CN202823388U - Device for effective operation of thermal reactor - Google Patents
Device for effective operation of thermal reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN202823388U CN202823388U CN 201220427986 CN201220427986U CN202823388U CN 202823388 U CN202823388 U CN 202823388U CN 201220427986 CN201220427986 CN 201220427986 CN 201220427986 U CN201220427986 U CN 201220427986U CN 202823388 U CN202823388 U CN 202823388U
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- gasification reactor
- syringe
- reactor
- urea
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a device for effective operation of a thermal reactor. The thermal reactor is used for gasifying urea in order to supply materials for a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit or other devices for SCR of NOx. The device comprises a gasification reactor, a first guiding pipe device, a plurality of injectors, a plurality of guiding grooves, a pressing cover device and a second guiding pipe device. The gasification reactor is used for gasifying urea water solutions and forming a thermal gasified product flow containing NH3 and HNCO. The first guiding pipe device is used for guiding thermal gas into the gasification reactor. Each injector is provided with a double-fluid nozzle. The guiding grooves stretch into the gasification reactor from the outside of the gasification reactor, each guiding groove is used for one injector, and the injectors can move into the gasification reactor from the outside of the gasification reactor through the guiding grooves. The pressing cover device is in linkage with the injectors and used for preventing gas from escaping from the inside of the gasification reactor in the operation process and the injectors from moving. The second guiding pipe device is used for conveying product gas to devices using the product gas, wherein the product gas is generated through contact of the urea water solutions and the thermal gas in the gasification reactor.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates generally to for the equipment that effectively moves thermal reactor, this thermal reactor be used for making the urea gasification in case for example for the SCR (SCR) of NOx to the SCR unit or other device feed, this equipment effectively moves this thermal reactor by continuing to move when the urea injection device need to be repaired or clean.
Background technology
There is the commercial Application of using ammonia in many its heated air stream.In the situation that air pollution control, example is regulated for the flue gas that injects a small amount of ammonia, and depends on the SCR system of relatively large ammonia.As long as need ammonia in the thermal current, all wish to avoid using danger and the high ammonia of disposal cost itself.
Can be high-temperature service and system with the technology of Urea Transformation ammonification, for example authorize FUEL TECH, the Chinese invention patent No.200710086890.0(inventor Sun of Inc. etc.) the hot equipment that can produce complicated product gas flow described.
When the urea when introduce this class equipment for gasification as the aqueous solution in gasified by hot gas, nozzle (also claiming syringe) can block or stop up once in a while.When this stops up generation, nozzle must be pulled down repair or clean.In addition, found that nozzle or syringe benefit from the periodic maintenance of rule.Ideally, maintenance can be allowed continuous operation thermal decomposition.Yet, can cause the situation dangerous for operation person because reactor under positive pressure, is pulled down syringe.Unfortunately, when the equipment of process user customization, usually do not have can with commercial components allow non-standard operation, and the shortage that is used for pulling down at run duration the suitable tools of syringe may cause the loss of time of the operation of whole TRT, or the risk of pulling down the unchartered device that operation conforms to the pollution control device that bothers is to disassemble and to repair.
Need now to clean or repair syringe and be not related to holding one's breath reactor or even the equipment of whole system.
Especially need to be with the Urea Transformation ammonification, still maintenance is controlled the ability of ammonia generation fully and is not had equipment incrustation or excessive reagent use or pollute the system that controls loss of effectiveness.
The utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of equipment for effectively moving thermal reactor, this thermal reactor be used for making the urea gasification in case for the SCR of for example NOx to the SCR unit or other device feed, this equipment effectively moves this thermal reactor by making this thermal reactor can continue (continuing continuously) operation when the urea injection device need to be repaired or clean.
The utility model provides a kind of equipment, and it comprises: be used for making aqueous urea (aqueous solution of urea) a period of time of being heated to contain ammonia (NH with gasification and the formation that realizes aqueous urea
3) and the gasification reactor of the hot gas product stream of isocyanic acid (HNCO); Be used for hot gas is introduced the pipe guide of this gasification reactor; A plurality of syringes with two-fluid spray nozzle, wherein a kind of fluid is aqueous solution of urea, and another kind is atomizing air, and these two kinds of fluids feed in described a plurality of syringe by the concentric channels that extends in the many walls pipe guide in the gasification reactor; Extend to a plurality of gathering sills of inside reactor from the external position of described reactor, each gathering sill is used for a syringe, to allow that each syringe moves to the position of inside reactor from the position of reactor outside by gathering sill, make thus each syringe can suitably be positioned in the reactor and from reactor, take out; The pressing device that is associated with each syringe is in order to prevent that gas is in the movement of run duration from inside reactor effusion and syringe; Be used for will by aqueous solution of urea and hot gas gasification reactor contact and the product gas that produces be delivered to will its device of use, the pipe guide among for example SCR.
Ideally, each syringe be installed in separately (separate, independently) in the air-breathing gland, described air-breathing gland has the cross section with the maximum cross section complementation of syringe.Because decomposition chamber is in direct draught, gland must be so that can remove syringe, and the while unit moves to keep hot gas in case flow backward to the outside.Air-breathing gland of the present utility model is unique, removes syringe in order to overhaul this syringe because it is allowed by it, and gasification reactor continues operation simultaneously.
Preferably, air supply device is set so that forced air is introduced in the air-breathing gland under than the higher pressure of the internal pressure of gasification reactor.
Of the present utility model other is described in hereinafter with preferred aspect.
Description of drawings
The accompanying drawing that is incorporated into this specification and consists of the part of specification has been set forth specific embodiments of the present utility model, and the detailed description one of described accompanying drawing and the above describe, in general terms that provides and the specific embodiments that hereinafter provides is used from explains principle of the present utility model.Among the figure similarly the Reference numeral representation class like or corresponding parts.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that comprises the combustion plant of equipment of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the detailed side view that shows the syringe that can be used for a kind of form in the utility model and gland combination in greater detail;
Fig. 3 is for showing the schematic diagram than more detailed gasification reactor shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 4 is the top view that can be used for guiding the dispersion plate of the air stream in the gasification reactor.
The specific embodiment
Description of the present utility model is carried out with reference to the accompanying drawings, and wherein Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 schematically show the preferred embodiment of simplification.Hereinafter describe the equipment of accompanying drawing and their representatives, and reasonably quote and authorize FUEL TECH, the Chinese invention patent No.200710086890.0(inventor Sun of Inc. etc.) the middle various assemblies of describing, this patent documentation all is combined in this by reference.
Term " urea " means to comprise it, and all are purchased the urea of form, and it typically is comprised of urea substantially, contain 95 % by weight or more urea.The urea of purer form is preferred and has several advantages in the utility model method.Urea preferably as concentration for approximately 30% providing to about 70% the aqueous solution, wherein approximately 45% to 60% being most preferred approximately.
As mentioned above, when urea gasified by heat treatment, reactant gas not only contained ammonia and isocyanic acid, but also may contain from side reaction accessory substance-this depends on the warm history of thermal decomposition product.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that utilizes combustion plant of the present utility model, in order to the gasification flow of urea that does not contain any solid or liquid that obtains by the hot gas aqueous solution of urea to be provided.This combustion plant comprises combustion chamber 10, and this combustion chamber has burner, the air that described burner provides from fuel and the pipeline 14 in unshowned source by burning and provide heat in combustion zone 12.The burning gases of heat will be along the direction shown in the piece arrow by stove 10, and the heat that is derived from burning is passed to heat exchanger 16 and 18, then enter in the scr reactor 20, the NOx that produces between can be with main combustion period in this reactor processes so that this NOx changes into the nitrogen G﹠W with ammonia or gasification urea (comprising ammonia and HNCO).Perhaps, many facilities can benefit under higher temperature to use separately the SNCR (SNCR) of urea, and such as the US patent No.5 by Epperly etc., 057,293 instructs, and wherein additionally or not needs reactor 20.
After SCR reactor 20, burning gases will flow through air-to-air heat exchanger 22, and described heat exchanger is used for extraneous air that preheating provides by pipeline 24 so that it is delivered to combustion zone 12 via pipeline 14.The burning gases that leave heat exchanger 22 are entering electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 28(or other particle control appliance such as dust storage chamber by pipeline 26) in the time significantly cooled off, particle is collected in this electrostatic precipitator, then gas is through gas chimney 30.This is the form of simplifying very much of actual industrial or practical burner and effluent treatment facility, but shows primary clustering and correlation thereof.
Urea gasification system 40 generally is shown among Fig. 1, and it comprises process gas supply 32 and a plurality of syringe 42,42 ' etc.-illustrate two for ease of elaboration herein.With reference to figure 2, this figure illustrates in greater detail the details of syringe 42.Atomizing air is via pipeline 43 supply, and this source of supply is with concentric via the aqueous urea source of supply of conduit 44 and in its outside, and described aqueous urea source of supply feeds urea liquid in the interior spray nozzle device 45 of reactor chamber 48.This configuration makes urea insulate with respect to the heat in the conduit 44.
A plurality of gathering sill 50(for example see Fig. 2) extend to the inside (for example right side of Fig. 2) of this reactor from the external position (for example left side of Fig. 2) of described reactor 48.Described a plurality of gathering sill 50 allows that each syringe with probe shaft 47 vertically moves by gathering sill 50, so that each syringe can suitably be positioned in the reactor and take out from reactor.Pressing device 56 is associated with each syringe 42 with axle 47, overflows and prevents that syringe from moving at reactor 48 run durations from this inside reactor at the reactor run duration to prevent gas.Gathering sill 50 can be processed into provide radially around and a plurality of, six grooves for example of the length of extending channel 50.These grooves are conducive to air in pressing device 56 inflow reactors 48, to guarantee from the forward net flow of outside to the inside of reactor 48.Being dimensioned to of one or more grooves can be allowed outstanding syringe nozzle 45 passes through.
Ideally, each syringe 42 is installed in separately the air-breathing gland 56, and this air-breathing gland has the cross section with the maximum cross section complementation of syringe axle 47 and spray nozzle device 45, in order to can move in passage 50.Because decomposition chamber 48 under positive pressure, gland 56 must make it possible to remove syringe, and this unit moves to prevent that hot gas from flowing backward to the outside simultaneously.The air-breathing gland 56 that the utility model uses allows by it and removes syringe with use, and gasification reactor continues operation simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 2, be provided with the air supply device that comprises conduit 54 and valve 58, so that forced air is introduced in the air-breathing gland 56 via accessory 59 under than the higher pressure of the internal pressure of gasification reactor 48.Ideally, each syringe 42 is installed in the air-breathing gland 56 that separates that has with the cross section of the maximum cross section complementation of syringe.
For taking out syringe 42, valve 58 is opened so that air begins to flow to reactor 48 by accessory 59.If the opening to gathering sill 50 continues to stay open the stage that continues prolongation, then opening can be sealed with unshowned stopper or clip, but this chooses wantonly.
Enter hot gas in the urea gasification system 40 urea mainly can be gasified ammonification and isocyanic acid via pipe guide 32, substantially do not stay liquid or solid.Enter in the urea gasification system 40 gas preferably in the porch in the scope of 700-1200 ℉, and their time in gasification reactor be enough to make aqueous solution of urea to be gasified totally, so that the air-flow that comprises ammonia and isocyanic acid to be provided.This air-flow can be taken out from urea gasification system 40 and remains under the temperature more than 450 ℉ in order to use.
Preferably with the gas-heated by pipe guide 32 supply to greater than 800 ℉, then under this gas is kept above the situation of temperature of at least 450 ℉, this gas is introduced in urea gasification reactor 48.Can effectively adopt from the intake air temperature of 850 ℉ to 1200 ℉.Can as required additional heat be fed in this chamber.In addition, well thermal insulation of preferred urea gasification system 40 (ginseng heat insulation layer 54, it can be ceramic) keeps to help temperature.The temperature of gas and the time of staying can realize being gasified totally effectively before leaving from urea gasification reactor 48.Inlet temperature in the urea gasification reactor 48 and temperature keep also should be enough high to keep at least about 450 ℉ the outlet temperature of preferred at least 500 ℉.
Also show further feature, for example controller 70 and related sensor 66.The process gas pipeline 32 that arrives can comprise the air door (not shown), and this air door is controlled by the control pipeline of the associated exemplary shown in controller 70 and the dotted line (can be hardwire or wireless) as other air door is the same with valve.Pressure sensor 66 grades can help to determine correct operation.Controller can adopt various control actions, comprises providing warning to the operator.
Usually will provide less than carrying with at least 300 ℃ temperature from 3% gas volume of total burning gases volume of burner 10 and with them for delivery of being dimensioned to of the pipe guide 32 of the gas that is formed by extraneous air and/or burning gases.Gasification reactor comprises one or more nozzles 45, introduces in the hot gas under the condition of the described aqueous urea that effectively gasifies with the drop (under 500 microns) of generation aqueous solution of urea and with them.Preferably be provided for keeping greater than 450 ℉ (as mentioned above, need high temperature) the heater of temperature, to guarantee in the described drop that basic all urea all change into gas at 1-10 in second, substantially do not stay remarkable dissolving or free solid or liquid and contact with the SCR catalyst and make described SCR catalyst incrustation.Yet unusual for example operator's the carelessness of processing may hinder and be gasified totally and some solids or liquid can jeopardize operation.
After gasification, the urea gasification product enters by conduit 60 and comprises in the device of annotating ammonia grid 68, contains the gas of the gas that is produced by the aqueous solution of urea gasification by NOx reducing catalyst 20 with guiding under the condition that effectively reduces the NOx concentration in the mixed airflow.
With reference to figure 3, vaporizer shown in it 48, this vaporizer has process gas entrance 32, gas vent 60, gas distribution grid 62 and a plurality of syringe nozzle 45(for introducing aqueous solution of urea illustrates two for simplicity), described aqueous solution of urea feeds via pipeline 44 as the spraying 144 of the small aqueous solution of urea drop that atomizes by the atomizing air that feeds via pipeline 43.With reference to figure 4, have the plate 62 of large opening 63 and a plurality of smaller opening 64 shown in it, described large opening is in order to hold four syringe nozzles 45, and described a plurality of smaller opening controls are from the thermal current of source of supply 32.Determine the layout of described opening, with realize gas from from the top to the Uniform Flow of bottom, guarantee thus gasification, liquid is minimized with the contacting of wall 52 of container 48.
Syringe 42 grades are preferably arranged side by side with plate.According to design and the flow velocity of nozzle, the opening of syringe can above this plate, below or contour with it.Preferred nozzle and plate separate, and flow through opening 63 and flow between syringe nozzle 45 and plate 62 to allow.One group preferably is of a size of, and the large opening 63 of central authorities has the diameter of 4-8cm, and the smaller opening 64 that centers on it for example has the diameter of 2-4cm.
Preferably spray pattern 144 is designed to taper shape or even distribution is provided.Can use any suitable syringe or nozzle.Less than 500 microns but typically less than 100 and preferred drop or granular size below 50 microns be desirable so that rapidly evaporation water and decomposing urea.Consider in addition the container size, little drop of waiting a moment may be more better than large and fast drop.If necessary, can be with steam as atomizing fluids.Urea feeding line 43 can be provided for the central passage of urea and for circular passage around the atomizing fluids of being supplied by conduit 44, urea can be protected in case leaving decomposition in the probe shaft 47 that is prolonging before the syringe nozzle 45 in this circular passage.
The hot gas that enters in the chamber 48 via entrance 32 can gasify urea by pyrolysis and/or hydrolysis, and the gas that contains the urea that gasifies leaves chamber 48 via outlet 60.Preferably with gas at least 450 ℉, be preferably greater than 500 ℉ and more preferably from about 600 ℉ to about 1300 ℉, for example approximately 700 ℉ introduce in the chamber 48 to the temperature of about 1200 ℉.Can effectively realize being gasified totally leaving before the chamber 48 temperature and the time of staying of gas.Entering temperature also should be enough high to keep at least about 350 ℉ the outlet temperature of preferred at least 450 ℉.From the existence meeting facilitation of hydrolysis of the moisture that enters gas or urea liquid, this is desirable but not necessarily.The utility model provides the design of improved urea decomposition chamber by adjusting gas velocity, and the adjustment of described gas velocity uses perforated plate to carry out, and this plate has and prevents that effectively urea or accessory substance from refluxing to the opening of the different size of the entity shell of nozzle or nozzle.
Leave the solid of vaporizer or the precautionary measures that liquid endangers SCR unit, downstream as preventing, can use element 65.Element 65 can be sieve, a series of baffle plate or blade, filter etc., and it is designed to catch solid or liquid from any source.It contains catalyst alternatively, with HNCO or urea or accessory substance hydrolysis ammonification.
Introduce before the urea and later on hot-air suitable VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION for the operation of decomposition chamber 40 be key and realize by the utility model.The utility model provides urea is injected desirable thermal air current pattern, to realize effective urea distribution of gasifying and can not cause nozzle incrustation and relevant issues.Effectively the gas velocity adjustment is by realizing with the suitable location of custom-designed perforated plate 16 and syringe nozzle 45 outlets, the gas velocity curve that near gas and the syringe gas or urea granules is almost mated with formation, and near the gas velocity of the reduction the wall 52 is provided.The design of the design of plate 62 mesopores and the flow parameter of urea and hot gas can be by computational fluid dynamics or cold-flow modelling or test and error realization with larger difficulty.
Advantageously, the utility model provides the adjustment of gas and liquid velocity, and this has been avoided near the stream recirculation zone the syringe nozzle 45.Near the syringe nozzle 45 recirculation is undesirable, because it can cause droplet deposition on syringe body.In case deposition, the reactant solid will gather in time.This solids tends to cause clashing into bulky grain or the drop of locular wall to syringe spraying growth and resultant interference spray pattern.To the bump of wall so that on wall the deposition solid thing.By making gas velocity almost mate spray velocity, this recirculation zone and its adverse effect have been avoided.
Above-mentioned explanation is used for instruction those skilled in the art and how puts into practice the utility model.No longer describe all obvious changes and modification that those skilled in the art learn through reading this specification in detail.Yet all these classes obviously change and modification is included in the scope of the present utility model that following claim limits.Unless clearly provide opposite indication, claim is intended to contain effectively to satisfy and is intended to the claimed assembly of purpose and the step of any order.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is used for the effectively equipment of operation thermal reactor, this thermal reactor be used for gasification urea in case for the SCR of NOx to the SCR unit or other device feed, this equipment effectively moves this thermal reactor by making it to continue operation when the urea injection device need to be repaired or clean, this equipment comprises:
A. make aqueous solution of urea a period of time of being heated contain NH with gasification and the formation that realizes aqueous solution of urea
3Gasification reactor with the hot gas product stream of HNCO;
B. hot gas is introduced the pipe guide in this gasification reactor;
C. a plurality of syringes that have two-fluid spray nozzle, wherein a kind of fluid is aqueous solution of urea, and one other fluid is atomizing air, and these two kinds of fluids feed in described a plurality of syringe by the concentric channels that stretches in the many walls pipe guide in this gasification reactor;
D. extend to a plurality of gathering sills of this gasification reactor inside from the external position of this gasification reactor, each gathering sill is used for a syringe, to allow each syringe by the position of gathering sill from the position movement of this gasification reactor outside to this gasification reactor inside, make thus each syringe can suitably be positioned in this gasification reactor and from this gasification reactor, take out;
E. be associated with each syringe to prevent that gas from overflowing and pressing device that syringe moves from gasification reactor is inner at run duration; And
F. will be contacted in gasification reactor with hot gas and the product gas that produces is delivered to the pipe guide in the equipment that uses this product gas by aqueous solution of urea.
2. according to claim 1 equipment is characterized in that, each syringe is installed in the air-breathing gland separately, and described air-breathing gland has the cross section with the maximum cross section complementation of syringe.
3. according to claim 1 equipment is characterized in that, decomposition chamber is in direct draught, and gland must be so that can remove syringe, simultaneously the unit move to keep hot gas in case this gas backflow to outside.
4. according to claim 2 equipment is characterized in that, air-breathing gland allows by this air-breathing gland and remove syringe in order to overhaul, and gasification reactor continues operation simultaneously.
5. according to claim 2 equipment is characterized in that, is provided with air supply device, so that forced air is introduced in the air-breathing gland under than the higher pressure of the internal pressure of gasification reactor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261667046P | 2012-07-02 | 2012-07-02 | |
| US61/667,046 | 2012-07-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN202823388U true CN202823388U (en) | 2013-03-27 |
Family
ID=47935188
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220427986 Expired - Fee Related CN202823388U (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2012-08-27 | Device for effective operation of thermal reactor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN202823388U (en) |
-
2012
- 2012-08-27 CN CN 201220427986 patent/CN202823388U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130327 Termination date: 20200827 |