CN201904433U - Circular polarization array antenna capable of realizing wide-angle scanning at Ka (K-above) frequency range - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a Ka-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized array antenna, which comprises a cavity surface (1), a radiation unit (2) and a fixing nut (3); the radiation unit (2) is composed of a cross vibrator (4), The mating socket (6) and coaxial (8) are composed; the mating socket (6) has a square platform (11), the lower end of the square platform (11) is a thread (12), and the inner side of the thread (12) is an SMP interface (13 ); the radiation unit (2) is inserted into the cavity surface (1), and is fixed with the fixing nut (3) through the thread (12); the outer conductor (9) of the coaxial (8) has two symmetrical gap baluns ( 5); the inner conductor (7) of the coaxial (8) is fixedly connected to one oscillator in the cross oscillator (4). The utility model uses a radiation unit socket with a square platform, a screw thread and an SMP interface, which reduces the difficulty of assembling the array, realizes pluggability and replaceability, and reduces the risk of developing the entire array of the antenna.

Description

A Ka-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized array antenna

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a Ka-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized array antenna.

Background technique

In order to meet the requirements of long-distance communication, space stations, spacecraft, aircraft and missiles use satellites in geosynchronous orbits to achieve relay. In order to meet the requirements of long-distance communication, high-speed mobile platform, fast capture and tracking, anti-jamming, stealth, etc., phased array antennas are used. In order to meet the miniaturization, light weight and anti-interference requirements of the flight platform, the phased array uses Ka and EHF frequency bands. In order to achieve rapid beam agility and wide area coverage, the phased array antenna is required to be able to achieve ±60-70-degree two-dimensional conical scanning.

With the development and changes of the current military situation, the transmission rate of airborne/bombborne information is getting higher and higher, the required action distance is getting farther and farther, the anti-jamming ability is getting stronger and stronger, and it has a strong stealth ability. The performance impact is small. Satellite communication terminal antennas currently widely used, such as mechanically movable reflectors, electromechanical hybrid scanning waveguide slot arrays, etc., cannot meet the needs of mobile platforms. In order to achieve data transmission, high-speed aircraft such as space stations and spacecraft require the ability to quickly establish links to achieve rapid capture and tracking of relay satellites and ground stations. Current mechanically movable reflector terminations have an impact on platform maneuverability.

To this end, research on Ka-band wide-angle scanning active phased array antennas can effectively improve the data transmission capability of high-speed maneuvering platforms, increase reliability and lifespan, and meet the future application development of various platforms such as military aircraft, missiles, and satellites.

In China, the wide-angle scanning phased array antennas should be concentrated in the L, S, and X frequency bands, and there are no reports on the Ka frequency band. In foreign countries, the radiation unit of Ka-band wide-angle scanning phased array antenna generally adopts waveguide, microstrip, dipole, and slot. The microstrip array adopts the form of printed circuit, which is easy to process, but the loss and wide-angle scanning performance are poor. At the same time, the open waveguide array requires a circular polarizer, which needs to be fixed by screws, which increases the loss, cost, design and processing and assembly difficulties, and it is difficult to realize pluggable and replaceable. When forming a large-scale array, the development risk is relatively high; It is difficult to feed the dipole array with circular polarization, which increases the difficulty of processing and assembly.

Utility model content

The technical solution of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a Ka-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized array antenna with simple structure and reliable performance.

The technical solution of the utility model is: a Ka-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized array antenna, including a cavity surface, a radiation unit and a fixing nut; the radiation unit is composed of a cross oscillator, a paired socket and a coaxial; Square platform with multi-edges, the lower end of the platform is threaded, and the inner side of the thread is SMP interface; the radiation unit is inserted into the cavity surface and fixed by the thread and the fixing nut; there are two symmetrical gap baluns on the coaxial outer conductor ; The coaxial inner conductor is fixedly connected with one oscillator in the cross oscillator.

The slit balun and the cross vibrator form an angle of 36 degrees.

The vibrator of the cross vibrator adopts a rectangular structure, and the aspect ratio of the vibrator is designed to be 5:3.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The utility model adopts the discrete design of the radiation unit and the cavity, and the integrated design of the radiation unit square table, screw thread and SMP interface. Through the direct insertion of the mass-produced radiation unit and the cavity, the active The interconnection of modules (extensions connected to the phased array and the array) solves the shortcomings of the previous screw fixing and welding assembly methods, realizes direct pluggable and replaceable, and reduces the difficulty and cost of development.

(2) The utility model inserts the multi-edged square platform on the socket at the bottom of the radiation unit with the multi-edged threaded cavity at the bottom of each cavity on the cavity surface, on the one hand, it realizes the fixing of the radiation unit in the cavity , on the other hand, determine the relative direction of each radiation unit in the array, and at the same time solve the problem of insufficient space for welding and screw fixing in a very small space, and meet the engineering feasibility of Ka wide-angle scanning array.

(3) The utility model realizes impedance matching by changing the position and direction of the gap balun on the coaxial outer conductor. In the prior art, when a single radiating unit is used in the low frequency band, the slotted balun is in the middle of two adjacent vibrators of the coaxial outer conductor, and is 45 degrees away from the vibrator. In the utility model, the two symmetrical slot baluns are close to two adjacent long and short vibrators among the four vibrators, and the gap and the vibrator form an angle of 36 degrees, so that the antenna aperture can obtain better standing waves when the aperture is less than half the wavelength.

(4) The four vibrators of the utility model adopt a rectangular structure, and the width-to-thickness ratio of the vibrator is designed to be 5:3, which solves the problem of deformation easily caused by stamping vibrators when processing small-sized square (or round) vibrators in the Ka frequency band, thereby ensuring The batch consistency and precision of vibrator processing reduces the difficulty of vibrator processing.

(5) The design ideas of the present utility model can be used not only for the design of Ka frequency band antennas, but also for the design of wide-angle scanning array antennas of Ku, K, EHF and other frequency bands.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the utility model;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation unit;

Figure 3 is a sectional view of the radiation unit;

Fig. 4 (A) is the simulation graph of the radiation pattern of the radiation unit of the present invention;

Fig. 4 (B) is the simulation curve of axial ratio of radiation unit of the present utility model;

Fig. 5 (A) is the simulation graph of the radiation pattern of the array antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 5(B) is a simulation curve of the axial ratio of the radiation unit of the array antenna of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.

As shown in Figure 1, the array antenna of the present invention is a Ka-band circularly polarized wide-angle scanning array antenna with 64 crossed oscillators installed in 64 cavity surfaces. It includes a cavity surface 1, a radiation unit 2 and a fixing nut 3. The cavity surface 1 ensures the unidirectional radiation of the antenna, and the cavity surface 1 and the fixing nut 3 realize the assembly and fixing of 64 radiation units 2 .

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the radiation unit 2 is composed of a cross vibrator 4 , a mating socket 6 and a coaxial 8 . The mating socket 6 has a square platform 11, the lower end of the square platform 11 is a thread 12, and the inner side of the thread 12 is an SMP interface 13. There are two symmetrical slot baluns 5 on the outer conductor 9 of the coaxial 8, and the slot baluns 5 are close to two adjacent long and short vibrators among the four vibrators, and the slots and the vibrator form an angle of 36 degrees.

The inner conductor 7 and the cross oscillator 4 are interconnected by welding; the inner conductor 7 and the outer conductor 9 are supported and fixed by the medium 10 . When the radiation unit 2 is inserted into the cavity surface 1 , it is fixed with the fixing nut 3 through the thread 12 .

The vibrator of the cross vibrator 4 of the present utility model adopts a rectangular structure, and its aspect ratio is 5:3.

The antenna of the utility model realizes circular polarization through the cross vibrator 4 ; realizes impedance transformation through the gap balun 5 ; and completes the assembly of 64 radiation units 2 on the cavity surface 1 through the mating socket 6 . The square platform 11 in the plug joint 6 determines the direction of the radiation unit 2, the thread 12 fixes the radiation unit 2, and the SMP interface 13 realizes direct insertion with the TR assembly.

The antenna of this structure should realize the scanning performance with wide angle (two-dimensional cone of ± 60-70 degrees) in the Ka frequency band. The simulation curve of the radiation unit 2 is shown in Figure 3; the simulation curve of the 64-element array antenna at ±60 degrees is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that the utility model has the characteristics of high scanning frequency, wide scanning angle and good axial ratio.

The antenna can also be applied to array antennas above Ku, especially wide-angle scanning phased arrays. The antenna can not only be used as the feed source of the array antenna, but the antenna itself is also a miniaturized antenna with excellent performance, wide beam, circular polarization, and single-point feed, which can be used in airborne, missile-borne, space-borne, etc. platform. And because of its small size and light weight, it is especially suitable for the application of high-speed maneuvering platforms. At the same time, it has conformal shape with the platform, flexible beam agility, and strong anti-interference ability. It can be applied to platforms such as future advanced fighters and unmanned aerial vehicles. , is highly competitive.

Of course, the equivalent transformation or replacement of each component, positional relationship and connection mode of the present invention without changing its function also falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The parts not specified in the description of the utility model belong to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1. A Ka-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized array antenna is characterized in that: it comprises a cavity surface (1), a radiation unit (2) and a fixed nut (3); the radiation unit (2) is composed of a cross vibrator (4) , mating socket (6) and coaxial (8); the mating socket (6) has a square platform (11), the lower end of the square platform (11) is a thread (12), and the inner side of the thread (12) is an SMP interface ( 13); the radiation unit (2) is inserted into the cavity surface (1), and fixed with the fixing nut (3) through the thread (12); there are two symmetrical gap baluns on the outer conductor (9) of the coaxial (8) (5); the inner conductor (7) of the coaxial (8) is fixedly connected to one oscillator in the cross oscillator (4). 2 . The Ka-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized array antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the slot balun ( 5 ) forms an angle of 36 degrees with the cross oscillator. 3 . 3. A Ka-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oscillator of the cross oscillator (4) adopts a rectangular structure, and the aspect ratio of the oscillator is 5:3.

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