CN202144789U - 一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端,涉及油田液氮输送装置。其包括壳体、柱塞、缸体、阀组、调整阀座及压盖,所述壳体内部设有相互连通的左、右空腔,在右空腔中依次套装有所述缸体,阀组、调整阀座及压盖。所述阀组包括阀座、安装于阀座内的高压阀及安装在柱塞和阀座之间的低压阀。所述缸体的外表设置有螺旋凹槽,缸体的左端设有连通螺旋凹槽与缸体内部的凹槽,壳体的侧壁上设置有通过螺旋凹槽相互连通的左、右溢流口。本实用新型的柱塞泵冷端具有输出压力高的特点,解决了普通的柱塞泵无法泵送超低温高压介质的问题;能通过溢流口将柱塞运行过程产生的热量散发掉,而且无需润滑油润滑,不仅提高了泵注能力,而且延长了冷端的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种油田液氮输送装置,尤其涉及一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端。
背景技术
近年来,随着压裂工艺在油田应用上的不断成熟,高压氮气的运用越来越多。普通的空分制氮设备直接产生的压缩氮气只能产生最高35MPa的排出压力,难以满足油田压裂的要求,这使如何产生高压的氮气成为一个难题。由于液氮是一种超低温的液体,沸点在负196摄氏度,对温度非常敏感,受液态氮的这种物理特征和液氮特殊工艺的影响,传统介质的注入装置,如油田注水用的注水泵,常规压裂用的压裂泵,均不适合低温液体的输送。因为普通结构的柱塞泵工作时容易将动力端摩擦产生的热量传递到泵送的液氮中从而导致液氮汽化,进而导致柱塞泵无法正常工作。
目前现有技术泵送液氮主要是一些低温低压的柱塞泵。由于柱塞在高速运动中产生的热量能使液氮气化,因此不能泵注高压液氮。而其它的压裂泵等在结构和密封上也无法满足液氮这种特殊介质的低温高压泵送,其原因是:压裂泵的柱塞和缸体之间没有密封环支撑,在高速运动中由于摩擦面大不仅容易产生更多热量,而且柱塞在运动中容易产生偏心,不利于高压泵送。
实用新型内容
本实用新型针对现有技术在泵注高压液氮方面的不足,提供一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端。其与动力端结合使用可获得高压液氮,再利用热交换设备可以得到100MPa以上氮气排出压力,完全满足压裂作业的压力要求。
本实用新型解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端,包括壳体、柱塞、缸体、阀组、调整阀座及压盖,所述壳体内部设有相互连通的左、右空腔,所述右空腔中依次套装有所述缸体,阀组、调整阀座及压盖,所述柱塞的右端与所述缸体套装连接,所述柱塞的左端穿过左空腔伸出所述壳体外,所述壳体左空腔内设有环绕所述柱塞的密封件。
所述缸体的外表设置有螺旋凹槽,所述缸体的左端设有连通螺旋凹槽与缸体内部的凹槽,所述壳体的侧壁上设置有通过所述螺旋凹槽相互连通的左、右溢流口。
所述阀组包括阀座、安装于阀座内的高压阀及安装在所述柱塞和所述阀座之间的低压阀,所述阀座的中心设有通孔。
本实用新型的有益效果:一是基于本实用新型的阀组结构,通过高压阀和低压阀的不断开关来完成将常压的超低温液氮转换为高压液氮排出,具有输出压力高的特点,解决了普通的柱塞泵无法提高泵送压力的问题;二是由于在缸体内壁设置有与缸体内部相通的螺旋凹槽,在壳体的侧壁上设置有与螺旋凹槽相互连通的左、右溢流口,极小数量的液氮可以通过柱塞和缸体的缝隙进入溢流口将柱塞运行过程产生的热量散发掉,不仅提高了泵注能力,而且延长了冷端的使用寿命;三是该装置不需要采用润滑油对冷端柱塞进行润滑和冷却,使得使用和维护比较方便。而且还可以通过增加柱塞直径来加大高压液氮的排量,具有排量大的优点。
在上述技术方案的基础上,本实用新型还可以做如下改进。
所述低压阀包括环形阀片及低压阀回位弹簧。其阀片和弹簧的结合可使低压入口的通道在柱塞吸入时低压阀打开,在柱塞压缩时关闭。
所述高压阀包括阀杆及高压阀回位弹簧。其高压阀回位弹簧可使高压阀复位,关闭高压出口。
所述壳体上设有低压入口,所述低压入口经过设置于所述阀座上的通道及低压阀与所述缸体的泵腔连通,所述调整阀组上设有高压排出口,所述高压排出口经过高压阀及阀座与所述缸体的泵腔连通。如此形成了液氮介质从低压到高压的通道。
所述柱塞中部直径小于两端直径,在所述柱塞的变径部位与所述缸体之间形成环形空腔,所述环形空腔与所述溢流口通过凹槽相连通。采用该方案的有益效果是使液氮流经柱塞和缸体之间的缝隙,带走柱塞摩擦产生的热量的通道更顺畅。
在所述调整阀座和所述压盖之间还设有圆盘,在所述压盖上设有用于压紧所述圆盘的压盖螺栓;所述压盖与所述壳体之间螺纹连接。
采用上述结构可以通过调整压盖螺栓来推动圆盘使其压紧调整阀座,保证在高压作业时高压端不泄露液氮。
所述柱塞上设有密封环。通常设有两道以上的密封环,各道密封环的接口位置相互错开一定的角度,以保证达到对运动柱塞密封效果的同时,有益于极小数量的液氮通过柱塞和缸体的缝隙进入溢流口时,更大范围的接触柱塞表面,从而更好的将柱塞运行过程产生的热量散发掉。另外也保证了柱塞运动的稳定和不偏心。
所述壳体的左端设有用于与液压泵动力端相连接的外螺纹。这样方便了冷端和动力端的连接。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端的结构示意图;
图2为图1中缸体的结构示意图。
1、调整阀座,2、压盖螺栓,3、压盖,4、圆盘,5、高压阀回位弹簧,6、阀座,7、高压阀,8、低压阀,9、低压阀回位弹簧,10、溢流口,11、柱塞,12、缸体,13、密封件,14、壳体,15、低压入口,16、高压排出口,17、螺旋凹槽,18、外螺纹,19、环形空腔,20、通道,21、凹槽,22、密封环。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本实用新型的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本实用新型,并非用于限定本实用新型的范围。
如图1、图2所示,一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端,包括壳体14、柱塞11、缸体12、阀组、调整阀座1及压盖3,所述壳体14内部设有相互连通的左、右空腔,右空腔中依次套装有所述缸体12,阀组、调整阀座1及压盖3,所述柱塞11的右端与缸体12套装连接,所述柱塞11的左端穿过左空腔伸出壳体14外,所述壳体14左空腔内设有环绕柱塞11的密封件13。
所述缸体12的外表设置有螺旋凹槽17,所述缸体12的左端设有连通螺旋凹槽17与缸体12内部的凹槽21,所述壳体14的侧壁上设置有通过螺旋凹槽17相互连通的左、右溢流口10。
所述阀组包括阀座6,安装于阀座内的高压阀7及安装在柱塞11和阀座6之间的低压阀8,所述阀座6的中心设有通孔。
所述低压阀8包括环形阀片及低压阀回位弹簧9。
所述高压阀7包括阀杆及高压阀回位弹簧5。
所述壳体14上设有低压入口15,所述低压入口15经过设置于阀座6上的通道20及低压阀8与缸体12的泵腔连通,所述调整阀组1上设有高压排出口16,所述高压排出口16经过高压阀7及阀座6与所述缸体12的泵腔连通。
所述柱塞11中部直径小于两端直径,在所述柱塞11的变径部位与缸体12之间形成环形空腔19,所述环形空腔19与溢流口10通过凹槽21相连通。
在所述调整阀座1和所述压盖3之间还设有圆盘4,在所述压盖3上设有用于压紧圆盘4的压盖螺栓2;所述压盖3与所述壳体14之间螺纹连接。
所述柱塞11上设有两道以上的密封环22。
所述壳体14的左端设有用于与液压泵动力端相连接的外螺纹18。
本实用新型的工作原理如下:当柱塞11向左滑动时,液氮由低压入口15进入,按图1中箭头所示方向流动,经过阀座6上的通道20和低压阀8之后进入缸体12。此过程中柱塞11移动产生的负压与具有一定压力的液氮共同克服低压阀回位弹簧9的弹力,推动低压阀片向左移动,使低压阀8与阀座6的接触面进行分离,从而保证液氮顺畅的流进缸体12内。当柱塞11向右滑行时,压缩液氮产生的高压克服低压阀回位弹簧9的弹力,使低压阀片与阀座6重合,堵住通道20,使高压液氮无法倒流回低压吸入口15。而高压的液氮克服高压阀回位弹簧5的弹力,使高压阀7的阀杆和阀座6的接触面分离,液氮按照箭头所示方向流动,通过调整阀座1从高压排出口16中排出。
密封件13的主要作用是密封液氮,防止缸体12中的液氮通过柱塞11泄漏到外界。
柱塞11不断进行往复运动会产生大量的热量,需要依靠液氮来进行润滑和冷却,其冷却原理如下:液氮流经柱塞11和缸体12之间的缝隙,带走柱塞11摩擦产生的热量,最后通过两个溢流口10返回到液氮罐中再利用或者直接排放到空气中。
另外,在使用液氮泵前,需要对液氮泵冷端的泵腔进行预冷处理,方法是以增压的方式液氮从低压入口15进入泵腔,并流经柱塞11和缸体12之间的缝隙再进入缸体12的螺旋凹槽17,然后从两个的溢流口10流到储罐内。液氮吸收了缸体12及柱塞11的热量,对液氮泵的泵腔进行预冷,从而避免了液氮泵输液氮时,液氮碰到冷端泵腔而气化的现象。
压盖3通过螺纹与冷端壳体14进行连接,利用压盖螺栓2的旋紧推动圆盘4使其压紧调整阀座1,保证在高压作业时高压端不泄露液氮。
冷端壳体14采用螺纹连接的方式可以非常方便的与液氮泵动力端连接,拆卸更加方便。
采用本实用新型的一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端的液氮泵,首先利用液氮泵的冷端将低压液氮加压成高压液氮,再利用热交换将高压液氮转换成高压氮气的方式排出,这种方法可以成功获得100MPa以上氮气排出压力,完全满足压裂作业的压力要求。该液氮泵在油田拌注压裂、拌注酸化、氮气气举、油田试压等场合应用广泛。
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本实用新型,凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种低温高压柱塞泵冷端,包括壳体(14)、柱塞(11)、缸体(12)、阀组、调整阀座(1)及压盖(3),其特征在于:所述壳体(14)内部设有相互连通的左、右空腔,所述右空腔中依次套装有所述缸体(12)、阀组、调整阀座(1)及压盖(3),所述柱塞(11)的右端与所述缸体(12)套装连接,所述柱塞的左端穿过左空腔伸出所述壳体(14)外,所述壳体(14)左空腔内设有环绕所述柱塞(11)的密封件(13);
所述缸体(12)的外表设置有螺旋凹槽(17),所述缸体(12)的左端设有连通螺旋凹槽(17)与缸体(12)内部的凹槽(21),所述壳体(14)的侧壁上设置有通过所述螺旋凹槽(17)相互连通的左、右溢流口(10);
所述阀组包括阀座(6)、安装于阀座(6)内的高压阀(7)及安装在所述柱塞(11)和所述阀座(6)之间的低压阀(8),所述阀座(6)的中心设有通孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温高压柱塞泵冷端,其特征在于:所述低压阀(8)包括环形阀片及低压阀回位弹簧(9),所述高压阀(7)包括阀杆及高压阀回位弹簧(5)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低温高压柱塞泵冷端,其特征在于:所述壳体(14)上设有低压入口(15),所述低压入口(15)经过设置于所述阀座(6)上的通道(20)及低压阀(8)与所述缸体(12)的泵腔连通,所述调整阀组(1)上设有高压排出口(16),所述高压排出口(16)经过高压阀(7)及阀座(6)与所述缸体(12)的泵腔连通。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低温高压柱塞泵冷端,其特征在于:所述柱塞(11)中部直径小于两端直径,在所述柱塞(11)的变径部位与所述缸体(12)之间形成环形空腔(19),所述环形空腔(19)与所述溢流口(10)通过凹槽(21)相连通。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的低温高压柱塞泵冷端,其特征在于:在所述调整阀座(1)和所述压盖(3)之间还设有圆盘(4),在所述压盖(3)上设有用于压紧所述圆盘(4)的压盖螺栓(2)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的低温高压柱塞泵冷端,其特征在于:所述压盖(3)与所述壳体(14)之间螺纹连接。
7.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的低温高压柱塞泵冷端,其特征在于:所述柱塞(11)上设有密封环(22)。
8.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的低温高压柱塞泵冷端,其特征在于:所述壳体(14)的左端设有用于与液压泵动力端相连接的外螺纹(18)。
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