The ultra-thin solar thermal utilization concentrator of solar energy linear pattern
Technical field
This
Utility modelRelate to technical field of solar utilization technique, particularly relate to a kind of Optical devices that sunshine carried out the optically focused heat utilization.
Background technology
Solar energy is a kind of regenerative resource of cleanliness without any pollution, and is inexhaustible; Fully development and use solar energy not only can be practiced thrift exhausted day by day conventional energy resource; Alleviate severe shortage of resources problem, but also can reduce pollution, the human ecological environment of depending on for existence of protection.
In numerous solar utilization techniques, the most common have solar energy power generating, solar energy thermal-power-generating, a solar water heater etc.At present, in solar energy power generating, most what adopt is the photovoltaic power generation technology of silicon cell, and silicon cell only will to arrive about 15% power conversion of the solar energy on ground be electric energy, the utilization ratio of solar energy is overall still lower.
In the solar light-heat power-generation technology, mainly be earlier sunshine to be carried out optically focused, behind the high temperature, utilize its heat to generate electricity again in reaching.Comprise solar photovoltaic technology, present optically focused technology mainly contains two types of reflection concentration type and transmission-type optically focused.That reflection concentration type mainly contains is tower, dish formula, slot type and four kinds of forms of linear Fresnel.Transmission-type optically focused mainly adopts common arc surface lens and two kinds of forms of Fresnel Lenses.Therefore and solar energy is the lower resource of a kind of energy density, and no matter require is reflection concentration type or transmission-type optically focused, all require with daylighting area be provided with bigger.And common arc surface lens be will do greatlyyer the time, and its technology cost will rise by straight line, and especially weight is too big, generally only use at special occasions such as astronomical telescopes.
When the area of Fresnel Lenses is done greatlyyer, also there are processing technology difficulty, the too high problem of cost.Fresnel Lenses also has bigger optical loss; Comprise reflection loss, absorption loss water, manufacturability loss and structure loss; Wherein the manufacturability loss is the optical loss of the perfect lens profile being made amendment and causing the part divergence of beam to cause owing to the lens moulding, such as demoulding tapering, fillet etc.Structure loss is because the optical loss that the continuous sphere that Fresnel Lenses adopts the surface of discontinuity of prism unit composition to replace general lens causes the part divergence of beam to cause.For example, for plane Fresnel Lenses outwardly, because stupefied high meeting shield portions refracted ray makes and disperses since the second stupefied part transmitted light that just occurs.For plane Fresnel Lenses inwardly, when the focal length of lens during less than certain critical value, incidence angle can not arrive in the focal spot scope of setting transmitted light and loses greater than its angle of total reflection on the outgoing interface.Simultaneously, the burnt footpath of Fresnel Lenses has than large space between lens and focal point than being controlled at usually between 0.8-1.4, thereby has strengthened the size of support or framework, thereby cost is raise.
Tank-type thermal power generation is to realize business-like solar heat power generation system the earliest.It adopts large-area groove type paraboloid speculum that solar light focusing is reflexed on the heat collecting vacuum pipe.Through heat carrier in managing water is heated into steam, in hot conversion equipment, produces high pressure, superheated steam simultaneously, send into then in the conventional steam turbine generator and generate electricity.But when adopting the slot type generating that solar energy is carried out optically focused, heat collecting vacuum pipe can form on parabolic reflector and block shade, makes that some can not receive the optically focused radiation on the heat collecting vacuum pipe.The heat collecting vacuum pipe back of the body also can radiate part energy towards the one side of parabolic concentrator.Because the heat collecting vacuum pipe pipeline is very long, makes energy loss bigger, and the running temperature of inner conduction oil heat-transfer working medium can only be reached about 400 ° of C, can only rest on middle thermophase, thereby limited the efficient that solar groove type heat is generated electricity.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming and defect that concentrators such as above-mentioned arc surface lens, Fresnel Lenses and groove type paraboloid speculum exist; The utility model provides a kind of solar energy linear pattern ultra-thin solar thermal utilization concentrator; Can accept the optically focused radiation comprehensively and not exist to block and shade; Do not reflect manufacturability loss and the structure loss that stupefied fillet produces as Fresnel Lenses, the distance that optically focused radiation acceptance place and sunshine incident are accepted between the face is littler, and difficulty of processing reduces; The optically focused radiant power is high, helps forming higher optically focused temperature.
The utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopted: this device is made up of stripe shape convergent lens plate, stripe shape divergent lens plate, reflecting plate, thermal-collecting tube, framework.Stripe shape convergent lens plate, stripe shape divergent lens plate and reflecting plate are installed through frame fixation.Stripe shape divergent lens plate is between stripe shape convergent lens plate and reflecting plate; The cross section of thermal-collecting tube is a rectangle, is installed between reflecting plate and the stripe shape divergent lens plate, and is parallel and pass the plane of symmetry;
Stripe shape convergent lens plate and stripe shape divergent lens plate adopt light transmissive material to make, like transparent glass, light-passing plastic etc.; Stripe shape convergent lens plate is the plane towards a side of solar incident ray, with convenient for cleaning, prevents to accumulate dust; Outgoing one side is provided with 2n stripe shape convergent lens, and wherein n is an integer, n >=1; 2n and the corresponding stripe shape divergent lens of stripe shape convergent lens are set on the stripe shape divergent lens plate; Reflecting plate is nested to be provided with 2n stripe shape reflecting surface, and corresponding with stripe shape convergent lens and stripe shape divergent lens; Angle between all the stripe shape reflectings surface and the plane of symmetry is 45 ° of ∠; Stripe shape convergent lens, stripe shape divergent lens, stripe shape reflecting surface and thermal-collecting tube are through plane of symmetry coplane symmetry; The plane of symmetry is perpendicular to the top surface plane of stripe shape convergent lens plate, and is parallel to the bearing of trend of stripe shape convergent lens.
Each stripe shape convergent lens forms one group through the light path center line and focuses on and reflective relation with corresponding stripe shape divergent lens, stripe shape reflecting surface; Solar incident ray is parallel to the plane of symmetry and perpendicular to the top surface plane of stripe shape convergent lens plate; Solar incident ray is through the optically focused of stripe shape convergent lens with the stripe shape divergent lens of correspondence; Form the optically focused parallel rays; Pass through the reflection of stripe shape reflecting surface again; Form the reflection ray vertical with the plane of symmetry, and the both side surface of whole directive plane of symmetry places thermal-collecting tube, thereby realize arriving the surperficial whole solar incident ray of stripe shape convergent lens plate converge to thermal-collecting tube through focusing and reflection both side surface.
Width is the real focal line of the stripe shape convergent lens of d, overlaps with the empty focal line of stripe shape divergent lens on the stripe shape divergent lens plate; Can know that according to optics general knowledge solar incident ray is passed through the focusing of stripe shape convergent lens, pass through dispersing of stripe shape divergent lens again, forming the width that is parallel to the plane of symmetry is the optically focused parallel rays of w, wherein, d>w>0; Stripe shape convergent lens and stripe shape divergent lens adopt level and smooth cambered surface to make, and can not produce manufacturability loss and structure loss when making Fresnel Lenses, have reduced the difficulty of making, and have improved the transmitance of sunshine; The directional light concentration structure size of stripe shape convergent lens and the combination of stripe shape divergent lens is littler.
The upper surface of 2n stripe shape convergent lens is in same plane, and non-overlapping copies parallel with the plane of symmetry also has identical focal length, and plane of symmetry both sides have n stripe shape convergent lens respectively.
Solar incident ray forms the optically focused parallel rays through one group of corresponding stripe shape convergent lens and stripe shape divergent lens, passes through the reflection of corresponding stripe shape reflecting surface again; Form reflection ray; Converge to the thermal-collecting tube both side surface, make the both sides of thermal-collecting tube can receive the optically focused radiation, the surface area of thermal-collecting tube is more little; Then the optically focused radiant power is high more, helps forming higher optically focused temperature more.
Can know by geometry and optical knowledge; When the width of 2n stripe shape convergent lens is identical; The area of each stripe shape convergent lens is identical; Then the corresponding optically focused radiation correspondence that forms of each stripe shape convergent lens is in the length range of thermal-collecting tube side w, and has identical optically focused radiation intensity, and the optically focused radiation intensity of just being accepted in the thermal-collecting tube side is uniform.
The beneficial effect of the utility model is: can accept the optically focused radiation comprehensively; Thermal-collecting tube is arranged on the rear of concentrator, can not produce and block shade, and the distance that optically focused radiation acceptance place and sunshine incident are accepted between the face is littler; Difficulty of processing reduces; The optically focused radiant power is high, helps forming higher optically focused temperature, and the optically focused radiation intensity of being accepted in the thermal-collecting tube side is uniform.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of the tank-type thermal power generation of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the optically focused generalized section of the tank-type thermal power generation of prior art;
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the cross-section structure and the part light path sketch map perpendicular to thermal-collecting tube of the utility model;
Fig. 5 is the optically focused principle and the structural representation of the utility model;
Fig. 6 is the section light path and the physical dimension sketch map perpendicular to thermal-collecting tube of the utility model.
Label declaration is following among the figure:
1-slot type parabolic reflector, 2-heat collecting vacuum pipe, 3-solar incident ray, 4-reflecting surface blocked area, 5-thermal-collecting tube blocked area, 6-thermal-collecting tube caloradiance, 7-optically focused parallel rays, 8-reflection ray, 11-bar shaped convergent lens plate, 12-bar shaped convergent lens, 13-bar shaped divergent lens plate, 14-bar shaped divergent lens, 15-reflecting plate, 16-bar shaped reflecting surface, 17-thermal-collecting tube, 18-framework, the 19-plane of symmetry, 20-light path center line.
The specific embodiment
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, in the prior art, the slot type parabolic reflector 1 of tank-type thermal power generation with solar incident ray 3 focus reflections to heat collecting vacuum pipe 2.Heat collecting vacuum pipe 2 can form reflecting surface blocked area 4 on slot type parabolic reflector 1, make to form thermal-collecting tube blocked area 5 on the heat collecting vacuum pipe 2, thereby make the part of heat collecting vacuum pipe 2 can not receive the optically focused radiation.Heat collecting vacuum pipe 2 back ofs the body, radiate part energy through thermal-collecting tube caloradiance 6 towards the one side of parabolic concentrator.
Like Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, the utility model provides a kind of solar energy linear pattern ultra-thin solar thermal utilization concentrator, is made up of stripe shape convergent lens plate 11, stripe shape divergent lens plate 13, reflecting plate 15, thermal-collecting tube 17, framework 18.Stripe shape convergent lens plate 11, stripe shape divergent lens plate 13 and reflecting plate 15 are through framework 18 fixed installations.Stripe shape divergent lens plate 13 is between stripe shape convergent lens plate 11 and reflecting plate 15; The cross section of thermal-collecting tube 17 is a rectangle, is installed between reflecting plate 15 and the stripe shape divergent lens plate 13, and is parallel and pass the plane of symmetry 19; Stripe shape convergent lens plate 11 adopts light transmissive material to make with stripe shape divergent lens plate 13, like transparent glass, light-passing plastic etc.; Stripe shape convergent lens plate 11 is the plane towards a side of solar incident ray 3, with convenient for cleaning, prevents to accumulate dust; Outgoing one side is provided with 2n stripe shape convergent lens 12, and wherein n is an integer, n >=1; 2n and stripe shape convergent lens 12 corresponding stripe shape divergent lenses 14 are set on the stripe shape divergent lens plate 13; Reflecting plate 15 is nested to be provided with 2n stripe shape reflecting surface 16, and corresponding with stripe shape convergent lens 12 and stripe shape divergent lens 14; The angle that all the stripe shape reflectings surface 16 and the plane of symmetry are 19 is 45 ° of ∠; Stripe shape convergent lens 12, stripe shape divergent lens 14, stripe shape reflecting surface 16 and thermal-collecting tube 17 are through the plane of symmetry 19 coplanes symmetry; The plane of symmetry 19 is perpendicular to the top surface plane of stripe shape convergent lens plate 11, and is parallel to the bearing of trend of stripe shape convergent lens 12.
As shown in Figure 4, each stripe shape convergent lens 12 forms one group through light path center line 20 and focuses on and reflective relation with corresponding stripe shape divergent lens 14, stripe shape reflecting surface 16; Solar incident ray 3 is parallel to the plane of symmetry 19 and perpendicular to the top surface plane of stripe shape convergent lens plate 11; Solar incident ray 3 is through the optically focused of stripe shape convergent lens 12 with the stripe shape divergent lens 14 of correspondence; Form optically focused parallel rays 7; Pass through the reflection of stripe shape reflecting surface 16 again; Form the reflection ray 8 vertical, and whole both side surface of the directive plane of symmetry 19 place's thermal-collecting tubes 17, thereby the whole solar incident ray 3 that realize arriving stripe shape convergent lens plate 11 surfaces are through focusing with reflect the both side surface that converges to thermal-collecting tube 17 with the plane of symmetry 19.
As shown in Figure 5, width is the real focal line of the stripe shape convergent lens 12 of d, overlaps with the empty focal line of stripe shape divergent lens 14 on the stripe shape divergent lens plate 13; Can know that according to optics general knowledge solar incident ray 3 is passed through the focusing of stripe shape convergent lenses 12, pass through dispersing of stripe shape divergent lens 14 again, forming the width that is parallel to the plane of symmetry 19 is the optically focused parallel rays 7 of w, wherein, d>w>0; Stripe shape convergent lens 12 adopts level and smooth cambered surface to make with stripe shape divergent lens 14, can not produce manufacturability loss and structure loss when making Fresnel Lenses, has reduced the difficulty of making, and has improved the transmitance of sunshine; Stripe shape convergent lens 12 is littler with the directional light concentration structure size of stripe shape divergent lens 14 combinations; Be the outside dimension f between stripe shape convergent lens plate 11 and the stripe shape divergent lens plate 13; Less than the focal length of stripe shape convergent lens 12, therefore this structure can reduce to form the bulk of optically focused parallel rays 7.
As shown in Figure 6, the upper surface of 2n stripe shape convergent lens 12 is in same plane, and non-overlapping copies parallel with the plane of symmetry 19 also has identical focal length, and the plane of symmetry 19 both sides have n stripe shape convergent lens 12 respectively.
As shown in Figure 6, solar incident ray 3 forms optically focused parallel rays 7 through one group of corresponding stripe shape convergent lens 12 and stripe shape divergent lens 14; Pass through the reflection of corresponding stripe shape reflecting surface 16 again, form reflection ray 8, converge to thermal-collecting tube 17 surfaces; Make the both sides of thermal-collecting tube 17 can receive the optically focused radiation; The surface area of thermal-collecting tube 17 is more little, and then the optically focused radiant power is high more, helps forming higher optically focused temperature more.
As shown in Figure 6, a wherein side joint of thermal-collecting tube 17 receives the height L of optically focused radiation to be:
L=n * w, wherein, n >=1, w is the width of optically focused parallel rays 7 and reflection ray 8;
Width D perpendicular to 11 surfaces of the stripe shape convergent lens plate on the plane of symmetry 19 directions is:
D=2n * d, wherein: d>0, represent the width of any stripe shape convergent lens 12;
Can know that with optics general knowledge the utility model provides the minimum thickness h of the ultra-thin solar thermal utilization concentrator of a kind of solar energy linear pattern to be according to how much: h=f+ n * w, wherein, f is the outside dimension between stripe shape convergent lens plate 11 and the stripe shape divergent lens plate 13;
Work as d=50mm, f=50mm, w=5mm, during n=10, the burnt footpath of stripe shape convergent lens 12 is than being 1.1, the width D of stripe shape convergent lens plate 11 is: D=2n * d=2 * 10 * 50=1000mm;
Thickness h is: h=f+ n * w=50+10 * 5=100mm, and the distance that focusing acceptance place and sunshine incident are accepted between the face is very little;
Thickness h with the ratio R of width D is: R=h/D=100/1000=0.1; Much smaller than the common burnt footpath of common Fresnel Lenses than 0.8-1.4.
Shown in figure 12; Can know by geometry and optical knowledge; When the width of 2n stripe shape convergent lens 12 was identical, the area of each stripe shape convergent lens 12 was identical, and then the corresponding optically focused radiation correspondence that forms of each stripe shape convergent lens 12 is in the length range of thermal-collecting tube 17 side w; And have identical optically focused radiation intensity, the optically focused radiation intensity of just accepting in thermal-collecting tube 17 sides is uniform.