CN203009189U - Low-grade heat source driven standing wave type gas and liquid phase change thermoacoustic engine - Google Patents
Low-grade heat source driven standing wave type gas and liquid phase change thermoacoustic engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN203009189U CN203009189U CN 201220297761 CN201220297761U CN203009189U CN 203009189 U CN203009189 U CN 203009189U CN 201220297761 CN201220297761 CN 201220297761 CN 201220297761 U CN201220297761 U CN 201220297761U CN 203009189 U CN203009189 U CN 203009189U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a low-grade heat source driven standing wave type gas and liquid phase change thermoacoustic engine The thermoacoustic engine comprises a first heater, a first thermal buffering pipe, a first cooler, a U-shaped pipe, a second cooler, a second thermal buffering pipe and a second heater which are connected sequentially, wherein a liquid piston is arranged in the U-shaped pipe. The thermoacoustic exchange is realized based on a gas and liquid phase change thermoacoustic effect, and the ideal thermodynamic cycle can be approximately two isobaric processes and two adiabatic processes. Compared with the conventional gas medium thermoacoustic engine system, the thermoacoustic engine has the characteristics that the temperature difference of cold and heat sources is low, the thermoacoustic engine can run in small temperature difference and at a large pressure ratio, and the low-grade heat source can be utilized; the energy density of unit volume is high, so that the system can be miniaturized; and the gas and liquid coupled oscillation can be realized, and the acoustic impedance of the thermoacoustic engine system can be optimized by comprehensively utilizing the compressibility of gaseous medium, and the high-density mass inertia of the liquid medium.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the thermo-motor device, relates in particular to the thermoacoustic engine that a kind of low-grade heat source drives.
Background technique
Thermoacoustic engine also claims thermoacoustic compressor, perhaps thermo acoustic engine, and it only has heat exchanger and pipeline section to consist of, except the fluid working substance of Oscillating flow, therefore there is no mechanical moving element, have the characteristics such as simple in structure, stable and reliable operation, long lifetime, receive the concern of academia and industrial quarters.
thermoacoustic engine adopts gas as working medium usually, utilizing the gas sound field is mechanical energy with the thermal interaction of solid boundaries with thermal power transfer in regenerator (or plate folded), be embodied under the condition of input heat, when along the temperature gradient of regenerator (or plate folded) during greater than critical value, gas working medium will produce self oscillations, heat energy is converted into the mechanical energy of gas pressure ripple, and can be with the mechanical energy that the produces formal output with pressure wave, and pressure wave can be used to drive the generator generating or refrigerator obtains refrigeration effect, to satisfy people's application demand.
Before although the discovery of hot voice phenomenon can be traced back to 200 years, but because thermoacoustic engine is self oscillatory system, do not rely on the characteristics of motion that the solids movement mechanical structures such as crank in traditional regenerative heat type gas heat engine, connecting rod, piston are forced fluid, although simple in structure, but inner couplings mechanism is very complicated, and thermoacoustic engine just obtained breakthrough in 20 years up to date.
At present, adopt the thermoacoustic engine pressure ratio of gas working medium can reach 1.4.Utilize thermoacoustic engine to drive linear electric generator and can export the electric power of hundreds of watts, conversion efficiency of thermoelectric has reached 15%.Adopt thermoacoustic engine, the coupled structure that consists of by elastic membrane and acoustic pressure amplifier drives vascular refrigerator and has realized cryogenic temperature lower than 20K.Heat by a part of rock gas that burns drives thermoacoustic engine, also realize the device demonstration by thermoacoustic engine driving vascular refrigerator and then LNG Liquefied natural gas again, had application prospect for tapping natural gas in ocean or desert and being transported with the form of LNG Liquefied natural gas.
Yet, analyzing working mechanism and the state of the art of existing gas working medium thermoacoustic engine can find, they exist and are difficult to directly utilize low-grade heat source such as driving heat source temperature higher (usually above 300 ℃), and the energy density less causes the deficiencies such as system bulk is larger, limiting its practical application, is the major issue that present thermoacoustic engine Related Research Domain needs to be resolved hurrily.
Under such technical background, the utility model proposes the stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that a kind of low-grade heat source drives just.Than traditional gas working medium thermoacoustic engine, the utility model has mainly utilized the physical property characteristics of working medium gas-liquid phase transition (to comprise that working medium temperature in desirable gas-liquid phase transition process is constant, less temperature variation can change by corresponding larger saturation pressure, and before and after gas-liquid phase transition, the variation of working medium specific volume waits greatly), realize Sonic heat changing by the gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic effect, its main purpose is exactly in order to improve thermoacoustic engine for the adaptability of low-grade heat source, and the per unit volume energy density of raising thermoacoustic engine, and then advance its practicalization.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the prior art deficiency, the stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that provides a kind of low-grade heat source to drive.
The stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that low-grade heat source drives comprises primary heater, the first thermal buffer channel, the first cooler, U-shaped pipe, the second cooler, the second thermal buffer channel, the secondary heater that connects in turn, is provided with liquid piston in the U-shaped pipe.
Be provided with difluoromethane CH in described liquid piston
2F
2, ammonia NH
3, five fluorine monochlorethane CF
2ClCF
3, octafluoropropane CF
3CF
2CF
3, in the above system space of liquid piston liquid level by the steam of employing liquid piston working medium.
The stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that the disclosed low-grade heat source of the utility model drives has utilized the physical property characteristics of working medium gas-liquid phase transition, can little temperature difference high pressure ratio operation, be beneficial to the utilization that realizes low-grade heat source; The energy density of per unit volume is conducive to realize the miniaturization of system and device much larger than traditional gas working medium thermo-acoustic engine system; And the gas-liquid coupled vibrations, the high density mass inertia that can fully utilize the compressibility of gaseous working medium and liquid refrigerant is optimized the acoustic impedance of thermo-acoustic engine system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine schematic diagram;
In figure: primary heater 1, the first thermal buffer channel 2, the first cooler 3, U-shaped pipe 4, liquid piston 5, the second cooler 6, the second thermal buffer channel 7, secondary heater 8;
Fig. 2 is displacement, speed and the pressure vibration figure of standing-wave sound field;
Fig. 3 is the desirable thermodynamic cycle figure of standing-wave sound field gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic effect.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that low-grade heat source drives comprises primary heater 1, the first thermal buffer channel 2, the first cooler 3, U-shaped pipe 4, the second cooler 6, the second thermal buffer channel 7, the secondary heater 8 that connects in turn, is provided with liquid piston 5 in U-shaped pipe 4.
Be provided with difluoromethane CH in described liquid piston 5
2F
2, ammonia NH
3, five fluorine monochlorethane CF
2ClCF
3, octafluoropropane CF
3CF
2CF
3, in the above system space of liquid piston liquid level by the steam of employing liquid piston working medium.
Adopt the thermoacoustic engine of gas working medium with respect to tradition, in the utility model thermoacoustic engine, the gas-liquid phase transition process will occur in liquid piston working medium, and therefore reasonably liquid piston working medium is selected extremely important.We plant working medium for more than ten and carry out desirable thermodynamic cycle performance evaluation shown in Figure 3 under 300K and 330K cold ﹠ heat source temperature conditions.The analysis result demonstration, normal point and critical point temperature are relatively high, and the larger working medium of gasification latent heat can obtain the higher thermal efficiency; And the larger working medium of saturation pressure is conducive to realize higher unit gas volume energy density.Comprehensive two aspects, difluoromethane CH
2F
2, ammonia NH
3, five fluorine monochlorethane CF
2ClCF
3, octafluoropropane CF
3CF
2CF
3That comparatively desirable working medium is selected.
When the stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that low-grade heat source drives moves, at first need vacuumize thermo-acoustic engine system original air in removal system; Thermo-acoustic engine system after find time injects working medium by the high-pressure working medium steel cylinder afterwards, makes medium level be between primary heater 1 and the first cooler 3 and secondary heater 8 and the second cooler 6.Then, open driving heat source and cooling water, cooling action due to cooling water, the first cooler 3 and the second cooler 6 remain at room temperature, and driving heat source is inputted heat by primary heater 1 and secondary heater 8 to system, the temperature of primary heater 1 and secondary heater 8 raises, and in system, power pressure also increases, and the working medium in system is produced certain disturbance.When the temperature difference between heater and cooler surpasses certain threshold value, due to the heat transfer effect between working medium and heater and cooler, produce the Sonic heat changing of gas-liquid phase transition, partial heat energy is converted to the sound merit, self oscillations occurs in working medium in thermoacoustic engine, thermoacoustic engine enters normal working.At this moment, the to-and-fro motion between primary heater 1 and the first cooler 3 and secondary heater 8 and the second cooler 6 of the liquid level of liquid piston 5, the thermodynamic cycle process (see figure 3) of periodic experience isobaric heat absorption, adiabatic expansion, isobaric heat release, adiabatic compression realizes that heat energy is to the conversion of sound merit.
In addition, the stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that the utility model proposes is gaseous state and the liquid Coupled Vibration System of same working medium, the high density mass inertia that can fully utilize the compressibility of gaseous working medium and liquid refrigerant is optimized the acoustic impedance of thermo-acoustic engine system, volume by gas-phase space in appropriate design primary heater 1, the first thermal buffer channel 2, secondary heater 8 and the second thermal buffer channel 7, and length and the diameter of U-shaped pipe 4 and liquid piston 5, can control easily the resonant frequency of thermoacoustic engine.
The below adopts Lagrangian method, in conjunction with the standing-wave sound field characteristics, analyzes gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic effect thermodynamic cycle process, and then discloses the working principle of stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine.Stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine shown in Figure 1 is the bilateral symmetry structure, and we carry out the working principle explanation as an example of left-hand component example.Fig. 2 has provided displacement, speed and the pressure vibration figure of standing-wave sound field, wherein pressure and displacement homophase, and pressure and speed differ 90 degree phase places.Participate in working medium infinitesimal to-and-fro motion between primary heater and the first cooler of Sonic heat changing, its thermodynamic cycle (see figure 3) specifically comprises, 1-2 isobaric heat absorption process: the overcooled liquid working medium infinitesimal of state point 1 is near the direct limit position, namely in primary heater, due to the temperature of heater wall surface temperature higher than the overcooled liquid infinitesimal, heat passes to overcooled liquid from solid wall surface, it is heated to saturated under approximate isobaric condition, and further vaporizes to saturated gas; The 2-3 adiabatic expansion: the saturated gas infinitesimal of state point 2 is from the direct limit position to negative sense limit position fast moving, namely move to the first cooler by the first thermal buffer channel from primary heater, because the hydraulic diameter of thermal buffer channel is larger, the gas infinitesimal has little time and the heat exchange of thermal buffer channel solid boundaries, due to pressure decreased, the gas infinitesimal experiences the near adiabatic inflation process simultaneously; The isobaric exothermic process of 3-4: near the negative sense limit position, namely in the first cooler, due to the temperature of cooler wall surface temperature lower than the working medium infinitesimal, heat passes to wall from the working medium infinitesimal, and the working medium infinitesimal is condensed into saturated liquids under approximate isobaric condition; 4-1 adiabatic compression process: the saturated liquids infinitesimal of state point 4 is from the negative sense limit position to direct limit position fast moving, namely pass through the first thermal buffer channel to heater-movement from the first cooler, same because the hydraulic diameter of thermal buffer channel is larger, the liquid infinitesimal has little time and the heat exchange of thermal buffer solid boundaries, simultaneously because pressure raises, liquid infinitesimal experience near adiabatic compression process is got back to state point 1, completes circulation.As seen, in standing-wave sound field, the working medium infinitesimal that participates in the gas-liquid phase transition Sonic heat changing between primary heater and the first cooler in to-and-fro motion, the desirable thermodynamic cycle of experiencing comprises two isopiestic processs and two adiabatic process, in general, it to the low-temperature heat source heat release, and then is sound merit with thermal power transfer from the high temperature heat source heat absorption that this circulation has realized.
With difluoromethane CH
2F
2Working medium is example, and setting the cold ﹠ heat source temperature constant is 300K and 330K, and the heat transfer temperature difference of working medium and cold ﹠ heat source is 5K, according to the energy conservation relation formula for closed system, in conjunction with difluoromethane CH
2F
2The working medium physical property, can calculate the performance of the desirable thermodynamic cycle of stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition Sonic heat changing shown in Figure 3.The result of calculation demonstration, after considering the 5K heat transfer temperature difference, difluoromethane CH
2F
2Saturated gas pressure corresponding under 325K and 305K is respectively, 3.289MPa and 2.029MPa, and pressure ratio is 1.62, the acting ability of per unit volume working medium (gas density of getting state point 2 is calculated) is 1459.35kJ/m
3Carnot efficiency is 62.57% relatively, and the heat transfer temperature difference of working medium and cold ﹠ heat source is the main Irreversible factor of this thermodynamic cycle.
Claims (2)
1. the stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that drives of a low-grade heat source, it is characterized in that comprising the primary heater (1), the first thermal buffer channel (2), the first cooler (3), U-shaped pipe (4), the second cooler (6), the second thermal buffer channel (7), the secondary heater (8) that connect in turn, be provided with liquid piston (5) in U-shaped pipe (4).
2. the stationary mode gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine of a kind of low-grade heat source driving according to claim 1, is characterized in that being provided with CH in described liquid piston (5)
2F
2, NH
3, CF
2ClCF
3Or CF
3CF
2CF
3, in the above system space of liquid piston liquid level by the steam of employing liquid piston working medium.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102734099A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-10-17 | 浙江大学 | Low-grade heat source driven standing wave type gas and liquid phase change thermoacoustic engine |
| CN106602926A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermoacoustic electric generator using liquid state metal for electric conduction |
| CN106593798A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermo-acoustic electrical power generation device |
| CN113062842A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-07-02 | 新疆维吾尔自治区寒旱区水资源与生态水利工程研究中心(院士专家工作站) | Single-piston curved cylinder compressed air refrigerating and heating circulating device |
| TWI822877B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2023-11-21 | 皇甫歡宇 | Inertial energy storage method |
-
2012
- 2012-06-25 CN CN 201220297761 patent/CN203009189U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102734099A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-10-17 | 浙江大学 | Low-grade heat source driven standing wave type gas and liquid phase change thermoacoustic engine |
| CN102734099B (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2016-08-31 | 浙江大学 | The standing wave type gas-liquid phase transition thermoacoustic engine that low-grade heat source drives |
| CN106602926A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermoacoustic electric generator using liquid state metal for electric conduction |
| CN106602926B (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-09-14 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of thermoacoustic generator using liquid metal conduction |
| CN106593798A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermo-acoustic electrical power generation device |
| TWI822877B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2023-11-21 | 皇甫歡宇 | Inertial energy storage method |
| CN113062842A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-07-02 | 新疆维吾尔自治区寒旱区水资源与生态水利工程研究中心(院士专家工作站) | Single-piston curved cylinder compressed air refrigerating and heating circulating device |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130619 Termination date: 20140625 |
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| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |