Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is by simple circuit and instrument, intuitively demonstrates the neutral point drifting technology to the impact of electric energy meter metering.
A kind of electric-power metering neutral point drifting test unit comprises that three-phase four-wire power passes through master switch K and the on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration of on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electric wire tester instrument
E 1 , the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 , load blocks RL-RL links to each other the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter successively
E 2 After be connected to a neutral point excursion module
ONO, the neutral point excursion module
ONOEmotional resistance by two adjustable resistances
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 Form the emotional resistance of adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 A separately end by the two-phase switch
K 1 Respectively with three-phase electricity in arbitrarily the two-phase electricity connect the emotional resistance of adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 The separately other end link together and pass through single-phase switch
K 5 With the neutral line
NLink to each other or disconnection.
In order to reach better demonstration effect, above-mentioned three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Potential winding input end and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 The potential winding input end link to each other; Also comprise voltage measurement module
V-V, this voltage measurement module
V-VBe comprised of three A.C. voltmeters, these three an A.C. voltmeters separately end link to each other with three-phase electricity respectively, and the other end links together and passes through switch separately
K 6 With the neutral line
NOr with the neutral point excursion module
ONOLink to each other; Also comprise the voltage phase angle measurement module
φ-φ, the voltage phase angle measurement module
φ-φBy phase voltammetric meter
φ 1, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2And phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Form phase voltammetric meter
φ 1Voltage input end U
1And U
2Link to each other with three-phase electricity U, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2Voltage input end U
3And U
4Link to each other with three-phase electricity V, phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Voltage input end U
5And U
6W links to each other with three-phase electricity; Phase voltammetric meter
φ 1Voltage-contrast end N
1, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2Voltage-contrast end N
2And phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Voltage-contrast end N
3Link together and link to each other with neutral line N; Phase voltammetric meter
φ 1Voltage-contrast end O
1, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2Voltage-contrast end O
2And phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Voltage-contrast end O
3Link together and link to each other with skew neutral line O; Phase voltammetric meter
φ 1Electric current input/output terminal I
1And I
2Respond to mutually with load circuit U be connected, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2Electric current input/output terminal I
3And I
4Respond to mutually with load circuit V be connected, phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Electric current input/output terminal I
5And I
6Respond to mutually with load circuit W and to be connected.
The power expression of three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter is shown below:
Electric energy metrical mainly depends on for adding to the three elements of power factor value between electric energy meter voltage, electric current, voltage and electric current, the direct current resistance of general 220 volts of single-phase electric energy meter potential windings is about 0.4~1.2 kilo-ohm, and the potential winding direct current resistance of 3 * 380/220 active electric energy meters is 0.4~0.8 kilo-ohm.
The A point of the zero line of user's low voltage electric network (N line) before advancing hermetically sealed batch meter PH disconnects, and uses electric screen first again
M 1 Neutral line N on B point place switch is set
K 5 , and at the four-function electric screen
M 4 The D point introduce the zero line (N line) that a ground wire substitutes low voltage electric network.
Work as switch
K 5 Disconnect, first uses electric screen
M 1 Switch
K 1 When closing, the neutral point excursion module
ONOMust be electric, because
ONOOnly access the emotional resistance of two adjustable resistances
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 , when these two impedances and electric energy meter potential winding impedance loop
Z U ,
Z V ,
Z W Be connected in parallel on the three-phase supply of electrical network, be equivalent in the wye connection section, give
Z U Increased emotional resistance in parallel
Z 1 , give
Z V Increased emotional resistance in parallel
Z 2 , so that the load of three-phase is different, the neutral point potential that causes star connection is non-vanishing and drift occurs form the drift neutral point
O, just so that the zero line current potential of measuring screen three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter also drifts about, namely express neutral point in the vector plot at three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter power
OAt triangle UNV bias internal, thereby the U of triple-phase line, V, W phase and drift neutral point
OElectric potential difference change, thereby the people be the voltage that causes electric energy meter potential winding two ends by
U-N, V-N, W-NBecome
U-O, V-O, W-OSimultaneously because the skew neutral point
OAt triangle UNV bias internal, corresponding
U-O, V-O, W-OThe phasing degree also change so power factor value cos in the power expression of three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
φ U , cos
φ V , cos
φ W Also will change, wherein one concentrate use mutually pure resistor load by making in the three-phase electricity, another uses inductive load mutually, and third phase is working load not, just can reach to reduce the purpose of measuring electric energy.
When the metering neutral point
OWith earth point D connecting valve
K 5 When switch closes, neutral point
OFloat to zero line
NThe place, the three-phase phase voltage of measuring screen
U-O, V-O, W-ORevert to
U-N, V-N, W-NNormal voltage, thereby the user can be smoothly power utility check by power supply department.
Embodiment
Specify the course of work of the utility model device below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one
A kind of electric-power metering neutral point drifting test unit, three-phase four-wire power passes through master switch
KWith on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 , the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 , load blocks RL-RL links to each other the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter successively
E 2 After be connected to a neutral point excursion module
ONO, the neutral point excursion module
ONOEmotional resistance by the adjustable resistance of two parallel connections
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 Form the emotional resistance of adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 An end by the two-phase switch
K 1 Respectively with three-phase electricity in
UMutually the electricity and
VElectricity disconnects mutually, the emotional resistance of adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 The other end pass through single-phase switch
K 5 With the neutral line
NConnect; Also comprise voltage measurement module
V-V, voltage measurement module
V-VBy A.C. voltmeter
V 1 , A.C. voltmeter
V 2 And A.C. voltmeter
V 3 Three A.C. voltmeters form A.C. voltmeter
V 1 , A.C. voltmeter
V 2 And A.C. voltmeter
V 3 A wherein end respectively phase line corresponding to three-phase electricity link to each other, the other end links together and passes through switch
K 6 N links to each other with the neutral line; Also comprise the voltage phase angle measurement module
φ-φ, the voltage phase angle measurement module
φ-φBy phase voltammetric meter
φ 1, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2And phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Form phase voltammetric meter
φ 1Voltage input end U
1And U
2Link to each other with three-phase electricity U, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2Voltage input end U
3And U
4Link to each other with three-phase electricity V, phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Voltage input end U
5And U
6W links to each other with three-phase electricity; Phase voltammetric meter
φ 1Voltage-contrast end N
1, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2Voltage-contrast end N
2And phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Voltage-contrast end N
3Link together and link to each other with neutral line N; Phase voltammetric meter
φ 1Voltage-contrast end O
1, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2Voltage-contrast end O
2And phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Voltage-contrast end O
3Connection links to each other with skew neutral line O; Phase voltammetric meter
φ 1Electric current input/output terminal I
1And I
2Respond to mutually with load circuit U be connected, phase voltammetric meter
φ 2Electric current input/output terminal I
3And I
4Respond to mutually with load circuit V be connected, phase voltammetric meter
φ 3Electric current input/output terminal I
5And I
6Respond to mutually with load circuit W and to be connected.Be normal electricity consumption situation this moment, and neutral line N and skew neutral line O pass through switch
K 5 Link to each other the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 With three-phase and four-line electric wire tester
E 1 Reading is identical, shows on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 The metering difference of the measured value of displayed value and three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter E2 metering load consumption active energy is in specialized range; A.C. voltmeter V1, A.C. voltmeter V2 and A.C. voltmeter V3 show the voltage of U-N, V-N, W-N, phase voltammetric meter φ 1, phase voltammetric meter φ 2 and phasing degree=0 before and after phase voltammetric meter φ 3 all shows identical voltage drift and identical each phase voltage and the phasing degree of electric current.
Embodiment two
Embodiment two devices and embodiment one device are basic identical, and difference is: the two-phase switch
K 1 Respectively with three-phase electricity in
UMutually the electricity and
VThe phase electric connection, the emotional resistance of adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 The other end pass through single-phase switch
K 5 With the neutral line
NDisconnect.Be improper electricity consumption situation this moment, the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Not identical with on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument E1 reading, show that on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument E1 demonstrates the metering of three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter E2 metering load consumption active energy poor very large; Work as switch
K 6 N links to each other with the neutral line, A.C. voltmeter
V 1 , A.C. voltmeter
V 2 And A.C. voltmeter
V 3 Show
U-N, V-N, W-NVoltage, work as switch
K 6 When linking to each other with skew neutral line O, in the neutral point excursion module
ONOEffect under, A.C. voltmeter
V 1 , A.C. voltmeter
V 2 And A.C. voltmeter
V 3 Show
U-O, V-O, W-OVoltage, and demonstrate
U-O, V-O, W-OThree-phase voltage is unequal; Show access three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The voltage at potential winding two ends changes, and causes the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Not identical with on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument E1 reading, show the active energy that three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter E2 can not the accurate-metering load consumption; Phase voltammetric meter
φ 11 end, phase voltammetric meter
φ 23 ends and phase voltammetric meter
φ 35 ends show respectively
U-N, V-N, W-NPhasing degree and the phasing degree of voltage-to-current all identical with the value that embodiment one shows, phase voltammetric meter
φ12 ends, phase voltammetric meter
φ24 ends and phase voltammetric meter
φBehind the neutral point drifting that 36 ends show
U-O, V-O, W-OPhasing degree and the phasing degree of voltage-to-current all different from the value that embodiment one shows, show the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The voltage at potential winding two ends
U-O, V-O, W-OThe phasing degree change the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The voltage and the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter of flowing through at potential winding two ends
E 2 The phasing degree of the electric current of current coil also changes.
Embodiment three
Embodiment three devices are basic identical with the embodiment two devices, and difference is: change the neutral point excursion module
ONOThe emotional resistance of adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 Size, phase voltammetric meter
φ 11 end, phase voltammetric meter
φ 23 ends and phase voltammetric meter
φ 35 ends show
U-N, V-N, W-NPhasing degree and the phasing degree of voltage-to-current all identical with the value that embodiment two shows, phase voltammetric meter
φ 12 ends, phase voltammetric meter
φ 24 ends and phase voltammetric meter
φ 3The neutral point drifting that shows of 6 ends after
U-O, V-O, W-OPhasing degree and three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The voltage and the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter of flowing through at potential winding two ends
E 2 The phasing degree of the electric current of current coil is all different from the value that embodiment two shows, shows the emotional resistance along with adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 The change of impedance, the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The voltage at potential winding two ends
U-O, V-O, W-OThe phasing degree change the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The phasing degree of electric current of voltage and the current coil of flowing through at potential winding two ends variation has also occured.
Embodiment four
Embodiment four devices are basic identical with embodiment three devices, and difference is: regulate the neutral point excursion module
ONOThe emotional resistance of adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 , make emotional resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 Equate and resistance reduces gradually, express in the vector plot neutral point O at three-phase electric energy and begin the drift arrival OX point that finally can drift about from N point, when the emotional resistance of the adjustable resistance of parallel connection
Z 1 With
Z 2 Much smaller than the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The potential winding impedance loop
Z U , Z V , Z W The time, U
W-O Value is 220V+110V=330V; Emotional resistance when the adjustable resistance of parallel connection
Z 1 With
Z 2 Much larger than the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The potential winding impedance loop
Z U , Z V , Z W The time, U
W-O Value is 220V.
Vector plot active electric energy meter power was expressed in the vector plot after voltage vector after the neutral point O skew was drawn into neutral point drifting, can find that the phasing degree of the input voltage of electric energy meter actual metered value and voltage circuit, electric current that current return is flowed through and the input voltage of voltage circuit and the electric current that current return is flowed through is relevant.By vector plot and voltage phase angle measurement module
φ-φThe phase angle variations of voltage-to-current, find
With
Be the phase angle after the drift, the former is leading U
UN , the latter U that lags behind
VN
Embodiment five
Embodiment five devices are basic identical with embodiment four devices, and difference is: the emotional resistance of regulating the adjustable resistance of neutral point excursion module ONO
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 , make the emotional resistance of adjustable resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 Equal and resistance increases gradually or reduces, so that drift angle
=
In the time of=25 °, the W phase voltage is not drifted about
=0 °, after the neutral point O drift,
When threephase load equates the regulating resistance load
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 And motor load
M 1 , M 2 , M 3 So that the power-factor of load is 1.0 o'clock:
The three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement U mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 1 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Measurement U mutual-assistance electric energy
P 1 Measuring sensor and three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement V mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 2 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Measurement V mutual-assistance electric energy
P 2 Measuring sensor is compared each and is measured less electric weight and be:
(220-191.26×cos25°)×100%÷220=21.20%;
The three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement W mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 3 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Measurement W mutual-assistance electric energy
P 3 Measuring sensor is compared many metering electric weight:
(313.33-220)×cos0°×100%÷220=42.42%;
The three-phase comprehensive error in dipping is 42.42%-2 * 21.20%=+0.02%.
When threephase load equates the regulating resistance load
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 And motor load
M 1 , M 2 , M 3 So that power-factor of load perception is when being 0.866 (power-factor angle is 30 °):
The three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement U mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 1 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Demonstrate and measure the U mutual-assistance with electric energy
P 1 Measuring sensor is compared few metering electric weight:
[220×cos30°-191.26×cos(25°+30°)]×100%÷(220×cos30°)=42.42%;
The three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement V mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 2 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Measurement V mutual-assistance electric energy
P 2 Measuring sensor is compared many metering electric weight:
[191.26×cos(30°-25°)-220×cos30°]×100%÷(220×cos30°)=0.00%;
The three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement W mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 3 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Measurement W mutual-assistance electric energy
P 3 Measuring sensor is compared many metering electric weight:
[313.33×cos30°-220×cos30°]×100%÷(220×cos30°)=42.42%;
The three-phase comprehensive error in dipping is 42.42%-0.00%-42.42%=+0.00%.
When threephase load equates the regulating resistance load
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 And motor load
M 1 , M 2 , M 3 So that power-factor of load perception is when being 0.5 (power-factor angle is 60 °):
The three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement U mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 1 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Measurement U mutual-assistance electric energy
P 1 Measuring sensor is compared few metering electric weight:
[220×cos60°-191.26×cos(25°+60°)]×100%÷(220×cos60°)=84.84%;
The three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement V mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 2 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Measurement V mutual-assistance electric energy
P 2 Measuring sensor is compared many metering electric weight:
[191.26×cos(60°-25°)-220×cos60°]×100%÷(220×cos60°)=42.43%;
The three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 Measurement W mutual-assistance electric energy
Q 3 Measuring sensor and on-the-spot three-phase and four-line electrical energy meter calibration instrument
E 1 Measurement W mutual-assistance electric energy
P 3 Measuring sensor is compared many metering electric weight:
[313.33×cos60°-220×cos60°]×100%÷(220×cos60°)=42.42%;
The three-phase comprehensive error in dipping is 84.84%-42.43%-42.42%=-0.01%.
When threephase load equates, the emotional resistance of the adjustable resistance by regulating neutral point excursion module ONO
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 , make emotional resistance
Z 1 And emotional resistance
Z 2 Equal and resistance reduces gradually, makes drift angle
=
Constantly change test, the result is as follows:
。
Embodiment six
Embodiment six devices are basic identical with embodiment five devices, and difference is: when threephase load equates the regulating resistance load
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 And motor load
M 1 , M 2 , M 3 So that pure resistor load concentrates on the V phase, so that pure inductive load concentrates on the U phase, mutually not loading of W.
This moment is so that the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter
E 2 The voltage at the potential winding two ends of middle U phase and the three-phase and four-line active electric energy meter of flowing through
E 2 The phasing degree of the electric current of current coil increases, so that power factor value is less.Thereby so that the electric energy metrical of U phase is fewer.