CN203286544U - Device used for realizing even flow of steam in boiler barrel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device used for realizing even flow of steam in a boiler barrel. An inverted-T-shaped steam even flow tube is arranged on the upper portion in the boiler barrel. A plurality of open holes are unevenly formed in the steam even flow tube (a horizontal part). Steam is made to evenly flow upward into the steam even flow tube and then is educed out of the boiler barrel. The diameter or the density of the open holes along the length direction of the steam even flow tube is designed, calculated and confirmed according to the static pressure distribution of the steam in the steam even flow tube at flowing time so as to ensure that the steam from a steam space of the boiler barrel to the steam even flow tube flows upward evenly. Consequently, the unfavorable condition that water is contained in the steam is avoided. The device aims at avoiding the phenomenon that a saturated water face in the middle of the boiler barrel upsurges upward, and fundamentally eliminates the problem that water is contained in output steam so as to improve the operation reliability of steam generating equipment.

Description

Realize that in drum, vapor flow installs uniformly

Technical field

The utility model relates to the device of a kind of steam generating equipment or combustion apparatus technical field, specifically a kind ofly realize in drum that steam or flow of flue gas install uniformly.

Background technology

In the drum of the steam generating equipments such as Industrial Boiler, waste heat boiler, storage heater, all there are two kinds of fluids of saturation water and saturated vapor (saturation water is in bottom, and saturated vapor is on top).When the Length Ratio of drum larger, and drum top only have in the middle of pipe while from drum, drawing saturated vapor,, even at the steam place of drawing, steam-water separator is housed, still can not avoid in steam being with water.Because flow velocity progressively increases the process of vapor space steam in the middle of the drum both sides flow to, the highest at the flow velocity near drum central region steam longitudinal flow, the saturation water water surface that the vapor stream of this high speed can drive mid portion upwards is filled with.When the saturation water water surface that partly is filled with when centre is elevated to the drum top, will make a part of saturation water along with steam flows out drum together, cause a large amount of band water in steam, as shown in fig. 1.The water entrained by steam rate can badly influence the quality of steam while surpassing 3% and cause the yield rate of enterprise's major product to reduce, and causes fault and the damage of thermal hardware.

Equally, in some combustion apparatus, when the length of combustion chamber is very long, and while only with one or a few flue with several perforates that runs through whole chamber length, drawing flue gas, the assignment of traffic that flue gas enters flue is also inhomogeneous.This inhomogeneities can cause the bias current of combustion chamber Flame and flue gas, thereby efficiency of combustion is reduced, and the skewness of thermic load, even make heating surface surpass allowable temperature and damage.

Find through the retrieval to prior art, Chinese patent literature CN85108386, open day 1986-09-03, put down in writing a kind of " steam generator ", wherein in the lower end of heat-exchange tube bundle covering, be provided with the with holes or heat exchanger tube bundle protection of annular, and this fluid distributing board is preferably with the form setting of a conical frustum, be used for providing uniform, non-vortex flow operating mode condition to the feed water in the downcomer zone by this steam generator that flows downward, and be used for preventing that the pipe that exotic enters this steam generator from coming regional.The weak point of this technology reaches and is from the different of present technique: the perforate on heat exchanger tube bundle protection is uniform, do not utilize the variation of the pressure differential of porous plate import and export that the distribution of inhomogeneous perforate is set, and utilize this inhomogeneous perforate to distribute to make the current homogenising that enters hole.

Chinese patent literature CN201575447U, open day 2010-09-08, put down in writing a kind of " steam boiler ", this technology comprises that top has the upper drum of steam (vapor) outlet, be fixed in the carbonated drink separating plate in upper drum, the surrounding of described carbonated drink separating plate is connected with the upper drum inner wall sealing, and gathers and have steam vent on the carbonated drink separating plate.The weak point of this technology reaches and is from the different of present technique: this technology has only solved carbonated drink separates surrounding and the sealing between drum of version and leaks the vapour problem, does not relate to along the inhomogeneities of vapor flow on the upper drum length direction and the drum middle part water surface that causes and is filled with problem.And the perforate on the carbonated drink separating plate of this technology is uniform, do not utilize the variation of the pressure differential of carbonated drink separating plate import and export that the distribution of inhomogeneous perforate is set, and utilize this inhomogeneous perforate to distribute to make the current homogenising that enters perforate along drum length.

The utility model content

The utility model is for the prior art above shortcomings, propose a kind ofly to realize in drum that vapor flow installs uniformly, in steam generating equipment, while having utilized steam to flow in steam current-sharing pipe, along with the increase of steam flow rate in steam current-sharing pipe, the static pressure of steam reduces this principle gradually, the steam current-sharing pipe of two kinds of particular topology of design, make steam upwards flow equably in drum, can not make the saturation water water surface at drum middle part that phenomenon occurs upwards to be filled with.The utility model can make in steam generating equipment in the air space of drum that only has the fairlead in middle part vapor flow even, namely along the steam that flows to the drum vapor space in the saturated water body in drum length bottom, at air space, upwards flow equably, rather than in the middle of flowing to from both sides.This has just been avoided the saturation water water surface of drum zone line that the phenomenon upwards be filled with occurs, and has fundamentally exempted in output steam the problem with water.In combustion apparatus, while having utilized flue gas to flow in flue, increase along with the flue gas in flue flow velocity, the static pressure of flue gas reduces this principle gradually, make along the cross section difference of each perforate of flue length, make flue gas enter equably flue in each perforate, avoided the inhomogeneous of combustion chamber Flame and thermic load.

The utility model is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, and the utility model comprises: be arranged at the steam current-sharing pipe group of an inverted T-shape of drum internal upper part and the perforate on the non-homogeneous horizontal component that is arranged in steam current-sharing pipe.

Described non-homogeneous layout refers to arbitrary in following a, b dual mode:

A) opening diameter d is constant, and steam current-sharing pipe is divided into some sections along length, and the perforate number of each section steam current-sharing pipe is corresponding with the outer pressure reduction with the interior steam of pipe of the pipe of this section steam current-sharing pipe; Be specially: steam current-sharing pipe is divided into the n section along length, and n=5～20, respectively have the n/2 section from center line to direction of both ends, and the number mi of each section steam current-sharing pipe perforate is calculated as follows:

$\mathrm{mi}=\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{\ξ}\×v}{\mathrm{\ΔPi}}}\×\frac{\mathrm{Di}}{{4d}^2}---\left(1\right)$

Pitch S in each section steam current-sharing pipe between perforate is calculated as follows:

Si=Li/mi(m)(2)

Wherein: ξ is the resistance coefficient of steam current-sharing pipe perforate, generally gets 1.1～3.5; V is saturated vapor specific volume (m ³/ kg); Δ Pi is for this section steam current-sharing pipe pipe of pressing formula (5) and formula (6) calculating gained is outer and the pressure reduction (Pa) of the interior steam of pipe; Di is the steam flow (t/h) of every section steam current-sharing pipe; D is the opening diameter (m) of steam current-sharing pipe, general d＞0.005m; Si is the pitch (single perforate) of this section steam current-sharing pipe perforate; Li is the length m of this section steam current-sharing pipe; Mi is the perforate number of this section steam current-sharing pipe.

B) the perforate interval S is constant, and steam current-sharing pipe is divided into some sections along length, and the perforate number m of every section steam current-sharing pipe is constant, and opening diameter di is progressively reduced toward center line by two ends along steam current-sharing length of tube.Be specially: steam current-sharing pipe is divided into the n section along length, and n=5～20, respectively have the n/2 section from center line to direction of both ends, and the aperture di of each section steam current-sharing pipe perforate determines in the following manner:

$\mathrm{di}=\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{Div}}{2.83\mathrm{mwi}}}\left(m\right)\left(3\right)$

$\mathrm{wi}=\sqrt{\frac{2\mathrm{\ΔPiv}}{\mathrm{\ξ}}}(m/s)---\left(4\right)$

Wherein: m is the perforate number of every section steam current-sharing pipe; Wi is the steam flow rate (m/s) of this section steam current-sharing pipe tapping;

Other each symbol and unit thereof are identical with formula (1) and (2).

The pressure drop P of steam between described steam current-sharing tube end and each pipeline section ₀-Pi obtains by following formula:

$P_0-\mathrm{Pi}=\left\{\mathrm{\α}\right[X^2]+\mathrm{\β}[X^3\left]\right\}\frac{{\mathrm{Wc}}^2\mathrm{\ρ}}{2}\left(\mathrm{Pa}\right)---\left(5\right)$

The pressure drop Δ P(of run of designing perforate in steam current-sharing pipe is static pressure poor of calculation level in static pressure and steam current-sharing pipe in the outer drum of steam current-sharing pipe) by formula (6) calculating:

ΔP=ΔPa+（P ₀-Pi）（Pa）(6)

$\mathrm{\ΔPa}=\mathrm{\ξ}\×\frac{{\mathrm{Wa}}^2}{2v}\left(\mathrm{Pa}\right)---\left(7\right)$

In formula: Δ Pa is the perforate resistance (Pa) of steam current-sharing tube end (a point in Fig. 2); P ₀Steam static pressure (Pa) for steam current-sharing pipe medial end portions; Pi is the steam static pressure (Pa) of each run of designing in steam current-sharing pipe; α, β are the coefficient of colligation of steam static pressure and dynamic pressure conversion, and its value is α=1.8～2.2; β=0.05～1; X is the relative length of calculation level in steam current-sharing pipe,

L is steam current-sharing Guan Zhongcong end, and namely in Fig. 2, a point to each point in steam current-sharing pipe, i.e. is divided into the length (m) of mid point of each section of n section in steam current-sharing pipe; L is the total length (m) of one-sided steam current-sharing pipe; Wc is steam current-sharing pipe exit, vertical steam flow rate (m/s) in the pipe that namely in Fig. 2, b is ordered; Wa is the steam flow rate (m/s) of steam current-sharing tube end tapping; ρ is vapour density (kg/m ³); V is steam specific volume (m ³/ kg).

Because the static pressure of the vapor space in drum is a definite value, and in steam current-sharing pipe, the static pressure Pi of steam progressively reduces by the direction of formula 5 along steam current-sharing pipe vapor flow, so direction along steam current-sharing pipe vapor flow, pressure differential deltap P between drum and steam current-sharing pipe progressively increases, namely the pressure differential deltap P between the end of steam current-sharing pipe (X=0 place, i.e. a point in Fig. 2) drum and steam current-sharing pipe is minimum; It is maximum that pressure differential deltap P between the exit of steam current-sharing pipe (X=1 place, i.e. b point in Fig. 2) drum and steam current-sharing pipe reaches.

Described perforate preferably is arranged on along the top of steam current-sharing pipe circumference.

The horizontal component of described steam current-sharing pipe is 50～200mm apart from the upper edge of drum inwall, along steam current-sharing length of tube direction, is provided with some perforates.

Perforate aperture on steam current-sharing pipe determines, and along the spacing between the perforate of its length, according to the Changing Pattern of this pressure reduction, carrys out designing and calculating; Perhaps the spacing between perforate is fixed, and the size of perforate is carried out designing and calculating according to the Changing Pattern of this pressure reduction, the steam flow that enters steam current-sharing pipe by drum on each section steam current-sharing length of tube is exactly uniformly, thereby makes the flow velocity that in drum, steam upwards flows even.

The cross section of described steam current-sharing pipe is circular or other shapes, adopts general pipe thickness just can meet the demands.

Described perforate is along top, the side of steam current-sharing pipe circumference, perhaps other angle directions.

Described steam current-sharing pipe is provided with several strong points in the longitudinal direction, by the supports support steam current-sharing pipe that is fixed on drum, but does not make its crooked and free wxpansion.The venthole of steam current-sharing pipe welds mutually with the outlet that short tube and drum are drawn steam.

Technique effect

Compared with prior art, the utlity model has the current-sharing performance good, the advantage that equipment is simple and reliable.And be in operation and need not keep in repair, the band water rate in the steam of thermal hardware output is reduced to below 0.3%, thereby has guaranteed safe operation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that in the existing equipment drum, the inhomogeneous and drum of vapor space vapor flow middle part water level upwards is filled with schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is that in the steam generating equipment drum, steam current-sharing pipe is arranged and the even schematic diagram of vapor space vapor flow;

In figure: drum 1, hydrospace 2, the vapor space 3, steam current-sharing pipe 4, steam draw 5, perforate 6 on steam current-sharing pipe, and the direction of arrow is the vapor flow direction.

Fig. 3 is the equal tube flowing structure schematic diagram of steam in embodiment 1;

In figure: (i) be side view; (ii) be top view; (iii) be cutaway view.

Fig. 4 is the equal tube flowing structure schematic diagram of steam in embodiment 2;

In figure: (i) be side view; (ii) be top view; (iii) be cutaway view.

The specific embodiment

Below embodiment of the present utility model is elaborated; the present embodiment is implemented under take technical solutions of the utility model as prerequisite; provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection domain of the present utility model is not limited to following embodiment.

Embodiment 1

The steam generating equipment of the generation saturated vapor that the present embodiment relates to, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, its output quantity of steam D=10t/h, steam pressure P=1.6MPa.g,

The cross section of steam current-sharing pipe is circular, length L=20m, and internal diameter is 0.08m, gets the segments n=12 of steam current-sharing pipe, steam current-sharing pipe perforate aperture d=0.0075m, perforate adds up to 274.

The horizontal component of described steam current-sharing pipe is 0.10mm apart from the upper edge of drum inwall, and in Fig. 3, the perforate of each section represents with a hole, and the aperture d of described perforate is identical, and the interval S of perforate is progressively reduced toward center line by two ends along steam current-sharing length of tube.

From the end of steam current-sharing pipe to middle part, the pressure differential deltap P between the steam pressure in drum in the pressure of steam and steam current-sharing pipe is by formula (5) and formula (6) calculating, and the present embodiment 1 result of calculation Δ P is in 6100～20000Pa scope.

The perforate number mi of every section steam current-sharing pipe of result of calculation and the interval S i between perforate see the following form:

The end of steam current-sharing pipe due to drum in pressure and the pressure reduction between the steam pressure in steam current-sharing pipe of steam little, so the pitch Si between perforate is less, and the middle part of steam current-sharing pipe due to drum in pressure and the pressure reduction between the steam pressure in steam current-sharing pipe of steam large, so the pitch Si between perforate is larger.

Embodiment 2

The steam generating equipment of the generation saturated vapor that the present embodiment relates to, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, its output quantity of steam D=10t/h, steam pressure P=1.6MPa.g,

The cross section of steam current-sharing pipe is circular, length L=20m, and internal diameter is 0.08m, gets the segments n=12 of steam current-sharing pipe, perforate adds up to 276.

The horizontal component of described steam current-sharing pipe is 0.1m apart from the upper edge of drum inwall, and in Fig. 4, the perforate of each section represents with a hole, and the number of every section steam current-sharing pipe perforate is 23, and pitch S is 0.072m.Progressively reduced by the aperture of two ends toward the center line perforate along steam current-sharing length of tube.

From the end of steam current-sharing pipe to middle part, the pressure differential deltap P between the steam pressure in drum in the pressure of steam and steam current-sharing pipe is by formula (5) and formula (6) calculating, and the present embodiment 2 result of calculations are in 6000～19000Pa scope.

Perforate number mi and the perforate aperture di of every section steam current-sharing pipe of result of calculation see the following form:

The end of steam current-sharing pipe due to drum in pressure and the pressure reduction between the steam pressure in steam current-sharing pipe of steam little, so the aperture of perforate is larger, and the middle part of steam current-sharing pipe due to drum in pressure and the pressure reduction between the steam pressure in steam current-sharing pipe of steam large, so the aperture of perforate is less.

Embodiment 3

The combustion apparatus that the present embodiment relates to, flue gas total flow are V=168162nm ³/ h.Flue gas is drawn flue gas with 7 flues.Every flue length is 23.62m, and width is 0.58m, is highly 2.33m, along every flue length, has 9 rectangle openings to introduce flue gas from combustion chamber.

By the result of calculation of formula (5), in flue along the flue gas static pressure of length-0.7～-the 125Pa scope.Progressively reduced by the flue gas static pressure of end toward the outlet perforate along flue length.

Area along 9 perforates of flue length sees the following form:

The end of flue due to combustion chamber in pressure and the pressure reduction between the flue gas pressures in flue of flue gas little, so the area of perforate is larger, and the outlet of flue due to combustion chamber in pressure and the pressure reduction between the flue gas pressures in flue of flue gas large, so the area of perforate is less.

Claims (8)

1. realize in drum that vapor flow installs uniformly for one kind, it is characterized in that, be arranged at the steam current-sharing pipe group of an inverted T-shape of drum internal upper part and the perforate on the non-homogeneous horizontal component that is arranged in steam current-sharing pipe;

Described non-homogeneous layout refers to arbitrary in following a, b dual mode:

A) opening diameter d is constant, and steam current-sharing pipe is divided into some sections along length, and the perforate number of each section steam current-sharing pipe is corresponding with the outer pressure reduction with the interior steam of pipe of the pipe of this section steam current-sharing pipe;

B) the perforate interval S is constant, and steam current-sharing pipe is divided into some sections along length, and the perforate number m of every section steam current-sharing pipe is constant, and opening diameter di is progressively reduced toward center line by two ends along steam current-sharing length of tube.

2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described non-homogeneous layout:

Mode a) is specially: steam current-sharing pipe is divided into the n section along length, and n=5～20, respectively have the n/2 section from center line to direction of both ends, and the number mi of each section steam current-sharing pipe perforate is calculated as follows:

Pitch S in each section steam current-sharing pipe between perforate is calculated as follows:

Si=Li/mi(m) (2)

Wherein: ξ is the resistance coefficient of steam current-sharing pipe perforate; V is saturated vapor specific volume (m ³/ kg); Δ Pi is for this section steam current-sharing pipe pipe of pressing formula (5) and formula (6) calculating gained is outer and the pressure reduction (Pa) of the interior steam of pipe; Di is the steam flow (t/h) of every section steam current-sharing pipe; D is the opening diameter (m) of steam current-sharing pipe; Si is the pitch of this section steam current-sharing pipe perforate; Li is the length (m) of this section steam current-sharing pipe; Mi is the perforate number of this section steam current-sharing pipe;

Mode b) be specially: steam current-sharing pipe is divided into the n section along length, and n=5～20, respectively have the n/2 section from center line to direction of both ends, and the aperture di of each section steam current-sharing pipe perforate determines in the following manner:

Wherein: m is the perforate number of every section steam current-sharing pipe; Wi is the steam flow rate (m/s) of this section steam current-sharing pipe tapping; Other each symbol and unit thereof are identical with formula (1) and (2);

The pressure drop P of steam between described steam current-sharing tube end and each pipeline section ₀-Pi obtains by following formula:

The pressure drop Δ P of run of designing perforate in steam current-sharing pipe calculates by formula (6):

ΔP=ΔPa+（P ₀-Pi）（Pa） (6)

In formula: Δ Pa is the perforate resistance (Pa) of steam current-sharing tube end; P ₀Steam static pressure (Pa) for steam current-sharing pipe medial end portions; Pi is the steam static pressure (Pa) of each run of designing in steam current-sharing pipe; α, β are the coefficient of colligation of steam static pressure and dynamic pressure conversion; X is the relative length of calculation level in steam current-sharing pipe,

L is steam current-sharing Guan Zhongcong end to each point in calculation of steam current-sharing pipe, i.e. be divided into the length (m) of mid point of each section of n section in steam current-sharing pipe; L is the total length (m) of one-sided steam current-sharing pipe; Wc is the interior vertically steam flow rate (m/s) of the pipe in steam current-sharing pipe exit; Wa is the steam flow rate (m/s) of steam current-sharing tube end tapping; ρ is vapour density (kg/m ³); V is steam specific volume (m ³/ kg).

3. device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the resistance coefficient ξ of described steam current-sharing pipe perforate is 1.1～3.5.

4. device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the opening diameter d＞0.005m of described steam current-sharing pipe.

5. device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the coefficient of colligation of described steam static pressure and dynamic pressure conversion, and its value is α=1.8～2.2; β=0.05～1.

6. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the horizontal component of described steam current-sharing pipe is 50～200mm apart from the upper edge of drum inwall, along steam current-sharing length of tube direction, is provided with some perforates.

7. arbitrary described device according to claim 1-6, is characterized in that, described perforate is arranged on along the top of steam current-sharing pipe circumference.

8. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described steam current-sharing pipe is provided with several strong points in the longitudinal direction, by the supports support steam current-sharing pipe that is fixed on drum.

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