CN202153406U - Magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument - Google Patents

Magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202153406U
CN202153406U CN201120203015XU CN201120203015U CN202153406U CN 202153406 U CN202153406 U CN 202153406U CN 201120203015X U CN201120203015X U CN 201120203015XU CN 201120203015 U CN201120203015 U CN 201120203015U CN 202153406 U CN202153406 U CN 202153406U
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suspension
dolly
magnetic
experiment instrument
permanent magnet
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CN201120203015XU
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Chinese (zh)
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张路一
景培书
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East China Normal University
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East China Normal University
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Abstract

The present utility model provides a magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument which is composed of a suspension dolly, a suspension track, an electromagnetic drive device and a power supply. The power supply is connected with the electromagnetic drive device, the suspension dolly is arranged above the suspension track, the electromagnetic drive device is arranged below the suspension dolly, the two sides of the suspension dolly are provided with dolly permanent magnetic arrays, and the suspension track is provided with a track permanent magnetic array. The magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument is a magnetic suspension movement instrument which combines the permanent magnetic suspension with the electromagnetic drive, is an experiment and teaching instrument provided with the function of probing the magnetic suspension movement principle, and can provide a practice platform with the subject probing value for elementary and higher physics teaching.

Description

A kind of magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument
Technical field
The utility model be a kind of based on electromagnetic principle, integrate the magnetic suspension movement appearance of permanent magnet suspension and Electromagnetic Drive, be the experiment teaching instrument that is used to probe into the magnetic suspension movement principle.
Background technology
The device of present existing displaying magnetic suspension movement principle mainly contains super-conductive magnetic suspension, permanent magnet suspension and electromagnetic suspension miniatures; Wherein in the majority with the super-conductive magnetic suspension model; This class model utilizes the characteristic of superconductor that car body is suspended; Utilize demonstrator's external force to make its motion, like the magnetic suspension train model of German IFW laboratory levitated superconducting magnet train model, The College of Physics of University Of Chongqing etc., simultaneously; The model that utilizes permanent magnet to make car body suspend and drive is fully also arranged, and the MAS that researches and develops like professor Wei Lehan of Shanghai normal university makes magnetic-levitation train model etc.But existing this type of magnetic suspension movement model is to put forth effort to show that it suspends part and ignores its drive part basically, all is only limited to the science popularization demo function simultaneously, and can not be used for education experiment.
The utility model has overcome the deficiency of similar miniatures in the above-mentioned prior art; A kind of magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument has been proposed; In conjunction with permanent magnet suspension and two kinds of technology of Electromagnetic Drive, make the magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument of the utility model can utilize the electromagnetics principle to realize the suspension and the motion of object.Device in the utility model is detachable, and is equipped with corresponding devices, and the utility model is not only the micro demonstrator of modern frontier science and technology, has simultaneously that science is probed into, the education and instruction function concurrently.
The utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument, it comprises suspension dolly, suspension railway, electromagnetic actuator device and power supply; Wherein, said power supply is connected with said electromagnetic actuator device, and said suspension dolly is arranged on said suspension railway top, and said electromagnetic actuator device is arranged on said suspension dolly below; Said suspension dolly both sides are provided with the dolly permanent magnet array, and said suspension railway is provided with the track permanent magnet array.
Wherein, said electromagnetic actuator device comprises silicon steel sheet, three-phase coil and aluminium flake; Said silicon steel sheet is arranged in the middle of the said suspension railway, is wound with three-phase coil on the said silicon steel sheet; Said aluminium flake and said silicon steel sheet are oppositely arranged on below, suspension dolly bottom.
Wherein, said dolly permanent magnet array comprises the magnet that is separately positioned in the face of the x row same magnetic on the both sides vehicle body of said suspension railway; Said track permanent magnet array comprises and is separately positioned on the inboard 2x+1 row magnet of said suspension railway, and wherein, magnet magnetic is different in 2x row magnet and the said dolly permanent magnet array, and magnet magnetic is identical in all the other magnets and the said dolly permanent magnet array.Wherein, x is more than or equal to 1.
Wherein, be provided with bearing pulley in said suspension dolly both sides.
Wherein, after the said three-phase coil energising, the travelling-magnetic-field of generation orders about said suspension dolly moving linearly on said suspension railway direction.
Wherein, the direction of said suspension moving of car realizes conversion through the direction of current that changes in the said three-phase coil.
Wherein, said three-phase coil is connected with the three-phase regulator that can change said supply voltage size.
Wherein, said three-phase regulator directly is connected with power supply.
Wherein, the distance between said aluminium flake and the said silicon steel sheet realizes regulating through the height that changes aluminium flake.
Wherein, said aluminium flake is connected with force transducer through lead, and said force transducer is connected with computer with data acquisition unit successively.
In the utility model, force transducer is meant the sensor that is used to measure stressed size in the digital information system (DIS).
This magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument has overcome the deficiency of existing miniatures; The bound fraction prior art; Propose the magnetic suspension movement model of permanent magnet suspension and Electromagnetic Drive be combined into, simultaneously, increased related device; Make model possess the function of inquiry experimental teaching, be used to probe into the magnetic suspension movement principle.
Particularly, a kind of magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument that can be used in the inquiry experimental teaching of the utility model can be divided into permanent magnet suspension system, electromagnetic driving system and experiments supporting device three parts, and package unit has detachable characteristics.Vertically equally spaced be fixed on the track for the magnet of different magnetic with 5 row are adjacent; Dolly is in the face of being fixed with identical and the magnet that magnetic is different of the 2nd, 4 row magnet height on 2 row and the track on the both sides vehicle body of track, thus the permanent magnet array that is formed for suspending.The bearing of being furnished with 4 guiding and the effect of reinforcement horizontal equilibrium on the dolly; Utilize the linear motor driving principle, by the rectangle aluminium flake, the three-phase coil that are in " suspension dolly " lower end, silicon steel sheet is formed electromagnetic driving system that driving force is provided; Device the utility model capable of using through being equipped with carries out experiments such as " probing into ' air gap ' highly to the influence of driving force ", " probing into the influence of conductive material to driving force ", " probing into the power supply mode of power supply ", " probe in the three-phase coil voltage swing to the influence of driving force ".
In order to realize above purpose, the utility model has adopted following technical scheme:
Adopt the permanent magnet suspension system device in the utility model, utilized interaction rule between permanent magnet to realize the suspension of dolly.This permanent magnet suspension system mainly is made up of dolly permanent magnet array and the inboard track permanent magnet array of suspension railway to the both sides of track above the suspension dolly vehicle body.Can know according to force analysis; This permanent magnet suspension system magnetic force in the horizontal direction; Because the symmetry that magnet is arranged; Can cancel out each other, i.e.
Figure 201120203015X100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
; And in the vertical direction;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
forms suspending power thus.The permanent magnet suspension system that this mode of foundation makes up; Make the suspension dolly have the suspension characteristic of in certain change in location scope " both anti-pressing down; put forward on anti-again ", therefore, the permanent magnet suspension system of the utility model is easy to make dolly to be in the stable suspersion state.Work as x=2 in the magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument in the utility model, promptly the track magnet is 5 row, and the magnet on the dolly is 2 row, can under a certain specific load-bearing of the utility model requires, make dolly keep stability preferably at the volley.Increase along with load-bearing requires can keep stability through increasing the magnet columns.Particularly; Every increase by one row magnet on the dolly (its magnetic should be identical with existing dolly suspension array magnetic); Then increase the different magnet of two row magnetic on the track suspended array accordingly, dolly that obtains and track suspended array still keep original sandwich corresponding relation.For instance, former dolly suspension array magnetic is (N-N), and then the track suspended array is (N-S-N-S-N), and dolly can keep balance in orbit; Become (N-N-N) when the dolly suspension array increases by a row magnet, then the track suspended array becomes (N-S-N-S-N-S-N).Under equilibrium state, the N magnetic magnet on the dolly should be all the time with track on S magnetic magnet relative.In the utility model, the concrete numerical value of x is relevant with the factors such as load-bearing requirement of system.
In addition, reach the stable equilibrium, also respectively added 2 guiding and the bearing pulley of strengthening the horizontal equilibrium effect in the dolly two sides of the utility model in order to make the suspension dolly.
Also having adopted electromagnetic actuator device in the utility model, utilized the driving principle of linear electric motors to realize to the suspension dolly effective driving being provided, is the main foundation that forms electromagnetic actuator device mentality of designing in the utility model.When with the elementary winding of linear electric motors when rectilinear direction is arranged according to certain rules; When passing to three-phase alternating current; Will produce " travelling-magnetic-field "; This " travelling-magnetic-field " meeting and the interaction that the derby that is in the dolly below has electromagnetic signature drive suspension dolly moving linearly thus.According to above mentality of designing, electromagnetic actuator device mainly is made up of the rectangle aluminium flake that is in " suspension dolly " lower end, three-phase coil, silicon steel sheet etc. in the utility model.Wherein, three-phase coil according to certain rules on silicon steel sheet, and silicon steel sheet is placed in the middle of the suspension railway.Aluminium flake is fixed on below the bottom of suspension dolly in this device, and with the three-phase coil of following tiling on the silicon steel sheet over against and keep suitable gap.Like this after passing to three-phase alternating current to three-phase coil; Will be under " travelling-magnetic-field " effect that three-phase coil produces; Make aluminium flake generate vortex current, this moment, aluminium flake promptly can receive a thrust that follows on the ripple direction under the interaction of travelling-magnetic-field and vortex current.
For making the utility model can be adapted to the use of all kinds of inquiry experiments, following place of matchmakers introduces the accessory of realizing teaching and experiential function.
Probing into " air gap " highly in the experiment to the influence of driving force, experiment apparatus mainly contains aluminium sheet that electromagnetic actuator device and three phase variable frequency AC power, specification are 129mm * 90mm * 2mm and aluminum bracket, force transducer (being accurate to 0.1N), three-phase regulator, data acquisition unit, computer, digital multimeter, minimum precision is the formations such as rule of 1mm.
In probing into the experiment of conductive material to the influence of driving force, it is the formations such as rule of 1mm that experiment apparatus mainly contains aluminium sheet, copper coin, iron plate, steel plate, magnesium plate and support, force transducer (being accurate to 0.1N), three-phase regulator, data acquisition unit, computer, digital multimeter, the minimum precision that electromagnetic actuator device and three phase variable frequency AC power, specification be 129mm * 90mm * 2mm.
In the experiment of the power supply mode of probing into power supply, experiment apparatus mainly contains electromagnetic actuator device and three phase variable frequency AC power, suspension dolly, force transducer (being accurate to 0.1N), three-phase regulator, data acquisition unit, computer and lead are some.
In probing into three-phase coil in the experiment of voltage swing to the influence of driving force, experiment apparatus mainly contains aluminium sheet that electromagnetic actuator device and three phase variable frequency AC power, specification are 129mm * 90mm * 2mm and aluminum bracket, force transducer (being accurate to 0.1N), three-phase regulator, data acquisition unit, computer, digital multimeter, minimum precision is the formations such as rule of 1mm.
This magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument is the magnetic suspension movement appearance that integrates permanent magnet suspension and Electromagnetic Drive, self possesses disassembled characteristics, and is furnished with the related experiment device, and it has been possessed as the function of probing into the experiment teaching instrument of magnetic suspension movement principle.This covering device has contained abundant subject knowledge, and simultaneously, it has realized the micro to modern frontier science and technology again, can be for just, high physics teaching provides has the platform of putting into practice that subject is probed into value.
Description of drawings
Shown in Figure 1 is the plan structure synoptic diagram of the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument.
Shown in Figure 2 is the sectional view of suspension dolly and suspension railway in the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument.
Shown in Figure 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of suspension dolly and suspension railway in the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument.
Shown in Figure 4 is the side view of suspension dolly and suspension railway in the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument.
Shown in Figure 5 is the rail side top view in the drive part in the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument.
Shown in Figure 6 is the curve map that air gap height h influences driving force F in the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument.
1 expression power supply in the accompanying drawing, 2 expression electromagnetic actuator devices, 3 expression suspension dollies, 4 expression suspension railways; 5 expression bearing pulleies, 6 expression aluminium flakes, 7 expression experimental wiring posts, 8 expression dolly permanent magnet arrays; 9 expression track permanent magnet arrays, 10 expression silicon steel sheets, 11 expression three-phase alternating current coils.
Embodiment:
In conjunction with following specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, the utility model to be done further to specify, the protection content of the utility model is not limited to following examples.Under spirit that does not deviate from inventive concept and scope, variation and advantage that those skilled in the art can expect all are included in the utility model, and are protection domain with the appending claims.
Embodiment 1
Like Fig. 1-the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument shown in Figure 4, it comprises suspension dolly 3, suspension railway 4, electromagnetic actuator device 2 and power supply 1; Wherein, power supply 1 is connected with electromagnetic actuator device 2, and suspension dolly 3 is arranged on suspension railway 4 tops, and electromagnetic actuator device 2 is arranged on suspension dolly 3 belows; Both sides vehicle body to track above the suspension dolly 3 is provided with dolly permanent magnet array 8, and suspension railway 4 inboards are provided with track permanent magnet array 9.
Wherein, electromagnetic actuator device 2 comprises silicon steel sheet 10, three-phase coil 11 and aluminium flake 6; Silicon steel sheet 10 is arranged in the middle of the suspension railway 4, is wound with three-phase coil 11 on the silicon steel sheet 10; Aluminium flake 6 is relative with silicon steel sheet 10, is arranged on suspension dolly 3 vehicle bodies below.The canoe of three-phase coil 11 on silicon steel sheet 10 is as shown in Figure 5, is one group with five blocks of silicon steel sheets 10, is wound with three-phase coil 11 on it.Be spaced apart a silicon steel sheet between the coil, the phase differential between the coil is 2/3 Π.
Wherein, The arrangement mode of track permanent magnet array 9 is that track inboard, both sides is placed with 5 row magnets respectively; Arrange the magnet that dissimilar polarities is arranged with every on the vertical direction of siding track upper edge at a distance from 5mm, promptly from top to bottom magnetic is N-S-N-S-N, and the magnet arrangement mode of two siding tracks is identical.The arrangement mode of said dolly permanent magnet array is to be in each row of the middle dolly vehicle body both sides of track to have 2 row magnetic to be all the magnet of N; Respectively with track on the 2nd and the 4th row magnet relatively and have different magnetic, magnet on the car body and the magnet horizontal range on the track are 3mm-4mm.It is the ferrite of 15cm*1cm*0.5cm that all magnets all adopt specification.Magnet magnetic in the utility model on the dolly vehicle body also can be S, and then when both sides on the dolly vehicle body had 2 row magnets respectively, the track suspended array should be S-N-S-N-S.
In the utility model, the quantity of dolly and track upper magnet is relevant with the factors such as load-bearing requirement of system.
Wherein, be provided with bearing pulley in suspension dolly both sides.Bearing pulley in the utility model is used to improve the stability of suspension dolly in the interorbital motion, and it can also use little structure of other friction factor or device to substitute, for example: magnet etc.
Wherein, after the three-phase coil energising, the travelling-magnetic-field of generation orders about suspension dolly moving linearly on the suspension railway direction, and the direction of suspension moving of car realizes conversion through the direction of current that changes in the three-phase coil.
Wherein, three-phase coil is connected with the three-phase regulator that can change the supply voltage size, and three-phase regulator directly is connected with three-phase alternating-current supply.
Wherein, the distance between aluminium flake and the silicon steel sheet realizes regulating through the height that changes aluminium flake.
Wherein, aluminium flake is connected with force transducer through lead, and force transducer is connected with computer with data acquisition unit successively.
As position shown in Figure 2 is regarded as the equilibrium position, then when the position of suspension dolly is higher than the equilibrium position, its suffered downward magnetic force will increase, and order about dolly and get back to the equilibrium position; Otherwise when the position of suspension dolly was lower than the equilibrium position, magnetic force change situation suffered on its vertical direction was then just in time opposite.That is to say according to the permanent magnet suspension system that this mode makes up, to have the suspension characteristic of in certain change in location scope " both anti-pressing down resists again and put forward ", therefore, it is easy to make dolly to be in the stable suspersion state.Further experiment is found, bigger if desired bearing capacity only needs to increase on the track and the quantity of car body upper magnet gets final product.
The Electromagnetic Drive part of this device, each phase voltage ratings is about about 60V in the adjusting three-phase alternating current coil, and the phase differential between coil is 2/3 Π; The sheet metal of dolly below is elected the aluminum conductive material as; Specification is 129mm * 90mm * 2mm, regulates sheet metal and track coil surface spacing from being about about 5mm energized; Make three-phase current all be in conducting state, the dolly setting in motion.Through changing direction of current, can change the trolley travelling direction.
Embodiment 2
Utilize the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument to probe into " air gap " highly to the influence of driving force; (material of selection is an aluminium sheet in holding current frequency, strength of current, sheet metal material; Its specification is under the constant situation of 129mm * 90mm * 2mm), changes the distance between same aluminium sheet and track coil surface successively h, realize the change that aluminium flake and track coil surface spacing leave through the height that changes support.Then; Aluminium flake links to each other aluminium flake through fixing fine rule on it with force transducer; Through the force transducer device with aluminium flake stressed size import computer into, draw the relation of the distance between driving force and aluminium flake-track coil surface, obtain experimental result as shown in table 1 below.
The data of table 1 for utilizing utility model to record, wherein hFor " air gap " highly, FThe horizontal actuator force that receives for aluminium sheet.
Table 1: air gap height and aluminium sheet stressing conditions
h/ cm 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
F/ N 0.32 0.23 0.17 0.14 0.11
Utilize in the Origin data processing software his-and-hers watches 1 and obtain curve as shown in Figure 6 after the Data Processing in Experiment.
Visible from Fig. 6, thrust FWith air gap hThe exponentially relation of successively decreasing , with document (Ou Yaohai, Liang Yaoqiang, Liu Zhouxing. linear electric motors ultimate principle and the application in float glass thereof. Chinese glass [J] .2002, the 3rd phase: 21-28) conclusion [1] matches.Therefore, utilize the utility model can accomplish " air gap " in the magnetic suspension movement ideally highly to the inquiry experiment of the influence of driving force.
Embodiment 3
When utilizing the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument to probe into conductive material to the influencing of driving force; Leave under the constant situation at holding current frequency, strength of current, sheet metal and track coil surface spacing; (specification is 129mm * 90mm * 2mm), the conductive material of unlike material is placed on the support, through being fixed in the fine rule on each conductive material to change the sheet metal material successively; Conductive material is connected with force transducer; Import the stressed size of each conductive material in experiment into computer through the force transducer device, thus the synoptic diagram that concerns between the driving force of drawing out and conductive material, the observation experiment result.
Embodiment 4
When utilizing the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument to probe into the power supply mode of power supply; Leave under the constant situation at holding current frequency, strength of current, sheet metal and track coil surface spacing; Through changing the difference of each phase current access experimental wiring post 7 in the three-phase alternating current; Change direction of current and the phase differential between coil in each coil; Through the force transducer device with aluminium flake stressed size and Orientation import computer into, thereby draw best power supply mode and the phase differential situation between each coil.
Embodiment 5
When utilizing the utility model magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument to probe into voltage swing in the three-phase coil to the influencing of driving force; (material of selection is an aluminium sheet in holding current frequency, sheet metal material; Its specification is that 129mm * 90mm * 2mm), sheet metal and track coil surface spacing are under constant situation; Utilize three-phase regulator to change voltage swing successively; Through the force transducer device with aluminium flake stressed size import computer into, thereby concern the observation experiment result between the driving force of drawing out and three-phase alternating voltage.

Claims (9)

1. a magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument is characterized in that, it comprises suspension dolly, suspension railway, electromagnetic actuator device and power supply; Wherein, said power supply is connected with said electromagnetic actuator device, and said suspension dolly is arranged on said suspension railway top, and said electromagnetic actuator device is arranged on said suspension dolly below; Said suspension dolly both sides are provided with the dolly permanent magnet array, and said suspension railway is provided with the track permanent magnet array.
2. magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said electromagnetic actuator device comprises silicon steel sheet, three-phase coil and aluminium flake; Said silicon steel sheet is arranged in the middle of the said suspension railway, is wound with three-phase coil on the said silicon steel sheet; Said aluminium flake and said silicon steel sheet are oppositely arranged on below, suspension dolly bottom.
3. magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said dolly permanent magnet array comprises the magnet that is separately positioned in the face of the x row same magnetic on the both sides vehicle body of said suspension railway; Said track permanent magnet array comprises and is separately positioned on the inboard 2x+1 row magnet of said suspension railway, and wherein, magnet magnetic is different in 2x row magnet and the said dolly permanent magnet array, and magnet magnetic is identical in all the other magnets and the said dolly permanent magnet array; Wherein, x is more than or equal to 1.
4. magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with bearing pulley in said suspension dolly both sides.
5. magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, after the said three-phase coil energising, the travelling-magnetic-field of generation orders about said suspension dolly moving linearly on said suspension railway direction.
6. magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the direction of said suspension moving of car realizes conversion through the direction of current that changes in the said three-phase coil.
7. magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said three-phase coil is connected with the three-phase regulator that can change said supply voltage size, and said three-phase regulator directly is connected with said power supply.
8. magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the distance between said aluminium flake and the said silicon steel sheet realizes regulating through the height that changes aluminium flake.
9. magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said aluminium flake is connected with force transducer through lead, and said force transducer is connected with computer with data acquisition unit successively.
CN201120203015XU 2011-06-16 2011-06-16 Magnetic suspension movement experiment instrument Expired - Fee Related CN202153406U (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104867393B (en) * 2015-05-21 2017-05-24 浙江大学 Magnetic suspension balance beam experiment device
CN110232854A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-09-13 西南交通大学 A kind of electrodynamics suspension presentation device of theory
CN110244243A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-09-17 西南交通大学 A kind of rotary permanent-magnet electrodynamics suspension, driving integrated testing device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104867393B (en) * 2015-05-21 2017-05-24 浙江大学 Magnetic suspension balance beam experiment device
CN110244243A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-09-17 西南交通大学 A kind of rotary permanent-magnet electrodynamics suspension, driving integrated testing device
CN110244243B (en) * 2019-06-17 2024-01-30 西南交通大学 Rotary permanent magnet electric suspension and driving integrated testing device
CN110232854A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-09-13 西南交通大学 A kind of electrodynamics suspension presentation device of theory
CN110232854B (en) * 2019-06-27 2024-01-02 西南交通大学 Electric suspension principle demonstration device

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Granted publication date: 20120229

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