CN202449846U - Fractal tree-shaped spiral methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor - Google Patents
Fractal tree-shaped spiral methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN202449846U CN202449846U CN2011205458198U CN201120545819U CN202449846U CN 202449846 U CN202449846 U CN 202449846U CN 2011205458198 U CN2011205458198 U CN 2011205458198U CN 201120545819 U CN201120545819 U CN 201120545819U CN 202449846 U CN202449846 U CN 202449846U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a fractal tree-shaped spiral methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor, which comprises a reaction base plate, wherein the upper end of the reaction base plate is provided with an upper cover plate, and the lower end of the reaction base plate is provided with a lower cover plate. The fractal tree-shaped spiral methanol steam reforming hydrogen production reactor is characterized in that: an upper layer of fractal tree-shaped spiral passage is machined on the upper surface of the reaction base plate, and a lower layer of fractal tree-shaped spiral passage is machined on the lower surface of the reaction base plate; a catalyst is arranged in the upper layer of fractal tree-shaped spiral passage; a bundle flow passage layer and a heating passage are also arranged between the upper layer of fractal tree-shaped spiral passage and the lower layer of fractal tree-shaped spiral passage; a communicating passage which is arranged in an array for communicating the upper layer of fractal tree-shaped spiral passage and the lower layer of fractal tree-shaped spiral passage is arranged in the bundle flow passage layer; and the heating passage is arranged in the communicating passage. According to the reactor provided by the utility model, pump work required by the tree-shaped reactor under the same inlet section is far less than the pump work required by a normal reactor, so that the hydrogen production efficiency is greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of chemical reaction equipment that is used for hydrogen manufacturing, the steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum that to be specifically related to a kind of runner decoration form be fractal tree-shaped spirane structure.
Background technology
On-the-spot steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen is a kind of desirable hydrogen source of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in the small-sized electronic apparatus (PEMFC) power supply, and compact, in light weight, the high performance methanol steam reforming reactor of development structure has become one of the gordian technique of the needs solution of PEMFC.
As any mobile conveying equipment, the runner of reactor drum is arranged the serviceability that directly affects reactor drum, and appropriate runner is arranged the heat and mass that can effectively promote reaction process, improves reforming reaction efficient.Existing steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum runner is arranged the forms such as single straight passage, serpentine channel or parallel hyperchannel that still are confined to mostly, and these runners are arranged and had heat and mass efficient difference and then cause hydrogen production efficiency low.Therefore, the reaction flow passage structure is optimized, transports and reaction process, improve the samming level, realize higher chemical reaction efficiency with heat transmission, working medium in the enhanced reactor through certain approach.Fractal tree-shaped spirane structure network channel totally has been tree-shaped distribution and has combined the spiral form efficient balance configuration between strong and weak " hot-fluid ", can make the temperature distribution in the reactor drum balanced more, is easy to realize that the isothermal of reformation hydrogen production reaction process controls.These factors all help strengthening the steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reaction process, improve hydrogen production efficiency.For this reason, the flow passage network that the utility model becomes the tree-shaped spiral of configuration to combine steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum runner arranged is with the compact construction of realization reforming hydrogen-preparation reactor and the hydrogen production efficiency of Geng Gao.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that solves
The pump merit consumption that exists on the conventional fixed-bed reactor structure design is big in order to solve, " cold spot ", be heated inhomogeneous, react insufficient problem.The utility model has designed a kind of reactor drum with fractal tree-shaped spiral characteristic flow passage; This design has improved the hot validity of reactor drum greatly; And distribute because passage is tree-shaped spiral network, can make the temperature distribution of reaction surface balanced more, and " cold spot " problem that solved has realized the samming operation; Improve reaction efficiency, also reduced the consumption of pump merit simultaneously greatly.In addition moving passage of fractal tree-shaped structural flow and spirane structure flow passage are mutually combined, utilized the advantage that the moving channel temperature of fractal tree-shaped structural flow is evenly distributed and the spirane structure flow channel structure is compact fully.
Technical scheme
For solving the above-mentioned technical problem that exists on the hydrogen from methyl alcohol reactor design, the technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:
A kind of fractal tree-shaped spiral steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum; Comprise a reaction substrate; Upper end at the reaction substrate is a upper cover plate; Lower end at the reaction substrate is a lower cover, and it is characterized in that: the upper surface at described reaction substrate is processed with the fractal tree-shaped helical channel in upper strata, processes fractal tree-shaped helical channel at the lower surface of reaction substrate; In the fractal tree-shaped helical channel in described upper strata, be provided with catalyzer; Between the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of fractal tree-shaped helical channel in upper strata and lower floor, also be provided with tube bank runner layer and heat tunnel, in described tube bank runner layer, be provided with the communication passage that is arranged in arrays that is communicated with fractal tree-shaped helical channel in upper strata and the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of lower floor, described heat tunnel is arranged between the communication passage.
The fractal tree-shaped helical channel of fractal tree-shaped helical channel in said upper strata and lower floor combines by fractal tree-shaped passage and helical channel; Said fractal tree-shaped passage contains two-stage at least; Every grade of tree-shaped passage is connecting two tree-shaped passages of next stage, and the crossing angle α between the tree-shaped passage of the superior and the subordinate is 180 degree.
The diameter ratio of the tree-shaped passage of the superior and the subordinate of fractal tree-shaped passage is N
-1/ Δ, wherein the diametral dimension Δ is got greater than 7/3 and smaller or equal to 3 real number, the length ratio of the tree-shaped passage of the superior and the subordinate is N
-1/d, wherein length dimension d gets greater than 1 and smaller or equal to 2 real number.
Said heat tunnel is a bundle of parallel tubes.
In described heat tunnel, be provided with heating unit.
In described heat tunnel, feeding high temperature fluid heats reactor drum.
The utility model reactor drum is by heat-conducting substrate; Upper and lower cover plate and catalyzer constitute; On heat-conducting substrate, be provided with the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of upper and lower layer, and between the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of upper and lower layer, leaving parallel channels, to be used to place well heater be heat tunnel.In order to make the methanol steam fluid can freely circulate and be heated evenly; Utilize the high-accuracy mechanical complete processing at the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of the upper and lower surface working of Intermediate substrate; Lower floor's passage is except the outlet and the import of upper strata passage are in the opposite direction; Other is all identical, and the levels network channel connects through the communication passage of arranged in arrays.Fractal tree-shaped helical channel internal surface spraying CB-7 type catalyzer is as step of reaction on described upper strata, and lower floor's passage is as reactant preheating, vaporization, overheated stage.
Said steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reaction is that methanol steam is mixed into reactor drum by the certain molar ratio example, at certain temperature and Catalysts Cu O/ZnO/Al
2O
3Following reaction can take place in the surface:
[8]
(reforming reaction) (1-1)
Have small amount of methanol directly to decompose:
In addition under certain conditions, following transformationreation takes place in the carbon monoxide of water vapor and generation in the reactor drum:
Described fractal tree-shaped helical channel, channel network is sprawled with planar fashion and is come.The flow passage network of said fractal tree-shaped spirane structure contains 2 grades at least, and every grade of passage is connecting the next stage passage that bifurcated is counted N=2, and the crossing angle α between the upper and lower level runner is 180 degree, and highest passage finishes with spiral form.The 0th grade of runner of the flow passage network of described fractal tree-shaped spirane structure is for reflecting/entering the mouth, and the final stage helical flow path end of described flow passage network is connected by the described communication passage that is arranged in arrays.The diameter of branch of described the superior and the subordinate runner is than being N
-1/ Δ, wherein Δ is a diametral dimension.Existing research shows that for being Laminar Flow in the pipeline, Δ=3 o'clock resistance to flow is minimum, and minimum for turbulent flow Δ=7/3 o'clock resistance to flow, removes highest helical flow path, and the length ratio of branch of described the superior and the subordinate runner is N
-1/d(d length dimension is got greater than 1 and less than 2 real number).
The highest helical flow passage of described fractal tree-shaped helical channel is a purpose with the spacing of maximum use institute; The size and location of design helical channel, described helical flow path is terminal identical with the position that flow field end belongs to during as fractal tree-shaped passage highest with helical channel.
The CB-7 type catalyzer of described fractal tree-shaped helical channel internal spray; This catalyzer fully contacts with fluid methanol steam mixture in the passage; React generation hydrogen and carbonic acid gas, carbon monoxide etc. at a certain temperature; This reaction is thermo-negative reaction, and institute's heat requirement comes from the middle heat tunnel of reactor drum, and heat passes to methanol steam through the reactor drum wall.
Said heat tunnel is between the tree-shaped helical channel of upper and lower layer and avoids the parallel channels that the array connecting passage of upper and lower tree-shaped spiral network channel is arranged, is used to place heating unit.
The flow passage network of described fractal tree-shaped spirane structure produces increasing branch through bifurcated, along with the increase of progression; Caliber is more and more littler, and dwindling of runner yardstick can improve heat transfer coefficient greatly, thereby makes the temperature of high progression passage a little more than the temperature of harmonic series passage; And many in reaction inlet elementary reaction thing amount, concentration is high, the unit surface speed of reaction is very fast, all is thermo-negative reaction because react; Make the temperature in inlet stage descend bigger; But because the inlet stage is in high progression passage, its temperature is a little more than the harmonic series passage, thus the counteracting of part the temperature that produced of ingress reaction fall; Balance temperature of reaction, promptly solved " cold spot " problem.
Said " cold spot " is that the ingress is because the high reaction of reactant concn is violent and reaction makes the temperature of ingress be lower than the rear portion temperature of reaction for thermo-negative reaction.
Beneficial effect
Because it is terminal that the conversion zone inlet is distributed in the helical channel of tree-shaped spiral network channel; Thereby make the ingress reaction more even; And the reactor wall surface temperature of conversion zone ingress is slightly larger than the reactor wall surface temperature in conversion zone exit, thereby has reduced " cold spot " problem.Reactor monolith is heated and is evenly made each stage of reacting that the temperature of reaction of homogeneous is all arranged, and helps reaction and carries out to producing the high-purity hydrogen direction.Can know in the required pump merit of the long-pending tree-shaped type reactor drum down of identical entrance section much smaller than the required pump merit of general reactor drum by existing research, thereby improve hydrogen production efficiency greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is fractal tree-shaped structure of reactor synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a center-aisle upper surface of base plate synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a center-aisle base lower surface synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is fractal tree-shaped helical channel synoptic diagram.
The fractal tree-shaped spiral net network partial view of Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 heat tunnel layout.
Embodiment
The structure design of reactor drum
As shown in Figure 1, the one-piece construction of reactor drum is processed by three stainless steel plates in upper, middle and lower.The upper strata stainless steel plate is a upper cover plate 2, and lower floor's stainless steel plate is a lower cover 3.For the reaction stream physical efficiency is freely circulated and radiating effect even; Utilize the high-accuracy mechanical complete processing respectively to process the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of one deck on the upper and lower surface of middle stainless steel plate 1, at middle stainless steel plate intermediate arrangement parallel channels as heat tunnel 4.Like Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, the fractal tree-shaped helical channel 5 in upper strata is arranged on the top of center-aisle substrate.The fractal tree-shaped helical channel 6 of the lower disposed lower floor of middle layer channel substrate.The fractal tree-shaped helical channel 6 of lower floor is except the outlet and the import of the fractal tree-shaped helical channel 5 in upper strata are in the opposite direction; Other is all identical; The tree network superlative degree finishes with spiral form 7; Highest end in the fractal tree-shaped helical channel 5 in upper strata is that the spiral end all has the spiral end of the fractal tree-shaped helical channel 6 of through hole 8 and lower floor to be connected, and is as shown in Figure 4.
Fractal tree-shaped helical channel structure design is with reference to the fractal structure designed channel reactor drum of human respiratory, and fractal bifurcated network is generated by following method:
1. as shown in Figure 5, each section passage all has two branches, i.e. number of branches N=2 at next level.End finishes with spiral form.This is designed to the fractal tree-shaped helical channel reactor drum of orthogonal, therefore gets bifurcation angle Φ=π.
2.k+1 the ratio of the length of level section and k level section does
In the formula, γ is that passage length is passed the coefficient that contracts, and can be got by formula (1)
L
k=L
0γ
k=L
0N
-k/D (2)
In the formula, L
0Be initial channel length.
3. the hydraulic diameter of tree-like branch before bifurcated and behind the bifurcated is respectively by d
kAnd d
K+1Expression, d
K+1With d
kRatio beta do
By recurrence relation, d
kCan be expressed as
d
k=d
0N
-k/Δ=d
0β
k (4)
In the formula, d
0It is the initial channel hydraulic diameter.
4. the cross section of tree-shaped passages at different levels and spiral all is designed to rectangle, and tree-like width of channel is by w
kExpression for easy to process, makes channel height h
0～h
kRemain unchanged, be h
0According to the definition of hydraulic diameter, k level hydraulic diameter is (the hydraulic diameter design of helical channel hydraulic diameter by as the highest bifurcated of tree-shaped passage the time)
K level passage width w then
kFor
When generating bifurcated network, determine the geometric parameter of channel sizes at different levels to be: length fractal dimension D, hydraulic diameter fractal dimension Δ, bifurcated is counted N, bifurcation angle Φ, the length L of initial channel
0, the hydraulic diameter d of initial channel
0, the height h of initial channel
0, progression m.Preceding text have provided the N=2 of the fractal tree-shaped channel heat exchanger that is applicable to the heat radiation of rectangle electronic chip, Φ=π; Research shows, when the hot validity of D=2 the highest, so get 2 as the length fractal dimension; Index Δ=3 of Mammals lung segmental bronchus bifurcated tree construction are seeing that air flowing and heat transfer process in the lung are quite effective, so select Δ=3 as the hydraulic diameter fractal dimension; The fractal tree-shaped helical channel network that designs in the utility model is got progression m=6; And through choosing rational L
0And d
0, when making D=2, unlikely generation channel overlapping phenomenon.Finish with spiral form at the tree network channel end, to make full use of the tree network remaining space.
Principle of work
Fill heating unit in the middle heat tunnel of fractal tree-shaped helical channel reactor drum; Heating unit through thermal conduction with the heat transferred reactor drum; Absorb heat when methanol steam is flowed through the bottom of reactor drum and reach superheat state, when flowing through reactor drum top with catalyzer contact reacts generation hydrogen.Owing to the tree network characteristics of passage in the reactor drum, can realize the homogeneity of steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen temperature of reaction, improved the hydrogen production efficiency of reaction.And because heating unit is in the heat that can better utilize heating unit to produce in the middle of the reactor drum.
Claims (6)
1. fractal tree-shaped spiral steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum; Comprise a reaction substrate; Upper end at the reaction substrate is a upper cover plate; Lower end at the reaction substrate is a lower cover, and it is characterized in that: the upper surface at described reaction substrate is processed with the fractal tree-shaped helical channel in upper strata, processes fractal tree-shaped helical channel at the lower surface of reaction substrate; In the fractal tree-shaped helical channel in described upper strata, be provided with catalyzer; Between the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of fractal tree-shaped helical channel in upper strata and lower floor, also be provided with tube bank runner layer and heat tunnel, in described tube bank runner layer, be provided with the communication passage that is arranged in arrays that is communicated with fractal tree-shaped helical channel in upper strata and the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of lower floor, described heat tunnel is arranged between the communication passage.
2. fractal tree-shaped spiral steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the fractal tree-shaped helical channel of fractal tree-shaped helical channel in said upper strata and lower floor combines by fractal tree-shaped passage and helical channel; Said fractal tree-shaped passage contains two-stage at least; Every grade of tree-shaped passage is connecting two tree-shaped passages of next stage, and the crossing angle a between the tree-shaped passage of the superior and the subordinate is 180 degree.
3. fractal tree-shaped spiral steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the diameter ratio of the tree-shaped passage of the superior and the subordinate of fractal tree-shaped passage is N
-1/D, wherein diametral dimension D gets greater than 7/3 and smaller or equal to 3 real number, the length ratio of the tree-shaped passage of the superior and the subordinate is N
-1/d, wherein length dimension d gets greater than 1 and smaller or equal to 2 real number.
4. fractal tree-shaped spiral steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said heat tunnel is a bundle of parallel tubes.
5. fractal tree-shaped spiral steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in described heat tunnel, be provided with heating unit.
6. fractal tree-shaped spiral steam reformation of methanol to produce hydrogen reactor drum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in described heat tunnel, feed high temperature fluid reactor drum is heated.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102515097A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-06-27 | 东南大学 | Fractal tree-like spiral methanol-steam reforming hydrogen production reactor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102515097A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-06-27 | 东南大学 | Fractal tree-like spiral methanol-steam reforming hydrogen production reactor |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20120926 Termination date: 20131223 |