CN201916009U - A Vapor Compression Heat Engine with a Working Fluid Phase Change Cycle - Google Patents
A Vapor Compression Heat Engine with a Working Fluid Phase Change Cycle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201916009U CN201916009U CN201120020113XU CN201120020113U CN201916009U CN 201916009 U CN201916009 U CN 201916009U CN 201120020113X U CN201120020113X U CN 201120020113XU CN 201120020113 U CN201120020113 U CN 201120020113U CN 201916009 U CN201916009 U CN 201916009U
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- heat exchanger
- heat source
- temperature heat
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种工质相变循环的蒸气压缩式热力发动机，该发动机包括高温热源，低温热源，电磁换向阀，第一换热器，第二换热器，第一气缸，第二气缸，第一活塞，第二活塞，曲柄连杆机构；其中高温热源和低温热源分别与电磁换向阀连接，电磁换向阀与第一换热器和第二换热器连接，第一换热器与第一气缸连接，第二换热器与第二气缸连接；第一气缸内设有第一活塞，第二气缸内设有第二活塞；第一气缸和第二气缸分别通过第一活塞和第二活塞与曲柄连杆机构固连；电磁换向阀与曲柄连杆机构间通过信号传输。本实用新型具有燃料广泛、替代石油、成本低，无污染物，不污染环境，热机热效率高的特点。
The utility model discloses a vapor compression heat engine with a working fluid phase change cycle. The engine includes a high-temperature heat source, a low-temperature heat source, an electromagnetic reversing valve, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first cylinder, and a second heat exchanger. Two cylinders, the first piston, the second piston, and crank-link mechanism; the high-temperature heat source and the low-temperature heat source are respectively connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and the first The heat exchanger is connected to the first cylinder, and the second heat exchanger is connected to the second cylinder; the first cylinder is provided with a first piston, and the second cylinder is provided with a second piston; the first cylinder and the second cylinder are respectively passed through the second cylinder. The first piston and the second piston are fixedly connected with the crank-link mechanism; the electromagnetic reversing valve and the crank-link mechanism are transmitted through signals. The utility model has the characteristics of wide range of fuels, oil replacement, low cost, no pollutants, no environmental pollution, and high thermal efficiency of the heat engine.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model relates to a kind of Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine, is used on the Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine, provides heat to Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine.
Background technique:
At present, the limited and rise in price of oil reserves, and be that fuel combustion produces bigger pollution to environment with the oil.The heat energy that solar energy and industrial exhaust heat and any fuel burning produce comes work, does not have toxic emission, utilizes these heat energy to become energy source and power and does not implement as yet, but have development potentiality and application prospect.
Have based on this, make the utility model.
The model utility content:
In order to address the above problem, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine, the utlity model has fuel extensively, substitute oil, cost is low, contamination-free, free from environmental pollution, the high characteristics of the hot machine thermal efficiency.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts following technological scheme,
A kind of Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine, this motor comprises high temperature heat source, low-temperature heat source, solenoid directional control valve, first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger, first cylinder, second cylinder, first piston, second piston, connecting rod; Wherein high temperature heat source is connected with solenoid directional control valve respectively with low-temperature heat source, and solenoid directional control valve is connected with second heat exchanger with first heat exchanger, and first heat exchanger is connected with first cylinder, and second heat exchanger is connected with second cylinder; Be provided with first piston in first cylinder, be provided with second piston in second cylinder; Connecting rod comprises bent axle and timing gear, and bent axle is provided with 1 timing gear, the bent axle of crank-connecting rod system respectively with first cylinder in first piston and second piston in second cylinder be connected; Transmit by signal between solenoid directional control valve and connecting rod.
Described first cylinder, the second cylinder stored refrigeration agent working medium, when high temperature heat source absorbed heat by first heat exchanger, the working medium in first cylinder became gaseous state from liquid state, and volumetric expansion promotes the first piston work done; Working medium in second cylinder is passed through second heat exchanger when the low-temperature heat source heat release, the working medium volume shrinkage, become liquid state again from gaseous state, promote the second piston work done, bidirection press difference throw crank connecting rod mechanism movement is when changing the valve body direction by solenoid directional control valve, make high temperature heat source pass through second heat exchanger to working medium heat effect in second cylinder, to working medium cooling in first cylinder, process is just opposite, finishes a work cycle by first heat exchanger for low-temperature heat source.
Low-grade heat energy that described thermal source adopts solar energy, industrial exhaust heat and any fuel burning to produce.
Described refrigeration agent working medium adopts liquid ammonia and gaseous ammonia.
Described first cylinder, the second inblock cylinder mode for cloth adopts any one in opposed type, V-type and the parellel.
When utilizing solar energy to make thermal source, make high temperature heat source with solar water heater.
Phase transformation generating thermodynamic principle are as follows; Heat engine based on Working fluid phase changing circulates by isothermal and isobaric inflation process, isothermal and isobaric compression process, two Carnot's cycle systems that adiabatic process is formed.As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 is the lgp-h figure of refrigeration agent working medium to Working fluid phase changing steam compressing circuit on figure, and wherein p is a vapor tension, and h is the working medium enthalpy.The 1-2 operating mode is from the high temperature heat source heat absorption, and 2-3 is for promoting the piston acting, and 3-4 is to the low-temperature heat source heat release, h
1, h
2, h
3Be respectively the enthalpy of each process point, pk, po are respectively the power pressure of high low-temperature heat source, and Tk, To are respectively the working medium temperature of high low-temperature heat source, are the Carnot's cycles that is similar to.
High temperature heat source isothermal and isobaric swelling heat absorption process, working medium unit mass caloric receptivity
Enthalpy difference for the working medium evaporation:
(1)
Low-temperature heat source isothermal and isobaric compression exothermic process, working medium unit mass thermal discharge
Enthalpy difference for the working medium condensation:
(2)
Working medium unit mass piston moves the work W of institute
0Enthalpy difference for working medium evaporation caloric receptivity and working medium condensation thermal discharge: W
0=h
2-h
3(3)
The monolateral working medium quality of motor is M, high temperature heat source isothermal and isobaric expansion total amount of heat:
Q
k=M
(4)
The monolateral theoretical work done N=M(h of motor
2-h
3) (5)
Engine thermal efficiency
=2N/Q
k=2
(6)
The Carnot's cycle thermal efficiency
(7).
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model is by utilizing refrigeration agent working medium such as ammonia, becomes gaseous state, the volumetric expansion work done from liquid state when high temperature heat source absorbs heat; When the low-temperature heat source heat release, volume shrinkage becomes liquid state again from gaseous state, produces pressure difference and promotes the piston acting.Have fuel extensively, substitute oil, cost is low, contamination-free, free from environmental pollution, low-grade heat energy that can adopt solar energy, industrial exhaust heat and any fuel burning to produce drives, and helps improving efficiency of energy utilization, and the high advantage of the hot machine thermal efficiency.
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of parellel cylinder of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of opposed type cylinder of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of cylinder in V-arrangement of the present utility model;
P-h phasor when Fig. 4 is the utility model isothermal and isobaric heat absorption heat release.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine, this motor comprises high temperature heat source 1, low-temperature heat source 8, solenoid directional control valve 2, the first heat exchangers 3, the second heat exchangers 7, the first cylinders 4, second cylinder 6, first piston 9, the second pistons 10, connecting rod 5; Low-grade heat energy that described thermal source adopts solar energy, industrial exhaust heat and any fuel burning to produce.Described first cylinder, 4, the second cylinders, 6 arrangement modes adopt parellel.
Wherein high temperature heat source 1 is connected with solenoid directional control valve 2 respectively with low-temperature heat source 8, and solenoid directional control valve 2 is connected with second heat exchanger 7 with first heat exchanger 3, and first heat exchanger 3 is connected with first cylinder 4, and second heat exchanger 7 is connected with second cylinder 6; Be provided with in first cylinder 4 in first piston 9, the second cylinders 6 and be provided with second piston 10; Connecting rod 5 comprises bent axle 52 and timing gear 51, and bent axle 52 is provided with 1 timing gear 51, the bent axle 52 of crank-connecting rod system 5 respectively with first cylinder 4 in first piston 9 and second piston 10 in second cylinder 6 be connected; Transmit by signal between solenoid directional control valve 2 and the timing gear 51; First cylinder, 4, the second cylinders, 6 stored refrigeration agent working medium wherein, the refrigeration agent working medium of first cylinder 4 of present embodiment adopts liquid ammonia, and the refrigeration agent working medium of second cylinder 6 adopts gaseous ammonia.When high temperature heat source 1 absorbed heats by first heat exchanger 3, the working medium in first cylinder 4 became gaseous state from liquid state, and volumetric expansion promotes first piston 9 works done; Working medium in second cylinder 6 is passed through second heat exchanger 7 when low-temperature heat source 8 heat releases, the working medium volume shrinkage, become liquid state again from gaseous state, promote 10 works done of second piston, 5 works done of bidirection press difference throw crank linkage mechanism are when changing the valve body direction by solenoid directional control valve 2, make high temperature heat source 1 by working medium heat effect in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and process is just opposite, finishes a work cycle.
The working procedure of present embodiment motor is: high temperature heat source 1 is by working medium heating in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, NH in first cylinder 4
3Liquid is subjected to thermal evaporation, and pressure increases, and promotes first piston 9 and moves down; NH in second cylinder 6
3The gas condensation of catching a cold, pressure reduces, and promotes to move on second piston 12 bent axle 52 motions of bidirection press official post throw crank linkage mechanism 5; In the time of near first piston 9 moves down into lower dead center, first cylinder, 4 inner refrigerant liquid all are evaporated to gas, and second cylinder, 6 inner refrigerant gases all are condensed into liquid, for following one-stroke is got ready, when first piston 9 moves down into lower dead center, bent axle 52 in the crank-connecting rod system 5 rotates 180 degree, this information sends signal by timing gear 51, solenoid directional control valve 2 is subjected to the signal conversion direction, make high temperature heat source 1 by working medium heat effect in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and process is with above-mentioned opposite, when moving on on the left piston at upper right, finish a work cycle.
The cold ﹠ heat source heating arrangement with Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine of present embodiment is finished the switching of two cylinder heat supply heat releases automatically, two-way effect has improved efficiency of heat engine, low-grade heat energy that can adopt solar energy, industrial exhaust heat and any fuel burning to produce drives, and helps improving efficiency of energy utilization; It is low to have cost, the advantage of simple structure, high working efficiency.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine, this motor comprises high temperature heat source 1, low-temperature heat source 8, solenoid directional control valve 2, the first heat exchangers 3, the second heat exchangers 7, the first cylinders 4, second cylinder 6, first piston 9, the second pistons 10, connecting rod 5; Low-grade heat energy that described thermal source adopts solar energy, industrial exhaust heat and any fuel burning to produce.Described first cylinder, 4, the second cylinders, 6 arrangement modes adopt opposed type.
Wherein high temperature heat source 1 is connected with solenoid directional control valve 2 respectively with low-temperature heat source 8, and solenoid directional control valve 2 is connected with second heat exchanger 7 with first heat exchanger 3, and first heat exchanger 3 is connected with first cylinder 4, and second heat exchanger 7 is connected with second cylinder 6; Be provided with in first cylinder 4 in first piston 9, the second cylinders 6 and be provided with second piston 10; Connecting rod 5 comprises bent axle 52 and timing gear 51, and bent axle 52 is provided with 1 timing gear 51, the bent axle 52 of crank-connecting rod system 5 respectively with first cylinder 4 in first piston 9 and second piston 10 in second cylinder 6 be connected; Transmit by signal between solenoid directional control valve 2 and the timing gear 51; First cylinder, 4, the second cylinders, 6 stored refrigeration agent working medium wherein, the refrigeration agent working medium of first cylinder 4 of present embodiment adopts liquid ammonia, and the refrigeration agent working medium of second cylinder 6 adopts gaseous ammonia.When high temperature heat source 1 absorbed heats by first heat exchanger 3, the working medium in first cylinder 4 became gaseous state from liquid state, and volumetric expansion promotes first piston 9 works done; Working medium in second cylinder 6 is passed through second heat exchanger 7 when low-temperature heat source 8 heat releases, the working medium volume shrinkage, become liquid state again from gaseous state, promote 10 works done of second piston, 5 motions of bidirection press difference throw crank linkage mechanism are when changing the valve body direction by solenoid directional control valve 2, make high temperature heat source 1 by working medium heat effect in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and process is just opposite, finishes a work cycle.
The working procedure of present embodiment motor is: high temperature heat source 1 is by working medium heating in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, NH in first cylinder 4
3Liquid is subjected to thermal evaporation, and pressure increases, and promotes first piston 9 and moves to left; NH in second cylinder 6
3The gas condensation of catching a cold, pressure reduces, and promotes second piston 12 and moves to left, and makes bent axle 52 motions of throw crank linkage mechanism 5; In the time of near first piston 9 moves left to left stop, first cylinder, 4 inner refrigerant liquid all are evaporated to gas, and second cylinder, 6 inner refrigerant gases all are condensed into liquid, for following one-stroke is got ready, when first piston 9 moves left to left stop, bent axle 52 in the crank-connecting rod system 5 rotates 180 degree, this information sends signal by timing gear 51, solenoid directional control valve 2 is subjected to the signal conversion direction, make high temperature heat source 1 by working medium heat effect in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and process is with above-mentioned opposite, when second piston is shifted to the right to right stop, finish a work cycle.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of Working fluid phase changing circuit steam compression type heat engine, this motor comprises high temperature heat source 1, low-temperature heat source 8, solenoid directional control valve 2, the first heat exchangers 3, the second heat exchangers 7, the first cylinders 4, second cylinder 6, first piston 9, the second pistons 10, connecting rod 5; Low-grade heat energy that described thermal source adopts solar energy, industrial exhaust heat and any fuel burning to produce.Described first cylinder, 4, the second cylinders, 6 arrangement modes adopt V-type.
Wherein high temperature heat source 1 is connected with solenoid directional control valve 2 respectively with low-temperature heat source 8, and solenoid directional control valve 2 is connected with second heat exchanger 7 with first heat exchanger 3, and first heat exchanger 3 is connected with first cylinder 4, and second heat exchanger 7 is connected with second cylinder 6; Be provided with in first cylinder 4 in first piston 9, the second cylinders 6 and be provided with second piston 10; Connecting rod 5 comprises bent axle 52 and timing gear 51, and bent axle 52 is provided with 1 timing gear 51, the bent axle 52 of crank-connecting rod system 5 respectively with first cylinder 4 in first piston 9 and second piston 10 in second cylinder 6 be connected; Transmit by signal between solenoid directional control valve 2 and the timing gear 51; First cylinder, 4, the second cylinders, 6 stored refrigeration agent working medium wherein, the refrigeration agent working medium of first cylinder 4 of present embodiment adopts liquid ammonia, and the refrigeration agent working medium of second cylinder 6 adopts gaseous ammonia.When high temperature heat source 1 absorbed heats by first heat exchanger 3, the working medium in first cylinder 4 became gaseous state from liquid state, and volumetric expansion promotes first piston 9 works done; Working medium in second cylinder 6 is passed through second heat exchanger 7 when low-temperature heat source 8 heat releases, the working medium volume shrinkage, become liquid state again from gaseous state, promote 10 works done of second piston, 5 motions of bidirection press difference throw crank linkage mechanism are when changing the valve body direction by solenoid directional control valve 2, make high temperature heat source 1 by working medium heat effect in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and process is just opposite, finishes a work cycle.
The working procedure of present embodiment motor is: V-type is identical with the working procedure of opposed type; High temperature heat source 1 is by working medium heating in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, NH in first cylinder 4
3Liquid is subjected to thermal evaporation, and pressure increases, and promotes first piston 9 and moves to left; NH in second cylinder 6
3The gas condensation of catching a cold, pressure reduces, and promotes second piston 12 and moves to left, and makes bent axle 52 motions of throw crank linkage mechanism 5; In the time of near first piston 9 moves left to left stop, first cylinder, 4 inner refrigerant liquid all are evaporated to gas, and second cylinder, 6 inner refrigerant gases all are condensed into liquid, for following one-stroke is got ready, when first piston 9 moves left to left stop, bent axle 52 in the crank-connecting rod system 5 rotates 180 degree, this information sends signal by timing gear 51, solenoid directional control valve 2 is subjected to the signal conversion direction, make high temperature heat source 1 by working medium heat effect in 7 pairs second cylinders of second heat exchanger 6, low-temperature heat source 8 is by working medium cooling in 3 pairs first cylinders of first heat exchanger 4, and process is with above-mentioned opposite, when second piston is shifted to the right to right stop, finish a work cycle.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201120020113XU CN201916009U (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2011-01-21 | A Vapor Compression Heat Engine with a Working Fluid Phase Change Cycle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201120020113XU CN201916009U (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2011-01-21 | A Vapor Compression Heat Engine with a Working Fluid Phase Change Cycle |
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| CN201916009U true CN201916009U (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102434257A (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2012-05-02 | 徐明奇 | Waste heat power generation device for vehicle and ship engines |
| CN103527272A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-22 | 谢瑞友 | Phase-change work device for high-pressure mixed-medium gas |
| CN107061206A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-08-18 | 天津融渌众乐科技有限公司 | A kind of Temperature difference driving device and its driving pump group |
| WO2022257444A1 (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-12-15 | 刘福贵 | Binary working medium heat energy power device |
-
2011
- 2011-01-21 CN CN201120020113XU patent/CN201916009U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102434257A (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2012-05-02 | 徐明奇 | Waste heat power generation device for vehicle and ship engines |
| CN102434257B (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2013-08-14 | 徐明奇 | Power generation device using waste heat of engines of vehicles and ships |
| CN103527272A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-22 | 谢瑞友 | Phase-change work device for high-pressure mixed-medium gas |
| CN107061206A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-08-18 | 天津融渌众乐科技有限公司 | A kind of Temperature difference driving device and its driving pump group |
| WO2022257444A1 (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-12-15 | 刘福贵 | Binary working medium heat energy power device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20110803 Termination date: 20140121 |