CN203012516U

CN203012516U - Solar cell panel sun tracking photovoltaic power generation system

Info

Publication number: CN203012516U
Application number: CN2012207358451U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周成林
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Nanjing Laisaikang Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2012-12-28
Filing date: 2012-12-28
Publication date: 2013-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 2022-12-28

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solar cell panel sun tracking photovoltaic power generation system comprising a solar apparent motion track tacking part, a microprocessor, a stepping motor, a variable speed gear, a solar cell panel, a vertical shaft, and a horizontal shaft. The solar apparent motion track tacking part comprises a cone body, a semitransparent disc, a camera obscura and a camera. The cone body is vertically disposed on a center of the semitransparent disc, and the camera is disposed under the semitransparent dis. The periphery of the semitransparent disc is 360degrees. The utility model is characterized in that the cone body is irradiated by the sun light, and the projection of the cone body on the semitransparent glass can be shot, and the incident direction and the incident angle of the solar apparent position can be calculated by the microprocessor after the image processing of the pictures; according to the incident direction and the incident angle, the microprocessor can be used to generate a driving pulse for the stepping motor; and then a vertical shaft and a horizontal shaft of the solar cell panel can be rotated by the variable speed gear, and the real-time tracking of the sun track can be realized.

Description

A kind of solar-cell panel sun tracking photovoltaic generating system

Technical field

The present invention relates to electronic information field, refer in particular to a kind of solar-cell panel sun tracking photovoltaic generating system.

Background technology

To the research of track of sun from motion tracking, the domestic and international tracking that adopts mainly contains following several at present: 1, photoelectric tracking; 2, the apparent motion track following of the sun; Or both combinations.

Photoelectric tracking is to utilize Wheatstone bridge balance method, and namely electric bridge is output as zero when the photoelectric sensor on electric bridge four arms is subjected to light identical, and this moment, plane, photoelectric sensor place was perpendicular to the sunshine incident direction.Just aim at the sun when the normal plane of solar panel and plane, photoelectric sensor place are in same direction, so just can have realized the tracking to position of sun.The shortcoming of this method is with blindness, low-response, and what adopt is mimic channel, low precision, life-span is short, and poor stability is subject to illumination, temperature, the impact of the climatic factors such as humidity and the interference of exterior object, and also very high to the coherence request of performance between light sensor.

Certain any apparent place (position angle and elevation angle by the sun determine) can approximate treatment on the relative earth of the sun astronomically, is according to the latitude and longitude coordinates of locality and determines the position of the sun constantly.This method does not need measurement mechanism, but calculates relatively complexity, and is higher to the requirement of arithmetical unit; And tracker is open loop, can produce cumulative errors after a period of time, needs manpower intervention to eliminate; Simultaneously need to know and input different latitude values in different places, so this method in use can bring some inconvenience to the user.

Summary of the invention

To be that exploitation is a kind of realize that according to the sun apparent place solar panel carries out photovoltaic generating system from motion tracking to track of sun in the present invention, apparent motion track following parts, microprocessor, stepper motor, speed gear, solar panel and the Z-axis thereof and the transverse axis that comprise the sun form, the apparent motion track following parts of the described sun comprise cone 1, translucent disc 2, camera bellows 3, camera 4, cone 1 stands vertically at translucent disc 2 centers, peace camera 4 under

translucent disc

2,2 one weeks of translucent disc are 360 °.The calculated amount of this system is little, and is real-time control, does not have the problem of cumulative errors, can greatly improve the efficient of solar energy power generating simultaneously.

Description of drawings

The schematic diagram of the apparent motion Trajectory Tracking System of Fig. 1 sun;

The equilateral triangle that the projection of Fig. 2 cone produces.

Embodiment

With one high be H, base diameter is that the cone of D stands vertically a translucent disc centre, digital camera of peace under disk, one week of disk is 360 °.Cone is projected as an equilateral triangle after shining upon, the length of projection, be that leg-of-mutton height is L, a straight line is by the angle between cone top and cone projection top and disk plane, and namely the angle between solar rays and disk plane is θ (seeing Fig. 1).

The location of the sun can be divided into for two steps,

The first step: turning 180 ° according to the position of center line on disk plane of the equilateral triangle that is produced by the cone projection is exactly the orientation of sun incident.

Second step: the angle between solar rays and disk plane can by

θ＝atan(H/L)(1)

Obtain, namely the incident angle of the sun.

Solar panel is followed the tracks of the solar time can determine according to the above first step orientation of sun incident, vertical axis of rotation forwards solar panel to this orientation, then transverse axis is rotated at the θ angle that obtains according to second step, and to make the normal vector of solar cell board plane and the angle between disk plane be θ, and solar panel just can be aimed at the sun exactly like this.

The cone projection can divide two kinds of situations, and the first is that projection is shorter, and whole projection all drops on disk, and projected length L can be directly by measuring in this case.The second situation is that projection is longer, and often when the sun compares close to ground level (θ is less), a part of projection meeting drops on outside disk, so just can't directly measure projected length L, thereby can't calculate the incidence angle θ of the sun for this.Yet utilize leg-of-mutton similarity to calculate projected length L according to the projection of integrated disc portions.This is also the reason why the design adopts cone.

Known projection equilateral triangle base length equals the base diameter D of cone, get a straight line that is parallel to the base from equilateral triangle in integrated disc portions triangle is divided into two parts (seeing Fig. 2), the length of straight line is d, distance from the base is l, can obtain the cone projected length according to leg-of-mutton similarity relation is

L＝Dl/(D-d) (2)

Even the projection of cone part has dropped on outside disk and also had no relations like this, only need to can extrapolate projected length L with following formula again according to d and the l that cone is got arbitrarily a correspondence in the projection of integrated disc portions.The extraction of parameter d and l can be taken after image processing in the projection section on disk cone with digital camera and be obtained.

It is the projection of cone on disk that is filmed with digital camera to be processed to obtain the midline position of projected length and equilateral triangle that image is processed.This can be divided into two kinds of situations equally,

(1) when projection all drops in disk, the position of projected length L and equilateral triangle center line can directly obtain by the Hough conversion.

(2) in the time of in projection section drops on disk, need to first obtain l and d, can first preset parameter l (l is positioned at disk) in practical application, then with obtain the position of d and center line with the Hough conversion, d has been arranged, and l and known D just can try to achieve projected length L according to formula (2).

(3) when solar rays is tending towards vertical with disk plane, cone crossfades into ellipse or circle (when solar rays during fully perpendicular to disk plane) in the projection on disk, and this moment is with Hough conversion acquisition transverse and judge the incident direction of solar rays from the position of initial point.

Solar panel is to use Double-axis transmission, and namely a Z-axis is followed the tracks of the incident orientation (horizontal level) of sunshine and incident angle or the elevation angle (upright position) that a transverse axis is followed the tracks of sunshine.The angle that Z-axis one day rotates is between the 0-180 degree, and the angle that transverse axis rotated in a day is between-90-+90 degree (supposing that transverse axis solar panel when 0 spends is parallel to the ground).The transmission of axle realizes by stepper motor and speed gear.

The shooting of image is controlled, and image is processed and the driving control of stepper motor is mainly realized by the microprocessor with dsp chip.Microprocessor was taken the sun projection on disk according to the given time interval, then photograph is carried out incident orientation and the incident angle (elevation angle) that sunshine was processed and calculated to image, produce driving pulse according to the incident orientation of gained and incident angle by the PWM wave producer of microprocessor internal and rotate Z-axis and the transverse axis of solar panel to stepper motor through speed gear.

Claims

1. solar-cell panel sun tracking photovoltaic generating system, it is characterized in that comprising that apparent motion track following parts, microprocessor, stepper motor, speed gear, solar panel and the Z-axis thereof of the sun and transverse axis form, the apparent motion track following parts of the described sun comprise cone (1), translucent disc (2), camera bellows (3), camera (4), cone (1) stands vertically at a translucent disc (2) center, peace camera (4) under translucent disc (2), (2) one weeks of translucent disc are 360 °.