CN201718259U - Ventilating system for culture of plant seedlings in full-closed environment - Google Patents
Ventilating system for culture of plant seedlings in full-closed environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201718259U CN201718259U CN2010202353378U CN201020235337U CN201718259U CN 201718259 U CN201718259 U CN 201718259U CN 2010202353378 U CN2010202353378 U CN 2010202353378U CN 201020235337 U CN201020235337 U CN 201020235337U CN 201718259 U CN201718259 U CN 201718259U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- blower fan
- rearing room
- air
- seedling rearing
- seedling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The utility model discloses a ventilating system for the culture of plant seedlings in a full-closed environment, which relates to the technical field of agricultural growing. The ventilating system comprises a full-closed seedling-culturing box (32), an exhaust fan (1), an air conditioner (4), an automatic controller (8), a CO2 supply tank (5), an O2 supply tank (6), an upper seedling-culturing chamber (3) and a lower seedling-culturing chamber (7), both the upper seedling-culturing chamber (3) and the lower seedling-culturing chamber (7) comprise a plurality of layers of seedling-culturing shelves, both sidewalls (13) of the upper seedling-culturing chamber (3) and the lower seedling-culturing chamber (7) are provided with a plurality of air holes (10), air passages (9) are arranged at both sides of the upper seedling-culturing chamber (3) and the lower seedling-culturing chamber (7), the left side of the upper seedling-culturing chamber (3) is communicated with the left side of the lower seedling-culturing chamber (7) via the exhaust fan (1), and the right side of the lower seedling-culturing chamber (7) is communicated with the right side of the upper seedling-culturing chamber (3) via an exhaust fan (2). The ventilating system can simulate natural ventilation in the full-closed environment seedling-culturing equipment and implement the functions of uniform ventilation, dehumidification, humidification, heating, refrigeration, O2 and CO2 supply and the like on the culture of highly dense seedlings on the seedling-culturing shelves, and is applicable to the culture of plants in greenhouses under various environments, as well as the growing of plants in full-closed environments.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the agricultural planting technique field, particularly the ventilation unit of a kind of culturing seedlings of plants in full-closed environment in the industrialized agriculture technology.
Background technology
In the prior art, the draft type of growing seedlings in greenhouse in the industrialized agriculture (comprising plastic tunnel, glass greenhouse etc.) mainly contains two kinds, a kind of is the mode of taking only to adorn two-way blower fan, by blasting fresh air or indoor air extraction, row are realized that to outdoor mode room ventilation and new wind replenish to indoor; Another kind of mode then is to open the both sides covering in greenhouse, allows its gravity-flow ventilation.These draft types all have the following disadvantages: the one, and room ventilation is inhomogeneous; The 2nd, the blower ventilation energy resource consumption is big, and the 3rd, to the requirement of even ventilation condition, particularly can not be implemented under the closed environment multilayer grow seedlings frame high density grow seedlings required even ventilation, dehumidifying, humidification, refrigeration, O in the time of can not solving botanical seedling culturing
2, CO
2Multiple demand such as replenish.
Summary of the invention
At the existing in prior technology deficiency, technical problem to be solved in the utility model provides a kind ofly can imitate gravity-flow ventilation in the full-closed environment seedling equipment, be implemented in multilayer in the full-closed environment grow seedlings even ventilation, dehumidifying, humidification, heating, refrigeration that the frame high density grows seedlings, replenish O
2And CO
2Ventilation unit etc. function.
Technical solution adopted in the utility model is the ventilation unit of a kind of culturing seedlings of plants in full-closed environment of design: comprise the totally-enclosed that has control gate grow seedlings casing 32 and exhausting blower fan 1; Both sides in casing 32 is grown seedlings in totally-enclosed, device has air-conditioner 4, automaton 8 and CO respectively
2Replenish jar 5 and O
2Replenish jar 6, wherein part device is by multilayer the grow seedlings last seedling rearing room that is configured to 3 and following seedling rearing room 7, have a plurality of air ports 10 on the both sides sidewall 13 of last seedling rearing room 3 and following seedling rearing room 7, and be provided with air channel 9 in its both sides, the left side of last seedling rearing room 3 is communicated with by exhausting blower fan 1 with the left side of following seedling rearing room 7, and the right of following seedling rearing room 7 is communicated with by air draft blower fan 2 with the right of last seedling rearing room 3.
Returning apparatus has exhausting humidity sensor 27, exhausting temperature sensor 26 and blast switch 28 between last seedling rearing room 3 and exhausting blower fan 1; Returning apparatus has outside air draft control valve 12, adds low temperature valve 30 and heating valve 31 between exhausting blower fan 1 and following seedling rearing room 7; Returning apparatus has outside air intake valve 17, blast gauge tap 18, CO between following seedling rearing room 7 and air draft blower fan 2
2Replenishment valve 14 and O
2Replenishment valve 15; Returning apparatus has dehumidifying humidifier 16, air draft blast switch 19, air draft humidity sensor 22, temperature of outgoing air sensor 23, CO between air draft blower fan 2 and last seedling rearing room 3
2Sensor 24, air flow sensor 25 and O
2Sensor 29; Exhausting blower fan 1, air draft humidity sensor 22, exhausting humidity sensor 27, temperature of outgoing air sensor 23, exhausting temperature sensor 26, blast gauge tap 18, air draft blast switch 19, blast switch 28, outside air draft control valve 12, add low temperature valve 30 and heating valve 31, air draft blower fan 2, outside air intake valve 17, CO
2Replenishment valve 14, O
2The control line of replenishment valve 15, dehumidifying humidifier 16 all connects automaton 8.
Returning apparatus has basket strainer 11 between last seedling rearing room 3 and exhausting blower fan 1, and blast switch 28 devices are on basket strainer 11; Returning apparatus has sterilization net 21 between following seedling rearing room 7 and air draft blower fan 2, and blast gauge tap 18 devices are on sterilization net 21; Returning apparatus has sterilization net 20 between air draft blower fan 2 and last seedling rearing room 3, and air draft blast switch 19 devices are on sterilization net 20.
The ventilation unit of a kind of culturing seedlings of plants in full-closed environment of the present utility model, be equipped with respectively in the air channel, both sides of seedling rearing room and following seedling rearing room in the totally-enclosed seedling growing box exhausting blower fan and air draft blower fan are housed respectively, it is that air channel by both sides is communicated with successively and forms interior circulating ventilation loop that last seedling rearing room returns seedling rearing room to the air draft blower fan to following seedling rearing room more again to the exhausting blower fan, and by the exhausting blower fan carry out exhausting, the air draft blower fan carries out air draft, circulating ventilation in forming; Simultaneously, installed a series of sensing and control device additional, thereby, compared with prior art, have the following advantages:
The one, under totally-enclosed botanical seedling culturing environment, use the multilayer frame multilayer of growing seedlings to grow seedlings, can realize that each working surfaces of growing seedlings evenly ventilates, satisfy the botanical seedling culturing ventilation requirement;
The 2nd, take the pumping, ventilation combination, two blower fans are worked simultaneously, can realize culturing seedlings of plants in full-closed environment, same environment, two-way utilization is rationally grown seedlings each aspect of frame as the air channel, reduces the air channel along contrary pump drainage ventilation, improves the wind effect;
The 3rd, utilize a ventilating system, can realize interior evenly heating and cooling, humidification, dehumidifying, outdoor new wind and O in the totally-enclosed seedling equipment
2, CO
2Replenish, multiple function such as sterilization; Simultaneously can utilize natural environment internal-external temperature difference auxiliary temperature-reducing, energy savings;
The 4th, can realize the Automatic Control of ventilating, the present invention is the simulating plant required best natural wind environment of growing seedlings entirely, and is windy to ventilation, guarantees the optimal ventilation condition of plant seedling growth;
The 5th, be convenient to ventilation is combined with the lighting science, realize in the same environment that the automatic hardening of botanical seedling culturing reduces manually, raises labour efficiency, and makes things convenient for the transplanting in plantling land for growing field crops, improve plant seedling and transplant the back survival rate;
The 6th, utilize the frame of the growing seedlings work interlayer of growing seedlings to be the ventilation wind path of nature, pump drainage ventilates, and need not to use a large amount of special ventilation shafts, realizes no pipe ventilated, reduction device fabrication cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that master of the present utility model looks schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the control principle schematic diagram of the utility model air draft part;
Fig. 3 is the control principle schematic diagram of the utility model exhausting part.
Among the figure: the 1st, exhausting blower fan, the 2nd, air draft blower fan, the 3rd, last seedling rearing room, the 4th, air-conditioner, the 5th, CO
2Replenish jar, the 6th, O
2Replenish jar, the 7th, following seedling rearing room, the 8th, automaton, the 9th, air channel, the 10th, air port, the 11st, basket strainer, the 12nd, outside air draft control valve, the 13rd, madial wall, the 14th, CO
2Replenishment valve, the 15th, O
2Replenishment valve, the 16th, dehumidifying humidifier, the 17th, outside air intake valve, the 18th, blast gauge tap, the 19th, air draft blast switch, the 20th, sterilization net, the 21st, sterilization net, the 22nd, air draft humidity sensor, the 23rd, temperature of outgoing air sensor, the 24th, CO
2Sensor, the 25th, air flow sensor, the 26th, exhausting temperature sensor, the 27th, exhausting humidity sensor, the 28th, blast switch, the 29th, O
2Sensor, the 30th, add low temperature valve, the 31st, heating valve, the 32nd, the totally-enclosed casing of growing seedlings.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further described.
Present embodiment be by totally-enclosed grow seedlings casing 32, go up seedling rearing room 3, seedling rearing room 7, exhausting blower fan 1, air draft blower fan 2, air-conditioner 4, CO down
2Replenish jar 5, O
2Replenish formations such as jar 6, automaton 8.
The totally-enclosed casing 32 of growing seedlings is the airtight casing of a rectangle, the front has control gate, be divided into two parts (seeing shown in Figure 1) up and down by dividing plate in the middle of in its chamber, two-part middle part about this, (present embodiment is set to the multilayer frame of growing seedlings for the last seedling rearing room 3 that is configured to of being grown seedlings by multilayer on it, a plurality of multilayers frame of growing seedlings also can be set), its following seedling rearing room 7 that is configured to for growing seedlings down (present embodiment is set to the multilayer frame of growing seedlings, and a plurality of multilayers frame of growing seedlings also can be set) by multilayer; On the side 13 of last seedling rearing room 3 and following seedling rearing room 7, each layer all has a plurality of air ports 10.The grow seedlings cavity at the two ends in casing 32 chambeies of totally-enclosed is respectively applied for device automaton 8, air channel 9, CO
2Replenish jar 5 and O
2Replenish jar 6 and air-conditioner 4 and pipeline; Between the side 13 of the inner side edge of the cavity at these two ends and last seedling rearing room 3 and following seedling rearing room 7, form air channel 9.In in right-hand member cavity air channel, exhausting temperature sensor 26 and exhausting humidity sensor 27 are equipped with in its top, simultaneously, basket strainer 11 are housed also, on this basket strainer 11 blast switch 28 are housed; Part device exhausting blower fan 1 wherein; Its underpart also is equipped with outside air draft control valve 12 and is added low temperature valve 30 and heating valve 31, and the discharge pipe of outside air draft control valve 12 passes to the grow seedlings outside of casing 32 of totally-enclosed.In the air channel in the left end cavity, outside air intake valve 17, sterilization net 21 and CO are equipped with in its underpart
2Replenishment valve 14 and O
2Replenishment valve 15, and blast gauge tap 18 also is housed on sterilization net 21; The blast pipe of outside air intake valve 17 passes to the grow seedlings outside of casing 32 of totally-enclosed; Part device air draft blower fan 2 wherein; Dehumidifying humidifier 16, sterilization net 20 and air draft humidity sensor 22, temperature of outgoing air sensor 23, CO are equipped with in its top
2Sensor 24, air flow sensor 25 and O
2Sensor 29, blast switch 19 devices are on sterilization net 20.
During use, start exhausting blower fan 1 and air draft blower fan 2, at this moment, the air that exhausting blower fan 1 will be gone up in the seedling rearing room 3 are taken out to the middle part by the air port 10 of last seedling rearing room 3, the top in right-hand member cavity air channel 9, after passing basket strainer 11 and filtering, blow to the bottom by exhausting blower fan 1; Enter the air of bottom, enter down in the seedling rearing room 7, enter the bottom in left end cavity air channel 9 again through the air port 10 on following seedling rearing room 7 left sides via the air port 10 of descending seedling rearing room 7.Enter the air of 9 bottoms, left end cavity air channel, it enters the middle part by air draft blower fan 2 guiding, pass sterilization net 21 sterilizations after, by air draft blower fan 2 with its row to top; Enter the air on top, pass sterilization net 20 sterilizations after, the air port 10 by last seedling rearing room 3 left sides enters in the seedling rearing room 3 again, circulating ventilation loop in forming.Enter next interior circulating ventilation thereafter.
When air passes through exhausting humidity sensor 27 and exhausting temperature sensor 26, exhausting humidity sensor 27 and exhausting temperature sensor 26 can pass its temperature and humidity signal that measures to automaton 8, compare: if temperature is higher or lower than when setting value, automaton 8 will be exported appointment, start air-conditioner 4, freeze or heat, and in air, inject cold air or hot gas, regulate the temperature inside the box and remain near the setting value by adding low temperature valve 30 or heating valve 31; If when humidity was higher or lower than setting value, automaton 8 also can be exported appointment, dehumidify or humidification by dehumidifying humidifier 16, so that keep the interior humidity of case near setting value.When blast switch 28 detected blast in the case and is higher or lower than setting value, automaton 8 will be exported appointment, starts outside air draft control valve 12 or outside air intake valve 17, carries out air draft or air intake, so that keep blast in the case near setting value.Work as CO
2Sensor 24 detects the CO of air in the case
2When concentration was lower than setting value, automaton 8 can be specified in output, starts CO
2Replenishment valve 14, replenish air CO in case
2Work as O
2Sensor 29 detects the O of air in the case
2When concentration was lower than setting value, automaton 8 can be specified in output, starts O
2Replenishment valve 15, replenish air O in case
2Work as CO
2Sensor 24 or O
2Sensor 29 detects the CO of air in the case
2Or O
2Concentration is higher than when setting value, and automaton 8 can be specified in output, starts outside air draft control valve 12 and outside air intake valve 17, the air in the discharge portion branch mailbox, is drawn into the outer air of part case simultaneously, so that keep the CO of air in the case
2Or O
2Concentration is near setting value.When air flow sensor 25 detected in the case air flow amount numerical value and is higher or lower than setting value, automaton 8 will be exported appointment, allowed exhausting blower fan 1 and air draft blower fan 2 change slow or accelerated, so that keep best ventilation condition.Air draft humidity sensor 22 and temperature of outgoing air sensor 23 can detect once more, and can carry out temperature, humidity control by automaton 8 equally.Equally, blast gauge tap 18 and air draft blast switch 19 also can carry out blast once more and detect, and can carry out blast control by automaton 8 equally.
The utility model is fit to greenhouse and the interior botanical seedling culturing of booth under the various environment, also is fit to the plant planting under the full-closed environment.
Claims (3)
1. the ventilation unit of a culturing seedlings of plants in full-closed environment comprises the totally-enclosed that has control gate grow seedlings casing (32) and exhausting blower fan (1); It is characterized in that: the both sides in casing (32) is grown seedlings in totally-enclosed, device has air-conditioner (4), automaton (8) and CO respectively
2Replenish jar (5) and an O
2Replenish jar (6), the part device last seedling rearing room (3) and the following seedling rearing room (7) of growing seedlings and being configured to wherein by multilayer, have a plurality of air ports (10) on the both sides sidewall (13) of last seedling rearing room (3) and following seedling rearing room (7), and be provided with air channel (9) in its both sides, the left side of last seedling rearing room (3) is communicated with by exhausting blower fan (1) with the left side of following seedling rearing room (7), and the right of following seedling rearing room (7) is communicated with by air draft blower fan (2) with the right of last seedling rearing room (3).
2. the ventilation unit of culturing seedlings of plants in full-closed environment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: returning apparatus has exhausting humidity sensor (27), exhausting temperature sensor (26) and blast switch (28) between last seedling rearing room (3) and exhausting blower fan (1); Returning apparatus has outside air draft control valve (12), adds low temperature valve (30) and heating valve (31) between exhausting blower fan (1) and following seedling rearing room (7); Returning apparatus has outside air intake valve (17), blast gauge tap (18), CO between following seedling rearing room (7) and air draft blower fan (2)
2Replenishment valve (14) and O
2Replenishment valve (15); Returning apparatus has dehumidifying humidifier (16), air draft blast switch (19), air draft humidity sensor (22), temperature of outgoing air sensor (23), CO between air draft blower fan (2) and last seedling rearing room (3)
2Sensor (24), air flow sensor (25) and O
2Sensor (29); Exhausting blower fan (1), air draft humidity sensor (22), exhausting humidity sensor (27), temperature of outgoing air sensor (23), exhausting temperature sensor (26), blast gauge tap (18), air draft blast switch (19), blast switch (28), outside air draft control valve (12), add low temperature valve (30) and heating valve (31), air draft blower fan (2), outside air intake valve (17), CO
2Replenishment valve (14), O
2The control line of replenishment valve (15), dehumidifying humidifier (16) all connects automaton (8).
3. the ventilation unit of culturing seedlings of plants in full-closed environment according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: returning apparatus has basket strainer (11) between last seedling rearing room (3) and exhausting blower fan (1), and blast switch (28) installs on basket strainer (11); Returning apparatus has sterilization net (21) between following seedling rearing room (7) and air draft blower fan (2), and blast gauge tap (18) installs on sterilization net (21); Returning apparatus has sterilization net (20) between air draft blower fan (2) and last seedling rearing room (3), and air draft blast switch (19) installs on sterilization net (20).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202353378U CN201718259U (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | Ventilating system for culture of plant seedlings in full-closed environment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202353378U CN201718259U (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | Ventilating system for culture of plant seedlings in full-closed environment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201718259U true CN201718259U (en) | 2011-01-26 |
Family
ID=43486517
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202353378U Expired - Lifetime CN201718259U (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | Ventilating system for culture of plant seedlings in full-closed environment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201718259U (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550329A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-07-11 | 吴小平 | Full-numerical-control track-type seeding culturing device |
| CN103592980A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-02-19 | 嘉善天慧光电科技有限公司 | Greenhouse automatic control system |
| CN103650985A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2014-03-26 | 周敏 | Humidity-control vegetable greenhouse |
| CN104429718A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-25 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Underwater enclosed cultivation system |
| CN113329621A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2021-08-31 | &埃韦尔有限公司 | Climate chamber for plant cultivation with optimized climate system |
| CN115119667A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-30 | 安徽新源农业科技有限公司 | Airflow distribution system and method for plant growth |
-
2010
- 2010-06-11 CN CN2010202353378U patent/CN201718259U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550329A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-07-11 | 吴小平 | Full-numerical-control track-type seeding culturing device |
| CN103592980A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-02-19 | 嘉善天慧光电科技有限公司 | Greenhouse automatic control system |
| CN103650985A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2014-03-26 | 周敏 | Humidity-control vegetable greenhouse |
| CN104429718A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-25 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Underwater enclosed cultivation system |
| CN113329621A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2021-08-31 | &埃韦尔有限公司 | Climate chamber for plant cultivation with optimized climate system |
| CN113329621B (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2023-01-20 | &埃韦尔有限公司 | Climate chamber for plant cultivation with optimized climate system |
| CN115119667A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-30 | 安徽新源农业科技有限公司 | Airflow distribution system and method for plant growth |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101849487B (en) | Ventilation method and ventilation device for culturing seedlings of plants in full-closed environment | |
| CN106508649B (en) | Plant soil-less culturing system | |
| CN201718259U (en) | Ventilating system for culture of plant seedlings in full-closed environment | |
| CN100553443C (en) | Closed is utilized the environmental-control type plant factor of artificial light fully | |
| CN102032628B (en) | Air supply system of earth source heat pump air conditioner in edible fungus culture chamber | |
| CN103004573B (en) | Ecological integrated decoration unit and use method thereof | |
| JP5989413B2 (en) | Plant cultivation apparatus and plant cultivation method | |
| CN206371204U (en) | A kind of container plant factor | |
| CN103181311B (en) | Integral uniform ventilation automatic control device for full-closed multi-frame combination seedling cultivation air duct | |
| CN106594915A (en) | Air purifying green bio-filter system combined with primary air system | |
| CN114364252A (en) | Greenhouse | |
| CN107246742A (en) | A kind of edible mushroom, the intellectuality of flower culture may move freezer room | |
| CN205249905U (en) | Rack is cultivateed to plant | |
| CN204482426U (en) | A kind of Novel temperature control type edible mushroom room | |
| CN203327585U (en) | Edible mushroom fruiting house | |
| CN111492868B (en) | Temperature control system and control method for plant planting box | |
| CN207400020U (en) | A kind of novel air processing system for agricultural greenhouse greenhouse | |
| CN110583468A (en) | Cultivation cabinet | |
| TWM318913U (en) | Cultivation chamber for graft seedling | |
| CN108713453A (en) | A kind of smart machine for building mushroom growth environment | |
| CN201758628U (en) | Air circulation system of micro vegetable factory | |
| CN102550326B (en) | Water curtain type evenly cooling and humidifying device for crop seedling culture in full-closed man-control environment | |
| CN104170688B (en) | Seedling cultivation greenhouse insulation dehumidifier | |
| CN203388000U (en) | Water curtain cooling system for enclosed seedling raising device | |
| CN207340741U (en) | A kind of novel agricultural greenhouse |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20110126 Effective date of abandoning: 20120125 |