CN201746873U - Sand filter suitable for village - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sand filter suitable for village, which aims to solve the problem of drinking water safety in the areas where the singe person directly gets drinking water from rivers or lakes. The utility model mainly comprises a sand filter, a self-suction pump, a high-level water tank and corresponding pipelines, wherein the sand filter comprises a bedstone (1), a plastic barrel (2), gravel (3), quartz filter material (4), a water inlet pipe (5) and a backwashing water pipe (6), wherein the height of the quartz filter material is 0.8-1.2m, the particle size of the quartz filter material is 0.5-1.2mm, the nonuniformity coefficient K 80 is less than 2, the thickness is 0.7-1m, the expansion ratio is 30-45%, the particle size of gravel (3) is 4-8mm, the thickness of the gravel (3) is 120-200mm, the flow is 6-10m<3>/h, the filter speed is 8-10m/h, the backwashing strength is 9-15L/(s.m<2>), and the backwashing time is 4-6min. The utility model is suitable for the water intaking system in villages, and has significance for solving the problem of the drinking water safety in the areas where the singe person directly gets drinking water from rivers or lakes.

Description

A kind of sand filter that is adapted to the rural area

Technical field

The utility model relates to the water supply field, is a kind of sand filter that is adapted to southern rural area specifically.

Background technology

Along with China's economy and Increase of population, grow with each passing day for the demand of water.China is as large agricultural country, and people in the countryside account for the over half of national population.China's south abundant water, though the water body of large-size lake such as Taihu Lake, Dian Chi is subjected to serious pollution and causes serious drinking water safety problem, but be not subjected to industrial pollution substantially for water source as rural areas, ground such as Anhui, Jiangxi, because these regional economy relatively backwardness, geographical position inconvenience etc. are former thereby make the running water pipe screen cloth establish the comparison difficulty, mainly still adopt single household directly just to advance from river or small-sized lake and fetch water.Yet, though directly never be subjected to the river or the lake water intaking of industrial pollution, similar phenol can not occur pollutes, incidents such as blue algae bloom, it is higher that but the turbidity of natural water body compares, the rural area of Luo Houing and ignored this problem relatively, particularly in flood outburst directly the turbidity of water intaking can reach several thousand even up to ten thousand and can't drink at all, also there is the peasant of small part to adopt directly in water vat, to add alum and makes the pollutant precipitation, owing to there is not experience, the dosage of alum is inaccuracy very also, and so also the supernatant that can only take a morsel from water vat top will be got a large amount of water and could satisfy the drinking water demand as drinking water every day.Simultaneously, because directly water intaking, blocking pipe such as water plant in river or the lake or other foreign material also can usually occur and can't supply water, even the damage water pump, suitable trouble keeped in repair.

Therefore, the new economically viable intake technology of exploitation solve single household directly from the river or the people's in water intaking area, lake drinking water safety problem have great importance.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to solve single household directly from the river or the people's in water intaking area, lake drinking water safety problem.

The utility model mainly comprises sand filter, self priming pump, high level cistern and corresponding pipeline.

Sand filter is made up of foundation stone (1), plastic barrel (2), gravel (3), quartz sand filter media (4), water inlet pipe (5) and backwash water pipe (6), and wherein quartz sand filter media (4) highly is 0.8～1.2m, and particle diameter is 0.5～1.2mm, nonuniformity coefficient K ₈₀＜2, thickness 0.7～1m, expansion rate is 30%～45%, and gravel (3) particle diameter is 4～8mm, and thickness is 120～200mm, and flow is 6～10m ³/ h, the rate of filtration is 8～10m/h, back washing strength is 9～15L/ (sm ²), backwashing time is 4～6min.

The designing and calculating of sand filter is as follows:

(1) area in filter tank and size

Sand filter flow Q gets 6～10m ³/ h, filtering velocity V gets 8～10m/h, and back washing strength q gets 9～15L/ (sm ²), backwashing time T gets 4～6min, and expansion rate is 30%～45%, and then the filter tank area is:

$A=\frac{Q}{V}$

Column type is adopted in the design filter tank, water inlet on every side, middle water outlet.Quartz sand height h gets 0.8～1.2m in the pond, and then the radius of cylinder is:

$R=\frac{A}{2\mathrm{\&pi;h}}$

(2) height in filter tank

Inner ring gravel supporting layer radius is 120～200mm, quartz sand thickness 0.7～1m, and outer ring gravel thickness 120～200mm, expansion rate is 30%～45% during the quartz sand backwash, gets the above outer ring height 0.4～0.45m of sand, the protection height is 0.1～0.2m.

(3) backwash

Main flow: Q ₁=q * A, flow velocity is got V=1.0～1.5m/s in the main, then the main caliber:

$D=\sqrt{\frac{4\&times;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="Q"\; filenames="H2010200223863E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}_1}{\mathrm{\&pi;V}}}$

Washing water quantity is: Q ₁* T

Wc flushing cistern should store the required water yield of backwash in filter tank, but water tank capacity should be 1.5 times of filter ground washing water quantity at least.Then the volume of water tank is: 1.5 * Q ₁, the volume of water tank is 3～9m ³, adopting column type, diameter is 1.6～2.4m, height is 1.5～2.0m.

Adopt small resistance water wiring system, modified nylon filter during backwash.Then backwash water tank to the height on filter tank rhone top is:

H＝h ₁+h ₂+h ₃+h ₄+h ₅

H in the formula ₁-from water tank ducted head loss, get 1.0～1.5m to the filter tank;

h ₂0.3m is got in the head loss of-filter underdrain system;

h ₃The head loss of-supporting layer, h ₃=0.002 * q * z, q are back washing strength, and z is a supporting layer thickness;

h ₄The head loss of-filter material layer,

ρ s is the density of filtrate, and ρ is the density of water, m ₀For the void content before the filtrate expansion, get 0.3～0.4, L ₀Be the thickness before the filtering layer expansion;

h ₅-standby head is got 1.5m.

(4) type selecting of self priming pump

Flow Q=6～the 10m of pump ³/ h, lift H=H ₀+ h+ Δ H _t+ h ₀,

H in the formula ₀-cleaning filtering layer head loss value is got 0.3～0.4m;

1.0～2.0m is got in head loss in h-supporting layer and the pipeline;

Δ H _t-head loss value added is got 1.2m;

h ₀Arrive the height of pump water sucking mouth at the bottom of the-water tank.

In the design, the filter tank is placed on the limit, river course near user's one side, and the pond body adopts plastic plate, and the pond body is peripheral to be the gravel reinforcing of 100～200mm with particle diameter; Water from around enter into the filter tank, after filtering, pump extracts filter back water discontinuously from the filter tank, get to then in the water tank and use for the user; Behind filter tank accumulation operation 24～48h, be arranged on the PLC control system on the water tank, open automatic alarm switch, this moment, the user only need open the seal cover of upper end, filter tank, and backwash is carried out in the filter tank automatically, covers the filter tank lid behind the 5min again and gets final product.

Independently take river lake water as drinking water for single household, the method is simple, and floor space is little, and construction cost is low, and energy consumption is low, is easy to management and operation; The hydraulic load height can be consistent with environmental harmony, and is practical.This water intake system has good environmental benefit and economic benefit.

Description of drawings

Further specify this use is novel below in conjunction with Figure of description.

Fig. 1 is a sectional drawing of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a vertical view of the present utility model.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with Figure of description, be example with southern Anqing somewhere, the utility model and the specific embodiment thereof are described in further detail.

(1) area in filter tank and size

Sand filter flow Q=10m ³/ h, filtering velocity V=8m/h, back washing strength q=15L/ (sm ²), time T=5min, expansion rate is 45%, then the filter tank area is:

$A=\frac{Q}{V}=\frac{10}{8}=1.25\left(m^2\right)$

Column type is adopted in the design filter tank, water inlet on every side, middle water outlet.The height of getting quartz sand filter media in the pond (4) is 1.0m, and then the radius of cylinder is:

$R=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="A"\; filenames="H2010200223863E00011.png,H2010200223863E00012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}}{2\mathrm{\&pi;h}}=\frac{1.25}{2\&times;3.14\&times;1.0}=0.2\left(m\right)$

(2) height in filter tank

Gravel (3), inner ring gravel supporting layer radius is 200mm, quartz sand thickness 700mm, outer ring gravel thickness 100mm, expansion rate is 45% during the quartz sand backwash, gets the above outer ring height 0.45m of sand, the protection height is 0.15m.

(3) backwash

Main flow: Q ₁=q * A=15 * 2 * π * 0.2 * 1.0=18.84 (L/s), flow velocity is got V=1.2m/s in the main, then the main caliber:

$D=\sqrt{\frac{4Q}{\mathrm{\&pi;V}}}=\sqrt{\frac{4\&times;0.01884}{3.14\&times;1.2}}=141\left(\mathrm{mm}\right),$ Get D=140mm

Washing water quantity is: Q ₁* T=0.01884 * 5 * 60=5.65 (m ³).

Wc flushing cistern should store the required water yield of filter tank once flushing, but water tank capacity should be 1.5 times of filter ground washing water quantity at least.Then the volume of water tank is: 1.5 * Q ₁=1.5 * 5.65=8.48 (m ³), the volume of water tank is 9m ³, adopting column type, diameter is 1.2m, height is 2.0m.

Adopt small resistance water wiring system, modified nylon filter during backwash.Then backwash water tank to the height on filter tank rhone top is:

H＝h ₁+h ₂+h ₃+h ₄+h ₅

H in the formula ₁-from water tank ducted head loss, get 1.5m to the filter tank;

h ₂0.3m is got in the head loss of-filter underdrain system;

h ₃The head loss of-supporting layer, h ₃=0.0022qz=0.0022 * 15 * 0.2=0.066 (m), q are back washing strength, and z is a supporting layer thickness;

h ₄The head loss of-filter material layer;

ρ _sBe the density of filtrate, ρ is the density of water, m ₀For the void content before the filtrate expansion, get 0.38, L ₀Be the thickness before the filtering layer expansion;

h ₅-standby head is got 1.5m.

Then: H=1.5+0.3+0.066+0.52+1.5=3.89 (m)

(4) type selecting of self priming pump

The flow Q=m of pump ³/ h, lift H=H ₀+ h+ Δ H _t+ h ₀,

H in the formula ₀-cleaning filtering layer head loss value is got 0.35m;

2.0m is got in head loss in h-supporting layer and the pipeline;

Δ H _t-head loss value added is got 1.2m;

h ₀Arrive the height of pump water sucking mouth at the bottom of the-water tank.

Then: H=0.35+2.0+1.2+5.52=9.07 (m)

The model of pump: 1DK1-14, flow 10m ³/ h, lift 14m.

Claims (3)

1. a sand filter that is adapted to the rural area is characterized in that comprising sand filter, self priming pump, high level cistern and corresponding pipeline; Cylindrical sand filter is reinforced by peripheral foundation stone (1), and pipeline runs through whole sand filter from its bottom, and self priming pump and high level cistern carry out transmission ﹠ distribution water by pipeline to sand filter.

2. the sand filter that is adapted to the rural area according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this sand filter comprises: foundation stone (1), plastic barrel (2), gravel (3), quartz sand filter media (4), water inlet pipe (5) and backwash water pipe (6), be filled with two circle gravels (3) in the plastic barrel of this sand filter (2), one circle quartz sand filter media (4), wherein quartz sand filter media (4) highly is 0.8～1.2m, thickness 0.7～1m, gravel (3) thickness is 120～200mm.

3. sand filter according to claim 2 is characterized in that gravel (3), and inner ring gravel supporting layer radius is 120～200mm; quartz sand thickness 0.7～1m; outer ring gravel thickness 120～200mm gets the above outer ring height 0.4～0.45m of sand, and the protection height is 0.1～0.2m.

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