CN202043110U - Full light generator for ultra wide band multi-cycle pulse signals - Google Patents

Full light generator for ultra wide band multi-cycle pulse signals Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202043110U
CN202043110U CN2011200549398U CN201120054939U CN202043110U CN 202043110 U CN202043110 U CN 202043110U CN 2011200549398 U CN2011200549398 U CN 2011200549398U CN 201120054939 U CN201120054939 U CN 201120054939U CN 202043110 U CN202043110 U CN 202043110U
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optical
fiber type
port
polarization controller
laser
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叶晨晖
付宏燕
程雯
陈彪
何赛灵
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a full light generator for ultra wide band multi-cycle pulse signals. The traditional pulse signal generator has high complexity and low system stability. The full light generator adopts laser arrays with the fixed wave length intervals and a section of optical fiber Bragg grating arrays curved with reflecting wave lengths corresponding to each sub laser wave length in the array laser, the ultra wide band single-cycle pulse signals can be respectively obtained from each sub laser, the sub laser number in the laser array, the polarization state, the output power and relative distances of each section of the optical fiber Bragg grating arrays are optimized and controlled, and multi-cycle ultra wide band pulse signal sequences with a high frequency spectrum utilization rate under the Federal Communications Commission Standard are generated after the photoelectric conversion of a high-speed photoelectric probe. The full light generator has the advantages that the cost and the structural complexity are low, and the electromagnetic interference is avoided.

Description

The full optical generator of the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband
Technical field
The utility model belongs to microwave photon and learns and the optical communication technique field, relate to and utilize microwave photon to learn a skill the high-speed-differential nonreturn to zero code data flow up to hundreds of million is realized real-time format conversion on the light territory, produce the ultra broadband form pulse data stream that satisfies FCC's standard in real time.
Background technology
Ultra-wideband communications is an emerging technology that had just grown up in recent years, because it is low that it has transmitting power, compatible good with other system, good concealment, the transmission rate height, the advantage that the big and multi-path resolved ability of the spatial content of system waits traditional wireless communication to satisfy by force is so it all has enormous function and Application Prospect in civilian and military project.
Yet having huge advantage in the short-distance wireless communication field, the ultra-broadband signal technology but can't realize covering dual character with long-distance transmissions on a large scale.How to realize taking into account to both, the scientists in this field, the whole world just is being devoted to propose new scheme, utilize design cleverly and consummate manufacturing process, create the new technology that possesses performance and cost double dominant than the existing method of utilizing circuit design to produce ultra-wideband impulse signal more.The fiber optics signal processing technology is as a kind of technology of novelty, with respect to the traditional circuit design, having many outstanding advantages such as low-loss, super large bandwidth, anti-electromagnetic interference provides brand-new solution suggestion and scheme for handling at high speed information to a difficult problem that is run into it.Technological innovation of Yin Faing and industrial integration thus becomes at present the focus that this field internal medicine scholars study already.
And two key technologies are arranged in optical means produces the research of ultra-wideband impulse signal are emphasis in this research focus: one, and the generation technique of ultra-wideband impulse signal; Two, the data message of forms such as nonreturn to zero code is carried out a yard type conversion, the information that is about on the nonreturn to zero code data is copied on the ultra-wideband impulse signal that is produced fully.For the generation of first ultra-wideband impulse signal, be subjected to the restriction of FCC's standard, there is the low situation of the availability of frequency spectrum in the ultra-wideband impulse signal that existing optical means produces.Ultra-wideband impulse signal, can be divided into single-revolution ripple and how all wave impulses according to impulse form, the availability of frequency spectrum of single-revolution wave impulse under FCC's standard be less than 1%, and the U.S. and Canadian scientist how all wave pulse signals of research and design can be near 90% in theory.As seen, design more exquisite stable and to possess how all wave pulse signals that commercialization promotes be a research that has great significance.Information reproduction and loading for second pulse signals that relates to, existing ultra-wideband impulse signal optics produces the expense that scheme mostly needs to use the extra Digital Signal Processing of expensive equipment such as AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) and needs, the process of duplicating and loading of UWB Pulses Generation Based and data message disconnects and independent, and this has made obstruction in commercialization and the practicability to ultra-broadband signal aspect equipment complexity and the development cost two.
Summary of the invention
The utility model has proposed to utilize the new structure of optical fiber Sagnac ring structure and polarized controller at the deficiencies in the prior art, has realized that the difference nonreturn to zero code data in real time with input is converted to the function of the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband.This full optical generator is for the laser beam of a certain wavelength in the array laser, by in optical fiber Sagnac ring structure, stand to modulate, time-delay and optical coherence beat frequency be converted to difference nonreturn to zero code data the super burst pulse data sequence of two class Gaussians with positive polarity and negative polarity.Control two pulse train polarization state of light, and arrive the time difference of polarization mixer, obtain one group of single-revolution ripple (the super burst pulse of class Gaussian by one positive one negative two polarity closely rearranges) ultra-wideband impulse signal of the laser correspondence of a certain wavelength.In the utility model, use have fixed wave length at interval laser array and one section inscription have with array laser in the Bragg grating row optical fiber of the corresponding reflection wavelength of each sub-optical maser wavelength, all above-mentioned ultra broadband single-revolution wave pulse signal will be obtained respectively by each sub-laser, by the sub-laser quantity in optimization and the control laser array, polarization state, the relative distance of power output and each section Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, after the opto-electronic conversion by the high speed optoelectronic probe, be created in the many cycles ultra-wideband impulse signal sequence that has high spectrum utilization under FCC's standard.
The technical scheme that the utility model technical solution problem is adopted:
The full optical generator of the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband comprises an array laser (array laser is made up of the fixing sub-laser of N operation wavelength and N sub-laser polarization controller and N * 1 optical coupler), the one 3 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, the first optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the second optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the 3rd optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the 4th optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the first optical-fiber type variable delay line, the second optical-fiber type variable delay line, the polarization mixer, optical circulator, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG row (Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is listed as by the N section Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of programming on same optical fiber and forms), photoelectricity phase-modulator and high speed optoelectronic probe.
Each sub-laser output mouth of forming in the array laser connects with corresponding port light of sub-laser polarization controller respectively, an input port light in N the input port of another port of sub-laser polarization controller and N * 1 optical coupler is connected, the output port of N * 1 optical coupler is connected with a port light of the one 3 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, one side, a port of the one 3 dB-2 * 2 optical coupler opposite sides is connected with a port light of the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, one side, port light of a port and the first optical-fiber type Polarization Controller of the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical coupler opposite sides is connected, port light of first another port of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller and the first optical-fiber type variable delay line is connected, port light of first another port of optical-fiber type variable delay line and photoelectricity phase-modulator is connected, port light of another port of photoelectricity phase-modulator and the second optical-fiber type Polarization Controller is connected, and second another port of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller is connected with another port light of the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical coupler opposite sides;
Port light of another port and the 3rd optical-fiber type Polarization Controller of the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, one side is connected, and input port light of the 3rd another port of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller and polarization mixer is connected;
Port light of another port and the 4th optical-fiber type Polarization Controller of the one 3 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, one side is connected, port light of the 4th another port of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller and the second optical-fiber type variable delay line is connected, second another input port light of another port of optical-fiber type variable delay line and polarization mixer is connected, polarization mixer output port is connected with optical circulator 1 port light, optical circulator 2 ports and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are listed in and are penetrated port light and be connected, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is listed as from its incident port has N section Fiber Bragg Grating FBG by nearly programming extremely far successively, and optical circulator 3 ports are connected with the optical port light of high speed optoelectronic probe.Standard single-mode fiber is all used in the light connection that relates in the utility model.
The electric signal input end mouth of photoelectricity phase-modulator is as the input of the full optical generator of pulse signal, and the electrical signal mouth of high speed optoelectronic probe is as the output of the full optical generator of pulse signal.
The 23 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, the first optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the second optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the first optical-fiber type variable delay line, photoelectricity phase-modulator are formed optical fiber Sagnac ring structure;
The 3rd optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the 4th optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the second optical-fiber type variable delay line and polarization mixer are formed the polarized orthogonal control device.
The difference nonreturn to zero code obtains the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband of the full optical generator generation of pulse signal as the input of the full optical generator of pulse signal at the electrical signal mouth of high speed optoelectronic probe.
Optical-fiber type photoelectricity phase-modulator in the utility model scheme, optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, N * 1 optical coupler, 3 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, optical-fiber type polarization splitter, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG row, optical circulator and high-speed photodetector are ripe commercially produced product; Laser array has commercially produced product, also can be realized by the wide spectrum light source split plot design of technology maturation.The utility model is suitable under low cost, simple structure and high stability etc. require, realization is to the real-time conversion of difference nonreturn to zero code data to the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband, the how all wave pulse signals of the ultra broadband that is produced can reach the very high availability of frequency spectrum satisfying under FCC's standard, in addition, the utility model possesses for the ultra-wideband impulse signal that produces provides on optical fiber at a distance, the transmittability of low-loss, low cost, high-fidelity.
The utility model utilizes electrical method to produce the ultra-wideband impulse signal scheme with tradition and compares, has the low advantage of cost and structure complexity, be not subjected to electromagnetic interference, combining with optical fiber technology aspect the technical problem that realizes long distance, high-fidelity transmission and cover at the solution ultra-wideband impulse signal has innate advantage.The utility model produces the ultra-wideband impulse signal scheme with other optical meanss and compares, in the technical AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) of having avoided using costliness of UWB Pulses Generation Based; Ultra-wideband impulse signal is carried out data message duplicate with loading technique on avoided using the expense of extra Digital Signal Processing, on physical layer, realized real-time conversion of signals; The availability of frequency spectrum is technical improving, and than ultra broadband single-revolution wave pulse signal, has realized tens of times raising.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the generator of the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband comprises that array laser 1(array laser is by the first sub-laser 1.1.1, the second sub-laser 1.1.2, the sub-laser 1.1.n of N, the first sub-laser polarization controller 1.2.1, the second sub-laser polarization controller 1.2.2, the sub-laser polarization controller of N 1.2.n, and N * 1 optical coupler 1.3 is formed), 3dB-2 * 2 optical couplers 2,3, optical-fiber type Polarization Controller 4,5,10,13, optical-fiber type variable delay line 6,11, polarization mixer 7, optical circulator 8, high speed optoelectronic probe 9, photoelectricity phase-modulator 12 and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG row 14(Fiber Bragg Grating FBG row comprise first Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 14.1, second Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 14.2, N Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 14.n);
Photoelectricity phase-modulator 12 connects optical-fiber type variable delay line 11 and optical-fiber type Polarization Controller 13 respectively, optical-fiber type variable delay line 11 connects optical-fiber type Polarization Controller 10, Polarization Controller 10 is connected 3dB-2 * 2 optical couplers 3 with Polarization Controller 13, constitute optical-fiber type Sagnac ring structure.
The light carrier of optical-fiber type Sagnac-ring by sub-laser 1.1.1,1.1.2 ... 1.1.n provide Deng the array laser of forming 1.The operation wavelength of sub-laser can be arranged on C-band, and for example sub-laser 1.1.1 operation wavelength is that 1550nm, sub-laser 1.1.2 operation wavelength are 1550.4nm, and sub-laser 1.1.3 operation wavelength is 1550.8nm ... a series of wavelength at a distance of 0.4nm.Array laser neutron laser operation wavelength and quantity N separately is provided with as required, and N * 1 optical coupler input port quantity N is provided with according to sub-laser quantity.
The transmission end optical fiber f mouth of optical-fiber type Sagnac-ring connects optical-fiber type Polarization Controller 5, its reflection end optical fiber d mouth connects the b port of optical coupler 2, the c mouth of optical coupler 2 is connected to another optical-fiber type Polarization Controller 4 input ports, the delivery outlet of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller 4 connects optical-fiber type variable delay line 6, the delivery outlet of optical-fiber type variable delay line 6 and optical-fiber type Polarization Controller 5 is connected two optic fibre input end mouths of optical-fiber type polarization mixer 7 respectively, optical-fiber type polarization mixer 7 delivery outlets connect 1 port of optical circulator 8,2 ports of optical circulator 8 connect by 14.1,14.2,14.n the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG that Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is formed row, 3 ports of optical circulator connect high-speed photodetector 9.
Wherein, the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 14.1,14.2 of composition Fiber Bragg Grating FBG row ..., 14.n reflection wavelength equal respectively sub-laser 1.1.1, the 1.1.2 of reference numeral ... 1.1.n operation wavelength, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG quantity also equates with sub-laser quantity in the laser array.For the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 14.1,14.2 of programming on standard single-mode fiber ..., 14.n, equidistantly arrange with 2cm each other, reflection coefficient is as far as possible impartial and big as far as possible, for example is 20dB.
The concrete course of work of the present utility model is: light source is from forming the sub-laser 1.1.1 of array laser 1,1.1.2,1.1.n outgoing, respectively through sub-laser polarization controller 1.2.1,1.2.2,1.2.n after the adjustment polarization state, be incident to N input port of N * 1 optical coupler 1.3 respectively, the output port of N * 1 optical coupler 1.3 is connected with a mouth light of 3dB-2 * 2 optical couplers 2, laser is exported from the b mouth, enter the d mouth of 3dB-2 * 2 optical couplers 3, be divided into two parts that power equates, from e mouth and the output of g mouth, transmit along optical fiber link according to clockwise CW and counterclockwise CCW direction respectively.Optical fiber polarization controller 10 and 13 is controlled the laser polarization state that enters photoelectricity phase-modulator 12 from both direction respectively.Difference nonreturn to zero code data sequence is modulated onto in the Sagnac-ring respectively according on the phase place clockwise and two-beam of propagation counterclockwise from the A mouth input of photoelectricity phase-modulator 12.Connect respectively in the optical fiber Sagnac-ring optical coupler 3 and photoelectricity phase-modulator 12 about two arm optical fiber link length differences, accurately be controlled to be 2cm by optical-fiber type variable delay line 11.Constitute by the two way light coherent superposition that arrive according to the optical fiber link → e → f fiber path of the optical fiber link → g → f of d → e → clockwise and d → g → counterclockwise respectively at the output light of the f of optical coupler 3 mouth.Since according to the light that counterclockwise arrives in optical coupler through being coupled between twice optical fiber, calculating according to coupled mode theory, counterclockwise the phase change of 180 ° of twice 90 ° of accumulative totals has taken place in light, and is coupled through between optical fiber according to the light that clockwise direction arrives, and phase place remains unchanged; Owing to two arm length difference of light Sagnac-ring, the time that is loaded with the two way light arrival of difference nonreturn to zero code data differs 100 psecs (100 psecs=10 approximately again -10Second), being loaded with the opposite sub-light time-delay coherent superposition of the two-way phase place of difference nonreturn to zero code data, to obtain a series of polarity be positive class Gaussian-shaped pulse data sequence.Constitute by the two way light coherent superposition that arrive according to the fiber path of optical fiber link → g → d of the optical fiber link → e → d of d → g → counterclockwise and d → e → clockwise respectively at the output light of the d of optical coupler 3 mouth, since according to clockwise and the two-way light that counterclockwise arrives in optical coupler separately through being coupled between an optical fiber, calculating according to coupled mode theory, 90 ° phase change has all taken place one time in two way light, and two sub-light relative phases are consistent; Equally again because two arm length difference of light Sagnac-ring, the time that is loaded with the two way light arrival of difference nonreturn to zero code data differs 100 psecs equally approximately, and the two way light time-delay coherent superposition that is loaded with difference nonreturn to zero code data obtains a series of polarity and is negative class Gaussian-shaped pulse data sequence.Optical-fiber type Polarization Controller 4 and 6 is controlled two polarization states on the optical fiber link respectively, guarantees that its polarization state at two input ports of polarization mixer 7 is mutually orthogonal; In addition, two optical fiber link length differences that are connected to polarization mixer 7 accurately are controlled to be 2cm by optical-fiber type variable delay line 6, guarantee that promptly two-way light arrives about 100 psecs of time phase difference of polarization mixer 7.Enter Fiber Bragg Grating FBG row 14 from the sub-laser of each wavelength of array laser output, each sub-laser reflects in the corresponding with it Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of reflection wavelength, for example the laser of the sub-laser emitting of 1.1.1 reflects in Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 14.1,1.1.2 the laser of sub-laser emitting reflects in Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 14.2, laser light reflected is from the 3 ports output of optical circulator 8, between each adjacent fiber Bragg grating at a distance of about 2cm, adjacent two sub-laser reflect the fiber lengths that is differed and are about 4cm on two adjacent Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs, about 200 psecs of time phase difference, emitting laser obtain many cycles of ultra broadband pulse data sequence at the electricity output D of photodetector 9 mouth at last.
Use step of the present utility model is:
Connect each parts on the light path according to the utility model structural representation;
Open array laser and photodetector, each sub-laser work wavelength, power output (each sub-laser output power is determined respectively by the amplitude normalization size of each cycle of the time domain waveform of the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband of required generation) are set, guarantee that it is working properly;
At promoter laser 1.1.1 only and when closing other sub-laser, adjust Polarization Controller 1.2.1,10 and 13, disconnect the C input port of polarization mixer 7, the polarity that obtains via the B input port of polarization mixer 7 at the D port is positive class Gaussian-shaped pulse data sequence; The C input port of closed polarization mixer 7 is adjusted Polarization Controller 5 and 4, and obtaining via the B of polarization mixer 7 and the polarity of C port at the D port is one positive one negative ultra broadband single-revolution wave impulse data sequence;
Keep Polarization Controller 1.2.1,10,13,4 and 5 to fix, open sub-laser 1.1.2, by regulating Polarization Controller 1.2.2, feasible laser by sub-laser 1.1.2 output is consistent with the laser polarization state of being exported by sub-laser 1.1.1, obtains the how all wave pulse signals of being made up of two compact arranged single-revolution wave impulses of ultra broadband at the D of photodetector 9 port;
Single-revolution ripple number according to the time domain waveform of the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband of required generation is determined the sub-laser number that needs are opened, and adjusts each sub-output power of laser respectively according to the amplitude normalization size of each single-revolution ripple.

Claims (1)

1. the full optical generator of the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband, comprise array laser, the one 3 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, the first optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the second optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the 3rd optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the 4th optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the first optical-fiber type variable delay line, the second optical-fiber type variable delay line, polarization mixer, optical circulator, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG row, photoelectricity phase-modulator and high speed optoelectronic probe, it is characterized in that:
Described array laser is made up of the fixing sub-laser of N operation wavelength, a N laser polarization controller and N * 1 optical coupler;
Each sub-laser output mouth of forming in the array laser connects with corresponding port light of sub-laser polarization controller respectively, an input port light in N the input port of another port of sub-laser polarization controller and N * 1 optical coupler is connected, the output port of N * 1 optical coupler is connected with a port light of the one 3 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, one side, a port of the one 3 dB-2 * 2 optical coupler opposite sides is connected with a port light of the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, one side, port light of a port and the first optical-fiber type Polarization Controller of the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical coupler opposite sides is connected, port light of first another port of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller and the first optical-fiber type variable delay line is connected, port light of first another port of optical-fiber type variable delay line and photoelectricity phase-modulator is connected, port light of another port of photoelectricity phase-modulator and the second optical-fiber type Polarization Controller is connected, and second another port of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller is connected with another port light of the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical coupler opposite sides;
Port light of another port and the 3rd optical-fiber type Polarization Controller of the 23 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, one side is connected, and input port light of the 3rd another port of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller and polarization mixer is connected;
Port light of another port and the 4th optical-fiber type Polarization Controller of the one 3 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, one side is connected, port light of the 4th another port of optical-fiber type Polarization Controller and the second optical-fiber type variable delay line is connected, second another input port light of another port of optical-fiber type variable delay line and polarization mixer is connected, polarization mixer output port is connected with optical circulator 1 port light, optical circulator 2 ports and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are listed in and are penetrated port light and be connected, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is listed as from its incident port has N section Fiber Bragg Grating FBG by nearly programming extremely far successively, and optical circulator 3 ports are connected with the optical port light of high speed optoelectronic probe;
The electric signal input end mouth of photoelectricity phase-modulator is as the input of the full optical generator of pulse signal, and the electrical signal mouth of high speed optoelectronic probe is as the output of the full optical generator of pulse signal;
The 23 dB-2 * 2 optical couplers, the first optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the second optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the first optical-fiber type variable delay line, photoelectricity phase-modulator are formed optical fiber Sagnac ring structure;
The 3rd optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the 4th optical-fiber type Polarization Controller, the second optical-fiber type variable delay line and polarization mixer are formed the polarized orthogonal control device;
The difference nonreturn to zero code obtains the how all wave pulse signals of ultra broadband of the full optical generator generation of pulse signal as the input of the full optical generator of pulse signal at the electrical signal mouth of high speed optoelectronic probe.
CN2011200549398U 2011-03-04 2011-03-04 Full light generator for ultra wide band multi-cycle pulse signals Expired - Lifetime CN202043110U (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102111222A (en) * 2011-03-04 2011-06-29 浙江大学 Full-light generator of ultra wide band (UWB) multi-cycle pulse signals
CN108282227A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-07-13 清华大学 A kind of steady phase partitioning system in quadruple signal optical fibre arbitrary point based on phase conjugation
CN108398744A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-08-14 北京大学 A kind of multichannel on piece collection helps light phase controller and its control method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102111222A (en) * 2011-03-04 2011-06-29 浙江大学 Full-light generator of ultra wide band (UWB) multi-cycle pulse signals
CN102111222B (en) * 2011-03-04 2013-11-13 浙江大学 Full-light generator of ultra wide band (UWB) multi-cycle pulse signals
CN108282227A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-07-13 清华大学 A kind of steady phase partitioning system in quadruple signal optical fibre arbitrary point based on phase conjugation
CN108282227B (en) * 2018-01-18 2020-05-19 清华大学 Phase conjugation-based phase-stable distribution system for quadruple frequency signal optical fiber at any point
CN108398744A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-08-14 北京大学 A kind of multichannel on piece collection helps light phase controller and its control method

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