CN202689160U - Green supplementary water and power supply system for building - Google Patents

Green supplementary water and power supply system for building Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202689160U
CN202689160U CN2012203313983U CN201220331398U CN202689160U CN 202689160 U CN202689160 U CN 202689160U CN 2012203313983 U CN2012203313983 U CN 2012203313983U CN 201220331398 U CN201220331398 U CN 201220331398U CN 202689160 U CN202689160 U CN 202689160U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rainwater
water
control valve
hole
power
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2012203313983U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
顾正华
刘国良
尚淑丽
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Priority to CN2012203313983U priority Critical patent/CN202689160U/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10Photovoltaic [PV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30Wind power
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/50Hydropower in dwellings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Abstract

The utility model discloses a green supplementary water and power supply system for a building. A green supplementary water and power supply method for the building is characterized in that rainwater is collected by a roof, is gathered into a water storage tank by a rainwater pipe network and overflows into a rainwater electrochemical reaction tank by an overflow pipeline, continuous rain flow pushes a hydraulic turbine generator to generate power, tail water of the rain flow is drained into a water storage pond by a water outlet channel, a wind generator and a solar panel are mounted on the roof of the building and are connected into a power distribution unit for supplementary power generation together with an output circuit of the hydraulic turbine generator, and the generated power is stored in a storage battery for rainwater quality treatment, and supplementary power is supplied to a user when the power is abundant. The rainwater in the water storage pond and the water storage tank supplements common domestic water, and the rainwater in the rainwater electrochemical reaction tank supplements domestic drinking water. The green supplementary water and power supply system has the advantages of environment friendliness, simple structure, investment conservation, remarkable economic and social benefits and the like, and has great research and popularization values under the background of energy conservation, emission reduction and water resource crisis.

Description

The green water and electricity supply system that replenishes of building
Technical field
The utility model belongs to water resources development and field of renewable energy resource utilization, particularly the green water and electricity supply system that replenishes of a kind of building.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of Social economy, water resources shortage and the energy, environmental crisis have become the significant problem that the mankind face, need develop new regenerative resource and unconventional water resource in order to ensure the sustainable development of human society.China is located in the Northern Hemisphere, and the soil is vast, has a vast territory, and territory total area reaches 9,600,000 km 2, on the wide fertile land of China, abundant solar energy resources being arranged, year solar radiation total amount in all parts of the country is 928~2333kWh/m 2, intermediate value is 1626kWh/m 2Estimation according to Meteorological Research Institute of National Meteorological Bureau, the theoretical developable total amount of the ground wind energy potential in the whole nation is near 3,226 hundred million kW, height layer reality can be 25,300,000,000 kW for the exploitation amount, and this numeral is equivalent to China's annual generating total installation of generating capacity in 1996, and developable wind energy resources is very abundant; China's rainwater resource is also very abundant, and mean annual precipitation is 61,900 hundred million m 3, the potentiality that can develop are very huge.At present, China's Renewable Energy Development is rapid, and the proportion in total energy constantly promotes.From the wind turbine input commercialized running of the mid-80 introduction in last century 55kW capacitance grade, development through twenties years, the wind-power market of China has obtained significant progress, to the end of the year 2009, China's wind-powered electricity generation total installation of generating capacity reaches 260l ten thousand kW, occupies the second in the world, adding new capacity 1,300 ten thousand kW in 2009, account for 36% of world's adding new capacity, occupy first place in the world; The period of China's photovoltaic generation fast development since the nineties in 20th century, this in period China's photovoltaic module production capacity strengthen year by year, cost constantly reduces, market constantly enlarges, installed capacity increases year by year, and accumulative total in 2004 installed capacity reaches 35MW, accounts for 3% of world's share.
As everyone knows, be subjected to that weather condition restriction, electric energy are unstable, continued power ability, electricity price are high, with the be incorporated into the power networks impact of the factors such as a difficult problem of conventional electric energy, utilize single generating electricity by natural energy to have significant limitation, the factors such as the quality of the energy, cost are restricting the development of regenerative resource.Yet consider the complementary characteristics that solar energy, wind energy, rain can be on time and spaces, carry out the green beyond doubt better outlet that improves energy quality, reduces cost of electricity-generating of generating of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other.What research application both at home and abroad was more at present is the combination of wind-power electricity generation and solar energy power generating, and the collection utilization major part of rainwater is just rested on the natural function of water resource, ignored the utilization to the rain energy, can be almost still blank with the utilization that wind energy, solar energy composite get up with rain, do not consider that more utilizing the natural energy generating to take into account processes the technical solution that Rainwater Quality realizes that water power " certainly originates from and disappears ".Under the overall background that energy shortage, environment pollution and water resources problems highlight; carry out rainwater-collecting; utilize the green energy resources such as wind energy, solar energy, rain energy to realize providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other generating; and utilize the part electric energy that sends to take electrochemical method to process Rainwater Quality; it can replenish the living water power supply; for the to protect mankind living environment, alleviate the energy and water resources crisis has very important theoretical and practical significance, the sustainable development of socio-economy of green city's construction and lack of water power-shortage area is had huge practical value.Especially for remote districts, the areas such as work station, remote mountain areas and island such as signal station, geological prospecting and the field study of the relay station of the frontier sentry of army, post and telecommunications, highway and railway, adopt the electrical network inconvenience that transmits electric power also unreasonable, the natural energy complemental power-generation is good selection, and for these remote districts, freshwater resources are unusually valuable, utilize rainwater if can effectively collect, and just can effectively solve the productive life problem of remote districts.Natural precipitation is owing to being subjected to the impact of pollutant and roofing materials in the atmosphere, Rainwater Quality does not reach the sanitary standard of Drinking Water for Residents generally speaking, for this reason, " gather materials on the spot, certainly originate from disappear ", the electric energy that utilizes the green energy resource complemental power-generation to produce is further processed the Rainwater Quality of collecting with electrochemical method, make it reach the sanitary standard of Drinking Water for Residents, simultaneously because electrochemical process consumption electric energy is less, unnecessary electric energy can directly supply resident living power utility, or store as stand-by electric energy, also or by interconnection technology be connected to the grid.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of building the green water and electricity supply system that replenishes.
The green water and electricity supply system that replenishes of building comprises the building roofing, Storm Sewer Network, reservoir, overflow pipe, the rainwater electrochemical reaction cell, the generating drainage tube, hydrogenerator, wind-driven generator, solar panel, power line, power supply unit, battery, water outlet, spout hole, U-shaped pipe, mudhole, the water intaking hole, the retaining pool, priming hole, hydraulic turbine drainage control valve, the overflow pipe control valve, water intaking hole control valve, the priming hole control valve, wind-driven generator and solar panel are installed on the building roofing, Storm Sewer Network connects reservoir by the U-shaped pipe with mudhole, the reservoir bottom is provided with priming hole and generating drainage tube, reservoir top is provided with spout hole and overflow pipe, overflow pipe connects the rainwater electrochemical reaction cell, rainwater electrochemical reaction cell bottom is provided with the water intaking hole, between generating drainage tube and water outlet, hydrogenerator is set, the terminal retaining pool that connects of water outlet, wind-driven generator, solar panel links to each other with power supply unit by power line respectively with hydrogenerator, be connected to two power lines on the power supply unit, wherein one links to each other with battery, battery links to each other with the rainwater electrochemical reaction cell by power line, on battery, be connected in addition power line, at the generating drainage tube, overflow pipe, the water intaking hole, be separately installed with hydraulic turbine drainage control valve on the priming hole, the overflow pipe control valve, water intaking hole control valve, the priming hole control valve.
Described U-shaped pipe, mudhole, priming hole, priming hole control valve, water intaking hole, water intaking hole control valve form sewage disposal facility, the rainwater that carries impurity enters before the reservoir, the U-shaped pipe of flowing through, so that the impurity major part is deposited on the bottom of U-shaped pipe, carry out periodical blowdown by mudhole, remaining a small amount of impurity precipitates in reservoir and rainwater electrochemical reaction cell, opens respectively the priming hole control valve and irregularly removes contamination with water intaking hole control valve.
The utlity model has the advantages such as environmental friendliness, simple in structure, investment is saved, easy to operate, economic and social benefit is remarkable; having research promotion under the background of energy-saving and emission-reduction and water resources crisis is worth; it can alleviate the water electrical problem of the outstanding water problems in city and remote districts effectively; and environmental contamination reduction; promote the cleaning development of resources; low-carbon emission promotes Rainwater Resources, has the benefit of preventing and reducing natural disasters concurrently.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the green composition schematic diagrames that replenish the water and electricity supply system of building.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the green water and electricity supply system that replenishes of building comprises building roofing 1, Storm Sewer Network 2, reservoir 3, overflow pipe 4, rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5, generating drainage tube 6, hydrogenerator 7, wind-driven generator 8, solar panel 9, power line 10, power supply unit 11, battery 12, water outlet 13, spout hole 14, U-shaped pipe 15, mudhole 16, water intaking hole 17, the retaining pool 18, priming hole 19, hydraulic turbine drainage control valve 20, overflow pipe control valve 21, water intaking hole control valve 22, priming hole control valve 23, wind-driven generator 8 and solar panel 9 are installed on the building roofing 1, Storm Sewer Network 2 connects reservoir 3 by the U-shaped pipe 15 with mudhole 16, reservoir 3 bottoms are provided with priming hole 19 and generating drainage tube 6, reservoir 3 tops are provided with spout hole 14 and overflow pipe 4, overflow pipe 4 connects rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5, rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5 bottoms are provided with water intaking hole 17, between generating drainage tube 6 and water outlet 13, hydrogenerator 7 is set, the water outlet 13 terminal retaining pools 18 that connect, wind-driven generator 8, solar panel 9 links to each other with power supply unit 11 by power line 10 respectively with hydrogenerator 7, be connected to two power lines 10 on the power supply unit 11, wherein one links to each other with battery 12, battery 12 links to each other with rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5 by power line 10, on battery 12, be connected in addition power line 10, at generating drainage tube 6, overflow pipe 4, water intaking hole 17, be separately installed with hydraulic turbine drainage control valve 20 on the priming hole 19, overflow pipe control valve 21, water intaking hole control valve 22, priming hole control valve 23.
Described U-shaped pipe 15, mudhole 16, priming hole 19, priming hole control valve 23, water intaking hole 17, water intaking hole control valve 22 form sewage disposal facility, the rainwater that carries impurity enters before the reservoir 3, the U-shaped pipe 15 of flowing through, so that the impurity major part is deposited on the bottom of U-shaped pipe 15, carry out periodical blowdown by mudhole 16, remaining a small amount of impurity precipitates in reservoir 3 and rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5, opens respectively priming hole control valve 23 and irregularly removes contamination with water intaking hole control valve 22.
The green water and electricity supply method of replenishing of building is: utilize building roofing 1 to collect rainwater during rainfall, rainwater imports in the reservoir 3 through U-shaped pipe 15 by Storm Sewer Network 2, open overflow pipe control valve 21, rainwater flows into rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5 through overflow pipe 4, after holding completely, rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5 closes overflow pipe control valve 21, after rainwater reaches working water level in the reservoir 3, the turbine drainage control valve 20 of fetching boiling water, rainwater promotes hydrogenerator 7 generatings through generating drainage tube 6, the tail water that forms enters in the retaining pool 18 by water outlet 13, when reaching, rainwater in the reservoir 3 do not close hydraulic turbine drainage control valve 20 when working water level or hydrogenerator 7 shut down, unnecessary rainwater overflowed by spout hole 14 after reservoir 3 held completely, wind-driven generator 8, solar panel 9 and hydrogenerator 7 carry out complemental power-generation according to power generation conditions, the electricity that sends is through power supply unit 11, a part is directly supplied with the user and is used, a part is stored in the battery 12, battery 12 provides electric power for the Rainwater Quality in the rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5 purifies, unnecessary electric energy offers the user and uses, the retaining pool 18 and reservoir 3 are as the common water make-up water source of life, rainwater in the rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5 that electrochemical method is processed is used for replenishing Drinking Water, open priming hole control valve 23 on the priming hole 19 and can take rainwater in the reservoir 3, open the rainwater that the water intaking hole control valve 22 on the water intaking hole 17 can be taken in the rainwater electrochemical reaction cell 5.
The utility model selects rainfall than the area of horn of plenty, at first transform the building storm sewer, wind-driven generator is installed, lay solar panel, build support setting reservoir and rainwater electrochemical reaction cell, connect reservoir and Storm Sewer Network, and with overflow pipe, the generating aqueduct links to each other with reservoir, connect overflow pipe and rainwater electrochemical reaction cell, hydrogenerator is installed, install transmission line of electricity, battery, power supply unit, hydraulic turbine drainage control valve is installed, the overflow pipe control valve, water intaking hole control valve, the priming hole control valve, when rainfall comes interim, utilize reservoir to collect rainwater, and the storage of rainwater electrochemical reaction cell is full, when the reservoir water level reaches certain value, just the turbine drainage control valve of can fetching boiling water promotes hydrogenerator and generates electricity, look meteorological condition during not rainfall and carry out solar energy and wind energy complementary generating, generate electricity and can be stored in the battery by power supply unit, unnecessary electric energy offers the user and uses, and electric energy in the battery is used for the Rainwater Quality electrochemical purification processes, and the rainwater separating of collecting is supplied with the user use, thereby replenish the daily water and electricity supply of building, realize the comprehensive utilization of green energy resource and rainwater resource.In order to improve the rainwater-collecting amount, adjacent building roofing can be connected by pipeline is aggregated into reservoir again.
Take the high 40 meters building of 20000 square metres of catchment areas, roof as example, a rainfall for 10 millimeters/hour of average rainfall intensities, 5 hours rainfall durations, its generated energy is 90 degree approximately, approximately 1000 tons of collecting water from runoff, the water supply volume that is equivalent to one month minimum power consumption of an average family and 2 years, annual by 10, approximately 30,000 yuan of direct economy incomes, add that solar electrical energy generation and wind-power electricity generation are worth and the indirect economy social benefit, its comprehensive benefit is considerable.
The utility model both had been applicable to the residential quarter, also was applicable to independent building; Both be applicable to the mountain area, be applicable to again the plains region; Both be applicable to the rural area, be applicable to again the city; Be specially adapted to remote Island, can form independently " green water and electricity supply system ".The utility model can reduce runoff pollution, reduces rainwater ground and corrodes, and can improve again urban flood defence mitigation ability, improves local water resources carrying capacity, and remedies the deficiency of Regional Energy, has cut down CO 2Discharging, disperse the water and electricity supply risk.

Claims (2)

1. a building green is replenished the water and electricity supply system, it is characterized in that comprising building roofing (1), Storm Sewer Network (2), reservoir (3), overflow pipe (4), rainwater electrochemical reaction cell (5), generating drainage tube (6), hydrogenerator (7), wind-driven generator (8), solar panel (9), power line (10), power supply unit (11), battery (12), water outlet (13), spout hole (14), U-shaped pipe (15), mudhole (16), water intaking hole (17), the retaining pool (18), priming hole (19), hydraulic turbine drainage control valve (20), overflow pipe control valve (21), water intaking hole control valve (22), priming hole control valve (23), wind-driven generator (8) and solar panel (9) are installed on the building roofing (1), Storm Sewer Network (2) connects reservoir (3) by the U-shaped pipe (15) with mudhole (16), reservoir (3) bottom is provided with priming hole (19) and generating drainage tube (6), reservoir (3) top is provided with spout hole (14) and overflow pipe (4), overflow pipe (4) connects rainwater electrochemical reaction cell (5), rainwater electrochemical reaction cell (5) bottom is provided with water intaking hole (17), between generating drainage tube (6) and water outlet (13), hydrogenerator (7) is set, the terminal retaining pool (18) that connects of water outlet (13), wind-driven generator (8), solar panel (9) links to each other with power supply unit (11) by power line (10) respectively with hydrogenerator (7), be connected to two power lines (10) on the power supply unit (11), wherein one links to each other with battery (12), battery (12) links to each other with rainwater electrochemical reaction cell (5) by power line (10), on battery (12), be connected in addition power line (10), at generating drainage tube (6), overflow pipe (4), water intaking hole (17), be separately installed with hydraulic turbine drainage control valve (20) on the priming hole (19), overflow pipe control valve (21), water intaking hole control valve (22), priming hole control valve (23).
2. a kind of building green according to claim 1 is replenished the water and electricity supply system, it is characterized in that described U-shaped pipe (15), mudhole (16), priming hole (19), priming hole control valve (23), water intaking hole (17), water intaking hole control valve (22) forms sewage disposal facility, the rainwater that carries impurity enters reservoir (3) before, the U-shaped pipe (15) of flowing through, so that the impurity major part is deposited on the bottom of U-shaped pipe (15), carry out periodical blowdown by mudhole (16), remaining a small amount of impurity precipitates in reservoir (3) and rainwater electrochemical reaction cell (5), open respectively priming hole control valve (23) and the water intaking hole control valve (22) irregularly remove contamination.
CN2012203313983U 2012-07-10 2012-07-10 Green supplementary water and power supply system for building Expired - Fee Related CN202689160U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102733474A (en) * 2012-07-10 2012-10-17 浙江大学 Environmentally-friendly method for additionally supplying water and power for building and system
CN103147482A (en) * 2013-03-28 2013-06-12 四川大学 Device using rainwater on roof of high-rise building to fill ground water
CN104471156A (en) * 2013-05-08 2015-03-25 博美科泰株式会社 Electric power generation apparatus for water tank and underflow structure system for water tank
CN104929848A (en) * 2014-03-17 2015-09-23 Ls产电株式会社 System for controlling water turbine generator for waterworks
CN108457333A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-08-28 南通市中南建工设备安装有限公司 Ecology intelligent building green water and electricity supply system
CN109113161A (en) * 2018-09-19 2019-01-01 高锡华 A kind of town road drainage system
CN109541968A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-03-29 南京长三角绿色发展研究院有限公司 Energy saving green low-carbon intelligent environment protection household engineering

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102733474A (en) * 2012-07-10 2012-10-17 浙江大学 Environmentally-friendly method for additionally supplying water and power for building and system
CN102733474B (en) * 2012-07-10 2014-01-29 浙江大学 Environmentally-friendly method for additionally supplying water and power for building and system
CN103147482A (en) * 2013-03-28 2013-06-12 四川大学 Device using rainwater on roof of high-rise building to fill ground water
CN103147482B (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-08 四川大学 Device using rainwater on roof of high-rise building to fill ground water
CN104471156B (en) * 2013-05-08 2016-06-08 博美科泰株式会社 Aqua storage tank power generation plants and aqua storage tank memory structure system are united
CN104471156A (en) * 2013-05-08 2015-03-25 博美科泰株式会社 Electric power generation apparatus for water tank and underflow structure system for water tank
CN104929848A (en) * 2014-03-17 2015-09-23 Ls产电株式会社 System for controlling water turbine generator for waterworks
CN104929848B (en) * 2014-03-17 2017-05-17 Ls产电株式会社 System for controlling water turbine generator for waterworks
US9869292B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2018-01-16 Lsis Co., Ltd. System for controlling water turbine generator for waterworks
CN108457333A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-08-28 南通市中南建工设备安装有限公司 Ecology intelligent building green water and electricity supply system
CN109113161A (en) * 2018-09-19 2019-01-01 高锡华 A kind of town road drainage system
CN109113161B (en) * 2018-09-19 2021-02-12 高锡华 Drainage system for town road
CN109541968A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-03-29 南京长三角绿色发展研究院有限公司 Energy saving green low-carbon intelligent environment protection household engineering

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