CN202975037U - Device measuring speed and accelerated speed of bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device measuring the speed and the accelerated speed of a bullet. The device is characterized by comprising three pairs of optical emitters and optical receivers, three photoelectric conversion amplifying circuits and a data processor. The three pairs of optical emitters and optical receivers are arranged on the two sides of a bullet running track. The optical emitter and the optical receiver in each pair are a certain distance away from each other. Each optical receiver is connected with one photoelectric conversion amplifying circuit. The three photoelectric conversion amplifying circuits are connected with the data processor. The emission ends of the optical emitters are aligned with the bullet running track and opposed to the optical receivers in a parallel way. Meanwhile, the optical paths of the optical emitters are perpendicular to the bullet running track. The method and the device measuring the speed and the accelerated speed of the bullet can make the speed and the accelerated speed of the bullet measured. Meanwhile, a measuring system enables high anti-interference capabilities and high stability due to the input being a switching value.

Description

The measurement mechanism of a kind of velocity of shot and acceleration

Technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of speed measuring device, be specifically related to the measurement mechanism of a kind of velocity of shot and acceleration.

Background technology

Shot blast, to reduce part fatigue, improve one of the effective ways in life-span, shot blast is ejected into High-velocity Projectiles stream the spring surface exactly, makes the spring top layer that plastic yield occur, and forms certain thickness strengthening layer, form higher unrelieved stress in strengthening layer, due to the existence of spring bearing stress, can offset a part of anti-stress when the spring bearing load, thereby improve the fatigue strength of spring.

By the work characteristics classification of apparatus used, the velocity of shot measuring method can be divided into that sky tests the speed, coil target tests the speed, light curtain target tests the speed, radar velocity measurement, laser Dppler veloicty measurement, GPS tests the speed and the technology such as microwave interference, high-speed photography.The invention belongs to light curtain target and test the speed, but traditional light curtain target speed measuring device can't be measured the acceleration of bullet.

Summary of the invention

The technical matters that solves

For fear of the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention proposes the measurement mechanism of a kind of velocity of shot and acceleration.

Technical scheme

The measurement mechanism of a kind of velocity of shot and acceleration is characterized in that comprising three pairs of optical transmitting sets and optical receiver, three photoelectric conversion amplifiers and data processor; The three pairs of optical transmitting sets and optical receiver are arranged on bullet orbit both sides, have certain distance between the every pair of optical transmitting set and optical receiver; Each optical receiver connects a photoelectric conversion amplifier, and three photoelectric conversion amplifiers are connected with data processor; The transmitting terminal of described optical transmitting set is aimed at the bullet orbit, and is rectangular with the parallel relative and light path of optical receiver and bullet orbit.

Described optical receiver adopts light activated element.

Described photoelectric conversion amplifier comprises transistor and resistance; The light activated element of optical receiver is serially connected on the base stage of transistor, and resistance is connected with the collector of transistor as pull-up resistor.

The resistance of described pull-up resistor is selected to guarantee that transistor is operated in the zone of saturation.

Beneficial effect

A kind of velocity of shot that the present invention proposes and the measurement mechanism of acceleration can be measured the Velocity-acceleration of bullet, and because input quantity is switching value, therefore, the measuring system antijamming capability is strong, and stability is high.

Can find out from the principle of work of circuit, the stability of device is higher.Especially photoelectric conversion amplifier is operated in state of saturation or cut-off state, what export is switching value, the light that light emitting diode is sent less demanding, light intensity allows the scope of variation large, unlike the electro-optical system of outputting analog signal be generally operational in the range of linearity, the variation of signal will with the linear relationship that is varied to of illuminance, require nature also just high to light source, to demanding while of light source general also to power supply require highly, when power-supply fluctuation is larger, light intensity also can correspondingly fluctuate.Just there are not these problems in native system, and light intensity is a certain amount of when changing in a big way, because being all is operated in the saturation region, on the not impact of level of output voltage signal.

The link of the forward path of this device is less, compact conformation, unlike passage in A/D link or I/F link or V/F link are arranged, the reason that causes this difference be the signal in native system be switching value and the input of general system be analog quantity.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: principle assumption diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2: the photoelectric conversion amplifier of speed measuring device

Embodiment

Now in conjunction with the embodiments, the invention will be further described for accompanying drawing:

Measuring principle of the present invention is fixing and keep certain spacing on bullet 2 tracks with the first optical receiver 6, the second optical receiver 7 and the 3rd optical receiver 8, at the opposite side of pipeline 1, fix the first optical transmitting set 3, the second optical transmitting set 4 and the 3rd optical transmitting set 5 with the first optical receiver 6, the second optical receiver 7 and the 3rd optical receiver 8 opposing parallel correspondingly.When bullet flew over the first optical receiver 6, the first optical receiver 6 can not receive the light that the first optical transmitting set 3 sends, and photoelectric conversion amplifier 9 is converted to electric signal with this light signal, and is transferred to processor, and processor begins timing; When bullet continues to advance and passes through the second optical receiver 7, the principle of work by the first above-mentioned optical receiver 6 will produce again second timing signal, the time t that under processor for recording, bullet is advanced between the first optical receiver 6 and the second optical receiver 7 ₁, and begin new timing.When bullet continues to advance and pass through the 3rd optical receiver 8, produce the 3rd timing signal, data processor is recorded the time t that bullet is advanced between the second optical receiver 7 and the 3rd optical receiver 8 ₂The speed of note bullet at the first optical receiver 6 places is V ₀, the speed at the second optical receiver 7 places is V ₁, the speed at the 3rd optical receiver 8 places is V ₂, the spacing of the first optical receiver 6 and the second optical receiver 7 is S ₁, the spacing of the second optical receiver 7 and the 3rd optical receiver 8 is S ₂, the note acceleration is a.Calculate $a=\frac{2(S_2{t}_1-S_1{t}_2)}{t_1{t}_2({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1+t_2)},$ $V_0=\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2^2+2t_1{t}_2)S_1-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1^2{S}_2}{t_1{t}_2({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1+t_2)},$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_1=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1^2{S}_2}{t_1{t}_2({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1+t_2)},$ $V_2=\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1^2+2t_1{t}_2)S_2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2^2{S}_1}{t_1{t}_2({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="t"\; filenames="HDA00002169084800011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_1+t_2)}.$

The photoelectric conversion amplifier principle is seen Fig. 2.when the projectile measurement system is in usual state, do not have bullet 2 to fly over optical target, light beam on optical transmitting set can shine directly into light activated element, there is larger electric current to pass through in light activated element, and light activated element is (here use is the transistor of NPN type) that is serially connected on the base stage of transistor, base current in the transistor amplifying circuit is larger, amplification through transistor, just add more greatly the amplification of transistor because base current is original, amplifying circuit is not operated in linear amplification region, but be operated in the zone of saturation, the electric current of collector is also larger, under the effect of the pull-up resistor on collector (if there is no pull-up resistor, signal output part can only have been exported the signal of high level), signal output part has been exported low level signal.Bullet 2 flies over optical target in carrying out test process, luminous bundle is blocked by bullet, can not arrive photodiode, almost do not have electric current to flow through in light activated element, the base current of nature transistor is also just almost nil, it is also almost nil that transistor is in the electric current of cut-off state collector, as long as pull-up resistor is enough large, signal output part is just exported high level signal.

The first optical receiver 6 and the second optical receiver 7 apart from S in specific embodiment ₁=75mm, the distance of the second optical receiver 7 and the 3rd optical receiver 8 is S ₂=65mm.Under original state, each optical receiver is output as high level to using system.When bullet 2 arrives the first optical receivers 6 and covers light time of the first optical transmitting set 3 emissions, the first 9 pairs of photoelectric conversion amplifiers data processor output low level produces negative edge, and the first timer in data processor begins timing.When bullet 2 arrives the second optical receiver 7 and covers the light time that the second optical transmitting set 4 is launched, the second 10 pairs of photoelectric conversion amplifiers data processor output low level, produce negative edge, the second timer in data processor begins timing, the first timer stops timing simultaneously, at this moment, this moment, the second timer recorded the time, and obtained t working time at two places ₁=750us.When bullet 2 arrives the 3rd optical receivers 8 and covers light time of the 3rd optical transmitting set 5 emissions, the 3rd 11 pairs of photoelectric conversion amplifiers processor output low level, the second timer quits work, and this moment, the 3rd timer recorded the time, and obtained the working time at two places

Calculate

V ₀=99.9918m/s, V ₁=100.0082m/s, V ₂=100.0225m/s.

Claims (3)

1. the measurement mechanism of a velocity of shot and acceleration is characterized in that comprising three pairs of optical transmitting sets and optical receiver, three photoelectric conversion amplifiers and data processor; The three pairs of optical transmitting sets and optical receiver are arranged on bullet orbit both sides, have certain distance between the every pair of optical transmitting set and optical receiver; Each optical receiver connects a photoelectric conversion amplifier, and three photoelectric conversion amplifiers are connected with data processor; The transmitting terminal of described optical transmitting set is aimed at the bullet orbit, and is rectangular with the parallel relative and light path of optical receiver and bullet orbit.

2. the measurement mechanism of velocity of shot according to claim 1 and acceleration, is characterized in that: described optical receiver employing light activated element.

3. the measurement mechanism of velocity of shot according to claim 2 and acceleration, it is characterized in that: described photoelectric conversion amplifier comprises transistor and resistance; The light activated element of optical receiver is serially connected on the base stage of transistor, and resistance is connected with the collector of transistor as pull-up resistor.

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