Background technology
Along with China to the increasing considerably of oil resources consumption, the national energy strategy is subjected to very big challenge, develops China's offshore oil resource cost-effectively fast and receives much concern.The marine oil production platform of China's marine petroleum development is owing to more perfect function, PROCESS FOR TREATMENT equipment are complicated more at present, and marine oil production platform upper chunk weight has increasing trend.The jacket platform of the depth of water 100~300m particularly, because the big cost height of deep water jacket structure weight, in order to reduce cost of investment, its platform chunk will possess more complicated and perfect PROCESS FOR TREATMENT equipment, so that under the least possible platform quantity situation, realize maximized platform feature, thereby make maximization of economic benefit.At present, the platform chunk of the existing in the world 29000t that weighs, and the weight maximum of domestic upper chunk also reached 27000t.
Platform chunk installation method commonly used at present has lift-on/lift-off system and floating holder installation method, for the platform chunk more than the 20000t, if adopting lift-on/lift-off system installs, needing to use large-scale floating crane to carry out marine piecemeal installs, ability according to crane barge resource on the world market, chunk need be divided into lifting respectively more than 3, and carry out the branch block welding at sea, this certainly will increase the time and the cost of marine installation exercise.And build quantity for a long time when off-shore oil field, need a large amount of crane barge resources, this will inevitably cause crane barge Resource allocation and smoothing difficulty, and increases cost of installation, even because of the crane barge resource can not put in place on schedule, and oilfield construction is delayed.
If using floating holder installation method to carry out the above platform chunk of 20000t installs, because floating holder installation method does not need to carry out the sea and divides block welding, can realize the disposable installation of chunk, having the time of the marine installation exercise of saving and the advantage of cost, is more satisfactory large-scale chunk offshore installation method.But floating holder installation method is subject to the barge that transports the platform chunk.Existing barge can only satisfy 10000t usually with the transporting of interior platform chunk, installation requirements, and the barge that can deliver the above chunk of 20000t is then very few.Because it is bigger to deliver the barge displacement of the above chunk of 20000t, and the barge beam is usually all greater than 50m, and platform is subjected to the restriction of build process and structure optimization, notch between jacket leg or the floating platform lower pole makes barge can't enter the notch between the jacket leg often less than 50m.Therefore, be applicable to that the floating barge quantity of installing of holding in the palm of large-scale chunk is few especially.The shortage of barge resource is installed in large-scale floating holder, is the key factor that the floating holder of the large-scale chunk of restriction is installed.
The requirement that the floating holder of ultra-large type chunk is installed the barge principal dimensions is: 1, load carrying ability is big, more preferably greater than 30000t; 2, be subjected to the restriction of platform chunk span, the barge beam that docks a side with platform is unsuitable excessive, preferably is controlled at below the 42m.3, be subjected to the restriction of jacket and floating platform bottom section, the barge moldeed depth is unsuitable excessive, preferably less than 20m.For conventional barge, these requirements are conflicting---if increase load carrying ability, the length and width height of ordinary barge certainly will increase.Because the beam and moldeed depth are restricted, and can only increase the captain, and the total vertical moment of flexure that ship length is produced by barge limits, and its size should coordinate mutually with the beam and moldeed depth, can not infinitely increase.Therefore, the form of traditional barge can't satisfy the requirement that chunk floating holder in large-scale deck is installed.
In sum, compare with lift-on/lift-off system, floating holder installation method is the more excellent installation method of ultra-large type deck chunk, but needs to solve the problem that barge is installed.If the problem of large-scale installation barge can not solve, the advantage of floating holder installation method can not be brought into play.Because traditional barge container can't satisfy floating holder installation requirement, build/or reconstruct the barge of what version, and enable to be applied to the floating holder installation of macrotype platform chunk, be the key point of dealing with problems.
The specific embodiment
Now lifting following examples also is elaborated to structure of the present utility model and effect in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As Fig. 1~shown in Figure 4, be the utility model provide be used for the barge that the floating holder of ultra-large type platform is installed, it has a hull 1, the both sides of hull 1 are provided with ship side protector 2, are provided with the support frame 3 that is complementary with platform on the main deck of hull 1.
As shown in Figure 1, hull 1 comprises the less bow portion 11 of width, transition phase 12 and the bigger quarter of a ship 13 of width, bow portion 11 is widened to the width of quarter of a ship 13 gradually through transition phase 12, the width ratio of quarter of a ship 13 and bow portion 11 is controlled between 1.2~1.7, should not be too big, otherwise towage resistance is too big, is unfavorable for towage.The wide part that goes out bow portion 11 of quarter of a ship 13, both can adopt integrated frame mode to realize, also can adopt the frame mode that adds rim buoyancy aid 14, limit buoyancy aid 14 adopts the manufacturing of high-quality steel, be welded on the transition phase 12 and quarter of a ship 13 both sides of barge, limit buoyancy aid 14 also can adopt the detouchable movable connection method.
Thus, barge provided by the utility model has the less bow portion 11 of width, guaranteed that platform can have the less leg and the moment of span between the leg, save the construction steel of deck chunk and lower support structure thereof, if bow portion is roomy, the notch yardstick between the platform lower pole is strengthened, very unfavorable to the intensity of platform or chunk structure, according to existing offshore platform structure, the width of bow portion 11 is advisable to be controlled between 40m~45m.And the bigger quarter of a ship 13 of width makes barge have enough big displacement, provide bigger buoyancy to carry a space to barge with accent, guaranteed carrying capacity to ultra-large type deck chunk, and make to have good buoyancy and stability feature when refuting trim by the stern, make barge can be used for the following water installation of marine structure things such as large jacket simultaneously.
When needs drag the marine structure thing weight of carrying big, the width that can further strengthen the quarter of a ship 13 of hull 1 makes it to satisfy certain displacement requirement, as shown in Figure 1, both sides at the bigger quarter of a ship 13 of transition phase and width add limit buoyancy aid 14, limit buoyancy aid 14 adopts the detouchable mode to install, when the bigger displacement of needs, it is loaded onto, can unload when not required.With the width of bow portion 11 is that the barge of 42m is an example, and when loading 20,000 tons of chunks, the width of barge quarter of a ship 13 is that 52m is wide; When needs loaded more than 30,000 tons the weight chunk, the width of barge quarter of a ship 13 was required to be 65m, and can adopt width on the quarter this moment is the method that adds rim buoyancy aid 14 on the barge of 52m, and it is wide to make the width of quarter of a ship 13 reach 65m.Wherein one section method that adds rim buoyancy aid 14 is applicable to more to having the transformation of barge container now on barge.
Barge drags when carrying platform upper chunk 10, transfers for the ease of barge and carries a towage floading condition that keeps good, and guarantee that hull weight is distributed with and be beneficial to overall longitudinal strength of hull, and platform upper chunk 10 is placed on the amidships position of barge hull 1 usually.And the hull part of placement platform chunk can enter platform bottom section notch when guaranteeing marine the installation, requires to divide the beam narrower in the barge ship or near amidships.For this reason, comprehensive above-mentioned 2 requirements, the length ratio of the length of bow portion 11 and quarter of a ship 13 is between 0.8~1.2.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the ship side protector 2 that is arranged on hull 1 both sides is made by rubber usually, also can adopt other to have the material of buffer action, ship side protector 2 is arranged on the bow side of bow portion 11, is used to prevent that hull 1 from entering after the notch between jacket leg or the floating platform lower pole 4 bumps between the hull 1 and jacket leg or floating platform lower pole 4.The left end portion of ship side protector 2 can also play spacing effect, promptly control the length that hull 1 enters notch between jacket leg or the floating platform lower pole 4, guarantee that the below interface of platform chunk 10 can just fall into jacket leg or floating platform lower pole 4 (as shown in Figure 4).
Hull also is provided with slideway 5 on 1 deck, and support frame 3 is provided with thereon, and support frame 3 lower ends are equipped with the piston shoes (not shown) that is complementary with slideway 5, so that with the 10 dilatory shipments of platform upper chunk.
The same ballasting system that is provided with existing barge in the hull 1 with by adjusting the water yield in the ballasting system, is adjusted barge in-to-in weight distribution, thereby adjusts the floading condition of hull.
Use barge provided by the utility model to carry out the floating holder of platform and install, the floating holder that both can be applied to the jacket platform chunk is installed, and the floating holder that also can be applied to the floating platform chunk is installed.Jacket leg or floating platform lower pole 4 are installed in the predetermined operation marine site in oil field in advance, and leaving in the middle of the jacket can be for the notch of barge hull 1 turnover.As Fig. 4~shown in Figure 6, during installation, earlier platform upper chunk 10 is fixed on the support frame 3 on barge hull 1 deck, again barge is hauled a side of jacket leg or floating platform lower pole 4, barge carrying platform upper chunk 10 is to notch one side of jacket, the less end of the barge beam is bow portion 12 aligned notches directions, waits for suitable environmental conditions, floats holder the butt joint operation is installed.Connection structure before implementing installation exercise between cutting support frame 3 and the platform upper chunk 10.
When at the incoming tide, the bow portion 11 of hull 1 enters among the notch of jacket leg or floating platform lower pole 4 slowly, when the chunk leg of platform upper chunk 10 be positioned at corresponding pipe frame leg or floating platform lower pole 4 directly over the time, hull 1 stops parallel motion and keeps flat floating state, and 13 of the quarter of a ship of hull 1 are positioned at outside the notch of jacket leg or floating platform lower pole 4 (as shown in Figure 2).When beginning ebb tide after high tide level arrives, the butt joint operation begins.In barge, increase ballast water earlier, the barge drinking water is increased gradually, under the double action that the barge drinking water increases and tidal level reduces, platform upper chunk 10 falls with barge hull 1, progressively fall on jacket leg or the floating platform lower pole 4, its weight is also transferred on jacket leg or the floating platform lower pole 4 (as shown in Figure 6) from barge hull 1.When falling, cut away remaining load-carrying element between platform upper chunk 10 and the support frame 3.In the process that this weight shifts, the attaching parts between barge upper support member 3 and the platform upper chunk 10 is all cut in the cutting work before continuing simultaneously.After platform upper chunk 10 is positioned on the platform leg, barge continues ballast, support frame 3 on barge hull 1 has certain safety gap with platform upper chunk 10, dumb barge withdraws from from the notch of jacket, and the chunk leg of platform upper chunk 10 will bump with the shock absorber 6 that docks on jacket leg or floating platform lower pole 4 tops, promptly finishes the docking operation that floating holder is installed.
After butt joint was finished, the structure on welding platform upper chunk 10 and jacket leg or floating platform lower pole 4 tops made platform upper chunk 10 become as a whole with offshore platform structure, just finishes the installation of platform upper chunk.
Floating holder with the large jacket upper chunk is installed as example below, specifies the method for designing that barge is installed in large-scale floating holder of the present utility model:
Step 1, determine bow portion width and the drinking water parameter:
1, according to the width distance between the guide pipe on offshore platform leg, the width of determining bow portion 11 is 40m~45m, can meet the requirement of the structural strength and the span of platform.Width with bow portion 11 in the present embodiment is decided to be 42 meters.
2,, calculate the drinking water parameter according to the weight of platform upper chunk 10 and be positioned over position on the barge.
As shown in Figure 2, barge hull 1 advances the needs of ship when considering to float the holder installation, the position that platform upper chunk 10 is placed is in the barge middle part, be positioned at transition phase 12 and bow portion 11 specifically, and based on bow portion 11, and the chunk leg of platform upper chunk 10 must not appear at quarter of a ship 13 or transition phase 12, and the notch that can't enter the jacket leg because of quarter of a ship 13 and transition phase 12 when avoiding marine the installation causes docking moving of failure or platform upper chunk 10.Be positioned over the barge middle part based on platform upper chunk 10, weight (present embodiment is example with 30000t) in conjunction with platform upper chunk 10, the drinking water parameter that just can calculate barge is 7m (this computation process is the known technology of this area, does not repeat them here).
Step 2, determine the width of quarter of a ship:
According to the weight of platform upper chunk 10 and the ballast water weight in the ballasting system (usually ballast water weight be platform upper chunk weight 30%~40%), calculate the ballast that barge bears, again according to the principle of gravitational equilibrium in buoyancy, calculate the displacement (buoyancy that barge has) of barge, again in conjunction with the drinking water parameter of barge, further calculate the width (this computation process is the known technology of this area, will not describe in detail at this) of quarter of a ship.
The drinking water parameter 7m that calculates with step 1 is an example, and when chunk weight is 20,000 tons~2.5 ten thousand ton hours, the barge tail width is 52.5m; When chunk weight is 30,000 tons~3.5 ten thousand ton hours, the barge tail width is 65m.The width of quarter of a ship can once design according to the weight of platform upper chunk 10 and finish, and also can gradation finish; If for gradation is finished, both width was on the 52.5m basis on the quarter, and every side of a ship is widened the limit buoyancy aid 14 of 6.25m.Limit buoyancy aid 14 and barge are for being welded to connect.If be old barge modification scheme, then add rim buoyancy aid 14 at every side of a ship, limit buoyancy aid 14 and barge itself can provide enough buoyancy for platform upper chunk 10 and ballast water weight.
Adopt the main technical details of above-mentioned method of designing design-calculated barge as follows:
Operating water depth: 195 meters
Captain L=205 rice
Beam B=42 rice (stem)
Beam B=52.5 rice (afterbody delivers the chunk of 20,000 tons~2.5 ten thousand tons of weights)
Beam B=65 rice (afterbody delivers the chunk of 30,000 tons~3.5 ten thousand tons of weights)
Moldeed depth D=14.25 rice
Drinking water T=7 rice
Jacket leg quantity: 4 * 2
Jacket leg diameter: 2.5 meters
Chunk length and width size: 97 meters * 74 meters
Chunk width of rebate: 45 meters
For the accent that provides bigger buoyancy and satisfy in the floating holder process carries demand, the yardstick of this design barge is bigger, the captain is more than 200m, the beam is at 40~80m, moldeed depth is more than 14m, displacement more than 120,000 tons can be provided, can drag the platform upper chunk of carrying weight more than 30,000 tons, can satisfy the installation requirements of increasing marine oil production platform upper chunk.
In sum, the width of bow portion 11 has determined the span between platform upper chunk 10 and jacket leg or the floating platform lower pole 4.And be the structural strength that guarantees platform, span is big more, needs strong more framing member and more structural steel, and the flat-bed cost is high more.And span is big more, and flat-bed is built also difficult more.Therefore, the width of bow portion 11 is big more, and is unfavorable more to platform.The barge of unique hull shape provided by the utility model, having solved again can not too big contradiction to big displacement demand and bow width.And this method method has been broken away from the design concept of traditional boats and ships---the way that the boats and ships width is all the same from head to tail.A certain section way that width can be widened as required in this boats and ships is key point of the present utility model.