CN203239307U - Impulse type steam distributing tubular column - Google Patents
Impulse type steam distributing tubular column Download PDFInfo
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- CN203239307U CN203239307U CN 201320095270 CN201320095270U CN203239307U CN 203239307 U CN203239307 U CN 203239307U CN 201320095270 CN201320095270 CN 201320095270 CN 201320095270 U CN201320095270 U CN 201320095270U CN 203239307 U CN203239307 U CN 203239307U
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Abstract
An impulse type steam distributing tubular column comprises a heat insulation pipe, a telescopic pipe, an upper thermal-recovery packer, a first impulse type steam distributing valve, a lower thermal-recovery packer and a second impulse type steam distributing valve. The first impulse type steam distributing valve comprises a first valve body with a first through hole and a second through hole, a first oil injection hole is formed in the side wall of the first valve body, a first valve element is movably arranged in the first through hole and the second through hole in the axial direction, a valve seat and a first valve seat limiting ring are arranged at the lower end of the first valve element, and the valve seat is connected in the first valve body through a clipping pin. The second impulse type steam distributing valve comprises a second valve body with a third through hole and a fourth through hole, a second oil injection hole is formed in the side wall of the second valve body, a second valve element is movably arranged in the third through hole and the fourth through hole in the axial direction, and a second valve seat limiting ring is arranged at the lower end of the second valve element. According to the impulse type steam distributing tubular column, steam can be injected to an oil layer intermittently, sleeve pipe walls and immediate vicinity of wellbore can be effectively flushed, and the crude oil exploitation effect is improved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is relevant for a kind of steam distributing pipe post, especially relevant for the pulsating steam distributing pipe post in a kind of viscous crude steam injection catalytic oxidation oil recovery development field.
Background technology
At present, in order to improve oil-field thick-oil, super heavy oil wells development effectiveness, in viscous crude, super heavy oil wells, usually implement air catalytic oxidation and recover the oil, and seen gratifying effect.Air catalytic oxidation recover the oil to be what the steam by air injection and HTHP in oil well was achieved, and wherein choosing layer air injection and steam effect are more desirable than general air injection and steam oil increasing effect.
But, in implementation process, find, because often there are the situations such as dirt near wellbore zone and sleeve pipe tube wall, and traditional steam injection string steam injection in the oil reservoir merely just, it can not effectively be processed oil reservoir, when air injection or steam, the dirt near wellbore zone and the sleeve pipe tube wall usually affects the turnover of crude oil, and the effect that causes recovering the oil is not very good.
Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of novel steam distributing pipe post, overcome defects.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of pulsating steam distributing pipe post, its can be intermittent in the oil reservoir steam injection, casing wall and near wellbore zone are effectively washed, improve the crude oil production effect.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model can adopt following technical proposal to realize:
The utility model provides a kind of pulsating steam distributing pipe post, and described pulsating steam distributing pipe post comprises:
Telescoping tube, its upper end is connected with instlated tubular;
The first pulsating steam distributing valve, it is connected to the lower end of described telescoping tube, is connected with thermal packer between described the first pulsating steam distributing valve and described telescoping tube; Wherein, described the first pulsating steam distributing valve comprises:
The first valve body, its upper end links to each other with described upper thermal packer by the first top connection, described the first valve body has the first through hole and second through hole of axial perforation, offer the first oily orifice on the upper end sidewall of described the first valve body, the described first oily orifice is connected with described the first through hole;
The first spool, it can seal with moving axially and be arranged in described the first through hole and described the second through hole, and the lower end of described the first spool is provided with valve seat, and described valve seat is connected in described the first valve body by cutting off pin;
The first valve seat spacing ring, it is positioned at the bottom of described the second through hole, and described the first valve seat spacing ring is connected on described the first valve body;
The second pulsating steam distributing valve, it is connected to the lower end of described the first pulsating steam distributing valve, is connected with lower thermal packer between described the first pulsating steam distributing valve and described the second pulsating steam distributing valve; Wherein, described the second pulsating steam distributing valve comprises:
The second valve body, its upper end links to each other with described lower thermal packer by the second top connection, described second valve body has third through-hole and the fourth hole of axial perforation, offer the second oily orifice on the upper end sidewall of described second valve body, the described second oily orifice is connected with described third through-hole;
The second spool, it can seal with moving axially and be arranged in described third through-hole and the described fourth hole, and the lower end of described the second spool is provided with the second valve seat spacing ring, and described the second valve seat spacing ring is connected in the described second valve body.
In preferred embodiment, the diameter of described the first through hole is greater than the diameter of described the second through hole.
In preferred embodiment, between described the first spool and described valve seat, be folded with the first spring.
In preferred embodiment, be connected with the first spacing ring in described the first top connection, described the first spacing ring is positioned at the top of described the first valve body, and described the first spool contact is on the lower surface of described the first spacing ring.
In preferred embodiment, between the inside wall of described the first spool and described the first valve body, be provided with a plurality of sealing rings.
In preferred embodiment, the diameter of described third through-hole is greater than the diameter of described fourth hole.
In preferred embodiment, between described the second spool and described the second valve seat spacing ring, be folded with the second spring.
In preferred embodiment, be connected with the second spacing ring in described the second top connection, described the second spacing ring is positioned at the top of described second valve body, and described the second spool contact is on the lower surface of described the second spacing ring.
In preferred embodiment, between the inside wall of described the second spool and described second valve body, be provided with a plurality of sealing rings.
Characteristics and the advantage of pulsating steam distributing pipe post of the present utility model are: under the steam injection pressure effect of steam injection, the second spool axial reciprocating in the second valve body of the second pulsating steam distributing valve is moved, to open or close the second oily orifice on the second valve body, the purpose of steam injection in the downward oil reservoir of realization discontinuity; Simultaneously, by throwing valve ball from well head, the valve ball seat is located on the valve seat to seal the steam injection passage of pulsating steam distributing pipe post, under continuous steam injection pressure effect, the first spool axial reciprocating in the first valve body is moved, to open or close the first oily orifice on the first valve body, the purpose of steam injection in the upwards oil reservoir of realization discontinuity.This pulsating steam distributing pipe post can be intermittent in the oil reservoir steam injection, by pulsating steam injection generation cavitation, so that casing wall and nearly well ground are carried out steam flush, be arranged in the dirt of casing wall and nearly well ground oil reservoir with removing, improve the crude oil production effect.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme among the utility model embodiment, the accompanying drawing of required use was done to introduce simply during the below will describe embodiment, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes only is embodiment more of the present utility model, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the front view of pulsating steam distributing pipe post of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the front view of the first pulsating steam distributing valve of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is the front view of the second pulsating steam distributing valve of the present utility model.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing among the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme among the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the utility model part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the utility model protection.
As Figure 1-3, the utility model provides a kind of pulsating steam distributing pipe post, and it comprises telescoping tube 1, the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 and the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3.Wherein: the upper end of telescoping tube 1 is connected with instlated tubular 4; The first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 is connected to the lower end of described telescoping tube 1, is connected with thermal packer 5 between described the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 and described telescoping tube 1; The second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 is connected to the lower end of described the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2, is connected with lower thermal packer 6 between described the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 and described the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3.
Wherein, described the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 comprises the first valve body 21, the first spool 22 and the first valve seat spacing ring 23.The upper end of the first valve body 21 links to each other with described upper thermal packer 5 by the first top connection 24, described the first valve body 21 has the first through hole 211 and second through hole 212 of axial perforation, offer the first oily orifice 213 on the upper end sidewall of described the first valve body 21, the described first oily orifice 213 is connected with described the first through hole 211; The first spool 22 can seal with moving axially and be arranged in described the first through hole 211 and described the second through hole 212, and the lower end of described the first spool 22 is provided with valve seat 25, and described valve seat 25 is connected in described the first valve body 21 by cutting off pin 26; The first valve seat spacing ring 23 is positioned at the bottom of described the second through hole 212, and described the first valve seat spacing ring 23 is connected on described the first valve body 21.
Described the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 comprises second valve body 31 and the second spool 32.The upper end of second valve body 31 links to each other with described lower thermal packer 6 by the second top connection 33, described second valve body 31 has third through-hole 311 and the fourth hole 312 of axial perforation, offer the second oily orifice 313 on the upper end sidewall of described second valve body 31, the described second oily orifice 313 is connected with described third through-hole 311; The second spool 32 can seal with moving axially and be arranged in described third through-hole 311 and the described fourth hole 312, and the lower end of described the second spool 32 is provided with the second valve seat spacing ring 34, and described the second valve seat spacing ring 34 is connected in the described second valve body 31.
Specifically, telescoping tube 1 is cylindrical substantially, its upper end is connected on the wellhead hookup by instlated tubular 4, instlated tubular 4 can carry out heat insulation to vapours, telescoping tube 1 mainly plays the telescopic action of the steam injection string that causes of the oily heat effect of compensation, prevents upper thermal packer 5 and lower thermal packer 6 deblockings that drilling pipe bending causes.The upper thermal packer 5 and the lower thermal packer 6 that are connected to telescoping tube 1 lower end in turn are used for oil jacket annular space under the packing well, the the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 that is connected between thermal packer 5 and the lower thermal packer 6 is relative with each oil reservoir of down-hole with the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 that is connected to lower thermal packer 6 lower ends, and each oil reservoir carries out the purpose of steam injection to the down-hole in order to realization.
In the utility model, please referring to Fig. 2, the first valve body 21 of the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 is cylindrical substantially, its top and bottom are respectively equipped with external thread section, the first valve body 21 is threaded with the first top connection 24 by the external thread section of its upper end, and the external thread section of the first valve body 21 lower ends is used for being threaded with lower thermal packer 6; The first through hole 211 that the first valve body 21 middle parts are axially offered is positioned at the top of the second through hole 212, and the two is interconnected, and in the present embodiment, the diameter of the first through hole 211 is greater than the diameter of the second through hole 212.
The first spool 22 of the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 is cylindrical substantially, it has steam injection hole 221, the top external diameter of the first spool 22 is greater than its underpart external diameter, the top external diameter of the first spool 22 is identical with the diameter of the first through hole 211 of the first valve body 21, the lower outer diameter of the first spool 22 is identical with the diameter of the second through hole 212 of the first valve body 21, the top of the first spool 22 is positioned at the first through hole 211 of the first valve body 21, its underpart is located in the second through hole 212 of the first valve body 21, and the first spool 22 can move at the first through hole 211 and the second through hole 212 interior axial reciprocatings of the first valve body 21.In the present embodiment, between the inside wall of the first spool 22 and the first valve body 21, be respectively equipped with a plurality of sealing rings 27, be provided with two sealing rings 27 between the inside wall that top and first valve body 21 of the first spool 22 are offered the first through hole 211, this two sealing ring 27 lays respectively at the up and down two ends of the first oily orifice 213; Between the inside wall that bottom and first valve body 21 of the first spool 22 are offered the second through hole 212, be provided with a sealing ring 27.The slit that those sealing rings 27 are used between sealing the first valve body 21 and the first spool 22 prevents that when steam injection the situation that the first spool 22 exists gas to leak occurs in the first valve body 21 interior axially movable processes.
The valve seat 25 of the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 is flat cylindrical substantially, and it has through hole 251, and the diameter of the second through hole 212 of the external diameter of valve seat 25 and the first valve body 21 is complementary, and valve seat 25 is connected on the first valve body 21 by cutting off pin 26.In the present embodiment, being folded with the first spring 28, the first spools 22 between the first spool 22 and valve seat 25 can be under the resilient force of the first spring 28, moves at the first through hole 211 and the second through hole 212 interior axial reciprocatings of the first valve body 21.
The first valve seat spacing ring 23 of the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 is flat cylindrical substantially, it has through hole 231, the external surface of the first valve seat spacing ring 23 is provided with external thread section, its be positioned at the first valve body 21 the second through hole 212 the lower end and be threaded on the inside wall of the first valve body 21.
Further, the first top connection 24 internal threads of the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 are connected with the first spacing ring 29, the first spacing ring 29 is positioned at the top of the first valve body 21, the first spool 22 contacts are on the lower surface of the first spacing ring 29, the first spacing ring 29 is used for contact the first spool 22, prevents that the first spool 22 from upwards shifting out the first valve body 21 at the resilient force lower shaft of the first spring 28.
Please referring to shown in Figure 3, the second valve body 31 of the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 is cylindrical substantially, its top and bottom are respectively equipped with external thread section, second valve body 31 is threaded with the second top connection 33 by the external thread section of its upper end, and the external thread section of second valve body 31 lower ends is used for being threaded other down-hole kit; The third through-hole 311 that second valve body 31 middle parts are axially offered is positioned at the top of fourth hole 312, and the two is interconnected, and in the present embodiment, the diameter of third through-hole 311 is greater than the diameter of fourth hole 312.
The second spool 32 of the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 is cylindrical substantially, it has steam injection hole 321, the top external diameter of the second spool 32 is greater than its underpart external diameter, the top external diameter of the second spool 32 is identical with the diameter of the third through-hole 311 of second valve body 31, the lower outer diameter of the second spool 32 is identical with the diameter of the fourth hole 312 of second valve body 31, the top of the second spool 32 is positioned at the third through-hole 311 of second valve body 31, its underpart is located in the fourth hole 312 of second valve body 31, and the second spool 32 can move at third through-hole 311 and the fourth hole 312 interior axial reciprocatings of second valve body 31.In the present embodiment, between the inside wall of the second spool 32 and second valve body 31, be respectively equipped with a plurality of sealing rings 35, be provided with two sealing rings 35 between the inside wall that top and the second valve body 31 of the second spool 32 are offered third through-hole 311, this two sealing ring 35 lays respectively at the up and down two ends of the second oily orifice 313; Between the inside wall that bottom and the second valve body 31 of the second spool 32 are offered fourth hole 312, be provided with a sealing ring 35.Those sealing rings 35 are used for the slit between sealing second valve body 31 and the second spool 32, prevent that when steam injection the situation that the second spool 32 exists gas to leak in second valve body 31 interior axially movable processes occurs.
The second valve seat spacing ring 34 of the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 is flat cylindrical substantially, its external surface is provided with external thread section, the second valve seat spacing ring 34 be positioned at second valve body 31 fourth hole 312 the lower end and be threaded on the inside wall of second valve body 31.In the present embodiment, being folded with the second spring 36, the second spools 32 between the second spool 32 and the second valve seat spacing ring 34 can be under the resilient force of the second spring 36, moves at third through-hole 311 and the fourth hole 312 interior axial reciprocatings of second valve body 31.
Further, the second top connection 33 internal threads of the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 are connected with the second spacing ring 37, the second spacing ring 37 is positioned at the top of second valve body 31, the second spool 32 contacts are on the lower surface of the second spacing ring 37, the second spacing ring 37 is used for contact the second spool 32, prevents that the second spool 32 from upwards shifting out second valve body 31 at the resilient force lower shaft of the second spring 36.
When needs in the oil reservoir during steam injection, steam injection since the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 downward oil reservoirs at first, when inject a certain amount of steam in pulsating steam distributing pipe post after, upper thermal packer 5 and lower thermal packer 6 begin to set, and make oil well be divided into two-layer steam injection.
The second spring 36 of the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 is in free state before steam injection, the second spool 32 is in motionless state, and the upper end area of the second spool 32 is greater than its lower end area, this moment is under continuous steam injection pressure effect, the second spool 32 is subject to downward force action to begin axially to move down, when the second spool 32 is displaced downwardly to the lower end of the second oily orifice 313 of second valve body 31, gas in the pulsating steam distributing pipe post will inject oil reservoir from this second oily orifice 313, because steam injection pressure releases from the second oily orifice 313, this moment, the second spool 32 axially moved up under the resilient force of the second spring 36, thereby block the second oily orifice 313, when the steam injection pressure in the pulsating steam distributing pipe post reaches certain value, the second spool 32 begins again axially to move down, so that steam injection oil reservoir under the second oily orifice 313 interior injections, so repeatedly discontinuity open or close the second oily orifice 313, thereby realize repeatedly the purpose of steam injection in the downward oil reservoir of discontinuity.
When also not annotating the upper strata, the first pulsating steam distributing valve 2 in a state of nature always, the first spring 28 is in compressive state, when needs are annotated oil reservoir, at first throw valve ball from well head, valve ball passes the upper end that the first spool 22 and the first spring 28 drop on valve seat 25, in the present embodiment, valve seat 25 is made by magnetic material, and it can guarantee that valve ball drops on valve seat 25 upper ends reliable and stablely, to guarantee the steam injection passage of valve ball sealing pulsating steam distributing pipe post; After the valve ball seat is located on the valve seat 25, continue steam injection in the oil pipe, along with the rising of steam injection pressure, the pin 26 of cutting off of connecting valve seat 25 and the first valve body 21 is cut off, and at this moment, valve seat 25 drops on the first valve seat spacing ring 23; Because the upper end area of the first spool 22 is greater than its lower end area, under the effect of steam injection pressure, the elastic force that the first spool 22 is subject to downward force action and overcomes spring 28 begins axially to move down, when the first spool 22 moves down into the lower end of the first oily orifice 213 of offering on the first valve body 21 tops, at this moment, because steam injection pressure releases from the first oily orifice 213, the pressure on the first spool 22 tops begins to reduce gradually, it will begin axially to move under the resilient force of the first spring 28, until block the first oily orifice 213; When steam injection pressure reached certain value, the first spool 22 began again to move downward, so repeatedly discontinuity open or close the first oily orifice 213, thereby realize repeatedly the purpose of steam injection in the upwards oil reservoir of discontinuity.
Pulsating steam distributing pipe post of the present utility model, under the steam injection pressure effect of steam injection, the second spool 32 of the second pulsating steam distributing valve 3 is moved at second valve body 31 interior axial reciprocatings, to open or close the second oily orifice 313 on the second valve body 31, the purpose of steam injection in the downward oil reservoir of realization discontinuity; Simultaneously, by throwing valve ball from well head, the valve ball seat is located on the valve seat 25 to seal the steam injection passage of pulsating steam distributing pipe post, under continuous steam injection pressure effect, the first spool 22 is moved at the first valve body 21 interior axial reciprocatings, to open or close the first oily orifice 213 on the first valve body 21, the purpose of steam injection in the upwards oil reservoir of realization discontinuity.This pulsating steam distributing pipe post can be intermittent in the oil reservoir steam injection, by pulsating steam injection generation cavitation, so that casing wall and nearly well ground are carried out steam flush, be arranged in the dirt of casing wall and nearly well ground oil reservoir with removing, improve the crude oil production effect.
The above only is several embodiment of the present utility model, and those skilled in the art can carry out various changes or modification to the utility model embodiment according to the disclosed content of application documents and not break away from spirit and scope of the present utility model.
Claims (9)
1. a pulsating steam distributing pipe post is characterized in that, described pulsating steam distributing pipe post comprises:
Telescoping tube, its upper end is connected with instlated tubular;
The first pulsating steam distributing valve, it is connected to the lower end of described telescoping tube, is connected with thermal packer between described the first pulsating steam distributing valve and described telescoping tube; Wherein, described the first pulsating steam distributing valve comprises:
The first valve body, its upper end links to each other with described upper thermal packer by the first top connection, described the first valve body has the first through hole and second through hole of axial perforation, offer the first oily orifice on the upper end sidewall of described the first valve body, the described first oily orifice is connected with described the first through hole;
The first spool, it can seal with moving axially and be arranged in described the first through hole and described the second through hole, and the lower end of described the first spool is provided with valve seat, and described valve seat is connected in described the first valve body by cutting off pin;
The first valve seat spacing ring, it is positioned at the bottom of described the second through hole, and described the first valve seat spacing ring is connected on described the first valve body;
The second pulsating steam distributing valve, it is connected to the lower end of described the first pulsating steam distributing valve, is connected with lower thermal packer between described the first pulsating steam distributing valve and described the second pulsating steam distributing valve; Wherein, described the second pulsating steam distributing valve comprises:
The second valve body, its upper end links to each other with described lower thermal packer by the second top connection, described second valve body has third through-hole and the fourth hole of axial perforation, offer the second oily orifice on the upper end sidewall of described second valve body, the described second oily orifice is connected with described third through-hole;
The second spool, it can seal with moving axially and be arranged in described third through-hole and the described fourth hole, and the lower end of described the second spool is provided with the second valve seat spacing ring, and described the second valve seat spacing ring is connected in the described second valve body.
2. pulsating steam distributing pipe post as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the diameter of described the first through hole is greater than the diameter of described the second through hole.
3. pulsating steam distributing pipe post as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is folded with the first spring between described the first spool and described valve seat.
4. pulsating steam distributing pipe post as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be connected with the first spacing ring in described the first top connection, described the first spacing ring is positioned at the top of described the first valve body, and described the first spool contact is on the lower surface of described the first spacing ring.
5. pulsating steam distributing pipe post as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with a plurality of sealing rings between the inside wall of described the first spool and described the first valve body.
6. pulsating steam distributing pipe post as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the diameter of described third through-hole is greater than the diameter of described fourth hole.
7. pulsating steam distributing pipe post as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is folded with the second spring between described the second spool and described the second valve seat spacing ring.
8. pulsating steam distributing pipe post as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be connected with the second spacing ring in described the second top connection, described the second spacing ring is positioned at the top of described second valve body, and described the second spool contact is on the lower surface of described the second spacing ring.
9. pulsating steam distributing pipe post as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with a plurality of sealing rings between the inside wall of described the second spool and described second valve body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201320095270 CN203239307U (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2013-03-01 | Impulse type steam distributing tubular column |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201320095270 CN203239307U (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2013-03-01 | Impulse type steam distributing tubular column |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203239307U true CN203239307U (en) | 2013-10-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201320095270 Expired - Fee Related CN203239307U (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2013-03-01 | Impulse type steam distributing tubular column |
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| CN (1) | CN203239307U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014131291A1 (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Pulse-type steam distributing valve |
-
2013
- 2013-03-01 CN CN 201320095270 patent/CN203239307U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014131291A1 (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Pulse-type steam distributing valve |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131016 Termination date: 20210301 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |