CN202421100U - Experimental device for measuring linear expansion coefficients of metals by using Lloyd mirror - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an experimental device for measuring the linear expansion coefficients of metals by using a Lloyd mirror and relates to an experimental device for linear expansion coefficients of metals so as to solve the problem that in the existing method for measuring linear expansion coefficients of metals, the occupied site is large, the telescope regulation is time-consuming, the measuring accuracy is not high, and because the measurement is necessarily completed by two persons, the error of results is large. An eyepiece micrometer, the Lloyd mirror, an adjustable slit instrument, a convex lens and a sodium lamp are sequentially arranged from left to right, the eyepiece micrometer is arranged on a first lift adjusting seat, the Lloyd mirror is horizontally arranged on the upper end face of a measured metal tube, the measured metal tube is arranged in the inner cavity of a heating tube, one end of a thermometer is arranged in the inner cavity of the measured tube, the other end of the thermometer is exposed to the outside of the upper end face of the measured metal tube, a lens of the eyepiece micrometer is dead against the Lloyd mirror, the distance between the upper end face of the Lloyd mirror and the centerline of a gap on the adjustable slit instrument is 0.6 mm, the gap is dead against the convex lens, and the convex lens is dead against the light beam of the sodium lamp. The experimental device disclosed by the utility model is used for measuring the linear expansion coefficients of copper tubes, iron tubes or aluminum tubes.

Description

Utilize Lloyd mirror metal linear expansion coefficient measurement experimental provision

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of linear expansion coefficient experimental provision.

Background technology

The linear expansion coefficient of metal material is the basic parameter that machinery, bridge, electric power, building etc. must be grasped in processes such as engineering design, manufacturing, assembling, also is that power, heat more important in the Lab of General Physics of university is tested one of exercise question.Utilize this experimental provision mainly to measure the linear expansion coefficient of different metal, for example copper pipe, iron pipe, aluminum pipe etc.

At present; In the Lab of General Physics of university; The method that the experiment of metal linear expansion coefficient measurement is generally adopted is the optical lever method, and the ultimate principle of this method is to utilize heating wire to heat metal tube to be measured, adopts thermometer measure initial state and final state temperature; Measure metal tube by the caused length variations of the state temperature difference at the whole story with telescope and optical lever, thereby obtain the linear expansion coefficient of metal tube.This method exists that occupied ground is big, telescope adjustment is time-consuming, measuring accuracy is not high, needs two people to accomplish, and causes resultant error bigger.

The utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is that occupied ground is big, telescope adjustment is time-consuming, measuring accuracy is not high for the measuring method that solves existing linear expansion coefficient exists; Measuring needs two people to accomplish; Cause the bigger problem of resultant error, a kind of Lloyd mirror metal linear expansion coefficient measurement experimental provision that utilizes is provided.

Utilize Lloyd mirror metal linear expansion coefficient measurement experimental provision, its composition comprises that micrometer eyepiece, Lloyd mirror, adjustable slit appearance, convex lens, sodium vapor lamp, first go up and down to regulate seat, linear expansion coefficient tester, second goes up and down to regulate seat, D translation base and thermometer, and the linear expansion coefficient tester is made up of base, urceolus, heating tube and pad; Said urceolus is vertically set on the upper surface of base, and the center of urceolus upper surface is provided with spacer groove, and the diameter of spacer groove is greater than the external diameter of heating tube; Heating tube is arranged in the inner chamber of urceolus; Pad is arranged in the spacer groove, and said micrometer eyepiece, Lloyd mirror, adjustable slit appearance, convex lens and sodium vapor lamp set gradually from left to right, and micrometer eyepiece is installed in first and goes up and down to regulate on the seat; Lloyd mirror is horizontally set on tested metal tube upper surface; Tested metal tube places the inner chamber of heating tube, and an end of thermometer is arranged in the inner chamber of tested metal tube, and the other end of thermometer is exposed at outside the upper surface of tested metal tube; The adjustable slit appearance is installed in second and goes up and down to regulate on the seat; Convex lens are installed on the D translation base, and the camera lens of micrometer eyepiece and Lloyd mirror over against, the distance between the slit center line on the upper surface of Lloyd mirror and the adjustable slit appearance is 0.6mm; Slit and convex lens over against, the light beam of convex lens and sodium vapor lamp over against.

Compared with present technology the utility model has following beneficial effect:

The utility model utilizes the Lloyd mirror metal linear expansion coefficient measurement through Young double slit principle, measures that phenomenon is directly perceived, principle is simple, understandable, and operating process is simplified, saved time, and it is little to measure shared place, only measures and need a people can accomplish; Measuring accuracy can reach nanometer scale, makes measuring accuracy improve greatly, thereby the uncertainty of measurement result is diminished.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction front view of the utility model, and Fig. 2 is the structure cut-open view of linear expansion coefficient tester 7, and Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is that the B of Fig. 1 is to view.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

Utilize Lloyd mirror metal linear expansion coefficient measurement experimental provision, see Fig. 1～Fig. 4, its composition comprises that micrometer eyepiece 1, Lloyd mirror 2, adjustable slit appearance 3, convex lens 4, sodium vapor lamp 5, first go up and down to regulate seat 6, linear expansion coefficient tester 7, second goes up and down to regulate seat 8, D translation base 9 and thermometer 10; Linear expansion coefficient tester 7 is made up of base 7-1, urceolus 7-2, heating tube 7-3 and pad 7-4; Urceolus 7-2 is vertically set on the upper surface of base 7-1, and the center of urceolus 7-2 upper surface is provided with spacer groove 7-2-1, and the diameter of spacer groove 7-2-1 is greater than the external diameter of heating tube 7-3; Heating tube 7-3 is arranged in the inner chamber of urceolus 7-2; Pad 7-4 is arranged among the spacer groove 7-2-1, and micrometer eyepiece 1, Lloyd mirror 2, adjustable slit appearance 3, convex lens 4 and sodium vapor lamp 5 set gradually from left to right, and micrometer eyepiece 1 is installed in first and goes up and down to regulate on the seat 6; Lloyd mirror 2 is horizontally set on tested metal tube 11 upper surfaces; Tested metal tube 11 places the inner chamber of heating tube 7-3, and an end of thermometer 10 is arranged in the inner chamber of tested metal tube 11, and the other end of thermometer 10 is exposed at outside the upper surface of tested metal tube 11; Be convenient to read temperature; Lloyd mirror 2 is arranged on the front or the back of thermometer 10, and adjustable slit appearance 3 is installed in second to be gone up and down to regulate on the seat 8, and convex lens 4 are installed on the D translation base 9; And the camera lens of micrometer eyepiece 1 and Lloyd mirror 2 over against; Distance h between the slit 3-1 center line on the upper surface of Lloyd mirror 2 and the adjustable slit appearance 3 is 0.6mm, slit 3-1 and convex lens 4 over against the light beam of, convex lens 4 and sodium vapor lamp 5 over against.Micrometer eyepiece 1, Lloyd mirror 2, adjustable slit appearance 3, convex lens 4, sodium vapor lamp 5, first go up and down to regulate seat 6, linear expansion coefficient tester 7, second goes up and down to regulate seat 8 and D translation base 9 is the commercially available prod.

The measuring process of the utility model: before measuring sodium vapor lamp 5, first gone up and down to regulate that seat 6, second goes up and down to regulate seat 8 and D translation base 9 is installed on the optical table; The lower end of linear expansion coefficient tester 7 is embedded in the optical table; Tested metal tube 11 is placed the inner chamber of heating tube 7-3; End with thermometer 10 is arranged in the inner chamber of tested metal tube 11 simultaneously, and the other end of thermometer 10 is exposed at outside the upper surface of tested metal tube 11, is convenient to read temperature.At first according to the height that is arranged on the Lloyd mirror 2 of tested metal tube 11 upper surfaces; Making the distance h between the upper surface of Lloyd mirror 2 and the slit 3-1 center line on the adjustable slit appearance 3 is 0.6mm; Regulate D translation base 9; Realize that sodium vapor lamp 5 is coaxial with the light path of convex lens 4, make slit 3-1 and convex lens 4 over against; The gold-tinted that sodium vapor lamp 5 sends becomes a branch of directional light after through convex lens 4, and this bundle directional light is coherent light through the light and the part of adjustable slit appearance 3 by the reflected light of Lloyd mirror 2; Adjust first up-down then and regulate height, the position of seat 6, and the size of slit 3-1, until in micrometer eyepiece 1, seeing interference fringe clearly; When 7 heating of linear expansion coefficient tester, tested metal tube 11 elongations move up Lloyd mirror 2, can know that according to Young two-slit interference principle the distance of double slit diminishes, thereby make the interference fringe spacing in the micrometer eyepiece 1 become big; The elongation of metal tube under uniform temperature changes can be known by the fringe spacing variation, in this elongation and corresponding temperature difference substitution linear expansion coefficient formula, certain linear expansion of metal can be drawn.

Claims (1)

1. one kind is utilized Lloyd mirror metal linear expansion coefficient measurement experimental provision; Its composition comprises that micrometer eyepiece (1), Lloyd mirror (2), adjustable slit appearance (3), convex lens (4), sodium vapor lamp (5), first go up and down to regulate seat (6), linear expansion coefficient tester (7), second and go up and down to regulate seat (8), D translation base (9) and thermometer (10); Linear expansion coefficient tester (7) is made up of base (7-1), urceolus (7-2), heating tube (7-3) and pad (7-4); Said urceolus (7-2) is vertically set on the upper surface of base (7-1); The center of urceolus (7-2) upper surface is provided with spacer groove (7-2-1); The diameter of spacer groove (7-2-1) is greater than the external diameter of heating tube (7-3), and heating tube (7-3) is arranged in the inner chamber of urceolus (7-2), and pad (7-4) is arranged in the spacer groove (7-2-1); It is characterized in that: said micrometer eyepiece (1), Lloyd mirror (2), adjustable slit appearance (3), convex lens (4) and sodium vapor lamp (5) set gradually from left to right; Micrometer eyepiece (1) is installed in first to be gone up and down to regulate on the seat (6), and Lloyd mirror (2) is horizontally set on tested metal tube (11) upper surface, and tested metal tube (11) places the inner chamber of heating tube (7-3); One end of thermometer (10) is arranged in the inner chamber of tested metal tube (11); The other end of thermometer (10) is exposed at outside the upper surface of tested metal tube (11), and adjustable slit appearance (3) is installed in second to be gone up and down to regulate on the seat (8), and convex lens (4) are installed on the D translation base (9); And the camera lens of micrometer eyepiece (1) and Lloyd mirror (2) over against; Distance (h) between slit (3-1) center line on the upper surface of Lloyd mirror (2) and the adjustable slit appearance (3) is 0.6mm, slit (3-1) and convex lens (4) over against the light beam of, convex lens (4) and sodium vapor lamp (5) over against.

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