CN203173900U - Coking waste water deep treatment equipment - Google Patents
Coking waste water deep treatment equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN203173900U CN203173900U CN201320042812.3U CN201320042812U CN203173900U CN 203173900 U CN203173900 U CN 203173900U CN 201320042812 U CN201320042812 U CN 201320042812U CN 203173900 U CN203173900 U CN 203173900U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种焦化废水深度处理设备。 The utility model relates to advanced treatment equipment for coking wastewater. the
背景技术 Background technique
焦化废水包含了煤气生产、炼焦、冶金和陶瓷窖炉生产过程中产生的废水、具有高有机物、高酚、高氨氮特点,甚至有的还含氰,悬浮物和色度也很高,属于高浓度难生化降解的有机废水。经过氧化及生化处理的焦化废水的COD值仍然较高,不能直接排放,需使用焦化废水深度处理设备进行处理。现有的焦化废水深度处理设备的处理效果较差。 Coking wastewater includes the wastewater produced in the process of gas production, coking, metallurgy and ceramic kiln furnace production. It has the characteristics of high organic matter, high phenol, high ammonia nitrogen, and some even contain cyanide. The suspended solids and chroma are also high, which belongs to high Concentration of organic wastewater that is difficult to biodegrade. The COD value of the coking wastewater treated by oxidation and biochemical treatment is still high and cannot be discharged directly. It needs to be treated with coking wastewater advanced treatment equipment. The treatment effect of the existing coking wastewater advanced treatment equipment is poor. the
实用新型内容 Utility model content
基于此,有必要提供一种处理效果较好的焦化废水深度处理设备。 Based on this, it is necessary to provide a coking wastewater advanced treatment equipment with better treatment effect. the
一种焦化废水深度处理设备,用于对焦化废水进行深度处理,包括: An advanced treatment equipment for coking wastewater, which is used for advanced treatment of coking wastewater, including:
一级粗滤装置,所述一级粗滤装置用于对所述焦化废水进行一级粗滤; A first-level coarse filtration device, the first-level coarse filtration device is used to perform a first-level coarse filtration of the coking wastewater;
二级粗滤装置,与所述一级粗滤装置连通,所述二级粗滤装置用于对所述焦化废水进行二级粗滤; A secondary coarse filtration device communicated with the primary coarse filtration device, and the secondary coarse filtration device is used for secondary coarse filtration of the coking wastewater;
一级保安过滤装置,与所述二级粗滤装置连通,所述一级保安过滤装置用于对焦化废水进行一级保安过滤; The first-level security filter device is connected with the second-level coarse filter device, and the first-level security filter device is used for the first-level security filtration of coking wastewater;
纳滤装置,与所述一级保安过滤装置连通,所述纳滤装置用于对焦化废水进行纳滤处理; The nanofiltration device communicates with the primary security filtration device, and the nanofiltration device is used for nanofiltration treatment of coking wastewater;
二级保安过滤装置,与所述纳滤装置连通,所述二级保安过滤装置用于对焦化废水进行二级保安过滤;及 A secondary security filter device is communicated with the nanofiltration device, and the secondary security filter device is used for secondary security filtration of coking wastewater; and
反渗透过滤装置,与所述二级保安过滤装置连通,所述反渗透过滤装置用于对焦化废水进行反渗透过滤。 The reverse osmosis filter device communicates with the secondary security filter device, and the reverse osmosis filter device is used for reverse osmosis filtration of coking wastewater. the
在其中一个实施例中,所述一级粗滤装置为罐体式的过滤器械。 In one of the embodiments, the primary coarse filtration device is a tank-type filtration device. the
在其中一个实施例中,所述二级粗滤装置为罐体式的过滤器械。 In one of the embodiments, the secondary coarse filtering device is a tank-type filtering device. the
在其中一个实施例中,还包括一级过渡装置,所述一级过渡装置连通所述一级粗滤装置及二级粗滤装置。 In one of the embodiments, a primary transition device is further included, and the primary transition device communicates with the primary coarse filtration device and the secondary coarse filtration device. the
在其中一个实施例中,还包括二级过渡装置,所述二级过渡装置连通所述纳滤装置及所述二级保安过滤装置。 In one of the embodiments, it further includes a secondary transition device, and the secondary transition device communicates with the nanofiltration device and the secondary security filter device. the
在其中一个实施例中,所述一级保安过滤装置设有用于投放阻垢剂的投药口。 In one of the embodiments, the primary security filter device is provided with an injection port for injecting scale inhibitor. the
在其中一个实施例中,所述二级保安过滤装置设有用于投放阻垢剂的投药口。 In one of the embodiments, the secondary security filter device is provided with an injection port for injecting scale inhibitor. the
上述焦化废水深度处理设备处理的焦化废水的COD值较低,同时可以除去焦化废水中的杂质,使焦化废水可以达标排放。 The COD value of the coking wastewater treated by the above-mentioned coking wastewater advanced treatment equipment is low, and at the same time, impurities in the coking wastewater can be removed, so that the coking wastewater can be discharged up to the standard. the
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为一实施方式的焦化废水处理系统的结构示意图; Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the coking wastewater treatment system of an embodiment;
图2为反渗透过滤处理工艺的示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reverse osmosis filtration treatment process. the
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
为了便于理解本实用新型,下面将参照相关附图对本实用新型进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本实用新型的首选实施例。但是,本实用新型可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使对本实用新型的公开内容更加透彻全面。 In order to facilitate the understanding of the utility model, the utility model will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present utility model are provided in the accompanying drawings. However, the invention can be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive. the
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固设于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。 It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions are used herein for purposes of illustration only. the
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本实用新型的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本实用新型的说明书中所 使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本实用新型。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。 Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field of this invention. The terminology used in the description of the utility model herein is only for the purpose of describing specific embodiment, is not intended to limit the utility model. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. the
请参阅图1,一实施方式的焦化废水处理系统10包括焦化废水煤焦油处理设备100、吹脱塔300、焦化废水氧化及生化处理设备500及焦化废水深度处理设备700。
Please refer to FIG. 1 , a coking
请参阅图2,焦化废水煤焦油处理设备100用于去除焦化废水中的煤焦油。焦化废水煤焦油处理设备100包括隔油装置110、调节装置120、气浮装置130及酸析装置140。
Please refer to FIG. 2 , coking wastewater coal
隔油装置110用于除去焦化废水中颗粒较大的悬浮油。焦化废水中含有大量的焦油,如不去除对后续的物化处理产生严重影响(尤其是油进入生化系统后会对大大降低生化菌的活性)。隔油装置110是利用油与水的比重差异,分离去除焦化废水中颗粒较大的悬浮油的一种处理构筑物。具体的,隔油装置110可以为隔油箱、隔油池或隔油罐等形式,只要能达到除去焦化废水中颗粒较大的悬浮油的作用即可。
The
隔油装置110的构造多采用平流式,含油的焦化废水通过配水槽进入平面为矩形的池中,沿水平方向缓慢流动,在流动中油类上浮至水面,由集油管或设置在池面的刮油机推送到集油管中然后流入脱水罐。在池中沉淀下来的重油及其他杂质,积聚到池底污泥斗中,通过排泥管进入污泥罐中,经过隔油处理的废水则溢流入排水渠排出池外,进行后续处理,以去除乳化油及其他污染物。
The structure of the
需要说明的是,焦化废水在进入隔油装置110处理之前可使用调节池或调节箱(图未示)处理,使进入隔油装置110的废水均质化,从而保证进入隔油装置110的焦化废水的水质是稳定的,因此,可以在隔油装置110之前设置调节池或调节箱。本实施方式中,调节池或调节箱与隔油装置110的体积比为1:5~1:3。
It should be noted that before entering the
调节装置120与隔油装置110相连通。调节装置120用于收容经过隔油装置110处理过的焦化废水,使收容在调节装置120的焦化废水均质化,从而保证进入气浮装置130的焦化废水的水质是稳定的,从而可以根据调节装置120 内焦化废水的相关参数设置气浮装置130的相关参数。调节装置120可以为调节池或调节箱。
The regulating
气浮装置130与调节装置120相连通。气浮装置130用于去除焦化废水中较大的悬浮物。气浮是利用高度分散的微小气泡为载体去粘附废水中疏水基的物体,使其小气泡和物体视为一个整体,其整体密度小于水而上浮到水面,从而实现固液或者液液分离的过程。气浮装置130可以为平流式气浮装置或升流式气浮装置,优选为平流式气浮装置。
The
根据微气泡产生的原理不同,气浮装置130可以为曝气气浮装置、溶气气浮装置及电解气浮装置,只要能除去焦化废水中的较大的悬浮物即可,根据需要还可将曝气气浮装置、溶气气浮装置及电解气浮装置中的至少两个串联使用。
According to the principle of microbubble generation, the
溶气气浮是指空气加压溶入水中达到饱和,溶气水流减压进入气浮池时即释出微气泡。加压溶气水可以是所处理水的全部或一部分,也可以是气浮池出水的回流水,回流水量占所处理水量的百分比称回流比,是影响气浮效率的重要因素,须由试验确定。加压溶气法的设备有加压泵、溶气罐和空气压缩机等。溶气罐为承压钢筒,内部常设置导流板或放置填料。溶气罐出水通过减压阀或释放器进入气浮池。 Dissolved air flotation means that air is pressurized and dissolved in water to reach saturation, and microbubbles are released when the dissolved air flow enters the air flotation tank under reduced pressure. The pressurized dissolved air water can be all or part of the treated water, or it can be the reflux water from the effluent of the air flotation tank. The percentage of the reflux water to the treated water is called the reflux ratio, which is an important factor affecting the air flotation efficiency and must be determined by experiment. . The equipment for the pressurized dissolved air method includes a pressurized pump, an air dissolved tank, and an air compressor. The dissolved air tank is a pressure-bearing steel cylinder, and deflectors or fillers are often arranged inside. The effluent from the dissolved air tank enters the air flotation tank through a pressure reducing valve or a release device. the
酸析装置140与气浮装置130连通。酸析装置140用于进一步除去焦化废水中的乳化状煤焦油。酸析是在酸性条件下,将部分物质从溶解状态或者胶体状态变成悬浮状态,然后进行分离(使用沉淀或者气浮)。本实施方式中,酸析是用酸(盐酸或者硫酸)将水中的乳化油变成悬浮物质。需要说明的是,酸析可以是独立的酸析装置,也可以可在沉淀塔、气浮等设备上加酸析功能,其实就是一个加酸剂的加药装置加搅拌机。
The
焦化废水经过焦化废水煤焦油处理设备100处理后煤焦油的含量在20mg/L以内,可以避免过量的煤焦油对后续的处理设备产生破坏。
After the coking wastewater is treated by the coking wastewater coal
吹脱塔300与调节装置130连通。吹脱塔300用于除去焦化废水中以铵离子(NH4+)和游离氨(NH3)状态存在的氮。
The stripping
NH4+和NH3的平衡关系如下所示: The equilibrium relationship between NH 4+ and NH 3 is as follows:
NH3+H2O→NH4++OH- NH 3 +H 2 O→NH 4+ +OH -
该平衡关系受pH值的影响,当pH值高时,平衡向左移动,游离氨的比例增大。常温时,当pH值为7左右时氨氮大多数以铵离子状态存在,而pH为11左右时,游离氨大致占98%,游离氨易于从水中逸出,如加以曝气的话,则可以促使氨从水中逸出,其中,pH是效果关键。 The equilibrium relationship is affected by the pH value. When the pH value is high, the equilibrium shifts to the left and the proportion of free ammonia increases. At room temperature, when the pH value is about 7, most of the ammonia nitrogen exists in the state of ammonium ions, and when the pH value is about 11, free ammonia accounts for about 98%, and free ammonia is easy to escape from the water. If it is aerated, it can promote Ammonia escapes from the water, where pH is key to the effect. the
不同pH、温度下氨氮的离解率(%,即游离氨与水的分离率)如下表所示 The dissociation rate of ammonia nitrogen at different pH and temperature (%, that is, the separation rate of free ammonia and water) is shown in the table below
一般情况下,吹脱塔300的构造采用气液接触装置,在塔的内部填充填料,用以提高接触面积。调节pH值后的水从塔的上部淋洒到填料上而形成水滴,顺着填料的间隙次第落下,与由风机从塔底向上吹送的空气逆流接触,完成传质过程,使氨由液相转为气相,随空气排放,完成吹脱过程,脱除率达75%以上。低浓度废水通常在常温下用空气吹脱,而高浓度废水则常在加温状态下进行吹脱。
Generally, the structure of the stripping
吹脱后的氨气随后进入氨气吸收净化塔,在塔内使氨气与吸收液产生化学反应,可使气体达标排放、无污染。 The stripped ammonia gas then enters the ammonia gas absorption and purification tower, where the ammonia gas and the absorption liquid react chemically, so that the gas can be discharged up to the standard without pollution. the
需要说明的是,调节装置120可以省略,此时隔油装置110直接与气浮装置130连通,此时通过隔油装置110处理的焦化废水直接进入气浮装置130中进行处理;或隔油装置110与吹脱塔300连通,吹脱塔300与气浮装置130连通,此时通过隔油装置110处理的焦化废水进入吹脱塔300中进行处理,经过吹脱塔300处理的焦化废水进入气浮装置130进行处理。
It should be noted that the regulating
焦化废水氧化及生化处理设备500包括一级电催化氧化装置510、沉淀装置520、过渡装置530、厌氧装置540、缺氧装置550、好氧装置560、二级电催化氧化装置570、沉淀池580、曝气生物滤池610及膜生物反应器620。
Coking wastewater oxidation and biochemical treatment equipment 500 includes a primary
一级电催化氧化装置510与酸析装置140连通。一级电催化氧化装置510用于对焦化废水进行电催化氧化,以提高焦化废水中5日生化需氧量(BOD5) 与化学需氧量(COD)的比值,从而提高焦化废水的可生化性。具体在本实施例中,一级电催化氧化装置510为电催化氧化塔。
The primary
一级电催化氧化装置510的工作机理如下:
The working mechanism of the first-stage
酸性条件下,在电催化氧化的6~24V低压直流静电场中,在存在能够高效激发羟基自由基离子的催化剂存在的条件下,调节pH≤4后,加入适量的FeSO4和H2O2,同时生成羟基自由基子·OH,因·OH具有极强氧化性,使部分有机物变成CO2和H2O,残存有机物进行水解-酸化,大分子子断链成小分子,进一步使小分子有机物氧化成有机酸,从而提升BOD5/COD比值,奠定了后续生化处理的基础。 Under acidic conditions, in the 6~24V low-voltage DC electrostatic field of electrocatalytic oxidation, in the presence of a catalyst that can efficiently excite hydroxyl radical ions, after adjusting the pH to ≤4, add appropriate amount of FeSO 4 and H 2 O 2 , at the same time generate hydroxyl radicals·OH, because·OH has a strong oxidizing property, so that part of the organic matter becomes CO 2 and H 2 O, and the remaining organic matter undergoes hydrolysis-acidification, and the macromolecules are broken into small molecules, which further make the small molecules Organic matter is oxidized into organic acids, thereby increasing the BOD5/COD ratio and laying the foundation for subsequent biochemical treatment.
电催化氧化机理: Mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation:
①羟基自由基的生成 ①Generation of hydroxyl radicals
Fe2++H2O2→Fe3++·OH+OH Fe 2+ +H 2 O 2 →Fe 3+ +·OH+OH
Fe2++·OH→Fe3++OHFe3++H2O2→Fe2++HO2·+H+ Fe 2+ +·OH→Fe 3+ +OHFe 3+ +H 2 O 2 →Fe 2+ +HO 2 ·+H +
HO2·+H2O2→O2↑+H2O+·OH HO 2 ·+H 2 O 2 →O 2 ↑+H 2 O+·OH
②有机物矿化 ② Mineralization of organic matter
RH+·OH→R·+H2O RH+·OH→R·+H 2 O
R·+Fe3+→R++Fe2+ R·+Fe 3+ →R + +Fe 2+
R+O2→ROO+→………→CO2↑+H2O R+O 2 →ROO+→………→CO 2 ↑+H 2 O
注:R为有机物的分子。 Note: R is the molecule of organic matter. the
后续处理工艺通过厌氧菌的“水解”和“酸化”作用,以及后续的好氧菌消化,以厌氧后的有机物为养料被好氧菌吸收分解成CO2和H2O。 The subsequent treatment process uses the "hydrolysis" and "acidification" of anaerobic bacteria, and the subsequent digestion of aerobic bacteria. The anaerobic organic matter is absorbed and decomposed into CO 2 and H 2 O by aerobic bacteria.
一级沉淀装置520与一级电催化氧化装置510连通。一级沉淀装置520用于除去焦化废水中的沉淀。在一级沉淀装置520中添加烧碱,烧碱可以调节焦化废水的pH值,进入一级电催化氧化装置510的焦化废水pH值一般在3.5~4,经一级电催化氧化装置510电催化氧化处理后的焦化废水pH值上升至4.5左右,因此会根据后续处理步骤的需要调节焦化废水的pH值。根据需求不同,一级沉淀装置520可以为沉淀塔、沉淀池、沉淀箱等多种形式。
The
过渡装置530与沉淀装置520连通。过渡装置530用于收容经过一级沉淀装置520处理过的焦化废水,并调节收容在过渡装置530的焦化废水的pH值。本实施方式中,收容在过渡装置530的焦化废水的pH值调节至6.5~7.5。需要说明的是,过渡装置530可以为过渡池或过渡箱,收容在过渡装置530的pH值不限于调节至6.5~7.5,根据后续处理的要求调节收容在过渡装置530中的焦化废水的pH值。需要说明的是,也可以选择在一级沉淀装置520及过渡装置530中的一个来调节焦化废水的pH值。
厌氧装置540与过渡装置530连通。厌氧装置540用于对焦化废水进行厌氧生物处理。对焦化废水进行厌氧生物处理,从而将焦化废水中的有机物分解转化为无机物。厌氧装置540为厌氧池或厌氧箱。
废水厌氧生物处理是指在无分子氧条件下通过厌氧微生物(包括兼氧微生物)的作用,将废水中的各种复杂有机物分解转化成甲烷和二氧化碳等物质的过程,也称厌氧消化。废水厌氧生物处理与好氧过程的根本区别在于不以分子态氧作为受氢体,而以化合态氧、碳、硫、氮等为受氢体。 Anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater refers to the process of decomposing and converting various complex organic substances in wastewater into methane and carbon dioxide through the action of anaerobic microorganisms (including facultative microorganisms) under the condition of no molecular oxygen, also known as anaerobic digestion. . The fundamental difference between the anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater and the aerobic process is that molecular oxygen is not used as the hydrogen acceptor, but combined oxygen, carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, etc. are used as the hydrogen acceptor. the
厌氧生物处理是一个复杂的微生物化学过程,依靠三大主要类群的细菌,即水解产酸细菌、产氢产乙酸细菌和产甲烷细菌的联合作用完成。因而粗略地将厌氧消化过程划分为三个连续的阶段,即水解酸化阶段、产氢产乙酸阶段和产甲烷阶段。 Anaerobic biological treatment is a complex microbial chemical process, which is completed by the joint action of three major groups of bacteria, namely hydrolytic acidogenic bacteria, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria. Therefore, the anaerobic digestion process is roughly divided into three consecutive stages, namely, the hydrolytic acidification stage, the hydrogen-producing acetogenic stage and the methanogenic stage. the
第一阶段为水解酸化阶段。复杂的大分子、不溶性有机物先在细胞外酶的作用下水解为小分子、溶解性有机物,然后渗入细胞体内,分解为小分子、溶解性有机物,然后渗入细胞体内,分解产生挥发性有机酸、醇类、醛类等。这个阶段主要产生较高级脂肪酸。 The first stage is the hydrolytic acidification stage. Complex macromolecules and insoluble organic substances are first hydrolyzed into small molecules and soluble organic substances under the action of extracellular enzymes, and then penetrate into the cell body, decomposed into small molecules and soluble organic substances, and then penetrate into the cell body, decomposed to produce volatile organic acids, Alcohols, aldehydes, etc. This stage mainly produces higher fatty acids. the
第二阶段为产氢产乙酸阶段。在产氢产乙酸细菌的作用下,第一阶段产生的各种有机酸被分解转化成乙酸和氢气,在降解大多数有机酸时还形成二氧化碳。 The second stage is the stage of hydrogen production and acetic acid production. Under the action of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria, various organic acids produced in the first stage are decomposed and converted into acetic acid and hydrogen, and carbon dioxide is also formed when most organic acids are degraded. the
第三阶段为产甲烷阶段。产甲烷细菌将乙酸、乙酸盐、二氧化碳和氢气等转化为甲烷。 The third stage is the methanogenic stage. Methanogenic bacteria convert acetic acid, acetate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, among others, into methane. the
缺氧装置550与厌氧装置540连通。缺氧装置550用于对焦化废水进行生 物反硝化处理。缺氧装置550为缺氧池或缺氧箱。
The
生物反硝化处理是指在缺氧的环境下,兼性厌氧菌以水中的NO3 -或NO2 -代替氧作为电子受体,将NO3 -或NO2 -通过异化作用还原为气态的氮氧化物NO和N2O,然后继续还原为N2的过程。反硝化菌有异养型反硝化菌和自养型反硝化菌以及兼性化能自养型反硝化菌。异养型反硝化菌在厌氧条件下利用NO3 -或NO2 -中的氧去氧化有机质,获得能量;自养型反硝化菌如脱氮硫杆菌(T.denitrificans)在缺氧环境中利用NO3 -中的氧将硫或硫代硫酸盐氧化成硫酸盐,从中获得能量来同化CO2;兼性化能自养型,如脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans)能利用氢的氧化作用作为能源,以O2或NO3 -作为电子受体,使NO3 -被还原成N2O或N2。 Biological denitrification treatment means that in an anoxic environment, facultative anaerobic bacteria use NO 3 - or NO 2 - in water instead of oxygen as the electron acceptor, and reduce NO 3 - or NO 2 - to gaseous state through dissimilation Nitrogen oxides NO and N 2 O, and then continue the process of reduction to N 2 . Denitrifying bacteria include heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and facultative chemoautotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria use the oxygen in NO 3 - or NO 2 - to oxidize organic matter and obtain energy under anaerobic conditions; autotrophic denitrifying bacteria such as denitrificans (T.denitrificans) Utilize the oxygen in NO 3 - to oxidize sulfur or thiosulfate to sulfate, and obtain energy from it to assimilate CO 2 ; facultative chemoautotrophs, such as Paracoccus denitrificans can use the oxidation of hydrogen As an energy source, NO 3 - is reduced to N 2 O or N 2 with O 2 or NO 3 - as an electron acceptor.
好氧装置560与缺氧装置550连通。好氧装置560用于让活性污泥进行有氧呼吸,进一步把有机物分解成无机物(比如水和二氧化碳)。本实施方式中,好氧装置560为多管内循环三相生物流化床。需要说明的是,好氧装置560也可为其他类型的三相流化床。
The
多管内循环三相生物流化床是一种新型的流化床反应器,它在保持传统三相生物流化床所具有优点:反应器内混合性能好、传质速率快、污泥浓度大、有机物负荷高的同时,解决了传统三相生物流化床存在的问题,并具有一系列新的特点,具体表现在以下: The multi-tube internal circulation three-phase biological fluidized bed is a new type of fluidized bed reactor, which maintains the advantages of the traditional three-phase biological fluidized bed: good mixing performance in the reactor, fast mass transfer rate, and large sludge concentration , While the load of organic matter is high, it solves the problems existing in the traditional three-phase biological fluidized bed, and has a series of new features, as follows:
①可控制生物膜厚度的过度增长。在传统三相生物流化床中,气速和液速均不能很大,如果大大地超过载体的终端沉降速度,则由于载体只作单向上流运动,生物粒子将大量进入沉淀分离区,因此极易带出反应器。为了防止载体的流失,反应器内流体的剪切力不能有效地控制过度增长的生物膜。而在循环式流化床中,由于气、液、固在升流区和降流区之间循环流动,循环速度很大,载体却不易被带出反应器,在一般情况下,循环速率远大于载体终端沉速,流体造成的剪切作用可有效控制生物膜厚度,以避免过厚的生物膜引起的内传质阻力增大,使循环式流化床中生物膜保持较高的活性。 ①It can control the excessive growth of biofilm thickness. In the traditional three-phase biological fluidized bed, neither the gas velocity nor the liquid velocity can be very large. If it greatly exceeds the terminal sedimentation velocity of the carrier, a large number of biological particles will enter the sedimentation and separation area because the carrier only moves upward in one direction. Therefore, Very easy to take out of the reactor. In order to prevent the loss of the carrier, the shear force of the fluid in the reactor cannot effectively control the excessive growth of the biofilm. In a circulating fluidized bed, since the gas, liquid, and solid circulate between the upflow zone and the downflow zone, the circulation speed is very high, but the carrier is not easily taken out of the reactor. Due to the terminal sinking speed of the carrier, the shearing effect caused by the fluid can effectively control the thickness of the biofilm, so as to avoid the increase of the internal mass transfer resistance caused by the too thick biofilm, so that the biofilm in the circulating fluidized bed can maintain a high activity. the
②载体流失量少。由于循环式流化床的紊动剪切及摩擦可使过厚的生物膜自行脱落,因此可防止载体的大量流失。 ②The amount of carrier loss is small. Due to the turbulent shear and friction of the circulating fluidized bed, the over-thick biofilm can fall off by itself, so it can prevent the loss of a large amount of carriers. the
③载体流化性能好。传统三相生物流化床为保证载体的充分流化,在不进行回流的情况下必须采用较大的高径比,即反应器的直径必须小,高度较大,而循环式生物流化床只要升流筒直径合适(过小会引起气泡聚和)并保证一定的表观气速,就可实现良好的载体分流。同时,载体在升流区和降流区之间循环流动,所受到的摩擦,剪切力基本相同,不存在传统三相流化床中的载体分层现象,载体流化具有良好的均匀性,这对于生物膜的良好生长十分有利。 ③The fluidization performance of the carrier is good. In order to ensure the full fluidization of the carrier, the traditional three-phase biological fluidized bed must adopt a larger aspect ratio without reflux, that is, the diameter of the reactor must be small and the height must be large, while the circulating biological fluidized bed As long as the diameter of the upflow tube is appropriate (too small will cause bubbles to coalesce) and a certain superficial gas velocity is guaranteed, good carrier splitting can be achieved. At the same time, the carrier circulates between the upflow zone and the downflow zone, and the friction and shear force it receives are basically the same. There is no carrier stratification phenomenon in the traditional three-phase fluidized bed, and the carrier fluidization has good uniformity. , which is very beneficial for the good growth of biofilm. the
④氧的转移效率高。传统三相流化床全部从反应器顶部溢出,而在循环式流化床中,液体在升流管和降流管之间循环流动,循环液体将升流管中的一些小气泡挟带进入降流管,只有部分气体从顶部逸出,使气液接触时间延长,故充氧效率高。 ④ high transfer efficiency of oxygen. The traditional three-phase fluidized bed overflows from the top of the reactor, while in the circulating fluidized bed, the liquid circulates between the riser and the downcomer, and the circulating liquid entrains some small air bubbles in the riser into the reactor. In the downflow tube, only part of the gas escapes from the top, so that the gas-liquid contact time is prolonged, so the oxygenation efficiency is high. the
内循环三相生物流化床还具有以下优点:相对接触氧化COD承受力高,不会因为进水COD过高而抑制生化;流动阻力小,在维持同样循环速度的情况下供气量可减小,从而降低了运行费用;反应器起始流化较容易,减少了操作运行的复杂性;由于结构更加紧凑,可减少所占空间及地面。 The internal circulation three-phase biological fluidized bed also has the following advantages: relatively high tolerance to contact oxidation COD, and will not inhibit biochemistry due to high COD in the influent; small flow resistance, the gas supply can be reduced while maintaining the same circulation speed Small size, which reduces operating costs; the initial fluidization of the reactor is easier, reducing the complexity of operation; due to the more compact structure, it can reduce the occupied space and ground. the
二级电催化氧化装置570与好氧装置560连通。二级电催化氧化装置570用于对焦化废水进行深度电氧化,进一步分解之前流程中没有分解完全的大分子有机物。具体在本实施方式中,二级电催化氧化装置570为电催化氧化塔。
The secondary
二级电催化氧化装置570中使用的氧化剂为H2SO4和H2O2。
The oxidants used in the secondary
二级沉淀装置580与二级电催化氧化装置570连通。二级沉淀装置520用于除去焦化废水中的沉淀。根据需求不同,二级沉淀装置580可以为沉淀塔、沉淀池、沉淀箱等多种形式。
The
曝气生物滤池610与二级沉淀装置580连通。曝气生物滤池610属于好氧装置的一种,用于让活性污泥进行有氧呼吸,进一步把有机物分解成无机物。
The biological
优选的,焦化废水在曝气生物滤池610中停留的时间为12小时。
Preferably, the residence time of the coking wastewater in the biological
曝气生物滤池(BAF)是一种新型生物膜法污水处理工艺,最大规模达几十万吨每天,并发展为可以脱氮除磷,具有去除SS、COD、BOD、硝化、脱氮、除磷、去除AOX(有害物质)的作用。曝气生物滤池610集生物氧化和截留悬浮固体一体,节省了后续沉淀池(二沉池),具有容积负荷、水力负荷大,水力停 留时间短,所需基建投资少,出水水质好:运行能耗低,运行费用少的特点。
Biological aerated filter (BAF) is a new type of biofilm sewage treatment process, with a maximum scale of hundreds of thousands of tons per day, and has been developed to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, and has the ability to remove SS, COD, BOD, nitrification, Phosphorus removal and removal of AOX (harmful substances). The biological
膜生物反应器620与曝气生物滤池610连通。膜生物反应器620属于好氧装置的一种,用于让活性污泥进行有氧呼吸,进一步把有机物分解成无机物。膜生物反应器620与好氧装置560配合,处理后出水的水质好。
The
膜生物反应器620(MBR),作为回用水处理工艺。由于MBR的截留作用,避免了微生物的流失,生物反应器内可保持高的污泥浓度,从而提高了体积负荷,降低了污泥负荷,具有极强的抗冲击能力。又由于膜的截留作用,使SRT延长,营造了有利于增殖缓慢的微生物生长,如硝化细菌生长的环境,可以提高系统的硝化能力,同时有利于提高难降解大分子有机物的处理效率和促使其彻底的分解。在运行过程中,较大的水力循环,有利于污水的均匀混合,因而使活性污泥有很好的分散性,大大提高了处理效率和稳定性。 Membrane bioreactor 620 (MBR), as a reuse water treatment process. Due to the interception effect of MBR, the loss of microorganisms is avoided, and a high sludge concentration can be maintained in the bioreactor, thereby increasing the volume load, reducing the sludge load, and having strong impact resistance. Due to the interception effect of the membrane, the SRT is prolonged, creating an environment conducive to the growth of slow-growing microorganisms, such as the growth of nitrifying bacteria, which can improve the nitrification capacity of the system, and at the same time help to improve the treatment efficiency of refractory macromolecular organic matter and promote its degradability. Complete breakdown. In the process of operation, the large hydraulic circulation is conducive to the uniform mixing of sewage, so that the activated sludge has good dispersion and greatly improves the treatment efficiency and stability. the
焦化废水氧化及生化处理设备500综合利用电催化氧化及生物氧化技术,可以有效降解焦化废水中的有机物。 Coking wastewater oxidation and biochemical treatment equipment 500 comprehensively utilizes electrocatalytic oxidation and biological oxidation technology, which can effectively degrade organic matter in coking wastewater. the
进一步的,焦化废水处理系统10还包括污泥处理设备900。污泥处理设备900包括污泥池910及压滤机920。气浮装置130、一级沉淀装置520、缺氧装置550、好氧装置560、二级沉淀装置580、曝气生物滤池610及膜生物反应器620产生的沉淀送入污泥池910。污泥池910的污泥经由气动隔膜泵加入压滤机压滤后,污泥外运,滤液回注入调节装置120。
Further, the coking
焦化废水深度处理设备700包括一级粗滤装置710、二级粗滤装置720、一级过渡装置730、一级保安过滤装置740、纳滤装置750、二级过渡装置760、二级保安过滤装置770及反渗透过滤装置780。
Coking wastewater
一级粗滤装置710与膜生物反应器620连通。一级粗滤装置710用于对经过焦化废水氧化及生化处理设备500处理的焦化废水进行过滤,过滤水中的细小悬浮物、微生物、部分重金属离子等,并能有效降低水的色度。
The primary
优选的,一级粗滤装置710为罐体式的过滤器械,外壳一般为碳钢、不锈钢或者玻璃钢,内部填充滤料。
Preferably, the primary
优选的,一级粗滤装置710的滤料选自沸石及海绿石中的至少一种。优选为沸石。沸石是一种极性物质,是极性很强的吸附剂,对极性分子和不饱和分 子有机物,如卤代烃有很强的吸附效果,对非极性分子中极化率大的分子也有较高的选择吸附优势。沸石滤料主要包括天然斜发沸石滤料和活化沸石滤料。
Preferably, the filter material of the primary
二级粗滤装置720与一级粗滤装置710连通。二级粗滤装置720用于除去焦化废水中细小悬浮物、微生物、部分重金属离子等,并能有效降低水的色度。
The secondary
二级粗滤装置720为罐体式的过滤器械,外壳一般为碳钢、不锈钢或者玻璃钢,内部填充滤料。
The secondary
优选的,二级粗滤装置720的滤料选自活性炭及竹炭中的至少一种,优选为活性炭。活性炭滤料,具有发达的中孔结构和发达的比表面积,吸附容量大、过滤速度快,不含锌盐的特性,是一种优良的滤料。
Preferably, the filter material of the secondary
一级过渡装置730与二级粗滤装置720连通。一级过渡装置730用于收容经过二级粗滤装置720处理的焦化废水,保持整个系统水流进出稳定,起缓冲作用。一级过渡装置730可以为过渡池或过渡箱。需要说明的是,一级过渡装置730也可以设置于一级粗滤装置710及二级粗滤装置720之间,即一级过渡装置730连通一级粗滤滤装置710及二级粗滤装置720,一级粗滤装置710过滤后的焦化废水进入一级过渡装置730后,再进入二级粗滤装置720进行二级粗滤。
The
一级保安过滤装置740与一级过渡装置730连通。保安过滤(cartridge filtration)的过程中,水从微滤滤芯的外侧进入滤芯内部,微量悬浮物或细小杂质颗粒物被截留在滤芯外部的过程。一级保安过滤装置740用于过滤除去50μm以上的杂质。一级保安过滤装置740的滤料为聚丙烯,空隙为1μm~300μm,采用五内轴内密外疏结构。一级保安过滤装置740设有用于投放阻垢剂的投药口。
The primary
纳滤装置750与一级保安过滤装置740连通。纳滤(NF)是介于超滤与反渗透之间的一种膜分离技术,其截留分子量在80-1000的范围内,孔径为几纳米。经过纳滤等高级过滤装置过滤后,有大约70%的水成为水质达标的水,这些水外输,剩余30%的水随着过滤水量的连续增加,里面的成分(污染物)会不断累积,为浓水。纳滤装置750过滤后的得到的浓水回注至调节装置120。
The
二级过渡装置760与纳滤装置750连通。二级过渡装置760用于收容经过 纳滤装置750处理的焦化废水。二级过渡装置760可以为过渡池或过渡箱。
二级保安过滤装置770与二级过渡装置760连通。二级保安过滤装置770的滤料为聚丙烯,空隙为1μm~300μm,采用五内轴内密外疏结构。二级保安过滤装置770设有用于投放阻垢剂的投药口。
The secondary
反渗透过滤装置780与二级保安过滤装置770连通。
The reverse
反渗透(RO)技术是一种先进的膜分离技术。这种技术使欲分离的溶液中某些成份在压力的作用下,透过一种具有选择透过性的半透膜—反渗透膜,在膜的低压侧收集透过物,而在膜的高压侧则为被阻留的其它成分的浓溶液。它是一种节能、高效、无污染和实用性强的高新技术。 Reverse osmosis (RO) technology is an advanced membrane separation technology. This technology allows certain components in the solution to be separated to pass through a semi-permeable membrane with selective permeability—reverse osmosis membrane under the action of pressure. On the high pressure side is a concentrated solution of other trapped components. It is a high-tech with energy saving, high efficiency, no pollution and strong practicability. the
水通过一种半透膜进入一种溶液或从一种稀溶液向一种比较浓的溶液的自然流动称作渗透。这种对水或溶液具有选择透过性的膜称之为半透膜。但是在浓溶液一边加上适当的压力则可使渗透停止,当稀溶液向浓溶液的渗透停止时的压力称为渗透压。反渗透则是在浓溶液一边加上比自然渗透压更高的压力,扭转自然渗透方向,把浓溶液中的水压到半透膜的另一边,这和自然界的正常渗透过程相反,因此称为反渗透。这种特制的半透膜称为反渗透膜。 The natural flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into a solution or from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution is called osmosis. This kind of membrane with selective permeability to water or solution is called semipermeable membrane. However, adding appropriate pressure on the side of the concentrated solution can stop the permeation. When the permeation of the dilute solution to the concentrated solution stops, the pressure is called osmotic pressure. Reverse osmosis is to apply a higher pressure than the natural osmotic pressure on one side of the concentrated solution, reverse the natural osmotic direction, and press the water in the concentrated solution to the other side of the semi-permeable membrane, which is opposite to the normal osmotic process in nature, so it is called for reverse osmosis. This special semi-permeable membrane is called reverse osmosis membrane. the
反渗透过滤装置780主机的主要部分是RO膜组件。RO膜,即反渗透膜,孔径达到0.0001微米,能够过滤70%大分子,包括盐分。本系统采用的RO膜能保证主机除盐长期、稳定、可靠地达到设计要求,本反渗透主机设计反渗透水温为25℃,水的利用率为70%,系统总脱盐率大于等于97%,并有电导率的随机显示,并带有自动报警功能。
The main part of the main body of the reverse
请参阅图2,图2所示为RO处理工艺流程图。 Please refer to Figure 2, which is a flowchart of the RO treatment process. the
经反渗透过滤装置780过滤后的清水流入清水池800中,可回用于绿化或其它工艺用水;过滤后的浓水回注至调节装置120。
The clean water filtered by the reverse
一级粗滤装置710、二级粗滤装置720、纳滤装置750及反渗透过滤装置780之后的浓水及反冲洗水回注至调节装置120中。
Concentrated water and backwash water after the primary
经过焦化废水深度处理设备700处理的焦化废水的COD值较低,同时可以除去焦化废水中的杂质,使焦化废水可以达标排放。
The COD value of the coking wastewater treated by the coking wastewater
焦化废水经过焦化废水煤焦油处理设备100、焦化废水氧化及生化处理设备 500及焦化废水深度处理设备700处理后,可以有效的去除焦化废水中的悬浮物、有机物及氨氮,最终输出的处理过的焦化废水可以达到排放标准。最终输出的废水,pH值为7~9,COD小于500mg/L,悬浮物小于20mg/L,挥发酚小于0.5mg/L,氰化物小于0.5mg/L,氨氮小于25mg/L。
After coking wastewater is treated by coking wastewater coal
需要说明的是,一级过渡装置730及二级过渡装置760可以省略,此时一级保安过滤装置740与二级粗滤装置720直接连通,二级保安过滤装置770与纳滤装置750直接连通。
It should be noted that the
请参阅图1,一实施方式的焦化废水处理方法,包括以下步骤: Please refer to Fig. 1, the coking wastewater treatment method of an embodiment, comprises the following steps:
步骤S101、提供焦化废水处理系统10。
Step S101 , providing a coking
步骤S102、使用隔油装置110去除焦化废水中的颗粒较大的悬浮油。
Step S102 , using the
具体的,含油废水通过配水槽进入平面为矩形的池中,沿水平方向缓慢流动,在流动中油类上浮至水面,由集油管或设置在池面的刮油机推送到集油管中然后流入脱水罐。在池中沉淀下来的重油及其他杂质,积聚到池底污泥斗中,通过排泥管进入污泥罐中,经过隔油处理的废水则溢流入排水渠排出池外,进行后续处理,以去除乳化油及其他污染物。 Specifically, the oily wastewater enters the rectangular pool through the water distribution tank, and flows slowly along the horizontal direction. During the flow, the oil floats to the water surface, and is pushed into the oil collecting pipe by the oil collecting pipe or the oil scraper installed on the surface of the pool, and then flows into the dewatering pipe. Can. The heavy oil and other impurities settled in the pool accumulate in the sludge hopper at the bottom of the pool, and enter the sludge tank through the sludge discharge pipe. The waste water treated with oil separation overflows into the drainage channel and is discharged out of the pool for subsequent treatment. Remove emulsified oil and other contaminants. the
优选的,焦化废水在隔油装置110中停留2小时~6小时。
Preferably, the coking wastewater stays in the
需要说明的是,焦化废水在进入隔油装置110处理之前可使用调节池或调节箱(图未示)处理,使进入隔油装置110的废水均质化,从而保证进入隔油装置110的焦化废水的水质是稳定的,因此,可以在隔油装置110之前设置调节池或调节箱。本实施方式中,调节池或调节箱与隔油装置110的体积比为1:5~1:3。
It should be noted that before entering the
优选的,使用调节装置处理经过隔油装置110处理的焦化废水,使经过隔油装置110处理的焦化废水均质化。
Preferably, the coking wastewater treated by the
步骤S103、使用气浮装置130除去焦化废水中较大的悬浮物。
Step S103, using the
气浮是利用高度分散的微小气泡为载体去粘附废水中疏水基的物体,使其小气泡和物体视为一个整体,其整体密度小于水而上浮到水面,从而实现固液或者液液分离的过程。气浮装置130可以为平流式气浮装置或升流式气浮装置,优选为平流式气浮装置。
Air flotation is to use highly dispersed micro-bubbles as a carrier to adhere to the hydrophobic-based objects in the wastewater, so that the small bubbles and objects are regarded as a whole, and their overall density is lower than that of water to float to the water surface, thereby realizing solid-liquid or liquid-liquid separation. the process of. The
根据微气泡产生的原理不同,气浮装置130可以为曝气气浮装置、溶气气浮装置及电解气浮装置,只要能除去焦化废水中的较大的悬浮物即可,根据需要还可将曝气气浮装置、溶气气浮装置及电解气浮装置中的至少两个串联使用。
According to the principle of microbubble generation, the
溶气气浮是指空气加压溶入水中达到饱和,溶气水流减压进入气浮池时即释出微气泡。加压溶气水可以是所处理水的全部或一部分,也可以是气浮池出水的回流水,回流水量占所处理水量的百分比称回流比,是影响气浮效率的重要因素,须由试验确定。加压溶气法的设备有加压泵、溶气罐和空气压缩机等。溶气罐为承压钢筒,内部常设置导流板或放置填料。溶气罐出水通过减压阀或释放器进入气浮池。 Dissolved air flotation means that air is pressurized and dissolved in water to reach saturation, and microbubbles are released when the dissolved air flow enters the air flotation tank under reduced pressure. The pressurized dissolved air water can be all or part of the treated water, or it can be the reflux water from the effluent of the air flotation tank. The percentage of the reflux water to the treated water is called the reflux ratio, which is an important factor affecting the air flotation efficiency and must be determined by experiment. . The equipment for the pressurized dissolved air method includes a pressurized pump, an air dissolved tank, and an air compressor. The dissolved air tank is a pressure-bearing steel cylinder, and deflectors or fillers are often arranged inside. The effluent from the dissolved air tank enters the air flotation tank through a pressure reducing valve or a release device. the
优选的,在气浮装置130的反应区投放破乳剂,破乳剂优选为浓度为7%的氯化铝,当然,其他业内常用的破乳剂也可以。具体在操作的过程中,根据进入气浮装置130的焦化废水中煤焦油的含量来确定破乳剂的投放量,当焦化废水中含油量在400mg/L以内时,破乳剂的投放量为500mg/L(破乳剂的量与焦化废水的体积比),含油量为400mg/L~1000mg/L时,破乳剂投放量为400mg/L~1000mg/L。
Preferably, a demulsifier is placed in the reaction zone of the
优选的,气浮装置130处理焦化废水的时间为0.5小时~2小时。
Preferably, the time for the
优选的,经过气浮装置130处理的焦化废水的含油量在30mg/L以内。
Preferably, the oil content of the coking wastewater treated by the
优选的,经过调节装置120调节均质化的焦化废水在进入气浮装置130之前先使用吹脱塔300除去焦化废水中以铵离子(NH4+)和游离氨(NH3)的形式存在的氮。经过吹脱塔300处理的焦化废水再次进入调节装置120中调节均质化,然后再使用气浮装置去除焦化废水中较大的悬浮物。
Preferably, the homogenized coking wastewater regulated by the regulating
步骤S104、使用酸析装置140进一步除去焦化废水中的乳化状煤焦油。
Step S104, use the
从气浮装置130排出的焦化废水进入酸析装置140,加入硫酸做酸析处理进一步除去焦化废水中的乳化状煤焦油。
The coking wastewater discharged from the
优选的,硫酸的投放量为50mg/L。硫酸可以有两种添加方法,其一是98%浓硫酸直接加,本污水系统含曝气、搅拌装置,可以混合均匀;其二,将98%的浓硫酸稀释至10%~20%浓度的硫酸溶液。 Preferably, the dosage of sulfuric acid is 50mg/L. There are two ways to add sulfuric acid. One is to add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid directly. The sewage system contains aeration and stirring devices, which can be mixed evenly; the other is to dilute 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to a concentration of 10%~20%. sulfuric acid solution. the
焦化废水经过步骤S101~步骤S104处理后煤焦油的含量在20mg/L以内, 可以避免焦化废水中过量的煤焦油对后续的处理设备产生破坏。 After the coking wastewater is treated in steps S101~step S104, the coal tar content is within 20mg/L, which can prevent the excessive coal tar in the coking wastewater from causing damage to the subsequent treatment equipment. the
步骤S105、使用一级电催化氧化装置510对焦化废水进行电催化氧化,以提高焦化废水中5日生化需氧量(BOD5)与化学需氧量(COD)的比值。
Step S105 , using the primary
优选的,焦化废水在一级电催化氧化装置510中停留的时间为40分钟~90分钟。
Preferably, the coking wastewater stays in the primary
具体的,酸性条件下,在电催化氧化的6~24V低压直流静电场中,有催化剂存在的条件下,调节pH≤4后,电催化氧化处理时催化剂为FeSO4和H2O2。 Specifically, under acidic conditions, in the 6-24V low-voltage DC electrostatic field of electrocatalytic oxidation, in the presence of a catalyst, after adjusting the pH to 4 or less, the catalysts in the electrocatalytic oxidation treatment are FeSO 4 and H 2 O 2 .
该步骤中,在酸性条件下加入FeSO4和H2O2,同时生成羟基自由基子·OH,因·OH具有极强氧化性,使部分有机物变成CO2和H2O,残存有机物进行水解-酸化,大分子子断链成小分子,进一步使小分子有机物氧化成有机酸,从而提升BOD5/COD比值,奠定了后续生化处理的基础。后续处理工艺通过厌氧菌的“水解”和“酸化”作用,以及后续的好氧菌消化,以厌氧后的有机物为养料被好氧菌吸收分解成CO2和H2O。 In this step, FeSO 4 and H 2 O 2 are added under acidic conditions to generate hydroxyl radicals OH at the same time. Because OH has strong oxidizing properties, part of the organic matter becomes CO2 and H2O, and the remaining organic matter is hydrolyzed-acidified. Large molecules are broken into small molecules, which further oxidizes small molecular organic matter into organic acids, thereby increasing the BOD5/COD ratio and laying the foundation for subsequent biochemical treatment. The subsequent treatment process uses the "hydrolysis" and "acidification" of anaerobic bacteria, and the subsequent digestion of aerobic bacteria. The anaerobic organic matter is absorbed and decomposed into CO 2 and H 2 O by aerobic bacteria.
步骤S106、使用一级沉淀装置520除去焦化废水中的沉淀。
Step S106, using the
具体的,采用带有污泥斗的沉淀塔,带有悬浮物的污水进入后静置至悬浮物沉积至污泥斗后完成沉淀过程。 Specifically, a sedimentation tower with a sludge hopper is used, and the sewage with suspended solids enters and is left to stand until the suspended solids are deposited in the sludge hopper to complete the sedimentation process. the
根据需求不同,一级沉淀装置520可以为沉淀塔、沉淀池、沉淀箱等多种形式。
According to different requirements, the
步骤S107、使用过渡装置530调节焦化废水的pH值。
Step S107, using the
本实施方式中,使用氢氧化钠溶液调节收容在过渡装置530中的焦化废水的pH值至6.5~7.5。优选的,氢氧化钠溶液的质量浓度为7%。需要说明的是,收容在过渡装置530的pH值不限于调节至6.5~7.5,根据后续处理的要求调节收容在过渡装置530中的焦化废水的pH值。同时,也不限于使用氢氧化钠溶液调节焦化废水的pH值,使用其他碱性溶液如氢氧化钾、碳酸钠等或碱性废水都可以。
In this embodiment, sodium hydroxide solution is used to adjust the pH value of the coking wastewater stored in the
步骤S108、使用厌氧装置540对焦化废水进行厌氧生物处理。
Step S108 , using the
对焦化废水进行厌氧生物处理,从而将焦化废水中的有机物分解转化为无机物。优选的,焦化废水在厌氧装置540中停留6小时~12小时。
Anaerobic biological treatment of coking wastewater is used to decompose and convert organic matter in coking wastewater into inorganic matter. Preferably, the coking wastewater stays in the
废水厌氧生物处理是指在无分子氧条件下通过厌氧微生物(包括兼氧微生物)的作用,将废水中的各种复杂有机物分解转化成甲烷和二氧化碳等物质的过程,也称厌氧消化。废水厌氧生物处理与好氧过程的根本区别在于不以分子态氧作为受氢体,而以化合态氧、碳、硫、氮等为受氢体。 Anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater refers to the process of decomposing and converting various complex organic substances in wastewater into methane and carbon dioxide through the action of anaerobic microorganisms (including facultative microorganisms) under the condition of no molecular oxygen, also known as anaerobic digestion. . The fundamental difference between the anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater and the aerobic process is that molecular oxygen is not used as the hydrogen acceptor, but combined oxygen, carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, etc. are used as the hydrogen acceptor. the
厌氧生物处理是一个复杂的微生物化学过程,依靠三大主要类群的细菌,即水解产酸细菌、产氢产乙酸细菌和产甲烷细菌的联合作用完成。因而粗略地将厌氧消化过程划分为三个连续的阶段,即水解酸化阶段、产氢产乙酸阶段和产甲烷阶段。 Anaerobic biological treatment is a complex microbial chemical process, which is completed by the joint action of three major groups of bacteria, namely hydrolytic acidogenic bacteria, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria. Therefore, the anaerobic digestion process is roughly divided into three consecutive stages, namely, the hydrolytic acidification stage, the hydrogen-producing acetogenic stage and the methanogenic stage. the
第一阶段为水解酸化阶段。复杂的大分子、不溶性有机物先在细胞外酶的作用下水解为小分子、溶解性有机物,然后渗入细胞体内,分解为小分子、溶解性有机物,然后渗入细胞体内,分解产生挥发性有机酸、醇类、醛类等。这个阶段主要产生较高级脂肪酸。 The first stage is the hydrolytic acidification stage. Complex macromolecules and insoluble organic substances are first hydrolyzed into small molecules and soluble organic substances under the action of extracellular enzymes, and then penetrate into the cell body, decomposed into small molecules and soluble organic substances, and then penetrate into the cell body, decomposed to produce volatile organic acids, Alcohols, aldehydes, etc. This stage mainly produces higher fatty acids. the
第二阶段为产氢产乙酸阶段。在产氢产乙酸细菌的作用下,第一阶段产生的各种有机酸被分解转化成乙酸和氢气,在降解大多数有机酸时还形成二氧化碳。 The second stage is the stage of hydrogen production and acetic acid production. Under the action of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria, various organic acids produced in the first stage are decomposed and converted into acetic acid and hydrogen, and carbon dioxide is also formed when most organic acids are degraded. the
第三阶段为产甲烷阶段。产甲烷细菌将乙酸、乙酸盐、二氧化碳和氢气等转化为甲烷。 The third stage is the methanogenic stage. Methanogenic bacteria convert acetic acid, acetate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, among others, into methane. the
步骤S109、使用缺氧装置550对焦化废水进行生物反硝化处理。
Step S109 , using the
优选的,焦化废水在缺氧装置550中停留6小时~12小时。
Preferably, the coking wastewater stays in the
生物反硝化处理是指在缺氧的环境下,兼性厌氧菌以水中的NO3 -或NO2 -代替氧作为电子受体,将NO3 -或NO2 -通过异化作用还原为气态的氮氧化物NO和N2O,然后继续还原为N2的过程。反硝化菌有异养型反硝化菌和自养型反硝化菌以及兼性化能自养型反硝化菌。异养型反硝化菌在厌氧条件下利用NO3 -或NO2 -中的氧去氧化有机质,获得能量;自养型反硝化菌如脱氮硫杆菌(T.denitrificans)在缺氧环境中利用NO3 -中的氧将硫或硫代硫酸盐氧化成硫酸盐,从中获得能量来同化CO2;兼性化能自养型,如脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans)能利用氢的氧化作用作为能源,以O2或NO3 -作为电子受体,使NO3 -被还原成N2O或N2。 Biological denitrification treatment means that in an anoxic environment, facultative anaerobic bacteria use NO 3 - or NO 2 - in water instead of oxygen as the electron acceptor, and reduce NO 3 - or NO 2 - to gaseous state through dissimilation Nitrogen oxides NO and N 2 O, and then continue the process of reduction to N 2 . Denitrifying bacteria include heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and facultative chemoautotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria use the oxygen in NO 3 - or NO 2 - to oxidize organic matter and obtain energy under anaerobic conditions; autotrophic denitrifying bacteria such as denitrificans (T.denitrificans) Utilize the oxygen in NO 3 - to oxidize sulfur or thiosulfate to sulfate, and obtain energy from it to assimilate CO 2 ; facultative chemoautotrophs, such as Paracoccus denitrificans can use the oxidation of hydrogen As an energy source, NO 3 - is reduced to N 2 O or N 2 with O 2 or NO 3 - as an electron acceptor.
步骤S110、使用好氧装置560对焦化废水进行好氧处理。
Step S110, using the
该步骤中,在好氧装置560中添加活性污泥,一般从生活污水厂获得,活性污泥强曝气,使溶解氧在2mg/L以上。
In this step, activated sludge is added to the
优选的,焦化废水在好氧装置560中停留的时间为12小时~36小时。
Preferably, the coking wastewater stays in the
步骤S111、使用二级电催化氧化装置570对焦化废水进行深度电催化氧化处理。
Step S111 , using the secondary
优选的,焦化废水进行深度电催化氧化处理之前,先使用硫酸将经过好氧装置560处理的焦化废水的pH值调节为3.5~4.5。具体在本实施方式中,硫酸的质量浓度为5%。
Preferably, before the deep electrocatalytic oxidation treatment of the coking wastewater, sulfuric acid is used to adjust the pH value of the coking wastewater treated by the
优选的,使用二级电催化氧化装置570对焦化废水进行深度电催化氧化处理使用的催化剂为H2SO4和H2O2。
Preferably, the catalysts used for deep electrocatalytic oxidation treatment of coking wastewater using the secondary
优选的,焦化废水在二级电催化氧化装置570中停留的时间为45分钟。
Preferably, the coking wastewater stays in the secondary
步骤S112、使用二级沉淀装置580除去焦化废水中的沉淀。
Step S112, using the
根据需求不同,二级沉淀装置580可以为沉淀塔、沉淀池、沉淀箱等多种形式。
According to different requirements, the
优选的,该步骤中向焦化废水中加入氢氧化钠。 Preferably, sodium hydroxide is added to the coking wastewater in this step. the
步骤S113、使用曝气生物滤池610对焦化废水进行处理。
Step S113 , using the biological
优选的,焦化废水在曝气生物滤池610中停留的时间为12小时。
Preferably, the residence time of the coking wastewater in the biological
步骤S114、使用膜生物反应器620对焦化废水进行处理。
Step S114 , using the
优选的,经过步骤S101~114处理的焦化废水中,COD降至500mg/L以内,挥发酚在0.5mg/L以内,含油在20mg/L以内,固体悬浮物在20mg/L以内。 Preferably, in the coking wastewater treated in steps S101-114, COD is reduced to less than 500 mg/L, volatile phenols are less than 0.5 mg/L, oil content is less than 20 mg/L, and suspended solids are less than 20 mg/L. the
步骤S115、使用一级粗滤装置710对焦化废水进行一级粗滤。
Step S115 , using the primary
一级粗滤用来过滤水中的细小悬浮物、微生物、部分重金属离子等,并能有效降低水的色度。 Primary coarse filtration is used to filter fine suspended solids, microorganisms, some heavy metal ions, etc. in water, and can effectively reduce the chroma of water. the
步骤S116、使用二级粗滤装置720对焦化废水进行二级粗滤。
Step S116 , using the secondary
步骤S117、使用一级保安过滤装置740对焦化废水进行一级保安过滤。
Step S117 , using the primary
一级保安过滤用于除去焦化废水中50μm以上的杂质。 The primary security filter is used to remove impurities above 50μm in coking wastewater. the
优选的,进行一级保安过滤的过程中,可以向一级保安过滤装置740中加 入阻垢剂。
Preferably, in the process of carrying out primary security filtration, can add antiscalant in primary
优选的,在步骤S116及步骤S117之间还包括步骤:将经过二级粗滤的焦化废水注入第一过渡装置730中。
Preferably, a step is further included between step S116 and step S117: injecting the coking wastewater that has undergone secondary rough filtration into the
步骤S118、使用纳滤装置750对焦化废水进行纳滤。
Step S118 , using the
对焦化废水进行纳滤用于除去焦化废水中1nm~10nm的杂质。 Nanofiltration of coking wastewater is used to remove 1nm~10nm impurities in coking wastewater. the
步骤S119、使用二级保安装置770对焦化废水进行二级保安过滤。
Step S119 , using the
优选的,进行二级保安过滤的过程中,可以向二级保安过滤装置770中加入阻垢剂。
Preferably, during the process of performing secondary security filtration, a scale inhibitor can be added to the secondary
优选的,在步骤S118及步骤S119之间还包括步骤:将经过纳滤的焦化废水注入第二过渡装置760中。
Preferably, a step is further included between step S118 and step S119: injecting the coking wastewater that has undergone nanofiltration into the
步骤S120、使用反渗透过滤装置780装置对焦化废水进行反渗透过滤处理。
Step S120, using the reverse
经过反渗透过滤处理的焦化废水流入清水池800中,可以用于绿化或其它工艺用水;过滤后的浓水回注至调节装置120。
The coking wastewater treated by reverse osmosis filtration flows into the
优选的,步骤S115、步骤S116、步骤S118及步骤S120处理之后的得到的浓水及反冲洗水回注至调节装置120中。
Preferably, the concentrated water and backwash water obtained after processing in step S115 , step S116 , step S118 and step S120 are reinjected into the
优选的,步骤S103、步骤S106、步骤S109、步骤S110、步骤S112、步骤S113及步骤S114产生的沉淀送入污泥池910。污泥池910的污泥经压滤机压滤后,污泥外运,滤液回注入调节装置120。
Preferably, the sediment produced in step S103 , step S106 , step S109 , step S110 , step S112 , step S113 and step S114 is sent to the
焦化废水上述焦化废水处理方法处理后,可以有效的去除焦化废水中的悬浮物、有机物及氨氮,最终输出的处理过的焦化废水可以达到排放标准。 Coking wastewater After being treated by the above coking wastewater treatment method, the suspended matter, organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in the coking wastewater can be effectively removed, and the final output of the treated coking wastewater can meet the discharge standard. the
以上所述实施例仅表达了本实用新型的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本实用新型专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本实用新型构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本实用新型的保护范围。因此,本实用新型专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。 The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementations of the utility model, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the utility model patent should be based on the appended claims. the
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