CN202394004U - Light modulator - Google Patents

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CN202394004U
CN202394004U CN201120506179XU CN201120506179U CN202394004U CN 202394004 U CN202394004 U CN 202394004U CN 201120506179X U CN201120506179X U CN 201120506179XU CN 201120506179 U CN201120506179 U CN 201120506179U CN 202394004 U CN202394004 U CN 202394004U
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陈禹翔
李青
王保平
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Southeast University
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Abstract

本实用新型的一种光调制器,包括支撑、第一介质和第二介质,第一介质是由入射面、垂直于入射面的出射面、连接出射面与入射面的第一临界面围绕而成,第一介质中设置的第一电极与入射面和出射面的边界相邻;第二介质是由平行于入射面的透射面、平行于所述第一临界面的第二临界面、连接透射面与第二临界面的界面围绕而成,第二介质中设置的第二电极与透射面和界面的边界相邻;支撑将第一介质和第二介质固定定位,第一临界面与第二临界面相邻并有间隙,构成光学量子隧道结构,第一介质与第二介质均为具有逆压电效应的材料。本实用新型由电极施加电场控制光学量子隧道的宽度,控制电磁波束透过率,以简单的结构实现了对电磁波束透过率的控制。

Figure 201120506179

An optical modulator of the present invention includes a support, a first medium and a second medium, the first medium is surrounded by an incident surface, an outgoing surface perpendicular to the incident surface, and a first critical surface connecting the outgoing surface and the incident surface. In this way, the first electrode set in the first medium is adjacent to the boundary between the incident surface and the outgoing surface; the second medium is composed of a transmission surface parallel to the incident surface, a second critical surface parallel to the first critical surface, and a connection The interface between the transmission surface and the second critical surface is surrounded, and the second electrode set in the second medium is adjacent to the boundary between the transmission surface and the interface; the support fixes the first medium and the second medium, and the first critical surface and the second The two critical surfaces are adjacent to each other and have a gap to form an optical quantum tunnel structure, and both the first medium and the second medium are materials with inverse piezoelectric effect. The utility model controls the width of the optical quantum tunnel by applying an electric field to the electrodes, controls the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave beam, and realizes the control of the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave beam with a simple structure.

Figure 201120506179

Description

一种光调制器a light modulator

技术领域 technical field

本实用新型涉及一种光调制器,具体地说是一种可用来调制电磁波透过率的透射式光调制器。  The utility model relates to an optical modulator, in particular to a transmissive optical modulator which can be used to modulate the transmittance of electromagnetic waves. the

背景技术 Background technique

光调制器是一种能对光波强度的一维或二维空间分布进行调制的器件,其输出光信号是随控制信号变化的空间和时间的函数。液晶光阀是目前使用较广的一种光调制器,其使用扭曲向列型液晶工作于透射式,下面简述其工作原理。液晶是一种介于固态和液态之间的物质,是具有规则性分子排列的有机化合物,如果把它加热会呈现透明状的液体状态,把它冷却则会出现结晶颗粒的混浊固体状态。正是由于它的这种特性,所以被称之为液晶,如图2、图3所示,液晶盒两侧有偏振片,其中上方的偏振片为线性起偏器,下方的偏振片为线性检偏器。他们的偏光轴互相平行,并都与液晶盒顶部基片内表面处的液晶分子去向一致。当未加外电场时,入射光到达盒的底部时,光的偏振面将与检偏器的偏光轴垂直,光线被检偏器挡住,从背面看过去液晶盒不透明,如图2所示。外加电场后,入射光经过液晶盒时不发生偏转,能从检偏器穿过,液晶盒仿佛是透明的,如图3所示。该器件工作在这两个状态之间,当液晶分子偏转一定角度时,相应的,入射光具有一定的透过率。而工作原理也决定了这种器件具有一定的缺陷:1,由于入射光要通过一个起偏器,将自然光转换成偏振光,所以该器件最大的透过率仅为50%;2,电光响应速度慢;3,光透过和关闭都不彻底,即开状态时仍有光被阻挡,关状态时仍有光透过,换句话说即对比度差。  An optical modulator is a device that can modulate the one-dimensional or two-dimensional spatial distribution of light wave intensity, and its output optical signal is a function of space and time that changes with the control signal. The liquid crystal light valve is a kind of light modulator widely used at present. It uses twisted nematic liquid crystal to work in the transmissive mode. The working principle is briefly described below. Liquid crystal is a substance between solid and liquid. It is an organic compound with regular molecular arrangement. If it is heated, it will appear in a transparent liquid state, and when it is cooled, it will appear in a turbid solid state of crystalline particles. It is precisely because of its characteristics that it is called liquid crystal. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, there are polarizers on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, of which the upper polarizer is a linear polarizer, and the lower polarizer is a linear polarizer. Analyzer. Their polarization axes are parallel to each other, and they are all in the same direction as the liquid crystal molecules on the inner surface of the top substrate of the liquid crystal cell. When no external electric field is applied, when the incident light reaches the bottom of the cell, the polarization plane of the light will be perpendicular to the polarization axis of the analyzer, and the light will be blocked by the analyzer, making the liquid crystal cell opaque when viewed from the back, as shown in Figure 2. After the electric field is applied, the incident light does not deflect when passing through the liquid crystal cell, but can pass through the analyzer, and the liquid crystal cell seems to be transparent, as shown in Figure 3. The device works between these two states. When the liquid crystal molecules deflect at a certain angle, the incident light has a certain transmittance accordingly. The working principle also determines that this device has certain defects: 1. Since the incident light passes through a polarizer to convert natural light into polarized light, the maximum transmittance of the device is only 50%; 2. The electro-optic response The speed is slow; 3. The light transmission and closure are not complete, that is, the light is still blocked in the on state, and the light is still transmitted in the off state, in other words, the contrast is poor. the

当电磁波从折射率为n1介质射入折射率为n2的介质,入射角α1与折射角α2满足折射定律:n1*sinα1=n2*sinα2。若n1大于n2,则α2大于α1,即当电磁波从光密介质射向光疏介质时,折射角将大于入射角。当入射角为某一数值时,折射角将等于90°,此入射角称临界角。临界角c=arcsin(n2/n1)。这时在光疏介质中将不出现折射波。若入射角大于临界角,则无折射,全部电磁波均 返回到光密介质,此现象称为全反射。这时没有电磁波射出到光疏介质中,但光疏介质中产生了某种波的扰动,这种波被称为瞬逝波,它不携带任何能量,这种波的扰动随着离界面距离的增加而迅速减弱至消失。由数学计算可得,这种波的电场强度可以表示为:  When an electromagnetic wave enters a medium with a refractive index of n 1 from a medium with a refractive index of n 1 , the incident angle α 1 and the refracted angle α 2 satisfy the law of refraction: n 1 *sinα 1 =n 2 *sinα 2 . If n 1 is greater than n 2 , then α 2 is greater than α 1 , that is, when an electromagnetic wave shoots from an optically denser medium to an optically rarer medium, the angle of refraction will be greater than the angle of incidence. When the incident angle is a certain value, the refraction angle will be equal to 90°, which is called the critical angle. Critical angle c=arcsin(n 2 /n 1 ). At this time, no refracted waves will appear in the optically sparse medium. If the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, there will be no refraction, and all electromagnetic waves will return to the optically dense medium. This phenomenon is called total reflection. At this time, no electromagnetic wave is emitted into the optically sparse medium, but some kind of wave disturbance is produced in the optically sparse medium. This wave is called evanescent wave, which does not carry any energy. The disturbance of this wave increases with the distance from the interface. rapidly diminished to disappear. From mathematical calculations, the electric field strength of this wave can be expressed as:

EE. ‾‾ (( 22 )) == EE. ‾‾ 00 (( 22 )) expexp [[ -- ωω vv 22 (( sinsin 22 θθ 11 nno 22 )) 11 22 zz ]] ** expexp [[ iωiω (( sinsin θθ 11 vv 22 nno xx -- tt )) ]]

其中光密介质中物理量下标为1,光疏介质中物理量下标为2或上标(2)。从式中可以看到,这是一个阻尼衰减的波动过程,此式所表示的透射波是沿x方向传播沿z向呈指数衰减的特殊波动,这种波叫倏逝波。以前讨论的波等相面与等幅面重合,为均匀波;而倏逝波的等相面与等幅面垂直,为非均匀波。这种波动只能紧贴界面传播而不能深入光疏介质内部,倏逝波的振幅随进入深度z减小得非常快。  The subscript of the physical quantity in the optically dense medium is 1, and the subscript of the physical quantity in the optically sparse medium is 2 or superscript (2). It can be seen from the formula that this is a wave process of damping and attenuation. The transmitted wave represented by this formula is a special wave that propagates along the x direction and decays exponentially along the z direction. This wave is called an evanescent wave. The equi-phase plane and constant-magnitude plane discussed above coincide, which is a uniform wave; and the equi-phase plane of the evanescent wave is perpendicular to the constant-amplitude plane, which is a non-uniform wave. This kind of fluctuation can only propagate close to the interface and cannot go deep into the optically sparse medium, and the amplitude of the evanescent wave decreases very quickly with the depth z. the

当电磁波发生全反射时,如果把另一块光密介质平行放置在第一块光密介质旁边,就可以看出这一现象与隧道效应之间的关系,若把两块介质移得很近,让瞬逝波穿过第二块介质的表面,一束透射光在第二块介质中出现了。两块介质距离越近,重新出现的透射光越强。两块介质接近时透射光增强的原因是,在“被禁止通过”的空气间隙中,瞬逝波的波幅衰减得还不够大。这种现象叫做受抑内全反射,是德布罗意波量子隧道效应的光学对应。这就是说,可以通过改变介质之间间隙大小来控制电磁波的透过率。由上述公式可知,如取n=1/1.52,θ1=π/4,则 取z=v2/ω=λ2/2π为波长数量级,当z=λ2/2π, exp [ - ( sin θ 1 n ) 2 - 1 ] ≈ 0.6740 ; z=10λ2/2π,  exp [ 1 - 10 ( sin θ 1 n ) 2 - 1 ] ≈ 0.0194 ; z=20λ2/2π, exp [ - 20 ( sin θ 1 n ) 2 - 1 ]

Figure BDA0000117320560000026
可见沿z方向深度增加约波长数量级的20倍,振幅约减小为万分 之4,能量约减小为亿分之16。由此可知,光疏介质的宽度与电磁波透过率具有一一对应的关系,当光疏介质的宽度为波长3.2(20/2π)倍时,电磁波透过率为亿分之16。由此可知,通过光疏介质宽度的连续变化,可使电磁波透过率在0~100%范围内连续变化。光疏介质在本实用新型中即为光学量子隧道结构。  When the electromagnetic wave undergoes total reflection, if another optically dense medium is placed parallel to the first optically dense medium, the relationship between this phenomenon and the tunnel effect can be seen. If the two mediums are moved very close, Let the evanescent wave pass through the surface of the second medium, and a beam of transmitted light appears in the second medium. The closer the two media are, the stronger the reappearance of the transmitted light. The reason why the transmitted light increases when the two media are close is that the amplitude of the evanescent wave is not attenuated enough in the "forbidden" air gap. This phenomenon, called frustrated total internal reflection, is the optical counterpart of de Broglie wave quantum tunneling. That is to say, the transmittance of electromagnetic waves can be controlled by changing the size of the gap between the media. It can be seen from the above formula that if n=1/1.52, θ1=π/4, then Take z=v2/ω=λ2/2π as the wavelength order of magnitude, when z=λ2/2π, exp [ - ( sin θ 1 no ) 2 - 1 ] ≈ 0.6740 ; z=10λ2/2π, exp [ 1 - 10 ( sin θ 1 no ) 2 - 1 ] ≈ 0.0194 ; z=20λ2/2π, exp [ - 20 ( sin θ 1 no ) 2 - 1 ]
Figure BDA0000117320560000026
It can be seen that the depth along the z direction increases about 20 times of the wavelength order, the amplitude decreases to about 4/10,000, and the energy decreases to about 16/100,000,000. It can be seen that there is a one-to-one relationship between the width of the optically thinning medium and the electromagnetic wave transmittance. When the width of the optically thinning medium is 3.2 (20/2π) times the wavelength, the electromagnetic wave transmittance is 16 parts per billion. It can be known that the electromagnetic wave transmittance can be continuously changed in the range of 0-100% by continuously changing the width of the optically rarefied medium. The optical thinning medium in the utility model is an optical quantum tunnel structure.

压电效应:某些电介质在沿一定方向上受到外力的作用而变形时,其内部会产生极化现象,同时在它的两个相对表面上出现正负相反的电荷。当外力去掉后,它又会恢复到不带电的状态,这种现象称为正压电效应。当作用力的方向改变时,电荷的极性也随之改变。相反,当在电介质的极化方向上施加电场,这些电介质也会发生变形,电场去掉后,电介质的变形随之消失,这种现象称为逆压电效应,或称为电致伸缩现象。  Piezoelectric effect: When some dielectrics are deformed by external forces in a certain direction, polarization will occur inside them, and at the same time, opposite charges will appear on its two opposite surfaces. When the external force is removed, it will return to the uncharged state. This phenomenon is called the positive piezoelectric effect. When the direction of the force changes, the polarity of the charge also changes. On the contrary, when an electric field is applied in the polarization direction of the dielectric, these dielectrics will also deform. After the electric field is removed, the deformation of the dielectric will disappear. This phenomenon is called the inverse piezoelectric effect, or the electrostrictive phenomenon. the

实用新型内容 Utility model content

技术问题:本实用新型提供了一种结构简单、使用范围广泛、对比度大的透射式光调制器。  Technical problem: The utility model provides a transmissive light modulator with simple structure, wide application range and high contrast. the

技术方案:本实用新型的一种光调制器,包括支撑、第一介质和第二介质,第一介质是由入射面、垂直于入射面的出射面、连接出射面与入射面的第一临界面围绕而成,第一介质中设置有第一电极,第一电极与入射面和出射面的边界相邻;第二介质是由平行于入射面的透射面、平行于所述第一临界面的第二临界面、连接透射面与第二临界面的界面围绕而成,第二介质中设置有第二电极,第二电极与透射面和界面的边界相邻;支撑与第一介质和第二介质分别连接,将两者固定定位,第一临界面与第二临界面相邻并有间隙,所述间隙构成光学量子隧道结构,第一介质和第二介质均为具有逆压电效应的材料。  Technical solution: A light modulator of the present invention includes a support, a first medium and a second medium, the first medium is composed of an incident surface, an outgoing surface perpendicular to the incident surface, and a first adjacent surface connecting the outgoing surface and the incident surface. Surrounded by the interface, the first medium is provided with a first electrode, and the first electrode is adjacent to the boundary between the incident surface and the outgoing surface; the second medium is composed of a transmission surface parallel to the incident surface, parallel to the first critical surface Surrounded by the second critical surface and the interface connecting the transmission surface and the second critical surface, the second medium is provided with a second electrode, and the second electrode is adjacent to the boundary between the transmission surface and the interface; the support is connected with the first medium and the second medium The two media are respectively connected, and the two are fixedly positioned. The first critical surface is adjacent to the second critical surface and there is a gap. The gap constitutes an optical quantum tunnel structure. Both the first medium and the second medium have an inverse piezoelectric effect. Material. the

本实用新型中,第一介质和第二介质采用的逆压电效应的材料,可以是氧化锌、硫化镉、氮化铝等晶体,含有具有较大偶极矩的碳-氟键的聚偏氟乙烯化合物,或一些铁电晶体,包括:含氧八面体的铁晶体管,例如钛酸钡晶体、具有铌酸锂结构的铌酸锂、铌酸钽和具有钨青铜结构的铌酸锶钡晶体;含有氢键的铁晶体管,例如磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢铵、和磷酸氢铅(及磷酸氘铅)晶体;含层状结构的钛酸铋晶体等。当对这些透明材料施加电场时,它们会发生 变形。  In the utility model, the materials of the inverse piezoelectric effect adopted by the first medium and the second medium can be crystals such as zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, aluminum nitride, etc., which contain polysegregated carbon-fluorine bonds with a relatively large dipole moment. Vinyl fluoride, or some ferroelectric crystals, including: iron transistors containing oxygen octahedrons, such as barium titanate crystals, lithium niobate with lithium niobate structure, tantalum niobate, and strontium barium niobate with tungsten bronze structure ; Iron transistors containing hydrogen bonds, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and lead hydrogen phosphate (and deuterated lead phosphate) crystals; bismuth titanate crystals containing layered structures, etc. When an electric field is applied to these transparent materials, they deform. the

本实用新型的光调制器工作时,入射光由下方射入,首先由入射面进入第一介质并到达第一临界面。此时通过调节电极上所加电压大小来改变介质上所施加的电场大小,由于逆压电效应,从而控制介质形变大小,进而控制第一介质与第二介质之间缝隙的大小。当第一介质与第二介质之间缝隙即光学量子隧道结构的宽度为最大宽度(入射光波长的3.2倍)时,99.99%的入射光不能透过,在第一临界面处发生全反射,而到达出射面并被吸收。此种情况为关状态。当第一介质与第二介质之间缝隙即光学量子隧道结构的宽度为最小宽度,即第一介质与第二介质相接触时,入射光将无任何反射而由第二临界面进入第二介质,进而从上方透射面射出。当第一介质与第二介质之间缝隙即光学量子隧道结构的宽度为最小与最大宽度之间某一值时,相应的,入射光具有一定的透过率。  When the light modulator of the present invention is working, the incident light enters from below, first enters the first medium from the incident surface and reaches the first critical surface. At this time, the magnitude of the electric field applied to the medium is changed by adjusting the voltage applied to the electrodes. Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect, the deformation of the medium is controlled, thereby controlling the size of the gap between the first medium and the second medium. When the gap between the first medium and the second medium, that is, the width of the optical quantum tunnel structure is the maximum width (3.2 times the wavelength of the incident light), 99.99% of the incident light cannot pass through, and total reflection occurs at the first critical surface. And reach the exit surface and be absorbed. This situation is off state. When the gap between the first medium and the second medium, that is, the width of the optical quantum tunnel structure is the minimum width, that is, when the first medium is in contact with the second medium, the incident light will enter the second medium from the second critical surface without any reflection. , and then emitted from the upper transmissive surface. When the gap between the first medium and the second medium, that is, the width of the optical quantum tunnel structure is a certain value between the minimum and maximum width, correspondingly, the incident light has a certain transmittance. the

本实用新型中所用介质需具有逆压电效应,根据所用介质的不同,本实用新型可工作在不同的电磁波波段:介质对于电磁波红外光波段透明,本实用新型为红外光光调制器;介质对于电磁波可见光波段透明,本实用新型为可见光光调制器;介质对于电磁波紫外光波段透明,本实用新型为紫外光光调制器。  The medium used in the utility model needs to have an inverse piezoelectric effect. According to the difference of the medium used, the utility model can work in different electromagnetic wave bands: the medium is transparent to the electromagnetic wave infrared light band, and the utility model is an infrared light modulator; the medium is for The electromagnetic wave is transparent in the visible light band, and the utility model is a visible light modulator; the medium is transparent to the electromagnetic wave ultraviolet light band, and the utility model is an ultraviolet light modulator. the

有益效果:本实用新型的光调制器,相对于现有技术具有以下优点:  Beneficial effects: the light modulator of the present utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

第一,本实用新型所利用的原理十分巧妙,涉及到电磁波的全反射及光学量子隧道效应。当电磁波从光密介质射向光疏介质时,折射角将大于入射角。当入射角为某一数值时,折射角将等于90°,此入射角称临界角。当入射角大于临界角时,将发生全反射,此时没有电磁波射出到光疏介质中,仅有不携带能量的倏逝波进入光疏介质,倏逝波衰减很快,会在很短的距离内衰减完,此时如果用另一光密介质靠近原光密介质,使倏逝波在衰减完之前进入第二块光密介质,这时在第二块光密介质中将出现投射波(此效应称为量子隧道效应),该投射波的强度与倏逝波在光疏介质中衰减的程度有关,即与倏逝波在光疏介质中传播的路程长度有关。根据此原理,便可以由倏逝波在光疏介质中的传播距离来控制透射波的透过率。在解决如何控制光疏介质宽度的问题上,本实用新型利用了介质的逆压电效应,便可以通过施加电场,很轻松地对该宽度进行控制。正式基于巧妙的原理,使得本实用新型结构也很简单,整个实用 新型仅包括介质、电极及支撑,而目前常用的液晶光阀则需要液晶盒及偏振片等,其中液晶盒的制作工艺就十分复杂,包括悬涂聚酰亚胺酸、摩擦取向、封盒、灌晶等步骤,相比而言,可以说本实用新型简单很多。  First, the principle utilized by the utility model is very ingenious, involving total reflection of electromagnetic waves and optical quantum tunneling effect. When an electromagnetic wave travels from an optically denser medium to an optically rarer medium, the angle of refraction will be greater than the angle of incidence. When the incident angle is a certain value, the refraction angle will be equal to 90°, which is called the critical angle. When the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, total reflection will occur. At this time, no electromagnetic wave is emitted into the optically sparse medium, and only the evanescent wave without energy enters the optically sparse medium. If the attenuation within the distance is completed, if another optically dense medium is used close to the original optically dense medium, the evanescent wave enters the second optically dense medium before the attenuation is completed, and the projected wave will appear in the second optically dense medium (This effect is called quantum tunneling effect), and the intensity of the projected wave is related to the degree of attenuation of the evanescent wave in the optically sparse medium, that is, to the length of the path of the evanescent wave propagating in the optically sparse medium. According to this principle, the transmittance of the transmitted wave can be controlled by the propagation distance of the evanescent wave in the optically sparse medium. To solve the problem of how to control the width of the optically thinning medium, the utility model utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of the medium, and can easily control the width by applying an electric field. Formally based on the ingenious principle, the structure of the utility model is also very simple. The whole utility model only includes the medium, electrodes and supports, while the current commonly used liquid crystal light valves need liquid crystal cells and polarizers, etc., and the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal cells is very simple. Complicated, including steps such as suspension coating polyimide acid, rubbing orientation, sealing box, filling crystal, etc., it can be said that the utility model is much simpler in comparison. the

第二,本实用新型工作时电磁波透过率可调范围大,为0~100%。当两光密介质之间距离为0时,电磁波透过率为100%;当两光密介质之间距离大于等于3.2倍所透过电磁波的波长时,电磁波透过率为0;当两光密介质之间距离介于上述两者之间时,电磁波透过率为0至100%之间某一数值。由此可知,本实用新型的对比度(定义为最大透过率与最小透过率的比值)大。而由于液晶光阀工作时,电磁波需通过偏振片,众所周知,当自然光通过一偏振片而成为偏振光时,起能量至少减少为原来的一半,所以液晶光阀的最大透过率仅为50%。而液晶光阀工作于关态时,由于其原理的缺陷,仍有小部分电磁波透过,即其最小透过率也不到0,所以其对比度很低。相比而言本实用新型的益处很明显。  Second, when the utility model works, the electromagnetic wave transmittance can be adjusted in a large range, which is 0-100%. When the distance between the two optically dense media is 0, the electromagnetic wave transmittance is 100%; when the distance between the two optically dense media is greater than or equal to 3.2 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted, the electromagnetic wave transmittance is 0; when the two optically dense media When the distance between the dense media is between the above two, the electromagnetic wave transmittance is a certain value between 0 and 100%. It can be seen that the contrast ratio (defined as the ratio of the maximum transmittance to the minimum transmittance) of the present invention is large. When the liquid crystal light valve is working, the electromagnetic wave needs to pass through the polarizer. As we all know, when natural light passes through a polarizer and becomes polarized light, the energy is at least reduced to half of the original, so the maximum transmittance of the liquid crystal light valve is only 50%. . However, when the liquid crystal light valve works in the off state, due to the defect of its principle, a small part of electromagnetic waves still passes through, that is, the minimum transmittance is less than 0, so its contrast is very low. In comparison, the benefits of the present utility model are obvious. the

第三,基于介质的逆压电效应速度快,本实用新型的电光响应速度快。而液晶光阀的电光响应速度慢。  Thirdly, the inverse piezoelectric effect based on the medium is fast, and the electro-optical response speed of the utility model is fast. However, the electro-optic response speed of the liquid crystal light valve is slow. the

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是本实用新型透射式光调制器的立体结构示意图;  Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the utility model transmissive light modulator;

图2是透射式液晶光阀原理图(光遮断状态);  Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive liquid crystal light valve (light blocking state);

图3是透射式液晶光阀原理图(光透过状态);  Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive liquid crystal light valve (light transmission state);

图4(a)是光学量子隧道宽度与光线通过情况示意图(透过率较小状态);  Figure 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the width of the optical quantum tunnel and the passage of light (the state with a small transmittance);

图4(b)是光学量子隧道宽度与光线通过情况示意图(透过率中等状态);  Figure 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the width of the optical quantum tunnel and the passage of light (moderate transmittance state);

图4(c)是光学量子隧道宽度与光线通过情况示意图(透过率较大状态);  Figure 4(c) is a schematic diagram of the width of the optical quantum tunnel and the passage of light (in a state with a large transmittance);

图5是本实用新型透射式光调制器的立面结构示意图。  Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the transmissive light modulator of the present invention. the

图6是本实用新型透射式光调制器的俯视图。  Fig. 6 is a top view of the transmissive light modulator of the present invention. the

图7是本实用新型透射式光调制器的左视图。  Fig. 7 is a left view of the transmissive light modulator of the present invention. the

图8是本实用新型透射式光调制器的右视图。  Fig. 8 is a right view of the transmissive light modulator of the present invention. the

图中有:1.支撑;2.第一介质;3.第一电极;4.第二电极;5.第二介质;6.光学量子隧道结构;7.入射光;8.偏振片;9.液晶分子;10.出 射光;21.入射面;22.出射面;23.第一临界面;51.透射面;52.第二临界面;53.界面。  In the figure: 1. support; 2. first medium; 3. first electrode; 4. second electrode; 5. second medium; 6. optical quantum tunnel structure; 7. incident light; 8. polarizer; 9 .Liquid crystal molecules; 10. Outgoing light; 21. Incident surface; 22. Outgoing surface; 23. First critical surface; 51. Transmission surface; 52. Second critical surface; 53. Interface. the

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步的说明。  Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described further. the

本实用新型的一种光调制器,包括支撑1、第一介质2和第二介质5,第一介质2是由入射面21、垂直于入射面21的出射面22、连接出射面22与入射面21的第一临界面23围绕而成,第一介质2中设置有第一电极3,第一电极3与入射面21和出射面22的边界相邻;第二介质5是由平行于入射面21的透射面51、平行于所述第一临界面23的第二临界面52、连接透射面51与第二临界面52的界面53围绕而成,第二介质5中设置有第二电极4,第二电极4与透射面51和界面53的边界相邻;支撑1与第一介质2和第二介质5分别连接,将两者固定定位,第一临界面23与第二临界面52相邻并有间隙,所述间隙构成光学量子隧道结构6,第一介质2与第二介质5均为具有逆压电效应的材料。  A light modulator of the present utility model includes a support 1, a first medium 2 and a second medium 5, the first medium 2 is composed of an incident surface 21, an outgoing surface 22 perpendicular to the incident surface 21, and a connection between the outgoing surface 22 and the incident surface. Surrounded by the first critical surface 23 of the surface 21, the first electrode 3 is arranged in the first medium 2, and the first electrode 3 is adjacent to the boundary between the incident surface 21 and the outgoing surface 22; the second medium 5 is made of The transmission surface 51 of the surface 21, the second critical surface 52 parallel to the first critical surface 23, and the interface 53 connecting the transmission surface 51 and the second critical surface 52 are surrounded, and the second medium 5 is provided with a second electrode 4. The second electrode 4 is adjacent to the boundary between the transmissive surface 51 and the interface 53; the support 1 is connected to the first medium 2 and the second medium 5 respectively, and the two are fixedly positioned. The first critical surface 23 and the second critical surface 52 Adjacent to each other there is a gap, the gap constitutes an optical quantum tunnel structure 6, and both the first medium 2 and the second medium 5 are materials with inverse piezoelectric effect. the

本实用新型的一个实施例中,第一介质2和第二介质5均为直角三角棱柱形的介质,两介质上下相对放置,支撑1为分布于四周的四根立柱,第一介质2和第二介质5附着在支撑1上,在支撑1的作用下固定定位并保持两者的缝隙。  In one embodiment of the present utility model, the first medium 2 and the second medium 5 are right-angled triangular prism-shaped mediums, the two mediums are placed opposite each other up and down, the support 1 is four columns distributed around, the first medium 2 and the second medium The second medium 5 is attached to the support 1, fixedly positioned under the action of the support 1 and maintains the gap between the two. the

本实用新型的另一个实施例中,支撑1为分布于四周并将第一介质2和第二介质5的外表面包覆的透光材料,第一介质2和第二介质5在支撑1的作用下固定定位并保持两者的缝隙,由于支撑1采用透光材料,所以并不影响光波的透射。  In another embodiment of the present utility model, the support 1 is a light-transmitting material that is distributed around and covers the outer surfaces of the first medium 2 and the second medium 5, and the first medium 2 and the second medium 5 are placed on the surface of the support 1. Under the action, the positioning is fixed and the gap between the two is maintained. Since the support 1 is made of a light-transmitting material, it does not affect the transmission of light waves. the

电磁波束由平行于支撑方向自下方入射,电磁波束进入第一介质2后,在第一介质2与光学量子隧道结构6的分界面处发生全反射,有倏逝波进入光学量子隧道6中。在第一电极3与第二电极4上施加所设定的电压,使第一介质2与第二介质6处于一定电场强度的电场中,由于逆压电效应,第一介质2与第二介质5遂发生形变,因此光学量子隧道6的宽度发生改变,形成所需的宽度。根据前述背景知识,将有一定比例的电磁波束进入第二介质5中,进而从 光调制器的上方出射。由此便实现了由电控制电磁波束的透过率。  The electromagnetic beam is incident from below parallel to the supporting direction. After the electromagnetic beam enters the first medium 2 , total reflection occurs at the interface between the first medium 2 and the optical quantum tunnel structure 6 , and evanescent waves enter the optical quantum tunnel 6 . Apply the set voltage on the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 4, so that the first medium 2 and the second medium 6 are in an electric field with a certain electric field strength. Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect, the first medium 2 and the second medium 5 is then deformed, so the width of the optical quantum tunnel 6 changes to form the required width. According to the aforementioned background knowledge, a certain proportion of the electromagnetic beam will enter the second medium 5, and then exit from the top of the light modulator. Thus, the transmittance of the electromagnetic beam can be controlled electrically. the

根据前述背景知识,光学量子隧道结构6的宽度与电磁波透过率具有一一对应的关系。取第一介质2与第二介质5的折射率为1.52,此时当光学量子隧道结构6的宽度为波长3.2倍时,电磁波透过率为亿分之16,由此可知,通过光学量子隧道结构6宽度的连续变化,可使电磁波透过率近似在0~100%范围内连续变化,如当波长为600nm的红色可见光通过时,若需调制其透过率为67.4,可使光学量子隧道6的宽度为95.5nm;若需调制其透过率为1.9%,可使光学量子隧道6的宽度为950.5nm。  According to the foregoing background knowledge, the width of the optical quantum tunnel structure 6 has a one-to-one relationship with the electromagnetic wave transmittance. The refractive index of the first medium 2 and the second medium 5 is 1.52. At this time, when the width of the optical quantum tunnel structure 6 is 3.2 times the wavelength, the electromagnetic wave transmittance is 16 per billion. It can be seen that, through the optical quantum tunnel The continuous change of the width of the structure 6 can make the transmittance of electromagnetic waves change continuously within the range of approximately 0-100%. The width of 6 is 95.5nm; if its transmittance needs to be modulated to 1.9%, the width of optical quantum tunnel 6 can be 950.5nm. the

Claims (1)

1. a photomodulator is characterized in that, comprises support (1), first medium (2) and second medium (5),
Said first medium (2) be by the plane of incidence (21), perpendicular to the exit facet (22) of the said plane of incidence (21), connect said exit facet (22) and the plane of incidence (21) first critical surface (23) around forming; Be provided with first electrode (3) in said first medium (2), said first electrode (3) is adjacent with the border of the plane of incidence (21) and exit facet (22);
Said second medium (5) be by the transmission plane that is parallel to the plane of incidence (21) (51), be parallel to said first critical surface (23) second critical surface (52), connect said transmission plane (51) and second critical surface (52) interface (53) around forming; Be provided with second electrode (4) in said second medium (5), said second electrode (4) is adjacent with the border of transmission plane (51) and interface (53);
Said support (1) is connected respectively with second medium (5) with first medium (2); With both stationary positioned; Said first critical surface (23) is adjacent and gapped with second critical surface (52); Said gap constitutes quantum optics tunnel structure (6), and described first medium (2) and second medium (5) are the material with inverse piezoelectric effect.
CN201120506179XU 2011-12-08 2011-12-08 Light modulator Expired - Fee Related CN202394004U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102436077A (en) * 2011-12-08 2012-05-02 东南大学 Spatial optical modulator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102436077A (en) * 2011-12-08 2012-05-02 东南大学 Spatial optical modulator

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