CN202353224U - Low-voltage phased switching capacitor switch - Google Patents

Low-voltage phased switching capacitor switch Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202353224U
CN202353224U CN2011204795387U CN201120479538U CN202353224U CN 202353224 U CN202353224 U CN 202353224U CN 2011204795387 U CN2011204795387 U CN 2011204795387U CN 201120479538 U CN201120479538 U CN 201120479538U CN 202353224 U CN202353224 U CN 202353224U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
capacitor
contact
switch
magnetic latching
latching relay
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2011204795387U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋轩
张岩
梁石磊
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JILIN CITY LONGHUA POWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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JILIN CITY LONGHUA POWER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to CN2011204795387U priority Critical patent/CN202353224U/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Abstract

The utility model relates to a power supply circuit device, in particular to a low-voltage phased switching capacitor switch which is characterized by comprising a magnetic holding relay J, a diode D and a synchronous detection and control circuit. The diode D is connected with the contact point K of the magnetic holding relay J in parallel; one end of the contact point K of the magnetic holding relay J is connected with one end of a power supply, and the other end is connected with one end of a capacitor C; the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the other end of the power supply; before being connected in a power grid, the capacitor C is in the charging state; when the capacitor C is connected in a power grid and the voltage of the magnetic holding relay J in the power grid is the positive maximum voltage, the contact point K closes; and when the capacitor C stops actuating in the power grid and the voltage of the magnetic holding relay J in the power grid is the positive maximum voltage, the contact point K opens. The low-voltage phased switching capacitor switch is simple in structure, can realize accurate control, can switch the capacitor rapidly and reliably without being affected by the harmonic disturbance and causing inrush current, reignition and discharge of the capacitor.

Description

The phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure
Technical field
The circuit arrangement that the present invention relates to supply power is the phased switched capacitor switch of a kind of low pressure.
Background technology
In low-voltage reactive compensator capable, the mode that adopts the capacitor grouping switching usually is from the motion tracking compensating power.Because the capacitor group is a capacitive load; Insert the 50HZ AC network through switch or when electrical network withdraws from, produce the transient process of a transient state when it, just some phenomena will take place: instantaneously can produce very big impact switching current closing a floodgate; Experiment shows; Inrush phenomenon is approximately 5~15 times of capacitor group rated current when single group capacitor, and when the multiple unit capacitor additional input, inrush phenomenon can reach 20~50 times of capacitor group rated current; If the dielectric strength of the arc gap of switch is not enough in the separating brake process; Be lower than recovery voltage, switch is restriked, and the overvoltage of restriking that switch is repeatedly restriked and increased by 3,5,7 multiples producing; Promptly produce very high switching overvoltage, thereby operation of power networks and capacitor are worked the mischief.For these reasons, so can not adopt general switch to come the operation of capacitor device.
Prior art adopts the A.C. contactor switched capacitor to carry out the reactive power compensation mode usually, is still continuing to use so far.But because contactor three-phase contact can not be controlled respectively, general rule almost logical together, it is then almost disconnected together to break, and can't select only phase angle to drop into and the excision capacitor, and so respectively meeting produces different impulse currents.Because impulse current is big; Regular meeting causes the probe of contactor phenomenon that freezes; Contacts of contactor is broken not open; Cisco unity malfunction, its switching process produce shove and also greatly reduced reliability and the capacitor working life of compensation arrangement with switching overvoltage, have to during actual use contact and capacitor are often safeguarded and changed.
For restriction with eliminate shoving and overvoltage of in the capacitor switching process, producing, a lot of ways are arranged at present, as adding parallelly connected resistance at the switch contact fracture, the installing series reactor can both the good restraining switching current in capacitor loops; Accelerate the breaking speed of switch contact, or adopt the measure etc. of powerful arc blow-out that capacitor separating brake process is not restriked and eliminate switching overvoltage; In recent years, along with the development of power electronic technology, having occurred again adopting the switch of thyristor series capacitor device is electronic switch; Drop into capacitor through the conducting when the voltage zero-cross of control controllable silicon; When current over-zero, turn-off and the excision capacitor, can eliminate and shove and the overvoltage phenomenon, but because the thyristor series capacitor device has problems such as harmonic wave can the association conduction loss make controllable silicon heating, switching-over the time; Need radiation fin and filter element; Therefore manufacturing cost is higher, and owing to controllable silicon reaches overcurrent, overvoltage the sensitiveness of dv/dt is also damaged than being easier to, and operation and maintenance cost are also higher; Also occurred the sets of advantages of electromagnetic and mechanical switch and electronic switch is in the same place, be about to the parallelly connected combination switch of forming that uses with the electromagnetic and mechanical switch contact of controllable silicon, wherein controllable silicon is realized voltage zero-cross input and current over-zero excision; The electromagnetic and mechanical switch contact is used for through continuous current; So just avoided silicon controlled conduction loss problem, controllable silicon only uses in the moment of dropping into and excising, and therefore need not select controllable silicon by specified big electric current usually; Controllable silicon does not need radiation fin yet; But not only use controllable silicon but also use the electromagnetic and mechanical switch in the combination switch, the more complicated so structure just becomes, cost is also than higher; In practical application, often, silicon controlled cause combination switch not work because of damaging.Key in background technology herein and describe paragraph.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, provide a kind of simple in structure, can realize accurate control, the capacitor no-flashy-flow of switching, do not have and to restrike, need not discharge, the switching process does not receive harmonic disturbance, switching is quick, reliability the is high phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure.
The objective of the invention is to be realized by following technical scheme: the phased switched capacitor switch of a kind of low pressure is characterized in that: it comprises magnetic latching relay J, diode D and synchronous detecting and control circuit, and diode D is parallelly connected with the contact K of magnetic latching relay J; Contact K one end of magnetic latching relay J connects electrical network one end, and the other end connects the end of capacitor C, and the other end of capacitor C is connected to the other end of electrical network; The input of synchronous detecting and control circuit is connected with electrical network; The control wave that its output sends makes the coil magnetization of magnetic latching relay J, makes contact K action, and capacitor C is in charged state when not putting into electrical network; When need capacitor C drops into the electrical network action; When magnetic latching relay J was positive maximum at line voltage, contact K was closed, when capacitor cuts out action from electrical network; When magnetic latching relay J was positive maximum at line voltage, K branch in contact was opened.
Also comprise resistance R, said diode D is with parallelly connected with the contact K of magnetic latching relay J again after resistance R is connected.
Described electrical network is that the line voltage effective value is a 50Hz three phase sine AC network for the 380v frequency.
Said synchronous detecting and control circuit comprise single-chip microcomputer U2, photoelectricity isolation zero cross detection circuit U3 and relay drive circuit U4; The input that photoelectricity is isolated zero cross detection circuit U3 is connected with electrical network; Its output is connected with the input of single-chip microcomputer U2, and the output of single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with the input of relay drive circuit U4.
The model of said single-chip microcomputer U2 is ATMEGA16L.
The photoelectrical coupler model that said photoelectricity is isolated zero cross detection circuit U3 is TLP521.
The relay chip for driving model of said relay drive circuit U4 is M1416.
When said diode D inserted with respect to the phase place forward of line voltage, the contact K of synchronous detecting and control circuit 4 control relay J moved in the positive maximum of line voltage constantly; During reverse the access, the contact K of synchronous detecting and control circuit 4 control relay J moves in the negative maximum of line voltage constantly.
Technical scheme of the present invention is followed following know-why:
Science choose capacitor switch switching constantly because 90 ° of the electric current leading voltages of capacity load will accomplish during the capacitor switch switching capacitance that electric current does not have impact, must when the line voltage zero passage, drop into, when current over-zero, excise.Because the mechanical contact of electromagnetic switch all has action error and discrete type property, the action error of general commercially available magnetic latching relay and bounce time are about 1 millisecond, for the AC network of 50Hz; The time that variation is 1 millisecond is 18 °; If 1 millisecond of zero crossing skew, the side-play amount of its voltage magnitude is: | sin (0 ± 18 °) |=0.309, that is to say at voltage over zero and drop into 1 millisecond of capacitor time migration; Be carried in magnitude of voltage on the capacitor and can reach 0.3 times of rated voltage; This can produce very big shoving on capacitor, this mode is too strict to the performance requirement of commercially available magnetic latching relay, is difficult for realizing.And near voltage peak, squint 1 millisecond, the side-play amount of its voltage magnitude is: 1-|sin (90 ° ± 18 °) |=0.049, that is to say the pre-charge of capacitor electrode container; Making its voltage is the peak value of line voltage, when the sinusoidal ac peak value, and the action of control switch contact; Even drop into 1 millisecond of capacitor time migration, be carried in magnitude of voltage on the capacitor and also be merely 0.049 times into rated voltage, this is a very little value; Shoving of on capacitor, producing is very little, to the not infringement of mechanical contact of switch, therefore selects the capacitor pre-charge; The conducting when the positive and negative peak value of line voltage of control switch contact; Realization inserts electrical network and from electrical network, withdraws from operation capacitor, and the performance of commercially available common magnetic latching relay can meet the demands, and very easily realizes.
2. adopt best switch no-voltage to drop into safeguard, because there are discharge resistance and leakage in capacitor inside, when after the capacitor excision, dropping into again; If line voltage and capacitor residual voltage differ bigger; Will can not suddenly change owing to the voltage of capacitor produces very big impulse current, does not cause impacts of shoving when capacitor is dropped into, line voltage and capacitor residual voltage equal and opposite in direction in the time of must the conducting of assurance switch contact; Polarity is consistent, i.e. the no-voltage input.For this reason, adopt the switch contact mode parallelly connected, adopt this mode with diode; Before capacitor drops into; Line voltage is through diode pair capacitor charging, makes condenser voltage be always maintained at the peak value of line voltage, in case the capacitor leakage electric current causes its voltage ratio line voltage peak value to decrease; Electrical network can through diode with its voltage charging to the line voltage peak value; As long as at the line voltage peak value contact that closes a switch constantly, just can avoid rush of current, little current-limiting resistance of series connection is that charging current of condenser is excessive in order to protect diode and capacitor in order to prevent to power on for the first time on diode.
The phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure of the present invention has simple in structure; Can realize accurate control, switched capacitor process no-flashy-flow, do not have restrike, need not discharge, do not receive the mains by harmonics disturbance, switching fast, switch contact not damaged, reliability advantages of higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a switching circuit structural principle sketch map of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an operation principle timing waveform sketch map of the present invention.
Fig. 3 adopts the former signal reason of angle-type scheme mode circuit figure for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is star-like mode of connection circuit theory sketch map for the present invention adopts.
Fig. 5 adopts the circuit theory diagrams of angle-type scheme for the present invention of embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 adopts the circuit theory diagrams of star-like wiring for the present invention of embodiment 1.
Among the figure: the phased switched capacitor switch of 1 low pressure, 4 synchronous detecting and control circuit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is elaborated.
With reference to Fig. 1, the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure of the present invention comprises magnetic latching relay J, diode D and synchronous detecting and control circuit 4.Diode D is parallelly connected with the contact K of magnetic latching relay J; In the diode D loop parallelly connected with the contact K of magnetic latching relay J; Set up resistance R; Parallelly connected with the contact K of magnetic latching relay J again after making diode D and resistance R being connected, electrical network damages diode and capacitor to the charging current of capacitor when preventing to power on for the first time.Contact K one end of magnetic latching relay J connects electrical network one end, and the other end connects the end of capacitor C, and the other end of capacitor C is connected to the other end of electrical network; The input of synchronous detecting and control circuit 4 is connected with electrical network, and the control wave that its output sends makes the coil magnetization of magnetic latching relay J, makes contact K action; Capacitor C is in charged state when not putting into electrical network, when capacitor C drops into the electrical network action, when magnetic latching relay J is positive maximum at line voltage; Contact K is closed; When capacitor cut out action from electrical network, when magnetic latching relay J was positive maximum at line voltage, K branch in contact was opened.When said diode D inserted with respect to the phase place forward of line voltage, the contact K of synchronous detecting and control circuit 4 control relay J moved in the positive maximum of line voltage constantly; During reverse the access, the contact K of synchronous detecting and control circuit 4 control relay J moves in the negative maximum of line voltage constantly.
With reference to Fig. 2; Operation principle is: U is a line voltage; Uc is a capacitor C voltage, and Uk is the K switch voltage, and Ic is the electric current that flows through among the capacitor C; M1 is the closing pulse signal of magnetic latching relay J contact K closing coil, and M2 is the separating brake pulse signal that magnetic latching relay J contact separates coil.
T1-t4 is the closing pulse width; T5-t8 is the separating brake pulse duration; The intrinsic operate time that t1-t3 is magnetic latching relay J when receiving switching signal and begin to the contact that K is closed; The intrinsic operate time that t4-t7 is magnetic latching relay J when receiving sub-gate signal and begin to the contact that K is to disconnected position, t2-t3 is closed intrinsic operate time of magnetic latching relay contact K, and t6-t7 is intrinsic operate time of magnetic latching relay contact K disjunction.
After the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure inserts electrical network; The contact K of magnetic latching relay J is in off-state; This moment, electrical network carried out unidirectional charging through diode D and resistance R to capacitor C, and the voltage with capacitor C in the extremely short time has been charged to the peak value of line voltage and maintenance always.
When need are put into electrical network with capacitor C; Send the closing pulse M1 that width is t4-t1 by synchronous detecting and control circuit 4 constantly at t1, after magnetic latching relay J receives switching signal, become contact condition by separated position through intrinsic operate time of the back contact K of t3-t1; Accomplish feed motion; This moment, at the positive peak point of line voltage, line voltage was idiostatic with the capacitor C voltage that is full of electricity just, and the voltage at K two ends, contact is " 0 "; Be linked in the electrical network so capacitor C is just undisturbed, realized the no-flashy-flow input.
When need excised out electrical network with capacitor C, synchronous detecting and control circuit 4 sent the separating brake pulse M2 that width is t8-t5 constantly at t5, after magnetic latching relay J receives sub-gate signal; Intrinsic operate time of back contact K through t7-t1 becomes separated position by contact condition; The action of completion separating brake, this moment, also just at the positive peak point of line voltage, line voltage was idiostatic with the capacitor C voltage that is full of electricity; The voltage at K two ends, contact is " 0 "; The electric current that flows through capacitor and switch this moment so capacitor C just withdraws from, has been realized the current over-zero excision for " 0 " from electrical network under currentless state.
Synchronous detecting and control circuit 4 are through above-mentioned SECO, and the contact K that makes magnetic latching relay J is called phase control at the phase bit motion of setting, and is called for short phased.
The contact K of magnetic latching relay J close a floodgate and the process of separating brake in, if the action of contact is slower, time of contact time t3-t2 and t7-t6>5 milliseconds, the phenomenon of arc reignition will appear in contact K, thereby causes shoving and switching overvoltage.In fact, commercially available magnetic latching relay J, all in 2 milliseconds, all satisfy instructions for use the operate time of its contact K, can be not out of control, thereby in phased use, can not produce and shove and switching overvoltage.Diode D can oppositely connect, and control circuit is controlled the switching action of magnetic latching relay J when the negative maximum of line voltage only at this moment, and its switching effect is identical.
With reference to Fig. 3; When the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure of the present invention is used for the three-phase condenser bank of the pilot angle type mode of connection; Capacitor C1, C2, C3 are respectively with after the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure is connected; Formation triangle from beginning to end again connects, and three wiring points link to each other with Ua, Ub, the Uc of electrical network respectively.
With reference to Fig. 4; When the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure of the present invention is used for the three-phase condenser bank of the star-like mode of connection; Capacitor C1, C2, C3 are respectively with after the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure is connected; With the end of three capacitor C1, C2, the C3 formation mid point that connects together, this mid point generally is connected with the zero line of electrical network again, and the other end of the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure that links to each other with three capacitor C1, C2, C3 links to each other with Ua, Ub, the Uc of electrical network.
With reference to Fig. 5 and 6; The synchronous detecting of the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure of the present invention and control circuit 4 comprise single-chip microcomputer U2, photoelectricity isolation zero cross detection circuit U3 and relay drive circuit U4; The input that photoelectricity is isolated zero cross detection circuit U3 is connected with electrical network; Its output is connected with the input of single-chip microcomputer U2, and the output of single-chip microcomputer U2 is connected with the input of relay drive circuit U4.The model of said single-chip microcomputer U2 is ATMEGA16L.The photoelectrical coupler model that said photoelectricity is isolated zero cross detection circuit U3 is TLP521.The relay chip for driving model M1416 of said relay drive circuit U4.
With reference to Fig. 5, embodiments of the invention 1: the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure adopts angle-type scheme mode opening-closing capacitor bank.Present embodiment adopts three magnetic latching relay J1, J2, J3, and three diode D1, D2, D3, three resistance R 1, R2, R3 constitute the switch main circuit.Three capacitor C1, C2, C3 through with separately switch main circuit in magnetic latching relay contact K1, K2, the K3 back formation delta connection from beginning to end of connecting, link to each other with electrical network UA, UB, UC respectively.The photoelectrical coupler that photoelectricity is isolated zero cross detection circuit U3 is shaped as square-wave signal with the sinusoidal ac signal of Uab and is input to the PB0 end of single-chip microcomputer U2.Single-chip microcomputer U2 confirms sinusoidal wave zero crossing through the hopping edge that the PB0 end detects square wave; Accurate delay through single-chip microcomputer U2; The operate time of control magnetic latching relay J1, J2, J3; Make switch contact K1, K2, the K3 closed conducting when each phase voltage is maximum of magnetic latching relay J1, J2, J3, realize voltage zero-cross input and the current over-zero excision of capacitor C1, C2, C3.
With reference to Fig. 6, embodiments of the invention 2: the phased switched capacitor switch 1 of low pressure adopts the opening-closing capacitor bank of star-like wiring.Present embodiment adopts three magnetic latching relay J1, J2, J3, and three diode D1, D2, D3, three resistance R 1, R2, R3 constitute the switch main circuit.Three capacitor C1, C2, C3 through with separately switch main circuit in magnetic latching relay contact K1, K2, K3 link to each other with power supply Ua, Ub, Uc, the other end is connected together and forms the mid point of Y-connection, this mid point directly links to each other with zero line.The photoelectrical coupler that photoelectricity is isolated zero cross detection circuit U3 is shaped as square-wave signal with the sinusoidal ac signal of Ua, UN and is input to the PB0 end of single-chip microcomputer U2.Single-chip microcomputer U2 confirms sinusoidal wave zero crossing through the hopping edge that the PB0 end detects square wave; Accurate delay through single-chip microcomputer U2; The operate time of control magnetic latching relay J1, J2, J3; Make switch contact K1, K2, the K3 closed conducting when each phase voltage is maximum of relay J 1, J2, J3, realize the voltage zero-cross input and the current over-zero excision of capacitor.

Claims (1)

1. phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure, it is characterized in that: it comprises magnetic latching relay (J), diode (D) and synchronous detecting and control circuit, diode (D) is parallelly connected with the contact (K) of magnetic latching relay (J); Contact (K) end of magnetic latching relay (J) connects power supply one end, and the other end connects an end of capacitor (C), and the other end of capacitor (C) is connected to the other end of power supply; The input of synchronous detecting and control circuit is connected with signal source; The control wave that its output sends makes the coil magnetization of magnetic latching relay (J), makes contact (K) action, and capacitor (C) is in charged state when not putting into electrical network; When capacitor (C) drops into the electrical network action; Magnetic latching relay (J) is when line voltage is positive maximum, and contact (K) closure is when capacitor cuts out action from electrical network; Magnetic latching relay (J) is when line voltage is positive maximum, and contact (K) separates.
2. the phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise resistance (R), said diode (D) is with parallelly connected with the contact (K) of magnetic latching relay (J) again after resistance (R) is connected.
3. the phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said synchronous detecting and control circuit comprise single-chip microcomputer (U2), photoelectricity isolation zero cross detection circuit (U3) and relay drive circuit (U4); The input that photoelectricity is isolated zero cross detection circuit (U3) is connected with electrical network; Its output is connected with the input of single-chip microcomputer (U2), and the output of single-chip microcomputer (U2) is connected with the input of relay drive circuit (U4).
4. the phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the model of said single-chip microcomputer (U2) is ATMEGA16L.
5. the phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the photoelectrical coupler model that said photoelectricity is isolated zero cross detection circuit (U3) is TLP521.
6. the phased switched capacitor switch of low pressure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the relay chip for driving model of said relay drive circuit (U4) is M1416.
CN2011204795387U 2011-11-28 2011-11-28 Low-voltage phased switching capacitor switch Expired - Fee Related CN202353224U (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102420431A (en) * 2011-11-28 2012-04-18 吉林市龙华电力技术有限公司 Low-voltage phase control switch for mechanically switching capacitor
CN104300955A (en) * 2014-10-15 2015-01-21 南京诺联配电科技有限公司 Switching circuit used for switching capacitor and switching control method
CN108448590A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-08-24 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 A kind of device, method and system for inhibiting shunt capacitor inrush phenomenon

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102420431A (en) * 2011-11-28 2012-04-18 吉林市龙华电力技术有限公司 Low-voltage phase control switch for mechanically switching capacitor
CN104300955A (en) * 2014-10-15 2015-01-21 南京诺联配电科技有限公司 Switching circuit used for switching capacitor and switching control method
CN108448590A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-08-24 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 A kind of device, method and system for inhibiting shunt capacitor inrush phenomenon

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