CN203245429U - Helical end milling cutter used for carbon fiber reinforced composite material - Google Patents

Helical end milling cutter used for carbon fiber reinforced composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203245429U
CN203245429U CN 201320054725 CN201320054725U CN203245429U CN 203245429 U CN203245429 U CN 203245429U CN 201320054725 CN201320054725 CN 201320054725 CN 201320054725 U CN201320054725 U CN 201320054725U CN 203245429 U CN203245429 U CN 203245429U
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China
Prior art keywords
cutter
reinforced composite
teeth
rotation
slotting
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN 201320054725
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
于广滨
戴冰
孙永国
赵磊
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN 201320054725 priority Critical patent/CN203245429U/en
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a helical end milling cutter used for a carbon fiber reinforced composite material. Under the general conditions, when a composite board and a laminated plate is milled, defects of layering, splitting, burning and the like are prone to be caused, and particularly, layering and splitting produce the largest influence on the processing quality. The helical end milling cutter used for the carbon fiber reinforced composite material comprises a cutter handle (1) which is connected with a cutter neck (2) made of an alloy material, wherein the cutter neck is provided with right-rotation cutter tooth zones (3) and right-rotation cutter teeth (4); left-rotation teeth (5) and left-rotation tooth slots are formed in the right-rotation cutter tooth zones; and the nano composite coatings are arranged on the right-rotation cutter teeth and the left-rotation teeth. The method can be widely applied to aerospace, manufacture of an athletic automobile casing, mold platemaking, advertisement decoration, processing of precise electronic components and the like.

Description

The pineapple slotting cutter that is used for carbon fibre reinforced composite
Technical field:
The utility model provides a kind of slotting cutter of the carbon fibre reinforced composite for the sports of space flight and automobile, circuit board.
Background technology:
Carbon fibre reinforced composite has the advantages such as specific strength height, specific modulus is high, vibration damping is good, is widely applied at aerospace field, and is also increasing in the application of the industries such as automobile sports, sports apparatus.The opportunity of combat of being on active service after the eighties in 20th century all adopts carbon fibre reinforced composite in a large number, and the consumption of composite has become one of important indicator of weighing aeroplane performance.For example, the composite consumption of France's fitful wind opportunity of combat accounts for 40%, and Sweden's JAS39 opportunity of combat accounts for 30%, and Europe " typhoon " opportunity of combat is greater than 40%, the trump card weapon B-2 strategic bomber of the U.S. accounts for 50%, and up-to-date F-22 " bird of prey " the fighter plane composite consumption of USAF has reached 35%.1984, toray company successfully developed the carbon fiber T800H of high strength, large elongation, 1986, researches and develops again successful T1000.Subsequently, Japanese eastern nation, mitsubishi rayon and U.S. Hexcel company develop similar high-performance carbon fibre in succession, provide advanced composite material (ACM) for making large aircraft.From then on, the consumption straight line of carbon fibre reinforced composite on large aircraft rises.
Along with the expansion of composite application, the high accuracy, the highly-efficient processing problem that solve composite are also day by day urgent.Generally speaking, on this type of composite board, laminated plate, during Milling Process, produce easily the defectives such as layering, splitting, burn, wherein especially with layering, splitting crudy is had the greatest impact.It is introduced, in the manufacturing of AV-8B aircraft, because layering, the part disqualification rate that splitting causes that processing causes account for more than 60% of full machine CFRP part disqualification rate.
The main cause that layering, splitting phenomenon occur is: (1) composite plate is formed by the carbon fiber layer laying, uses between layers resin-bonded.Because it is a kind of anisotropic material that carbon fiber strengthens compound, its mechanical performance is different at different directions, material is higher along fiber laying direction intensity, intensity perpendicular to fiber laying direction then depends on resin-bonded intensity, generally speaking, interfacial bonding strength only is 2.2% of machine direction intensity.(2) add man-hour, existence is perpendicular to the axial force F z of fiber laying direction, thereby in laminated plate, produce direct stress, the direct stress that produces when cutting force surpasses resin-bonded intensity, the phenomenons such as resin fracture, fibrage layering or splitting then can appear, axial force is larger, and layering, splitting phenomenon are more serious.
Summary of the invention:
The utility model provides a kind of and carries out the cutter of Milling Process at the carbon fibre composite laminated plate, to overcome the problem of existing resin fracture, fibrage layering or splitting.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that
A kind of pineapple slotting cutter for carbon fibre reinforced composite, its composition comprises: handle of a knife, described handle of a knife connects the cutter neck of alloy material, described cutter neck has dextrorotation cutter tooth band and dextrorotation cutter tooth, have left-hand teeth and left-handed teeth groove on the described dextrorotation cutter tooth band, have nano-composite plate on described dextrorotation cutter tooth and the described left-hand teeth.
Described pineapple slotting cutter for carbon fibre reinforced composite, the right-hand teeth number of teeth is 2-8 on the described dextrorotation cutter tooth band, 30 °-60 ° of helical angles.
Described pineapple slotting cutter for carbon fibre reinforced composite, 40 °-45 ° of described helical angles, the variation of the helical angle of single cutter is no more than 5 °.
Described pineapple slotting cutter for carbon fibre reinforced composite, described cutter footpath 0.80mm to 3.175mm, 3.175mm described cutter neck in handle footpath adopts hard alloy bar and tungsten steel bar, and described dextrorotation cutter tooth and described left-hand teeth use ultrafine crystal grain hard alloy material.
Beneficial effect:
Carbon fibre reinforced composite often will be connected with other structures in application process, and connection is the weak link of composite structure.According to statistics, 60% ~ 80% destruction all occurs in connecting portion in the aerospace flight vehicle.In the connection the mechanical connection of normal employing need to carry out first the processing at mechanical connection position.For example, a Boeing-747 aircraft has more than 300 ten thousand connecting holes, and the U.S.'s every slave wing of state-of-the-art F-22 fighter plane wants 14000 smart holes to need milling.Composite is typical difficult-to-machine material, and its processing technology is complicated, and is higher to the requirement of cutter and technological parameter.Therefore, the composite drill process has become one of critical process of composite application.The utility model has effectively solved the splitting lamination problem in the processing of smart hole.
Carbon fibre reinforced composite is two-phase or the heterogeneous structure that is mixed by the carbon fibre reinforcement that the soft and tough matrix material of matter and intensity are high, hardness is large, its mechanical property is anisotropy, interlaminar strength is low, produces easily the defectives such as layering, splitting during cutting under the effect of cutting force.
It is large owing to material hardness during existing carbon fibre reinforced composite drilling is processed, its hardness HRC value can reach 53 ~ 65, the hardness that is equivalent to general high-speed steel, thereby during milling the cutting edge wearing and tearing very fast, because interlaminar strength is intensity according to bonding numerical value produces, interlaminar strength is low, in process, easily produce the defectives such as layering; And composite belongs to anisotropic material, stress is concentrated when larger, very easily cause the defectives such as burr, splitting, the utility model adopts specific cutting angle, helical angle, the quantity that increases left revolving blade can effectively be offset the axial cutting force that produces when cutting, and reduces as far as possible burr and lamination.Layering is the major defect in the carbon fibre composite processing.The size of lamination defect can represent with the layering factor (Fd).The layering factor can be shown with following formula table: Fd=Dmax/D, and wherein, Dmax represents the diameter of maximum damage field, D represents the actual diameter in hole, as shown in Figure 2.Exist linearity or piecewise linear relationship between layering factor Fd and average axial force F z: average axial force F z is larger, and Fd is larger for the layering factor, and layering is more serious.The utility model has effectively overcome separation resistance by the design of specific helical angle, obtains accurately pass.
The utility model adopts more left-hand teeth, and material is pressed down, and the frock rigidity is provided, and obtains better surface quality.The special parameter of this product, be specifically designed to the composites such as processing carbon fiber, glass fibre, cellular material, MMC Metal Substrate, 0 degree cutting edge inclination slotting cutter: be applicable to the large absolutely various composites (comprising plastic base composite material, metal-base composites and ceramic matric composite) what are used; Above (dextrorotation) above cutting edge inclination slotting cutter of positive 3 degree: in the process material is pressed down, thereby obtain best upper surface surface quality; Above (left-handed) cutting edge inclination slotting cutter of negative 3 degree: will push away on the material in the process, thereby obtain best upper surface surface quality.
Cutter neck of the present utility model adopts hard alloy bar and tungsten steel bar, has high rigidity, high-wearing feature, high strength, counter-bending, anti-losing, it is preferential that cutter life is grown, cutter tooth uses ultrafine crystal grain hard alloy material, has good milling performance, guarantees the efficient work rate; Enough bending strengths and wearability are arranged; Groove milling, hole and edges of boards, surface cleaning, neat, without burr.This method can be widely used in Aero-Space, the processing such as the manufacturing of sports automobile case, mould plate-making, ad decoration, precise electronic part.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Accompanying drawing 2 is stress distribution schematic diagrames of separation resistance.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of pineapple slotting cutter for carbon fibre reinforced composite, its composition comprises: handle of a knife 1, described handle of a knife connects the cutter neck 2 of alloy material, described cutter neck has dextrorotation cutter tooth band 3 and dextrorotation cutter tooth 4, have left-hand teeth 5 and left-handed teeth groove on the described dextrorotation cutter tooth band, have nano-composite plate on described dextrorotation cutter tooth and the described left-hand teeth.
Embodiment 2:
Embodiment 1 described pineapple slotting cutter for carbon fibre reinforced composite, the described right-hand teeth number of teeth are 2-8,30 °-60 ° of helical angles.The profile of tooth of the routine of helical edges slotting cutter has two kinds of straight shape and spiralitys.Because the helical edges slotting cutter has the advantages such as cutting is brisk, steady, efficient is high and the scope of application is wide with respect to straight cutlery, therefore in Milling Process, be widely applied.Different requirements according to process equipment and processing object, the helical edges slotting cutter has 4 kinds of various combinations that divide of left sword, right sword and left-hand screw, right-hand screw, the trend that the axial cutting resistance handlebar slotting cutter of its left sword left-hand screw and right sword right-hand screw work in-process is extracted from cutter holder needs to adopt turnbuckle to overcome axial cutting resistance.And the axial cutting resistance of left sword right-hand screw and right sword left-hand screw is just pressed to chuck side to slotting cutter, thus adopt taper shank to add tang more, to adapt to high-power cutting.Because right sword right-hand screw slotting cutter can allow smear metal discharge to shank along chip area, easily guarantee steadily carrying out of cutting, meet machine tool chief axis rotation direction standard, easy to loading and unloading under the support of high-performance chuck, helical angle was relatively good at 30 °～45 ° during the utility model used.
Embodiment 3:
Embodiment 1 or 2 described pineapple slotting cutters for carbon fibre reinforced composite, described cutter footpath 0.80mm to 3.175mm, handle footpath 3.175mm.The processing of the most suitable thin layer composite material.
Embodiment 4:
Embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 described pineapple slotting cutters for carbon fibre reinforced composite, 35 °-55 ° of described helical angles adopt the helical angle that changes, and the variation of the helical angle of single cutter is no more than 5 °.The helixangleβ of helical edges slotting cutter is exactly cutting edge inclination λ s, and larger helical angle can increase the number of teeth of working simultaneously, reduces the impact in the milling process and increases its stationarity, and slotting cutter keen edge, true rake are increased.In addition, cutting always appearred in the upmilling side, and in contrast, leaking always appears in the climb cutting side cuts, and crossed the amount of cutting and stretch out the farthest with the maximum point that leaks the amount of cutting at slotting cutter.Cutter distortion rule when this point meets upmilling, climb cutting and the deformation rule of cutter extension elongation.It is the helical angle of unequal (or different) that the utility model adopts, and comprises 2 kinds of implications, the 1st, and be identical along each cutting edge length, and another kind of design is the length along cutting edge, its helical angle changes.For example, one is the helical angle of cutter rake face 30 °, and the angle of middle certain point is 37.5 °, and then the helical angle of knife face can reach 45 °.Helical angle can change to 30 ° since 37 ° too.In working angles, cutter can be subject to the impact of damping, and this is because slotting cutter is cutting along same helix with different angles.Slotting cutter has not identical helicla flute spacing (or different tooth pitches), therefore can produce an out of phase (out-phase) thus cutting movement stop the generation of resonance.For example, one the tooth pitch of 4 slotting end mills (or slotting cutter of variable bit), is 89 ° between the 1st, 2 grooves, is 91 ° between 2,3 grooves, and by that analogy, finally adding up equals 360 °.When with one common slotting cutter being added man-hour, can produce continual harmonic vibration, this is identical take milling cutter ' s helix angle, the cutting edge mean allocation is prerequisite.For the slotting cutter of the given physical dimension of a cover, when you observed from all directions, the variation of its helical angle can not surpass 5 ° scope, otherwise will produce the problem of stable aspect.Resultant result be each cutting edge of a cutter when contacting with surface of the work and moving along surface of the work, all can produce clearly acoustic pattern.Because cutting edge can produce different acoustic patterns, the potential danger that therefore resonance occur may just be left in the basket.Although variable helical angle slotting cutter has identical geometric properties along each bar cutting edge, for every cutting edge, still may produce anterior angle, escape, helix even the fully change from rake face to rear knife face.With this milling cutter processes the time, cutter will constantly change its acoustic pattern.
The helical angle of slotting cutter is less than before 30 °, no matter be climb cutting side or upmilling side, error of perpendicularity value all increases with the increase of helical angle.Helical angle is greater than after 40 °, and the increase with helical angle diminishes again.When slotting cutter had less helical angle or larger helical angle is arranged, the form accuracy of its groove milling processing was high.
Embodiment 5:
Embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described pineapple slotting cutters for carbon fibre reinforced composite facts have proved.Be 0 ° in helical angle, precision was the highest when namely cutting edge was straight sword.But from the fundamental characteristics of slotting cutter helical angle as can be known, at this moment be interrupted cut fully, cutting-impact power is large, making required precision to cutter itself is high, machining accuracy is very strong to the dependence of the precision of cutter own, and cutting-tool's used life is short, and helical angle and 4 sword slotting cutters mill the side experiment on vertical machining centre, the 4 sword slotting cutters that are respectively 30 ° and 55 ° degree with helical angle mill the side, and relatively two kinds of slotting cutters are with the variation of cutting width (radially bite) impact on machining accuracy.End mill diameters is 25mm, and being cut material is No. 45 steel of hardness 94HRB.Climb cutting mode and DRY CUTTING are all adopted in cutting.The cutting parameter unification is: feed speed 100mm/min, cutting speed 26m/min, cutting depth 38mm.The measured error of perpendicularity after the processing, in cutting width when not being large especially, 55 ° large helix angle slotting cutter is than the machining accuracy height of 30 ° of helical angle slotting cutters.This be since when cutting width hour, the slotting cutter true rake that helical angle is larger is large, cutting edge is sharp, incision property is good; The tangential cutting resistance is little, reduces energy consumption and cutter distortion, cuts brisk; Cutting edge is with to be cut the contact point of face many, makes the slotting cutter incision and more steady when cutting out, the fluctuation of cutting resistance is little, weakened in the processing due to the comprehensive effect of the factors such as vibrational excitation of slotting cutter.
By application of the present utility model, can assert helical angle: (1) helical angle and cutting resistance: the tangential cutting resistance reduces with the increase of helical angle, and axially cutting resistance increases with the increase of helical angle.(2) helical angle and anterior angle: the increase of helical angle increases the slotting cutter true rake, and cutting edge is sharper.(3) helical angle and machined surface precision: the perpendicularity of general machined surface and flatness tolerance value increase with the increase of helical angle, but helical angle is with the increase of helical angle on the contrary later on greater than 40 ° and reduces trend.(4) helical angle and cutter life: the rate of wear of circumference sword land is directly proportional substantially with the helical angle size; On the other hand, when helical angle is very little, slight tool wear also will obviously reduce the cutting ability of cutter, cause vibration, make cutter can't continue to use.When helical angle is excessive, cutter rigidity variation, the life-span lowers.(5) helical angle be cut material: during the low soft material of workhardness, use large helix angle, to increase anterior angle, the sharpness of raising cutting edge; During the high hard material of workhardness, use low pitch angle, to reduce anterior angle, improve the rigidity of cutting edge.
Helical angle is one of major parameter of helical edges slotting cutter, and the change of helical angle size has a significant impact the machinability of cutter.Development along with Computerized Numerical Control processing technology and Flexible Manufacturing Technology, if further further investigate the helical angle size to the various impacts of helical edges slotting cutter cutting ability, when making and selecting the helical edges slotting cutter, performance in conjunction with lathe and tooling fixture, performance and the combined factors such as machining accuracy, working (machining) efficiency and cutter material and cutter life according to machined material are considered, optimize the size of helical angle, can efficient to promoting, high-precision Milling Process play an important role undoubtedly.
Pineapple shape milling cutter of the present utility model is used for the various composites such as processing carbon fiber, glass fibre, metal-base composites, glass.When cutting edge length has when necessarily requiring, also can be used for machining sheet, the milling cutter cutting edge is divided into several sections uses.Undoubtedly, be that cost performance is high and be applicable to nearly all solid cemented carbide milling cutter on the market, the utility model adopts the DURA nano-composite plate, compares with common diamond coating, can increase substantially the adhesion of wearability and coating and matrix, thereby improve the life-span of cutter.

Claims (4)

1. pineapple slotting cutter that is used for carbon fibre reinforced composite, its composition comprises: handle of a knife, described handle of a knife connects the cutter neck of alloy material, it is characterized in that: described cutter neck has dextrorotation cutter tooth band and dextrorotation cutter tooth, have left-hand teeth and left-handed teeth groove on the described dextrorotation cutter tooth band, have nano-composite plate on described dextrorotation cutter tooth and the described left-hand teeth.
2. described pineapple slotting cutter for carbon fibre reinforced composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the right-hand teeth number of teeth is 2-8 on the described dextrorotation cutter tooth band, 30 °-60 ° of helical angles.
3. described pineapple slotting cutter for carbon fibre reinforced composite according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: 40 °-45 ° of described helical angles, the variation of the helical angle of single cutter is no more than 5 °.
4. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described pineapple slotting cutters for carbon fibre reinforced composite, it is characterized in that: described cutter footpath 0.80mm to 3.175mm, 3.175mm described cutter neck in handle footpath adopts hard alloy bar and tungsten steel bar, and described dextrorotation cutter tooth and described left-hand teeth use ultrafine crystal grain hard alloy material.
CN 201320054725 2013-01-31 2013-01-31 Helical end milling cutter used for carbon fiber reinforced composite material Expired - Fee Related CN203245429U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103071840A (en) * 2013-01-31 2013-05-01 哈尔滨理工大学 Pineapple end mill for carbon fiber reinforced composite
TWI577477B (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-04-11 Ming-Gong Wu Positive and negative rotation milling cutter structure

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103071840A (en) * 2013-01-31 2013-05-01 哈尔滨理工大学 Pineapple end mill for carbon fiber reinforced composite
TWI577477B (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-04-11 Ming-Gong Wu Positive and negative rotation milling cutter structure

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Granted publication date: 20131023

Termination date: 20140131