and the second temperature sensor 15 next refrigerant pressure and temperature parameters of transmission, judgement refrigerant superheat degree is compressor 11 suction superheat, regulate electric heater 19 power according to the refrigerant superheat degree, keep the refrigerant superheat degree in (6 ± 0.5) ℃; The cold-producing medium that the degree of superheat meets enters compressor 11, and the steam that becomes after compression HTHP enters hot water heat exchanger 3; Computing controller 67 receives the parameter of being come by Temperature Humidity Sensor 64, the first pressure sensor 66, the first temperature sensor 65 transmission and regulates electric expansion valve 5 apertures, make multiple branch circuit evaporation coil in evaporator assembly 6 windward the tube wall temperature of the poorest pipeline 621 of front-seat heat exchange higher than hoarfrost point, even all fin surface temperature of evaporimeter, all higher than hoarfrost point, realize the frostless operation of heat-pump hot-water unit.
Temperature Humidity Sensor 64 is arranged between multiple branch circuit evaporation coil 62 and evaporator fan 61, is used for the temperature and humidity parameter of perception air.The temperature parameter that Temperature Humidity Sensor 64 transmission that receive when computing controller 67 come is during lower than 0 ℃, the air pressure parameter that the aerial temperature and humidity parameter that 64 transmission come according to Temperature Humidity Sensor, the first pressure sensor 66 transmission come, calculate according to the process in aforementioned (1), obtain the dew-point temperature of air.Computing controller 67 will calculate the dew-point temperature of gained and evaporator coil exit wall surface temperature namely the first temperature sensor 65 transmit the temperature parameter that comes and compares: the temperature parameter that transmit when temperature sensor 65 is when calculating gained air dew point temperature and be not more than 0.2 ℃, increase electric expansion valve 5 aperture 10 step-lengths, increase along with electric expansion valve 5 apertures, refrigerant flow increases, the cold-producing medium evaporating pressure raises, evaporating temperature raises, the temperature parameter that makes temperature sensor 65 transmission increases, and with calculating gained air dew point temperature gap, increases; When temperature sensor 65 transmits the temperature parameter that comes higher than calculating gained air dew point temperature greater than 0.2 ℃ and while being not less than 0.5 ℃, the aperture of keeping electric expansion valve 5 is constant.When temperature sensor 65 transmits the temperature parameter that comes higher than 0.5 ℃ of air dew point temperature, reduce aperture 5 step-lengths of electric expansion valve 5, along with reducing of electric expansion valve 5 apertures, refrigerant flow reduces, the cold-producing medium evaporating pressure reduces, cause evaporating temperature to reduce, the temperature parameter that makes temperature sensor 65 transmission reduces, and with calculating gained air dew point temperature gap, reduces.By repeating of this process, guarantee multiple branch circuit evaporation coil 62 in evaporator assembly 6 windward the tube wall surface temperature of the poorest pipeline 621 of front-seat heat exchange, all the time higher than the air dew point temperature, guarantee the frostless operation of source pump.
When electric expansion valve 5 apertures changed, refrigerant flow changed thereupon, if electric heater 19 heating powers are constant, compressor 11 suction superheat can change.For example when expansion valve 5 apertures increased, refrigerant flow increased, if do not increase electric heater 19 power, compressor 11 suction superheat reduce, and even can cause compressor 11 absorbing gas belt liquid when serious, affected the safe operation of compressor 11.The pressure parameter that power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 comes by the second pressure sensor 16 transmission draws the saturation temperature of cold-producing medium under this pressure parameter, and compares the degree of superheat of judgement cold-producing medium with the temperature parameter that the second temperature sensor 15 transmission come.The temperature parameter that temperature sensor 15 transmission come and the difference of saturation temperature are compressor 11 suction superheat.When compressor 11 suction superheat were not more than 6 ℃, power of controlled silicon adjuster 7 was controlled and is increased electric heater 19 power, and the degree of superheat is increased; During greater than 6 ℃, reduce electric heater 19 power when the compressor air suction degree of superheat, the degree of superheat is reduced.Keep compressor 11 suction superheat between (6 ± 0.5) ℃, this degree of superheat scope not only easily realizes and controls, and can guarantee compressor 11 safe operations, avoided simultaneously energy dissipation.
The utility model, by electronic expansion valve opening control method and compressor air suction control method for overheat, not only can be realized the frostless operation of source pump, and can guarantee the compressor safe operation.
Claims (4)
1. Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units, it is characterized in that, this unit comprises compressor assembly (1), four-way change-over valve (2), hot water heat exchanger (3), electric expansion valve (5), evaporator assembly (6) and power of controlled silicon adjuster (7), the inlet end of described compressor assembly (1) is connected with exhaust end and upper two the relative interfaces connections of four-way change-over valve (2), the import that heats of described hot water heat exchanger (3) is connected 6 with evaporator assembly) the outlet that heats connect with upper two other the relative interface of four-way change-over valve (2) respectively, the outlet that heats of hot water heat exchanger (3) is connected with the import that heats of evaporator assembly (6) by electric expansion valve (5),
described evaporator assembly (6) comprises blower fan (61), multiple branch circuit evaporation coil (62), cross hot coil (63), Temperature Humidity Sensor (64), the first temperature sensor (65), the first pressure sensor (66) and computing controller (67), the described hot coil (63) of crossing is arranged on the poorest position of evaporator assembly (6) Air heat transfer effect and parallel with described multiple branch circuit evaporation coil (62), the outlet that heats of described multiple branch circuit evaporation coil (62) connects with the import that heats of being connected hot coil (63), described Temperature Humidity Sensor (64) and the first pressure sensor (66) are arranged on the air inlet place of evaporator assembly (6), described the first temperature sensor (65) is arranged on the tube wall of the poorest pipeline of the heat exchange of first line center windward (621) of multiple branch circuit evaporation coil (62), described computing controller (67) adopts the chip that is mounted with dew-point temperature calculating and temperature comparison program, by data connecting line respectively with Temperature Humidity Sensor (64), the first temperature sensor (65), the first pressure sensor (66) is connected 5 with electric expansion valve) connect,
described compressor assembly (1) comprises compressor (11), high-voltage switch gear (13), oil eliminator (14), gas-liquid separator (17), low tension switch (18), controlled power electric heater (19), the second temperature sensor (15) and the second pressure sensor (16), the outlet of described gas-liquid separator (17) is connected with the air entry of compressor (11) through low tension switch (18), the exhaust outlet of compressor (11) is connected 13 by check valve (12) with high-voltage switch gear successively) be connected with the import of oil eliminator (14) afterwards, be provided with an opening on pipeline between described low tension switch (18) and compressor (11) air entry, described opening is connected with the lubricating oil outlet of oil eliminator (14), described controlled power electric heater (19) is arranged in gas-liquid separator (17), described the second temperature sensor (15) and the second pressure sensor (16) are separately positioned on the air intake duct tube wall of compressor (11) and the air entry place, the import of described gas-liquid separator (17) is the suction end of compressor assembly (1), the refrigerant outlet of oil eliminator (14) is the exhaust end of compressor assembly (1), and power of controlled silicon adjuster (7) is connected 19 with the second temperature sensor (15), the second pressure sensor (16) with the controlled power electric heater respectively by data connecting line) be connected.
2. a kind of Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, heating between outlet and electric expansion valve (5) of described hot water heat exchanger (3) is provided with reservoir (4), the import that heats of described reservoir (4) is connected with the outlet that heats of hot water heat exchanger (3), and the outlet that heats of reservoir (4) is connected with electric expansion valve (5).
3. a kind of Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, be provided with check valve (12) on pipeline between the exhaust outlet of described compressor (11) and high-voltage switch gear (13), the circulating direction of described check valve (12) is the direction of compressor (11) exhaust outlet to high-voltage switch gear (13).
4. a kind of Frostless air-source heat pump Hot water units according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the lubricating oil outlet of described oil eliminator (14) is connected with screen pack (141) and the first capillary (142) in turn, and then between same low tension switch (18) and compressor (11) air entry, the opening on pipeline is connected.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103245151A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-14 | 南京师范大学 | Frost-less air-source heat pump hot water unit and proportional-integral-differential control method for same |
| CN103791652A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-14 | 浙江理工大学 | Double-heat-source heat pump system |
| CN103940044A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-23 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control method of air-conditioning system |
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| CN103245151A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-14 | 南京师范大学 | Frost-less air-source heat pump hot water unit and proportional-integral-differential control method for same |
| CN103245151B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-02-25 | 南京师范大学 | Frost-less air-source heat pump hot water unit and proportional-integral-differential control method for same |
| CN103791652A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-05-14 | 浙江理工大学 | Double-heat-source heat pump system |
| CN103791652B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-01-20 | 浙江理工大学 | A kind of two temperature-heat-source heat pump |
| CN103940044A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-23 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control method of air-conditioning system |
| CN105509255A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-04-20 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Control method of air conditioning system and air conditioning system |
| CN107687728A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-02-13 | 科希曼电器有限公司 | A kind of control method for the air energy heat pump defrost for judging condensation point |
| CN107687728B (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-12-15 | 科希曼电器有限公司 | Air energy heat pump defrosting control method for judging condensation point |
| CN108168039A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-06-15 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Progress control method, device, air conditioner and computer readable storage medium |
| CN109373636A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-22 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | A kind of system and method preventing liquid hammer |
| CN109373636B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2023-07-04 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | System and method for preventing liquid impact |
| US11619432B2 (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2023-04-04 | Carrier Corporation | Heat pump system |
| CN111912029A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-10 | 桂林沣泱科技有限公司 | Air conditioning device and control method thereof |
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