CN203223293U

CN203223293U - Distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold-heat-electricity combined supply device

Info

Publication number: CN203223293U
Application number: CN2013200421783U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王海波
Original assignee: Nanjing Reclaimer Environmental Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Reclaimer Environmental Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2013-01-27
Filing date: 2013-01-27
Publication date: 2013-10-02
Anticipated expiration: 2023-01-27

Abstract

The utility model relates to a distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold-heat-electricity combined supply device, wherein exhaust of a pneumatic machine is used as a heat source of a Rankine cycle waste heat boiler. A positive-pressure closed operation mode is adopted for a steam Rankine cycle system. A condenser for exhaust steam at the outlet of a steam turbine is used as a heat source of a heat supply device and an absorption type refrigerating device, thereby realizing step utilization of energy. High-grade energy of the fuel is recycled for generating power. More than 340 kilowatt-hour of electric energy can be recycled for each ton of evaporation amount (or 0.7 MW of supplied heat). Simultaneously cold heat combined production is realized, and waste heat of flue is recycled efficiently. A steam Rankine cycle system chemical water treatment system has no or only a small amount of waste acid or waste base, thereby effectively preventing oxygen corrosion and scale generation of the boiler. Therefore the distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold-heat-electricity combined supply device has the following advantages: energy saving, environment-friendly performance, and remarkable social benefit.

Description

A kind of distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold, heat and electricity three-way supplying apparatus

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold, heat and electricity three-way supplying apparatus, specifically belong to the energy-conserving and environment-protective technical field.

Background technique

Industrial boiler is widely used in the every field of social production and people's lives as a kind of special equipment of pressure-bearing.The energy of developed country and new developing country's industrial boiler consumption accounts for about 25%～45% of the total power consumption in various countries usually, and the higher waste gas of the temperature of its discharging also is the environmental pollution that causes and the arch-criminal of greenhouse effect.

For a long time, owing to the industrial boiler structure is simple relatively, make relatively easily, without examining, of common occurrence not according to the phenomenon of energy-saving safe technical specification manufacturing installation and use, energy-conservation and emission reduction effect makes people worried.According to statistics, the whole nation with the industrial boiler recoverable amount is being about 530,000,1,250,000 MW, and near 2 times of the station boiler electric motor power, energy consumption reaches 4.2 hundred million tons of standard coals, accounts for 27.8% of national primary energy total quantity consumed.Be example with the efficiency, the average BTHE of China's coal-burned industrial boiler only is 65%, and than low 10～20 percentage points of foreign level, many consumption coals are about 6,000 ten thousand tons every year on average.Be example with the energy for building, China's builder area energy consumption and world level have big gap, according to the investigation of national central heating boiler net to the Northern Residential Buildings heating energy consumption, Beijing, Tianjin and a heating season every square metre of heating energy consumption average out to 24.2kg of the Northeast standard coal, and the average 6.2kg standard coal only of the close Germany of weather conditions, China unit's heating energy consumption is 3.9 times of Germany.Therefore industrial boiler become China carry out energy-saving and cost-reducing, improve efficiency, reduce the main object that pollutes.

Distributed energy resource system be directly in the face of the user, the middle-size and small-size multifunctional energy conversion using system of various form of energy energy is provided by user's request.It is different from centralized production of energy and the supplying mode of traditional " big unit, high-power station, big electrical network ", but be dispersed in user side, reach more high-energy source utilization ratio, more lower energy cost, higher function Security and better multi-functional targets such as environmental-protecting performance with Integrated Energy cascade utilization pattern.Wherein cooling heating and power generation system is main direction and the principal mode of distributed energy development, it also is one of most active system, it is one of focus of developed country's emphasis research and development and application, European Union member countries take different modes such as tax revenue, subsidy to facilitate the supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers project implementation energetically one after another, and for example Italy encourages building to use cooling heating and power generation system with the way of deduction and exemption 20% to 40% fuel cost.Classify by the power subsystem types, mainly contain cold, heat and electricity three-ways such as gas turbine-absorption refrigeration, internal-combustion engine-absorption refrigeration, steam turbine-absorption refrigeration, Stirling-electric hybrid-absorption refrigeration, fuel cell-absorption refrigeration and produce system.

For traditional heating system, though boiler converts 60% to 90% of fuel combustion heat to useful heat energy (steam or hot water) and offers the user, but the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces originally can be as generating (product merit), directly be used as the steam or the hot water that heat lower temperature, the acting capacity loss is very big; Aspect refrigeration, the peak electric load that power plant brings in order to satisfy summer air-conditioning enlarges electrical production, and the excessive waste heat that produces can't utilize, and causes the significant wastage of the energy; Independent absorption refrigeration, again owing to or cold far away apart from thermal source can't be grown the distance conveying, be restricted and make to use, even if Gas Direct-fired type absorption system also to a certain degree exists the high-grade heat of similar boiler to be used for the acting capacity loss of low temperature purpose, in addition, pollute earlier the basic reason that the using energy source pattern of afterwards administering causes energy and environment to be difficult to coordinate especially.

For traditional cold, heat and power triple supply system, undoubtedly have huge vitality and wide development space, but also have certain problem: cold, heat and electricity three-ways such as gas turbine-absorption refrigeration, internal-combustion engine-absorption refrigeration, Stirling-electric hybrid-absorption refrigeration, fuel cell-absorption refrigeration produce system, when employing moves with steam Rankine combined cycle mode, need supporting one-level chemical deionization water system, and the operating cost of Water Treatment is very high, and produce certain waste water, spent acid, salkali waste pollution, must administer.

Therefore how to keep cold, heat and power triple supply system advantage, develop the wider cold, heat and power triple supply system of fuel tolerance, the real shortcoming that solves the low-grade utilization of industrial boiler high-grade fuel, break through traditional thinking and realize that the cold, heat and electricity three-way of environmental protection produces, and becomes the difficult point of this area research.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention is for solving the problem that exists in thermoelectric three jointly-supplying technologies of above-mentioned industrial boiler and traditional cold, propose a kind of distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold, heat and electricity three-way supplying apparatus, by pneumatic circulation, malleation steam Rankine association circulating power generation system, the high-grade energy that reclaims fuel is used for generating, steam output per ton can reclaim the above electric weight of 340 degree, realize that simultaneously cold, heat and electricity three-way produces, and the high efficiente callback fume afterheat.The steam Rankine cycle system does not have spent acid, the salkali waste that traditional chemical water treatment system produces, and because the pure water closed-circuit is adopted in the steam Rankine cycle, avoid oxygen corrosion and the scale problems of traditional boiler of power generation by waste heat, thereby realize the comprehensive cascade utilization of the energy, energy-saving and environmental protection and social benefit are very remarkable.

The objective of the invention is to realize by following measure:

A kind of distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold, heat and electricity three-way supplying apparatus, this device comprises pneumatic circulation means, steam Rankine cycle device, heating arrangement, absorption type refrigerating unit, it is characterized in that:

Pneumatic motor in the described pneumatic circulation comprises that gas turbine, internal-combustion engine or Stirling-electric hybrid etc. adopt the pneumatic motor of gas expansion power generation;

Described pneumatic circulation refers to that air 27 sends into fuel-burning equipment 29 through gas compressor 28, with fuel 30 mixed combustions, drags pneumatic motor 33 generatings through pneumatic motor 31, and the high-temperature flue gas 32 that pneumatic motor 31 is discharged enters steam Rankine cycle system cooling back and discharges.

Described steam Rankine cycle refers to the saturated vapour 2 that come out by exhaust heat boiler body 1, forms superheated vapor 3-1 through superheater 3, sends into steam turbine 4 and drives generators 5 generatings; The exhaust steam 6 that steam turbine 4 comes out condenses into condensed water 8 at condenser 7, and condensed water 8 is sent into feed water preheater 10, exhaust heat boiler body 1 through feed water pump 9, and exhaust heat boiler body 1 produces saturated vapour again, thereby forms steam Rankine cycle loop.

The side of condensing the steam of described condenser 7 adopts the operation under positive pressure mode, i.e. the pressure of steam turbine 4 exhaust steam of coming out is higher than atmospheric pressure, thereby avoids bleeding of air, need not to arrange traditional oxygen-eliminating device in the steam Rankine cycle loop.

Described heating system refers to heat supply water 11 through heat supply water pump 12, heat exchanger 13, condenser 7, forms heating steam (hot water) 15.

Described absorption system refers to heating steam (hot water) 15 as the thermal source of absorption type refrigerating unit 16, forms condensed water 17 after cooling off.

Superheater 3, feed water preheater 10, the heat exchanger 13 of the high-temperature flue gas 32 that pneumatic motor 31 is discharged in exhaust heat boiler body 1 and flue 26 enters atmosphere after lowering the temperature.

When described heat exchanger 13 adopted the separated type heat exchange mode, heat exchanger 13 comprised vaporizer 13-1, condenser 13-2, and phase-change working substance wherein adopts water or other suitable materials;

Phase-change working substance absorbs flue gas in vaporizer 13-1 heat produces saturated vapour, saturated vapour is by condenser 13-2 and heat supply water wall-type heat exchange, the cooling back forms condensation water and is absorbed the heat generation steam of flue gas again by vaporizer 13-1, thereby forms the inner cyclic process of phase-change working substance; Phase-change working substance adopts natural circulation or pump circulation mode, finishes the inner cyclic process of phase-change working substance vaporizer 13-1, condenser 13-2 in heat exchanger 13; Preferable methods is the split type layout of vaporizer, condenser, vaporizer 13-1 is arranged in the flue 26, condenser 13-2 is arranged in outside the flue, adopts natural circulation mode: high-temperature flue gas 32 enters atmosphere after the vaporizer 13-1 of exhaust heat boiler body 1, heating surface superheater 3, feed water preheater 10, heat exchanger 13 cooling; Heat supply water 11 is sent into condenser 7 through heat supply water pump 12, condenser 13-2, forms heating steam (hot water) 15.

Be provided with the makeup Water System supporting with the steam Rankine cycle system: the distilled water 19 in the distilled water tank 20, behind

small pump

21,22 deoxygenations of normal temperature oxygen-eliminating device, mixed bed 23 desalinations, mend the steam Rankine cycle system.

Be provided with heat exchanger 14: that adopts steam turbine 4 draws gas 25 as thermal source, and heat supply water 11 forms heating steam (hot water) 15 after heat supply water pump 12, heat exchanger 13, condenser 7, heat exchanger 14 heating.

Be provided with thermal accumulator 18: when heating system and absorption system fluctuation of load were big, available thermal accumulator 18 balance sysmtes made steam Rankine cycle system energy safety, stable operation.

Described feed water preheater 10,, heat exchanger 13, superheater 3, thermal accumulator 18, condenser 7, heat exchanger 14 can arrange one or morely respectively, adopts series, parallel or series-parallel connection mode to connect.

Device of the present invention can be applied to the station boiler system of combined cycle equally, and the hot water or the steam that produce through condenser 7 heating can use as boiler working medium for existing circulating power station boiler or other steam generator system.

The heat-exchanging element of mentioned aforementioned device can adopt tubulation, fin tube, coiler or spiral groove pipe among the present invention, or adopts the pipe of other augmentation of heat transfer measures or the hollow cavity heat-exchanging element of other patterns.

The a little higher than flue gas acid dew point temperature of wall surface temperature of the vaporizer 13-1 heat exchanger surface of control heat exchanger 13, or the cold end corrosion of adopting corrosion-resistant material effectively to alleviate flue gas, can effectively reduce temperature of exhaust fume, avoid flue gas low-temperature corrosion time, the high efficiente callback fume afterheat.

Unaccounted equipment and standby system thereof, pipeline, instrument, valve among the present invention, be incubated, have the known mature technologies of employing such as regulatory function bypass facility and carry out supporting.

Be provided with the safe regulating controller with distributed industrial boiler cold, heat and electricity triple supply matched with devices of the present invention, make device can economy, safety, high thermal efficiency operation, reach purpose energy-saving and cost-reducing, environmental protection.

The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:

1, energy-saving effect is remarkable: the pressure of Rankine cycle steam can be broken through traditional Rankine cycle technical limitations among the present invention, can conveniently adopt high pressure, subcritical, overcritical even ultra supercritical pressure and need not to use thermal cycle technology again, temperature during vapor (steam) temperature can be selected, inferior high temperature, effectively reduce engineering cost, thereby effectively improve thermal efficiency of cycle and circulating generation amount, the sure fully generated energy that reduces when offsetting in traditional Rankine cycle unit from back pressure to the negative pressure condensing temperature, only steam output per ton (or 0.7MW heating load) just can reclaim the above electric weight of 340 degree, and the thermal efficiency of whole Integrated Energy cascade utilization system can reach more than 80%.

2, adopt the indirect heating mode: the steam Rankine cycle system adopts indirect heating, malleation, closed operation mode to hot user, for hot user and absorption system provide thermal source, the direct open type heat-supplying mode that is different from traditional back pressure or sucking condensing type unit, with the condenser of steam Rankine cycle system as outer heater for steam or hot water, whole closed-circuit retrieval systems of condensed water and do not have loss of steam and water.

3, low equipment investment, operating cost descend significantly:

(1) eliminated that traditional vapour condenser negative pressure operation technique inevitably leaks gas, water leakage phenomenon, need not in the Rankine cycle loop, to arrange oxygen-eliminating device, air ejector, the loss of steam and water of having avoided operations such as traditional oxygen-eliminating device, air ejector to cause; Avoided conventional art to reclaim pollution and the loss of steam and water of water of condensation, only need replenish the water loss that the turbine shaft leak sealing vapour of minute quantity causes, can mend into system by outsourcing or self-control distilled water;

(2) because of malleation, closed operation, avoided oxygen corrosion, the scaling phenomenon of traditional Rankine cycle steam generator system, system's loss of steam and water descends significantly, need not to be equipped with huge, complicated chemical water treatment system, the operating cost of water treatment system descends significantly, and absolute value can reduce by 90%;

(3) because of much smaller than traditional vapour condenser of the exhaust steam specific volume of steam turbine, the volume of steam turbine can reduce significantly, vapour condenser volume ratio conventional art much smaller, thereby the relative price of steam turbine, condenser apparatus reduces a lot.

4, fume afterheat high efficiente callback: when the heat exchanger that back-end ductwork arranges adopts phase-change heat-exchanger, waste heat that can the high efficiente callback flue gas, temperature of exhaust fume can be reduced to about 120 ℃; Owing to adopting the outer air preheater technology of stove, air preheater is effectively avoided because of the air short circuit phenomenon that dust contained flue gas, cold end corrosion etc. causes, and layout is very convenient, and air preheater heating process is in conjunction with phase-change heat transfer, and facility compact, heat transfer are efficiently.

5, safety in operation obviously improves:

(1) because adopting the malleation mode, back pressure moves, steam turbine outlet exhaust steam can guarantee certain degree of superheat, design, operation and safety problem that traditional Rankine cycle power generator turbine exhaust stage blade brings because of wet vapor have been overcome, steam turbine back pressure operation under positive pressure, outlet steam is superheated vapor, last stage vane of steam turbine brings because of wet vapor in traditional steam Rankine cycle problem design, manufacturing and operation problem have fundamentally been eliminated, the operating conditions of steam turbine is optimized, and obviously improves before the vibration of steam turbine generator set;

(2) the oxygen corrosion Safety performance of steam boiler system is obviously improved, and has avoided traditional steam Rankine cycle generator set because of the operation of vapour condenser negative pressure, and air unavoidably bleeds and the oxygen corrosion that service system causes is endangered;

(3) scale hazard of steam Rankine cycle system is eliminated, and has effectively alleviated the generation of accidents such as the overheated booster of heating surface, and the operating conditions of superheater obviously improves, and Security obviously improves.

6, can conveniently realize cascaded utilization of energy: fuel tolerance is wide, can adopt coal, biomass fuel, oil gas etc. easily.Than traditional technology, realized very easily conveniently realizing supplying superheated vapor, high-temperature-hot-water by the matter energy, effectively realize three alliances of cool and thermal power, the cascade utilization rate height of energy, total energy efficient is apparently higher than Generator Set.

7, solve traditional small capacity Combined Cycle Unit and industrial boiler and can't use the technical barrier of cogeneration of heat and power because of reasons such as water treatments, it is the breakthrough to conventional art, alleviated the spent acid in traditional Rankine cycle technology, the pollution problem that salkali waste causes largely, the sewer of the minute quantity of steam generator system also can be effectively addressed by water charging system.

8, the outage of supply system, short of electricity self-insurance ability strengthen, when external power supply system is cut off the power supply, the power generation system of industrial boiler cold, heat and electricity three-way supplying apparatus can be to the key equipment self-insurance of powering, strengthen safety operation elasticity and the flexibility of whole system, be convenient to the rapid enforcement of safe emergency measure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 be of the present invention a kind of distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold, heat and electricity three-way supplying apparatus schematic flow sheet.

Among Fig. 1: 1-exhaust heat boiler body, 2-saturated vapour, 3-superheater, the 3-1-superheated vapor, 4-steam turbine, 5-generator, the 6-exhaust steam, 7-condenser, 8-condensed water, the 9-feed water pump, 10-feed water preheater, 11-heat supply water, 12-heat supply water pump, 13-heat exchanger, 13-1-vaporizer, the 13-2-condenser, 14-heat exchanger, 15-heating steam (hot water), the 16-absorption type refrigerating unit, 17-condensed water, 18-thermal accumulator, 19-distilled water, 20-distilled water tank, 21-small pump, 22-normal temperature oxygen-eliminating device, 23-mixed bed, the 24-waterpipe that backflows, 25-draws gas, 26-flue, 27-air, the 28-gas compressor, 29-fuel-burning equipment, 30-fuel, the 31-pneumatic motor, 32-high-temperature flue gas, 33-generator.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.

Embodiment 1.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold, heat and electricity three-way supplying apparatus, this device comprises pneumatic circulation means, steam Rankine cycle device, heating arrangement, absorption type refrigerating unit, specific embodiment is as follows:

Pneumatic motor in the described pneumatic circulation adopts gas turbine;

Described heat exchanger 13 adopts the separated type heat exchange mode, heat exchanger 13 comprises vaporizer 13-1, condenser 13-2, phase-change working substance wherein adopts water, adopt natural circulation mode, the high-temperature flue gas that fuel combustion produces enters atmosphere after the vaporizer 13-1 of boiler body 1, heating surface superheater 3, feed water preheater 10, heat exchanger 13 cooling; Heat supply water 11 is sent into condenser 7 through heat supply water pump 12, condenser 13-2, forms heating steam (hot water) 15.

Be provided with the makeup Water System supporting with the steam Rankine cycle system: the distilled water 19 in the distilled water tank 20, mend the steam Rankine cycle system through small pump 21, normal temperature oxygen-eliminating device 22.

Though the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above, they are not to limit the present invention, anyly are familiar with this skill person, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, when doing various variations or retouching, belong to the present invention's protection domain equally certainly.Therefore protection scope of the present invention should with the application claim was defined is as the criterion.

Claims

One kind distributed pneumatic-Rankine combined cycle cold, heat and electricity three-way supplying apparatus, this device comprises pneumatic circulation, steam Rankine cycle system, heating system, absorption system, it is characterized in that:

Described pneumatic circulation, refer to that air (27) sends into fuel-burning equipment (29) through gas compressor (28), with fuel (30) mixed combustion, drag pneumatic motor (33) generating through pneumatic motor (31), the high-temperature flue gas (32) that pneumatic motor (31) is discharged enters steam Rankine cycle system cooling back and discharges;

Described steam Rankine cycle refers to the saturated vapour (2) that come out by exhaust heat boiler body (1), forms superheated vapor (3-1) through superheater (3), sends into steam turbine (4) and drives generator (5) generating; The exhaust steam (6) that steam turbine (4) comes out condenses into condensed water (8) at condenser (7), condensed water (8) is sent into exhaust heat boiler body (1) through feed water pump (9), exhaust heat boiler body (1) produces saturated vapour again, thereby forms malleation steam Rankine cycle loop;

The side of condensing the steam of described condenser (7) adopts the operation under positive pressure mode, i.e. the pressure of steam turbine (4) exhaust steam of coming out is higher than atmospheric pressure.
2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Be provided with feed water preheater (10):

Saturated vapour (2) by exhaust heat boiler body (1) comes out forms superheated vapor (3-1) through superheater (3), sends into steam turbine (4) and drives generator (5) generating; The exhaust steam (6) that steam turbine (4) comes out condenses into condensed water (8) at condenser (7), condensed water (8) is sent into exhaust heat boiler body (1) through feed water pump (9), feed water preheater (10), exhaust heat boiler body (1) produces saturated vapour again, thereby forms steam Rankine cycle loop.
3. device according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

Be provided with heating system: the outlet exhaust steam (6) of steam turbine (4) forms condensed water (8) through condenser (7) cooling and returns the steam Rankine cycle system; Heat supply water (11) forms heating steam or hot water (15) through heat supply water pump (12), condenser (7).
4. device according to claim 3 is characterized in that:

Be provided with first heat exchanger (13): heat supply water (11) forms heating steam or hot water (15) through heat supply water pump (12), first heat exchanger (13), condenser (7); Flue gas is through exhaust heat boiler body (1), superheater (3) or and feed water preheater (10), first heat exchanger (13) cooling back discharge.
5. device according to claim 4 is characterized in that:

Be provided with second heat exchanger (14): draw gas (25) of steam turbine (4) form condensed water through second heat exchanger (14) and return the steam Rankine cycle system; Heat supply water (11) is through heat supply water pump (12) or and first heat exchanger (13), condenser (7), second heat exchanger (14) formation heating steam or hot water (15).
6. device according to claim 5 is characterized in that:

Be provided with absorption system: heating steam or hot water (15) form condensed water (17) as the thermal source of absorption type refrigerating unit (16) after absorption type refrigerating unit (16) cooling.
7. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that:

Be provided with thermal accumulator (18): when heating system and absorption system fluctuation of load were big, heating steam or hot water (15) carried out stand-by heat through thermal accumulator (18).
8. according to the described device of one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that:

Be provided with makeup Water System: the distilled water (19) in the distilled water tank (20), mend the steam Rankine cycle system through small pump (21), normal temperature oxygen-eliminating device (22).
9. according to the described device of one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that:

Be provided with mixed bed (23): the distilled water (19) in the distilled water tank (20), mend the steam Rankine cycle system through small pump (21), normal temperature oxygen-eliminating device (22), mixed bed (23).
10. device according to claim 4 is characterized in that:

Described first heat exchanger (13) adopts dividing wall type or separated type heat exchange mode with flue gas.
11. device according to claim 10 is characterized in that:

Heat supply water (11) in described first heat exchanger (13) adopts the separated type heat exchange mode with flue gas, and heat exchanger (13) comprises vaporizer (13-1), condenser (13-2); Vaporizer (13-1) is arranged in fume side, and with the flue gas wall-type heat exchange, the phase-change working substance heat absorption produces steam, discharges behind the flue gas cool-down by phase-change working substance; Phase-change working substance steam is by condenser (13-2) and heat supply water (11) wall-type heat exchange, and the cooling back forms condensation water and absorbed the heat generation steam of flue gas again by vaporizer (13-1), thereby forms the inner cyclic process of phase-change working substance.
12. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that:

Described feed water preheater (10), first heat exchanger (13), second heat exchanger (14), air preheater (29), superheater (3), thermal accumulator (18), condenser (7) can arrange one or more respectively, adopt series, parallel or series-parallel connection mode to connect.