CN202057295U - Measuring device used in cylindricity error measuring method - Google Patents
Measuring device used in cylindricity error measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种圆柱度误差测量方法所用的测量装置,其是由底座、螺栓、弹簧卡头、测量辅助外电极、测量电路、测量主外电极、内电极、弹簧和绝缘垫片、绝缘层构成,底座内部为中空形式,螺栓从底座的底部穿过,螺栓上套设弹簧后螺接在弹簧卡头的底部,弹簧卡头上置放内电极,所述的内电极是标准圆柱体或被测圆柱型工件,测量主外电极和测量辅助外电极位于内电极的外周,测量辅助外电极间隔绝缘垫片设置在底座上,测量主外电极间隔绝缘层设置在测量辅助外电极之上,测量主外电极的内表面积大于测量辅助外电极的内表面积;本实用新型温度稳定性好,结构简单,动态响应好,具有较高的抗干扰性,适合于各种工作环境。
The utility model discloses a measuring device used in a cylindricity error measuring method, which comprises a base, a bolt, a spring clip, a measuring auxiliary external electrode, a measuring circuit, a measuring main external electrode, an internal electrode, a spring and an insulating gasket, Insulation layer, the inside of the base is hollow, the bolts pass through the bottom of the base, the bolts are sleeved with springs and then screwed to the bottom of the spring clamp, and the internal electrode is placed on the spring clamp, and the internal electrode is a standard cylinder body or a cylindrical workpiece to be measured, the measuring main external electrode and the measuring auxiliary external electrode are located on the outer periphery of the internal electrode, the measuring auxiliary external electrode spacer insulating gasket is set on the base, and the measuring main external electrode spacer insulating layer is set between the measuring auxiliary external electrodes On the other hand, the internal surface area of the main measuring external electrode is larger than that of the auxiliary measuring external electrode; the utility model has good temperature stability, simple structure, good dynamic response, high anti-interference performance, and is suitable for various working environments.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种圆柱度误差测量方法所用的测量装置。The utility model relates to a measuring device used in a cylindricity error measuring method.
背景技术 Background technique
检测就是确定被测对象的量值而进行的测量,它是工业生产、国防建设、科学研究以及日常生活中的各个领域不可或缺的一项重要工作,检测质量的好坏不仅影响到企业的经济效益、人民生活水平质量的高低,甚至于能决定一个国家在全球工业环境中的地位。检测的目的主要是获得被测对象的有用表征定量信息,为整个生产控制过程和工艺设计过程提供可靠依据,例如对象的性能及状态等。Detection is the measurement to determine the value of the measured object. It is an indispensable and important task in various fields of industrial production, national defense construction, scientific research and daily life. The quality of detection not only affects the enterprise Economic benefits and the quality of people's living standards can even determine a country's status in the global industrial environment. The purpose of detection is mainly to obtain useful characterization and quantitative information of the measured object, and provide reliable basis for the entire production control process and process design process, such as the performance and status of the object.
目前的圆柱度的测量方法综述:Overview of current measurement methods for cylindricity:
圆柱度误差是指实际被测圆柱面对于其理想圆柱面的变动量,误差评定的前提是其理想圆柱面位置的确定,理想圆柱面的选取应满足最小条件,即使实际被测要素相对理想要素的最大变动量为最小。圆柱度误差的测量方法大体上分为两大类:1.理想要素比较原则,应用圆度仪或者是万能坐标测量机,使仪器的轴线与被测零件的轴线同轴,记录下回转一周过程中测量截面上所测点的半径差,此种方法符合圆柱度误差的定义,是一种比较理想的测量方法;2.特征参数近似法,使用V型块平板,坐标指示器等仪器,这种方法的精度和测量效率较低,而且存在测量力的影响,是一种近似的测量方法。The cylindricity error refers to the amount of variation between the actual measured cylindrical surface and its ideal cylindrical surface. The premise of error evaluation is the determination of the position of the ideal cylindrical surface. The selection of the ideal cylindrical surface should meet the minimum conditions, even if the actual measured elements are relatively ideal. The maximum variation is the minimum. The measurement methods of cylindricity error are generally divided into two categories: 1. The principle of ideal element comparison, using a roundness meter or a universal coordinate measuring machine, make the axis of the instrument coaxial with the axis of the measured part, and record the process of one revolution The radius difference of the measured points on the middle measurement section, this method conforms to the definition of cylindricity error, and is an ideal measurement method; 2. The characteristic parameter approximation method, using V-shaped block plates, coordinate indicators and other instruments, this The accuracy and measurement efficiency of this method are low, and there is the influence of measurement force, so it is an approximate measurement method.
20世纪50年代,国外就出现了三坐标测量机,该设备应用范围广,可以作用于轴类零件、箱体、平面等复杂零件,能检测位置、距离、尺寸、角度、形状误差和位置误差等,功能齐全,历来有万能测量机之称。三坐标测量机不断自我发展与完善,在欧美等发达地区广泛应用和推广,据1992年全世界三坐标测量机的统计资料,欧美等发达国家拥有全世界三坐标测试仪总数的85%,为欧美机械行业的质量保证提供了有力的技术支持。In the 1950s, a three-coordinate measuring machine appeared abroad. This equipment has a wide range of applications. It can act on complex parts such as shaft parts, boxes, and planes, and can detect position, distance, size, angle, shape error, and position error. etc., with complete functions, it has always been known as a universal measuring machine. Three-coordinate measuring machines continue to develop and improve themselves, and are widely used and promoted in developed regions such as Europe and the United States. According to the statistics of three-coordinate measuring machines in the world in 1992, developed countries such as Europe and the United States own 85% of the total number of three-coordinate measuring machines in the world, which is The quality assurance of European and American machinery industry provides strong technical support.
目前,数字图像技术在几何测量上的应用技术在国外已经成熟,德国Mahr、英国Tayler-Hobson、美国的OGP等公司均已生产出带有CCD测量头的非接触仪器,产品系列化不断升级,很好的满足了检测技术的需求。这种方法结合了光学成像技术和计算机图像处理技术,使测量的精度达到了较高的水准,测量时已被测对象作为检测和传递信息的手段或是载体,测量头实际上就是一个CCD摄像机,图像处理的目的是从图像中提取有用的信号,分析并且得到期望的被侧几何参数。At present, the application technology of digital image technology in geometric measurement has matured abroad. Companies such as Mahr in Germany, Tayler-Hobson in the United Kingdom, and OGP in the United States have all produced non-contact instruments with CCD measuring heads, and the serialization of products has been continuously upgraded. It satisfies the needs of detection technology very well. This method combines optical imaging technology and computer image processing technology to make the measurement accuracy reach a higher level. During the measurement, the measured object is used as a means or carrier for detection and transmission of information. The measuring head is actually a CCD camera. , the purpose of image processing is to extract useful signals from the image, analyze and obtain the expected lateral geometric parameters.
国内的第一台计算机控制的圆柱度测量仪是由北京机电研究院研制的,可用最小二乘法等评定圆柱度误差;新型五坐标回转体测量仪由大连理工大学开发成功,能测量圆度、锥度、圆柱度以及组合体类的回转零件内外型面的轮廓误差;东北大学机械工程学院自主开发研制“XWY-1”型行位误差测量仪,于1993年12月通过国家技术监督局鉴定。The first computer-controlled cylindricity measuring instrument in China was developed by the Beijing Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, and the cylindricity error can be evaluated by the least square method; the new five-coordinate rotating body measuring instrument was successfully developed by Dalian University of Technology, which can measure roundness, Contour, cylindricity, and contour errors of internal and external surfaces of rotary parts of composites; Northeastern University School of Mechanical Engineering independently developed the "XWY-1" type line error measuring instrument, which passed the appraisal of the State Bureau of Technical Supervision in December 1993.
光电塞规是一种新型的孔径专用检测仪器,主要由塞规测头、光电传感器和数字显示装置组成,对光电测长仪的合理应用是它的成功之处,相对于传统的塞规大大提高了测量的精度、使用的效率和其它功能,可以准确测出试件的圆度、锥度、圆柱度,还可以测孔的喇叭口、孔内局部凹凸、塌边、腰鼓度等。还有一种新型的应用光纤传感器的观点塞规,是使用反射式调制型光纤传感器,该传感器由接收光纤和发射光纤组成,利用接收光纤和被测物体相对位置变化时,接收光纤接收回来的光强也随之变化的原理来获得物体的位移量。美国Edmond公司和日本TOSOK公司的精密气动量仪,国内思科博生产的数字气动量仪,其分辨率都达到了0.1μm。数字式气动量仪可以实现绝对值的显示,测量结果可直接打印或者是存入计算机内,可编程并可实现自动化。Photoelectric plug gauge is a new type of special measuring instrument for aperture, which is mainly composed of plug gauge head, photoelectric sensor and digital display device. The reasonable application of photoelectric length measuring instrument is its success. Compared with traditional plug gauge It improves the measurement accuracy, efficiency and other functions. It can accurately measure the roundness, taper, and cylindricity of the test piece, and can also measure the bell mouth of the hole, local concave-convex inside the hole, sag, waist bulge, etc. There is also a new type of plug gauge that uses a fiber optic sensor, which uses a reflective modulated fiber optic sensor. The sensor is composed of a receiving fiber and a transmitting fiber. The principle of strong and corresponding changes is used to obtain the displacement of the object. The precision pneumatic measuring instruments of Edmond Company of the United States and TOSOK Company of Japan, and the digital pneumatic measuring instruments produced by Si Kebo in China, have a resolution of 0.1 μm. The digital pneumatic measuring instrument can realize the display of absolute value, the measurement result can be directly printed or stored in the computer, programmable and automatic.
目前CCD测量技术在国内的研究还不太完整;光电塞规对于操作环境的要求较高,适用于测量室等环境下;气动量仪需要一个稳定的气源,这些都限制了在工厂等环境下对大规模的零件生产进行快速准确的测量。At present, the research on CCD measurement technology in China is not complete; the photoelectric plug gauge has high requirements for the operating environment and is suitable for environments such as measurement rooms; Fast and accurate measurements for mass production of parts.
实用新型内容 Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种圆柱度误差测量方法所用的测量装置。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a measuring device used in a cylindricity error measuring method.
圆柱度误差测量方法是:Cylindricity error measurement methods are:
先将两个标准的不同直径的圆柱体放入到电容式传感器中,测量电路中的电容式传感器从两个标准的不同直径的圆柱体上获得检测的电容数值,测得的二个电容数值Cmin和Cmax,被测圆柱型工件圆柱度公差所对应的电容数值的范围C是:Cmin≤C≤Cmax;First put two standard cylinders with different diameters into the capacitive sensor, the capacitive sensor in the measurement circuit obtains the detected capacitance value from the two standard cylinders with different diameters, and the measured two capacitance values C min and C max , the range C of the capacitance value corresponding to the cylindricity tolerance of the measured cylindrical workpiece is: C min ≤ C ≤ C max ;
再将被测圆柱型工件放入电容式传感器中,测量电路中的电容式传感器从被测圆柱型工件上获得检测的电容数值,如果测得的电容数值C在Cmin≤C≤Cmax范围内,则被测圆柱型工件的圆柱度合格;如果测得的电容数值C不在Cmin≤C≤Cmax范围内,则被测圆柱型工件的圆柱度不合格。Then put the measured cylindrical workpiece into the capacitive sensor, the capacitive sensor in the measurement circuit obtains the detected capacitance value from the measured cylindrical workpiece, if the measured capacitance value C is in the range of C min ≤ C ≤ C max If the measured capacitance value C is not within the range of C min ≤ C ≤ C max , the cylindricity of the measured cylindrical workpiece is unqualified.
本实用新型为电容式传感器,该电容式传感器的结构是由底座、螺栓、弹簧卡头、测量辅助外电极、测量电路、测量主外电极、内电极、弹簧和绝缘垫片、绝缘层构成,底座内部为中空形式,螺栓从底座的底部穿过,螺栓上套设弹簧后螺接在弹簧卡头的底部,弹簧卡头上置放内电极,所述的内电极是标准圆柱体或被测圆柱型工件,测量主外电极和测量辅助外电极位于内电极的外周,测量辅助外电极间隔绝缘垫片设置在底座上,测量主外电极间隔绝缘层设置在测量辅助外电极之上,测量电路用于检测测量主外电极和测量辅助外电极与内电极之间的电容数值,测量主外电极的内表面积大于测量辅助外电极的内表面积,测量主外电极与内电极之间的电容数值是C1,测量辅助外电极与内电极之间的电容数值是C2,测量外电极与内电极之间的电容数值是C=C1-C2,测量主外电极和测量辅助外电极二电极的设置是为了降低外部环境对测量数值的干扰。弹簧卡头和螺栓的设置是为了调整弹簧卡头之上的内电极与测量主外电极和测量辅助外电极之间的同轴度。The utility model is a capacitive sensor. The structure of the capacitive sensor is composed of a base, a bolt, a spring chuck, a measuring auxiliary external electrode, a measuring circuit, a measuring main external electrode, an internal electrode, a spring, an insulating gasket, and an insulating layer. The inside of the base is hollow, the bolts pass through the bottom of the base, the bolts are sleeved with springs and then screwed to the bottom of the spring clamp, and the internal electrode is placed on the spring clamp, and the internal electrode is a standard cylinder or the measured Cylindrical workpiece, the measuring main external electrode and the measuring auxiliary external electrode are located on the outer periphery of the internal electrode, the measuring auxiliary external electrode spacer insulating gasket is set on the base, the measuring main external electrode spacer insulating layer is set on the measuring auxiliary external electrode, and the measuring circuit It is used to detect and measure the capacitance value between the main external electrode and the auxiliary external electrode and the internal electrode. The internal surface area of the main external electrode is larger than the internal surface area of the auxiliary external electrode. The capacitance value between the main external electrode and the internal electrode is C 1 , measuring the capacitance value between the auxiliary external electrode and the internal electrode is C 2 , measuring the capacitance value between the external electrode and the internal electrode is C=C 1 -C 2 , measuring the two electrodes of the main external electrode and the auxiliary external electrode The setting is to reduce the interference of the external environment on the measured value. The setting of the spring chuck and the bolt is to adjust the coaxiality between the inner electrode on the spring chuck and the main measuring external electrode and the measuring auxiliary external electrode.
所述的底座、测量主外电极和测量辅助外电极的外周套设有护罩套筒。The outer periphery of the base, the measuring main external electrode and the measuring auxiliary external electrode is provided with a shield sleeve.
本实用新型的有益效果是:本实用新型温度稳定性好,结构简单,动态响应好,具有较高的抗干扰性,适合于各种工作环境。The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model has good temperature stability, simple structure, good dynamic response, high anti-interference performance, and is suitable for various working environments.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
请参阅图1所示,本实用新型为电容式传感器,所述电容式传感器的结构是由底座1、螺栓2、弹簧卡头3、测量辅助外电极4、测量电路5、测量主外电极6、内电极7、弹簧8和绝缘垫片9、绝缘层10构成,底座1内部为中空形式,螺栓2从底座1的底部穿过,螺栓2上套设弹簧8后螺接在弹簧卡头3的底部,弹簧卡头3上置放内电极7,所述的内电极7是标准圆柱体或被测圆柱型工件,测量主外电极6和测量辅助外电极4位于内电极7的外周,测量辅助外电极4间隔绝缘垫片9设置在底座1上,测量主外电极6间隔绝缘层10设置在测量辅助外电极4之上,测量电路5用于检测测量主外电极6和测量辅助外电极4与内电极7之间的电容数值,测量主外电极6的内表面积大于测量辅助外电极4的内表面积,测量主外电极6与内电极7之间的电容数值是C1,测量辅助外电极4与内电极7之间的电容数值是C2,测量外电极与内电极7之间的电容数值是C=C1-C2,测量主外电极6和测量辅助外电极4二电极的设置是为了降低外部环境对测量数值的干扰。弹簧卡头3和螺栓2的设置为了调整弹簧卡头3之上的内电极7与测量主外电极6和测量辅助外电极4之间的同轴度。Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, the utility model is capacitive sensor, and the structure of described capacitive sensor is by base 1,
所述的底座1、测量主外电极6和测量辅助外电极4的外周套设有护罩套筒11。The outer periphery of the base 1 , the measuring main external electrode 6 and the measuring auxiliary external electrode 4 is provided with a
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Cited By (7)
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CN102252600A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-11-23 | 长春工业大学 | Capacitive transducer-based cylindricity deviation measuring method and device |
CN106152991A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-11-23 | 自贡硬质合金有限责任公司 | Shaft sleeve parts inner and outer diameter measurement equipment |
CN106595552A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 西安航天动力机械厂 | Method for calculating diameter accuracy of spinning cylindrical member |
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CN110145993A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-20 | 中国计量大学 | Device and method for measuring inner diameter and cylindricity of circular hole of hydraulic valve body of contact excavator |
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CN102252600A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-11-23 | 长春工业大学 | Capacitive transducer-based cylindricity deviation measuring method and device |
CN102252600B (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-11-28 | 长春工业大学 | Capacitive transducer-based cylindricity deviation measuring method and device |
CN104634864B (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2018-04-20 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of metal magnetic memory sensor vertical fixing device |
CN106152991A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-11-23 | 自贡硬质合金有限责任公司 | Shaft sleeve parts inner and outer diameter measurement equipment |
CN106152991B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2019-01-11 | 自贡硬质合金有限责任公司 | Shaft sleeve parts inner and outer diameter measurement equipment |
CN106595552A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 西安航天动力机械厂 | Method for calculating diameter accuracy of spinning cylindrical member |
CN109556508A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 住友橡胶工业株式会社 | Tire inner surface shape measuring apparatus and tire inner surface process for measuring shape |
CN110145993A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-20 | 中国计量大学 | Device and method for measuring inner diameter and cylindricity of circular hole of hydraulic valve body of contact excavator |
CN114485363A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-13 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Cylindrical metal body clamping and non-contact positioning measurement device |
CN114485363B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-09-29 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Cylindrical metal body clamping and non-contact type positioning measurement device |
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