CN202948395U - USB (Universal Serial Bus) power supply circuit and device thereof - Google Patents
USB (Universal Serial Bus) power supply circuit and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN202948395U CN202948395U CN 201220696133 CN201220696133U CN202948395U CN 202948395 U CN202948395 U CN 202948395U CN 201220696133 CN201220696133 CN 201220696133 CN 201220696133 U CN201220696133 U CN 201220696133U CN 202948395 U CN202948395 U CN 202948395U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a USB (Universal Serial Bus) power supply circuit and a device with the USB power supply circuit. Power needed by a peripheral electronic product externally connected to USB host equipment can be detected in time by a first sensor, a second sensor, a microprocessor, a voltage regulation circuit, a second power output port and a standard power supply circuit, which are located in a direct power supply circuit of the USB host equipment, the needed power is regulated and output according to detection results, and when the needed power of the connected peripheral electronic product exceeds a specified value, a power supply process is cut off, so that standard USB equipment and non-USB equipment can be continuously supplied with power and protected without needing additionally external power supply.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the power-supply device technical field, relates in particular to a kind of USB feed circuit and device thereof of the peripheral electronic product powered operation to equipment such as notebook computers.
Background technology
When the peripheral electronic product of the mobile devices such as notebook computer, UMPC (the super mobile model PC of Ultra Mobile PC) (be called for short USB peripheral hardware) uses, be generally to insert by connected USB plug to realize in the USB socket of computer and being connected of computer.Usually, USB socket provides the power supply of 5V-500mA, but, due to reasons such as inner structure, heat dissipation design, often there is the defective of USB interface power supply capacity deficiency in mobile devices such as a lot of notebooks, UMPC (the super mobile model PC of Ultra Mobile PC) on the market at present.The mobile devices such as the notebook computer that has used more for a long time, UMPC, the reasons such as electric leakage, volume lowering appear due to the electrochemical capacitor of USB interface feed circuit, the USB interface output power of power supply is reduced, the defective of USB interface power supply capacity deficiency is more obvious, make its peripheral electronic product, especially the development of audio/video electronic product is very limited.
Generally, the peripheral electronic product of the mobile device such as notebook computer, UMPC is in order to solve high-power problem, need to increase in addition external power source, so namely increased cost of products and made again the more terseness that affects very much desktop of electric wire that shows around notebook computer.
Therefore, need a kind of USB feed circuit and device thereof, to avoid defects.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of USB feed circuit and device thereof, can continue to provide power supply for the peripheral electronic product to equipment such as notebook computers, need not simultaneously extra external power source.
For addressing the above problem, the utility model provides a kind of USB feed circuit, comprising:
First sensor, input end connects the power input mouth of the straight-through feed circuit of a usb host equipment, and output terminal connects the input end of a microprocessor, and the first corresponding electric current of power that is used on the described straight-through feed circuit of perception turns magnitude of voltage;
The second sensor, input end connects the power input mouth of the straight-through feed circuit of described usb host equipment, output terminal connects the described power port of described usb host equipment and the input end of described microprocessor of outputing to, and is used for perception the second corresponding electric current of power and turns magnitude of voltage;
Regulating circuit, input end connects the output terminal of described first sensor and the output terminal of described microprocessor, is used for adjusting output voltage according to the non-USB device required voltage that is connected to described usb host equipment;
The second power stage port is according to the output voltage of described regulating circuit adjustment, for the non-USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment provides the power stage that is not more than the second power;
The reference power supply circuit, output terminal directly or indirectly connects the USB port of described main process equipment, input end connects the output terminal of described first sensor and the output terminal of microprocessor, is used to the USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment that reference power supply under the first power is provided;
Described microprocessor, be used for detecting the second power stage port whether the non-USB device of connection is arranged, if do not connect non-USB device, control described reference power supply circuit and provide reference power supply under the first power for the USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment, and detect at first sensor the USB device power demand during higher than the first power that is connected to described usb host equipment, control described reference power supply circuit and stop external output, cut off simultaneously the USB port output of described usb host equipment; If the non-USB device of connection is arranged, control the required voltage of non-USB device that described regulating circuit output connects, and during higher than the second power, control described regulating circuit and stop external output to the required power of the non-USB device that connects at described the second sensor detecting.
Further, described the first power is less than the second power.
Further, described the first power is 10W, and described the second power is 30W.
Further, during the USB port of the described main process equipment of output terminal indirect joint of described reference power supply circuit, described USB feed circuit also comprise: the USB-HUB circuit, input end with a USB port that connects described usb host equipment with are connected the output terminal of output terminal of the described reference power supply circuit of connection, be used for a USB port of described usb host equipment is extended to a plurality of USB output ports.
Further, also be provided with the power supply parallel device between the output terminal of each described USB output port and described reference power supply circuit, the USB device that is used to described USB output port to connect obtains suitable voltage.
Further, the number of described the second power stage port is a plurality of.
Further, the number of described regulating circuit is less than or equal to the number of described the second power stage port.
Further, described USB feed circuit also comprise: the detection switch circuit, be arranged between described the second power stage port and described microprocessor, make described microprocessor by to detect the second power stage port, whether the non-USB device of connection being arranged to described detection switch circuit communication.
The utility model also provides a kind of USB electric supply installation, comprises above-mentioned USB feed circuit.
Compared with prior art, USB feed circuit and device thereof that the utility model provides, by the first sensor on the straight-through feed circuit that are positioned at a usb host equipment, the second sensor, microprocessor, regulating circuit, the second power stage port and reference power supply circuit, can in time detect the power of the external peripheral required by electronic product of described usb host equipment, and according to detecting adjustment as a result and exporting required power, thereby need not extra external power source, just can continue to provide high-power output for standard USB device power supply and for non-USB device; Further, when the power of the peripheral required by electronic product that accesses surpasses setting, in time cut off power supply process, the peripheral electronic product of protection usb host equipment and access thereof.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the USB feed circuit of the utility model specific embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the USB electric supply installation of the utility model specific embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the USB method of supplying power to process flow diagram of the utility model specific embodiment.
Embodiment
For the purpose of this utility model, feature are become apparent, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is further described, yet the utility model can be realized with different forms, should not think just to be confined to described embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model provides a kind of USB feed circuit 1, comprising: the USB output port of first sensor 14, the second sensor 15, microprocessor (MCU) 16, regulating circuit 17, the second power stage port 18, reference power supply circuit 11, USB-HUB circuit 12 and expansion thereof.
Wherein, the input end of first sensor 14 connects the power input mouth 20 of the straight-through feed circuit of a usb host equipment, output terminal connects the input end of microprocessor 16, and the first corresponding electric current of power that is used on the described straight-through feed circuit of perception turns magnitude of voltage;
The second sensor 15 input ends connect the power input mouth 20 of the straight-through feed circuit of described usb host equipment, output terminal connects the described power port 21 of described usb host equipment and the input end of described microprocessor 16 of outputing to, and is used for perception the second corresponding electric current of power and turns magnitude of voltage;
Regulating circuit 17 input ends connect the output terminal of described first sensor 14 and the output terminal of described microprocessor 16, are used for adjusting output voltage according to the non-USB device required voltage that is connected to described usb host equipment;
The output voltage that the second power stage port 18 is adjusted according to described regulating circuit 17 is for the non-USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment provides the power stage that is not more than the second power;
Reference power supply circuit 11 output terminals directly or indirectly connect the USB port 22 of described main process equipment, input end connects the output terminal of described first sensor 14 and the output terminal of microprocessor 16, is used to the USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment that reference power supply under the first power is provided;
Whether described microprocessor 16 is used for detecting the second power stage port 18 the non-USB device of connection, if do not connect non-USB device, control described reference power supply circuit 11 and provide reference power supply under the first power for the USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment, and detect at first sensor 14 the USB device power demand during higher than the first power that is connected to described usb host equipment, control described reference power supply circuit 11 and stop external output, cut off simultaneously USB port 22 outputs of described usb host equipment; If the non-USB device of connection is arranged, control the required voltage of non-USB device that described regulating circuit 17 outputs connect, and the required power of the non-USB device that detects connection at described the second sensor 15 is controlled described regulating circuit 17 and is stopped external output during higher than the second power.
Generally, described the first power is less than the second power, and for example, described the first power is 10W, and described the second power is 30W, and in this case, the reference power supply voltage that the reference power supply circuit provides is 5V.
In the present embodiment, described USB feed circuit also comprise the USB output port of USB-HUB circuit 12 and expansion thereof, with the USB port 22 of the described main process equipment of output terminal indirect joint of realizing described reference power supply circuit 11; The input end that described USB-HUB circuit 12 has a USB port 22 that connects described usb host equipment with are connected the output terminal of output terminal of the described reference power supply circuit 11 of connection, be used for a USB port 22 of described usb host equipment is extended to a plurality of USB output ports.USB-HUB circuit in figure is 1 to drag 3 types, be about to USB port 22 and be extended to 3 USB output port 13a, 13b, 13c, and 3 USB output port 13a, 13b, 13c are used to the USB device that self connects to obtain suitable voltage also being provided with a power supply parallel device (as shown in the 19a in Fig. 1,19b, 19c) separately with on circuit that the output terminal of described reference power supply circuit 11 is connected.
In other embodiment of the present utility model, in order to realize simultaneously the access of a plurality of non-USB device, the number of the second power stage port can arrange a plurality of, these the second power stage ports can all be connected on a regulating circuit, also can connect separately each self-corresponding regulating circuit by man-to-man mode.Therefore, the number of described regulating circuit is generally less than the number that equals described the second power stage port.
In the present embodiment, described USB feed circuit also comprise: detection switch circuit (not shown), be arranged between described the second power stage port 18 and described microprocessor 16 (being generally the switching signal output pin that the control end of detection switch circuit is connected microprocessor), make described microprocessor 16 by to detect the second power stage port 18, whether the non-USB device of connection (namely whether having plug to insert) being arranged to described detection switch circuit communication.
Need to prove, the usb host equipment of the utility model indication can be the mobile devices such as notebook computer, panel computer, UMPC (the super mobile model PC of Ultra Mobile PC), non-USB device is mainly the powerful devices such as audio/video electronic product, printer, scanner, USB device refers to USB flash disk, portable hard drive, low-power equipment and the following emerging USB device such as storage card.
USB feed circuit of the present utility model can be directly embedded in usb host equipment, perhaps are embedded in the peripheral electronic product of usb host equipment, so that the desktop around usb host equipment is succinct.But universal in order to improve, the cost of products of reduction usb host equipment and peripheral electronic product thereof can be assembled into these USB feed circuit separately an autonomous device.
Therefore, as shown in Figure 2, the utility model also provides a kind of USB electric supply installation 30, joins with the power supply of usb host equipment, comprises above-mentioned USB feed circuit 1.In the present embodiment, the USB-HUB circuit of USB feed circuit 1 is that to drag four, the second power stage ports be 3, the jacks that therefore provide 4 USB mouths that are used for the access USB device and 3 to be used for pegging graft non-USB device for the external world.
USB feed circuit and device thereof that the utility model provides, by the first sensor on the straight-through feed circuit that are positioned at a usb host equipment, the second sensor, microprocessor, regulating circuit, the second power stage port and reference power supply circuit, can in time detect the power of the external peripheral required by electronic product of described usb host equipment, and according to detecting adjustment as a result and exporting required power, and when the power of the peripheral required by electronic product that accesses surpasses setting, in time cut off power supply process, thereby need not extra external power source, just can and provide protection for standard USB device and non-USB device continued power.
As shown in Figure 3, the utility model also provides a kind of USB method of supplying power to that uses above-mentioned USB feed circuit, comprising:
S31, be provided for the first corresponding electric current of power on the described straight-through feed circuit of perception on the straight-through feed circuit of one usb host equipment and turning the first sensor of magnitude of voltage, the input end of described first sensor connects the power input mouth of the straight-through feed circuit of described usb host equipment, and output terminal connects the input end of a microprocessor;
S32, be provided for the second sensor that perception the second corresponding electric current of power turns magnitude of voltage on the straight-through feed circuit of described usb host equipment, the input end of described the second sensor connects the power input mouth of the straight-through feed circuit of described usb host equipment, and output terminal connects the described power port of described usb host equipment and the input end of described microprocessor of outputing to;
S33, access one regulating circuit is used for adjusting output voltage according to the non-USB device required voltage that is connected to described usb host equipment, and the input end of described regulating circuit connects the output terminal of described first sensor and the output terminal of described microprocessor;
S34 arranges the second power stage port at the output terminal of described regulating circuit, is used for the output voltage adjusted according to described regulating circuit, for the non-USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment provides the power stage that is not more than the second power;
S36, access a reference power supply circuit, be used to the USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment that reference power supply under the first power is provided, the output terminal of described reference power supply circuit directly or indirectly connects the USB port of described main process equipment, input end connects the output terminal of described first sensor and the output terminal of microprocessor, and output terminal connects the USB port of described main process equipment;
S41, whether described microprocessor detecting the second power stage port has the non-USB device of connection;
S42 if do not connect non-USB device, controls described reference power supply circuit and provides reference power supply under the first power for the USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment, and further execution in step S44 and S45;
S43 if the non-USB device of connection is arranged, controls the required voltage of non-USB device that described regulating circuit output connects, and execution in step S46 and S47;
S44, whether the first sensor detecting is connected to the USB device power demand of described usb host equipment higher than the first power; If not, continue execution in step S42, described reference power supply circuit continues to provide the reference power supply under the first power; If, execution in step S45;
S45, microprocessor control described reference power supply circuit and stop external output, cut off simultaneously described usb host equipment;
S46, whether the required power of the non-USB device that the second sensor detecting connects if not, continues execution in step S43 higher than the second power, and described regulating circuit continues the required voltage of non-USB device that output connects; If, execution in step S47;
S47, microprocessor control described regulating circuit and stop external output.
In above-mentioned steps, S31 to S35 can regard the step of laying the USB feed circuit as usb host equipment such as notebook computers as, and step S41 can regard the process of the USB feed circuit power supply that lays as to step S47.use in the process of USB feed circuit of the present utility model at some, just connect before each parts of USB feed circuit self, can omit the execution of step S31 to S35, directly the input end of first sensor is connected the power input mouth of the straight-through feed circuit of described usb host equipment, the power input mouth that the input end of the second sensor is connected the straight-through feed circuit of described usb host equipment, output terminal connects the described power port that outputs to described usb host equipment and gets final product, the process of remaining USB feed circuit power supply is automatically processed and completes by microprocessor.
the disclosed USB method of supplying power to of the utility model, by on the straight-through feed circuit of a usb host equipment, first sensor being set, the second sensor, microprocessor, regulating circuit, the second power stage port and reference power supply circuit, can in time detect the power of the external peripheral required by electronic product of described usb host equipment, and according to detecting adjustment as a result and exporting required power, and when the power of the peripheral required by electronic product that accesses surpasses setting, in time cut off power supply process, thereby need not extra external power source, just can and provide protection for standard USB device and non-USB device continued power.
The below with notebook computer as usb host equipment, can circumscribed USB equipment and audio frequency and video electronic product (non-USB device) be example, describe principle of work or the using method of USB feed circuit of the present utility model in detail, use the beneficial effect of the method for supplying power to of the utility model USB feed circuit with easier, clearer understanding.
The straight-through feed circuit of notebook computer can be regarded as from this laptop adapter output terminal (being the power input mouth on the straight-through feed circuit of usb host equipment) to the power port that is input to notebook computer CPU(and outputs to described usb host equipment) one section circuit; First sensor is the 10W sensor, can turn magnitude of voltage by the corresponding electric current of perception 10W power; The second sensor is the 30W sensor, can turn magnitude of voltage by the corresponding electric current of perception 30W power; The second power stage port is 30W power stage port, can provide the high-power output of 30W for the non-USB device of notebook computer periphery; Regulating circuit is the adjustable DC/DC circuit of 30W voltage, can adjust output voltage according to the non-USB device required voltage of notebook computer periphery; Microprocessor (MCU), inner integrated system program is carried out various state detectings or operation; The reference power supply circuit is 10W DC/DC circuit, and the 5V reference power supply of 10W can be provided for USB device; The USB-HUB circuit is 1 to drag 3 USB-HUB circuit, carries out conventional USB HUB switching, the standard USB port of notebook computer can be extended to 3 high-power USB output ports here.
After the power supply adaptor of this notebook computer was connected, microprocessor inserted the detection switch signal by sending power supply to 30W power stage port, detects 30W power stage port and is not inserted by plug.
When 30W power stage port was not inserted by plug, microprocessor can detect this state, and this moment, system default was USB-HUB large power supply output mode, thereby condition of work was provided can for the following USB device of 10W; Whether the required power of the USB device that the 10W sensor detecting inserts surpasses 10W; when the USB device power demand that inserts surpasses 10W; microprocessor can be by the 10W sensor detecting to super setting; microprocessor sends the signal of stopping power supply and is given to 10W DC/DC circuit at this moment; make the 10WDC/DC circuit stop external output; and cut off the 5V USB power supply output (namely cutting off the standard USB port output of laptop) that notebook computer itself carries, to play a protective role.
When 30W power stage port had plug to insert, microprocessor can detect the variation of this state, and this moment, system automatically switched to the 30W power mode output, for the non-USB powerful device that inserts provides condition of work; Whether the required power of the USB device that the 30W sensor detecting inserts surpasses 30W; when the non-USB powerful device of outside surpasses 30W; microprocessor can be by the 30W sensor detecting to super setting; microprocessor sends the signal of stopping power supply and is given to 30W DC/DC circuit at this moment; make 30W DC/DC circuit stop external output, to play a protective role.
In sum, the USB feed circuit that the utility model provides and device and method of supplying power to, by first sensor, the second sensor, microprocessor, regulating circuit, the second power stage port and reference power supply circuit are set on the straight-through feed circuit of a usb host equipment, in time detect the power of the external peripheral required by electronic product of described usb host equipment, and according to detecting adjustment as a result and exporting suitable voltage, can for the power supply of the USB device below normal voltage, can also continue to provide high-power output for non-USB device; Further, when the power of the peripheral required by electronic product that accesses surpasses setting, in time cut off power supply process, the peripheral electronic product of protection usb host equipment and access thereof.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification and not break away from spirit and scope of the present utility model utility model.Like this, if within of the present utility model these are revised and modification belongs to the scope of the utility model claim and equivalent technologies thereof, the utility model also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (9)
1. USB feed circuit, is characterized in that, comprising:
First sensor, input end connects the power input mouth of the straight-through feed circuit of a usb host equipment, and output terminal connects the input end of a microprocessor, and the first corresponding electric current of power that is used on the described straight-through feed circuit of perception turns magnitude of voltage;
The second sensor, input end connects the power input mouth of the straight-through feed circuit of described usb host equipment, output terminal connects the described power port of described usb host equipment and the input end of described microprocessor of outputing to, and is used for perception the second corresponding electric current of power and turns magnitude of voltage;
Regulating circuit, input end connects the output terminal of described first sensor and the output terminal of described microprocessor, is used for adjusting output voltage according to the non-USB device required voltage that is connected to described usb host equipment;
The second power stage port is according to the output voltage of described regulating circuit adjustment, for the non-USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment provides the power stage that is not more than the second power;
Reference power supply circuit, output terminal directly or indirectly connect the USB port of described main process equipment; Input end connects the output terminal of described first sensor and the output terminal of microprocessor, is used to the USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment that reference power supply under the first power is provided;
Described microprocessor, be used for detecting the second power stage port whether the non-USB device of connection is arranged, if do not connect non-USB device, control described reference power supply circuit and provide reference power supply under the first power for the USB device that is connected to described usb host equipment, and detect at first sensor the USB device power demand during higher than the first power that is connected to described usb host equipment, control described reference power supply circuit and stop external output, cut off simultaneously the USB port output of described usb host equipment; If the non-USB device of connection is arranged, control the required voltage of non-USB device that described regulating circuit output connects, and during higher than the second power, control described regulating circuit and stop external output to the required power of the non-USB device that connects at described the second sensor detecting.
2. USB feed circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described the first power is less than the second power.
3. USB feed circuit as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described the first power is 10W, and described the second power is 30W.
4. USB feed circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, during the USB port of the described main process equipment of output terminal indirect joint of described reference power supply circuit, described USB feed circuit also comprise: the USB-HUB circuit, input end with a USB port that connects described usb host equipment with are connected the output terminal of output terminal of the described reference power supply circuit of connection, be used for a USB port of described usb host equipment is extended to a plurality of USB output ports.
5. USB feed circuit as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, also is provided with the power supply parallel device between the output terminal of each described USB output port and described reference power supply circuit, and the USB device that is used to described USB output port to connect obtains suitable voltage.
6. USB feed circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the number of described the second power stage port is a plurality of.
7. USB feed circuit as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the number of described regulating circuit is less than or equal to the number of described the second power stage port.
8. USB feed circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: the detection switch circuit, be arranged between described the second power stage port and described microprocessor, make described microprocessor by to detect the second power stage port, whether the non-USB device of connection being arranged to described detection switch circuit communication.
9. a USB electric supply installation, is characterized in that, described USB electric supply installation connects the power supply of a usb host equipment, and comprises the described USB feed circuit of any one in claim 1 to 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220696133 CN202948395U (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2012-12-14 | USB (Universal Serial Bus) power supply circuit and device thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220696133 CN202948395U (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2012-12-14 | USB (Universal Serial Bus) power supply circuit and device thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN202948395U true CN202948395U (en) | 2013-05-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220696133 Withdrawn - After Issue CN202948395U (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2012-12-14 | USB (Universal Serial Bus) power supply circuit and device thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN202948395U (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102999144A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-03-27 | 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 | USB (Universal Serial Bus) power supply circuit and device as well as power supply method |
| CN106774764A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | The implementation method and USB power source of multiple feed USB interface |
| CN110610689A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-24 | 合肥惠科金扬科技有限公司 | Voltage distribution method and device of display interface and display equipment |
-
2012
- 2012-12-14 CN CN 201220696133 patent/CN202948395U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102999144A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-03-27 | 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 | USB (Universal Serial Bus) power supply circuit and device as well as power supply method |
| CN102999144B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-07-29 | 青岛歌尔声学科技有限公司 | USB feed circuit and device thereof and method of supplying power to |
| CN106774764A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | The implementation method and USB power source of multiple feed USB interface |
| CN106774764B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2019-12-27 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Method for realizing multi-power supply USB interface and USB power supply |
| CN110610689A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-24 | 合肥惠科金扬科技有限公司 | Voltage distribution method and device of display interface and display equipment |
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Granted publication date: 20130522 Effective date of abandoning: 20150729 |
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