CN201712467U

CN201712467U - Automatic speed changing system

Info

Publication number: CN201712467U
Application number: CN201020243981XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 章征凯
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-07-01
Filing date: 2010-07-01
Publication date: 2011-01-19
Anticipated expiration: 2020-07-01

Abstract

The utility model provides an automatic speed changing system belonging to the field of mechanical transmission. The automatic speed changing system solves the problems that the existing speeding changing system easily causes a power source to stop working when encountering heavy load and the rotating speed is low when in normal load. The automatic speed changing system comprises a speed reduction box and a speed reducer, wherein the input end of the speed reducer is used for connecting the power source, an overrunning coupler capable of enabling the power at the output end of the speed reducer to be transmitted to the speed reduction box is connected between the output end of the speed reducer and the speed reduction box, and the input end of the speed reducer is also connected with a centrifugal clutch capable of driving the speed reduction box to rotate. In the utility model, two gears are provided for the speed reduction box, wherein one is a high speed gear before speed reduction supplied by the centrifugal clutch, the other one is a low speed gear after speed reduction supplied by the overrunning coupler. When encountering the heavy load, the automatic speed changing system can automatically change to the low speed gear from the high speed gear to increase torsion, so that the power source can not generate flameout or rotation blocking; and when the load recovers to the normal value, the automatic speed changing system changes from the low speed gear to the high speed gear to increase the rotation speed and improve the efficiency.

Description

A kind of from speed change system

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of speed change system that can the automatically regulating rotating speed, belongs to mechanical transmission fields.

Background technology

Speed change system is widely used in the vehicular traffic, as automobile, motor etc.Existing speed change system is divided into two kinds basically, a kind of is that utmost point speed change is arranged, promptly between fixing several transmitting ratios, carry out conversion as required, another kind is an electrodeless variable-speed, be exactly to choose any one transmitting ratio within the specific limits, but any speed change system all must rely on manual or electronic the realization.

In order to make vehicle launch steady, thereby and can not have electricity at descending or under effect of inertia or do not have fuel oil and travel and reach purpose of energy saving, usually the mouth at speed change system connects an overriding clutch, the kind of overriding clutch is more, difference according to principle of work, can be divided into engagement overdrive clutch (promptly utilizing the engagement of joint element to come transmitting torque) and friction overdrive clutch (promptly utilizing the friction force of the surface of the work of joint element to come transmitting torque) two big classes, when starting vehicle and normal load, overriding clutch engages and drive battery-driven car or running car; When vehicle at descending or when relying on inertia to advance, overriding clutch is in released state, thereby plays purpose of energy saving.But when vehicle runs into precipitate heavy duty (as climbing), existing speed change system can't automatic deceleration to increase moment of torsion, cause engine off or motor rotation blockage; And when normal load, make the speed after the deceleration be passed to power element (as wheel) by overriding clutch, make vehicle not run at high speed, efficient is low, is producing, can bring a lot of inconvenience when running into similar problem in the life.

Summary of the invention

The utility model provides a kind of can and can prevent that propulsion source is suddenly out-of-work from speed change system according to the automatic conversion rotating speed of condition of loading when running into heavy duty.

The purpose of this utility model can realize by following technical proposal: a kind of from speed change system, comprise a drop-gear box and be located at the interior retarder of this drop-gear box, the input end of described retarder is used to connect the propulsion source that can make its rotation, also be connected with the transmission of power that can make the retarder mouth overriding clutch to the drop-gear box between the mouth of described retarder and the drop-gear box, it is characterized in that the input end of described retarder also is connected with and can directly drives the centrifugal clutch that drop-gear box rotates.

This is mainly used in the field of traffic such as battery-driven car, automobile from speed change system, also may be used in the manufacturing machine, as trac., reaper etc.Native system mainly is made of the retarder, centrifugal clutch and the overriding clutch that are installed in the drop-gear box, wherein, centrifugal clutch is connected the input end of retarder, overriding clutch is connected the mouth of retarder, overriding clutch and centrifugal clutch be the clutch of energy automatic guidance all, its structure all belongs to prior art, and its kind is a lot, as ratchet-type, Wedge-type and roller etc.During actual installation, whole drop-gear box is fixed near propulsion source places such as driving engine or motors, the input end of retarder is connected with propulsion source, drop-gear box is connected with power element (as the wheel hub of vehicle).

When startup or heavy duty, the rotating speed of propulsion source is low, and centrifugal clutch is in released state, changes and refuses by passing to drop-gear box output through overriding clutch again after the retarder deceleration, and moment of torsion is big at this moment, rotating speed is low; When startup is finished or during underloading, the power rotating speed reaches certain value, and centrifugal clutch is engaged, and the rotating speed before centrifugal clutch will not slow down is directly passed to drop-gear box, overriding clutch is in released state simultaneously, slowing down, it is separated to transmit, thereby for drop-gear box provides two retaining rotating speeds, and it is automaticallyed switch between this two retaining, but when descending or dependence coast, two power-transfer clutchs all are in released state, thereby realize not having oil or do not have electricity work, reach purpose of energy saving.

In speed change system, laterally be equipped with a main shaft above-mentioned in the described drop-gear box, described drop-gear box is axially fixed on this main shaft respectively with retarder and can circumferentially rotates relative to main shaft.Carry whole drop-gear box (comprising retarder, overriding clutch and centrifugal clutch etc. in the drop-gear box) by a main shaft, make carrying steadily, the mechanical strength height during actual installation, can be fixed on the two ends of main shaft the place near propulsion source.

In speed change system, described drop-gear box comprises casing and the case lid that is connected mutually above-mentioned, and the two ends of described main shaft pass casing and case lid respectively.During installation, end with main shaft passes casing earlier, again overriding clutch, retarder and centrifugal clutch are packed into successively in the casing, be closed with the open end of case lid again casing, easy for installation, under the effect of this external casing and case lid, can also prevent that each parts from being damaged, and make the working environment that keeps clean in the drop-gear box.

Above-mentioned in speed change system, described centrifugal clutch comprises the driven member that is fixed on the cabinet wall and the driving link that fixes with the input end of retarder, between described driving link and driven member, also be provided with centrifugal, and this centrifugal energy is connected with driven member under its centrifugal action that is subjected to.When propulsion source was opened, the rotating speed of driving link was low, made that centrifugal centnifugal force that is subjected to is little, and can't be connected with driven member that at this moment, centrifugal clutch is in released state; When the driving link rotation is quickened, centrifugal centnifugal force that is subjected to also and then increases, and radially thrown away to driven member and with driven member under centrifugal action until centrifugal to engage, at this moment, centrifugal clutch is just in running order, thereby makes the casing high speed operation.

Above-mentioned in speed change system, described driven member is the ratchet one with internal tooth, and described centrifugal is bar shaped, and one end off-centre is hinged on the driving link, the other end is connected with driving link by spring one, and this end has the clamp that can be connected with ratchet one.Have only when centrifugal suffered centnifugal force overcomes the pulling force of spring one, centrifugal clamp can be that centre of gration swings to ratchet one and is connected with its hinged place just, otherwise centrifugal just can't be delivered to the moment of torsion of driving link ratchet one, reliable operation.

In speed change system, described driving link is provided with two or more above-mentioned centrifugal above-mentioned, and each centrifugal is radial symmetry and distributes.By centrifugal of a plurality of radial symmetry distributions, make that driven member is stressed evenly, stability of rotation.

Above-mentioned in speed change system, described overriding clutch comprise one ringwise from moving-coil, be socketed on this in the moving-coil the active circle and be located at from moving-coil and initiatively move one-way clutch structure between the circle and when the rotating speed of circle initiatively can make astragal initiatively greater than from the rotating speed of moving-coil the time from moving-coil, describedly fix from moving-coil and casing, described active circle is driven by the mouth of retarder.When propulsion source (as driving engine or motor) when just opening, initiatively circle is driven and is rotated, and remains static from moving-coil, and its speed is zero, therefore, the rotating speed of active circle is greater than the rotating speed from moving-coil, and at this moment, the one-way clutch structure initiatively transmission of power of circle arrives from moving-coil, make driven astragal move the casing output torque, at this moment, overriding clutch promptly is in engagement state, thereby drives the power element slow running; When the rotating speed of circle initiatively less than from the rotating speed of moving-coil the time, the one-way clutch structure disconnect circle initiatively with from being connected of moving-coil, make overriding clutch be in released state.

In speed change system, the mouth of described active circle and retarder is made one above-mentioned.Integral structure can prevent that initiatively circle moves axially, and improves transmitting accuracy, and simplifies the installation of overriding clutch.

Above-mentioned in speed change system, described is inner gearing type ratchet two from moving-coil, described active circle is disk-shaped pawl base, described one-way clutch structure comprises that several are by circle distribution and be located at ratchet between ratchet two and the pawl base, one end of ratchet bears down on one on pawl base by spring two, when the relative ratchet two of described pawl base clockwise rotates, the other end of described ratchet is meshed with ratchet, when the relative ratchet two of described pawl base rotated counterclockwise, the other end of described ratchet broke away from ratchet two.This overriding clutch is a kind of engagement type free-wheel clutch, and when propulsion source starts when pawl base is clockwise rotated, ratchet will block ratchet two, and pawl base and ratchet two are connected as a single entity, between the two can not relative motion, and overriding clutch is in engagement state; When the rotating speed of ratchet two was higher than the rotating speed of pawl base, ratchet was thrown off ratchet two, and pawl base and ratchet two all become free gear, and overriding clutch is in released state, and at this moment, casing relies on inertia to rotate.

Above-mentioned in speed change system, described retarder comprises one-level driving gear, one-level driven gear, secondary driving gear and secondary driven gear, described one-level driving gear axially is fixed on the main shaft and can rotates relative to main shaft, its outer end is used for being connected with propulsion source, its inner and described one-level driven gear external toothing, the outer end of described secondary driving gear and one-level driven gear flush fit, its inner and secondary driven gear external toothing.This retarder is a two-stage reduction gear, when the active circle of secondary driven gear and overriding clutch is made one, its one-level driving gear promptly with the same axle mounting of secondary driven gear (being installed on the main shaft), can improve transmitting accuracy.

Compared with prior art, this is provided with an overriding clutch from speed change system behind retarder, and before retarder, set up a centrifugal clutch, centrifugal clutch can make drop-gear box high speed operation (the high rotating speed before promptly not slowing down), overriding clutch can make drop-gear box slow running (slow speed of revolution after promptly slowing down through retarder), the rotating speed of two gears is provided for drop-gear box thus, in transmission process, when running into precipitate heavy duty, native system can become bottom gear automatically from top gear, increase moment of torsion, make propulsion source be unlikely to flame-out or stall; When load restoration can become top gear from bottom gear again during to certain value automatically, rev up is raised the efficiency; Native system starts with bottom gear, becomes the top gear normal operation after reaching certain rotating speed automatically, but when casing relied on effect of inertia to rotate, two power-transfer clutchs all were in released state, thereby realizes not having oil or do not have electricity work, reaches purpose of energy saving.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is this sectional structure scheme drawing from speed change system.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of this centrifugal clutch in speed change system.

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of this overriding clutch in speed change system.

Among the figure, the 1a casing; The 1b case lid; 2 main shafts; The 3a driven member; The 3b driving link; Centrifugal of 3c; 3d spring one; The 3e clamp; 4a is from moving-coil; 4b initiatively encloses; The 4c ratchet; 4d spring two; The 4e deep-slotted chip breaker; The 4f draw-in groove; 5a one-level driving gear; 5b one-level driven gear; 5c secondary driving gear; 5d secondary driven gear; 6 oil sealings; 7,8 bearings.

The specific embodiment

Below be specific embodiment of the utility model and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the technical solution of the utility model is further described, but the utility model be not limited to these embodiment.

As shown in Figure 1, this mainly is made of drop-gear box, the overriding clutch, retarder and the centrifugal clutch that are installed in the drop-gear box from speed change system.

Wherein, drop-gear box is fixed near propulsion source (as driving engine by main shaft 2, motor etc.) place, drop-gear box constitutes a cavity by casing 1a that fixes by fastener and case lid 1b, casing 1a and case lid 1b are socketed on the main shaft 2 and axial location is fixed, between casing 1a and main shaft 2 and case lid 1b and main shaft 2, bearing 7 is set respectively, 8, casing 1a can circumferentially be rotated relative to main shaft 2 with case lid 1b, also can between the two ends of drop-gear box and main shaft 2, oil sealing 6 be installed respectively, thereby prevent dust, impurity etc. enter in the drop-gear box, and the lubricating oil in the restriction bearing overflows; When practical set, end with main shaft 2 passes casing 1a earlier, again overriding clutch, retarder and centrifugal clutch are placed in the casing 1a from the open end of casing 1a successively, and retarder is installed on the main shaft 2, overriding clutch is connected with the mouth of retarder, centrifugal clutch is connected with the input end of retarder, is closed by case lid 1b at last.

This retarder is realized double reduction by 4 gears that are installed in the casing 1a, be followed successively by one-level driving gear 5a, one-level driven gear 5b, secondary driving gear 5c and secondary driven gear 5d, wherein, one-level driving gear 5a is the input end of this retarder, secondary driven gear 5d is the mouth of this retarder, concrete connection structure is: one-level driving gear 5a is axially fixed on the main shaft 2 and can rotates relative to main shaft 2, its outer end connects the propulsion source that can make its rotation, its inner and one-level driven gear 5b external toothing, the outer end of secondary driving gear 5c is connected with one-level driven gear 5b key, its inner and secondary driven gear 5d external toothing.

Overriding clutch is connected the mouth (being secondary driven gear 5d) of retarder, its structure belongs to prior art, its kind is a lot, as ratchet-type, Wedge-type and roller etc., overriding clutch in the present embodiment is exactly a kind of ratchet type overrunning clutch, specifically comprise one disk-shaped from moving-coil 4a, be socketed on this in the moving-coil 4a active circle 4b and be located at from moving-coil 4a and initiatively enclose one-way clutch structure between the 4b, fix from moving-coil 4a and casing 1a, in order to prevent from initiatively to enclose the mouth of 4b and retarder---secondary driven gear 5d produces longitudinal travel, can will initiatively enclose 4b and secondary driven gear 5d makes one, thereby improve transmitting accuracy.

Specifically as shown in Figure 3, it adopts the inner gearing type ratchet from moving-coil 4a, initiatively enclose 4b and adopt pawl base, the one-way clutch structure comprises the ratchet 4c that is located between ratchet two and the pawl base, periphery at pawl base evenly has a deep-slotted chip breaker 4e by circumference, be equipped with a ratchet 4c in each deep-slotted chip breaker 4e, ratchet 4c matches with corresponding deep-slotted chip breaker 4e by the end of circular arc, and open along the concentric circumferences direction of pawl base at the middle part of each ratchet 4c and to be shaped on a draw-in groove 4f, spring two 4d of one annular are installed in draw-in groove 4f, by this spring two 4d with each ratchet 4c lock ring on pawl base, the other end of ratchet 4c can be meshed with ratchet one, ratchet one fixes by fastener and casing 1a, and pawl base and secondary driven gear 5d make one.

Centrifugal clutch is connected the input end (being one-level driving gear 5a) of retarder, its concrete structure also belongs to prior art, centrifugal clutch in the present embodiment is by driven member 3a, driving link 3b and centrifugal 3c constitute, specifically as shown in Figure 2, driven member 3a is that the ratchet with internal tooth is fixed on the inwall of casing 1a in the lump, driving link 3b is disk-shaped and fix with the input end of retarder, centrifugal 3c is bar shaped, one end off-centre is hinged on the driving link 3b, the other end is connected with driving link 3b by spring one 3d, and this end has the clamp 3e that can be connected with ratchet one, in order to make ratchet one stressed even, stability of rotation, two centrifugal 3c can be set on driving link 3b, and make two centrifugal 3c be the radial symmetry distribution.

The principle of work of native system is as follows: when propulsion source (as driving engine or motor) when just opening, active circle 4b (pawl base) in the overriding clutch begins to rotate, and remain static from moving-coil 4a (ratchet two), its speed is zero, therefore, the rotating speed that initiatively encloses 4b is greater than the rotating speed from moving-coil 4a, at this moment, ratchet 4c will block from moving-coil 4a, makes initiatively to enclose 4b and be connected as a single entity from moving-coil 4a, and overriding clutch is in engagement state, simultaneously, because propulsion source just starts, the rotating speed of the driving link 3b of centrifugal clutch is lower, and the centnifugal force that makes centrifugal 3c be subjected to is little, and can't be connected with driven member 3a (ratchet one), at this moment, centrifugal clutch is in released state, thereby makes casing 1a output high pulling torque, slow speed of revolution; When startup is finished and be underloading, propulsion source quickens the driving link 3b rotation of centrifugal clutch, centrifugal the also and then increase of centnifugal force that 3c is subjected to, engage radially being thrown away to driven member 3a and under the centrifugal action until centrifugal 3c with driven member 3a, at this moment, centrifugal clutch is just in running order, and force driven member 3a to be converted to high speed operation by friction force, and driven member 3a is fixed with one with casing 1a, so, casing 1a drives and makes high speed rotating from moving-coil 4a, make from the rotating speed of moving-coil 4a to be higher than the rotating speed that initiatively encloses 4b, like this, overriding clutch is in released state, slowing down, it is separated to transmit, thereby makes casing 1a export little moment of torsion, high rotating speed; When running into precipitate when heavy duty, the rotating speed of propulsion source sharply descends, and centrifugal clutch is separated, and overriding clutch is engaged, and casing 1a is slowly running, and output torque increases, and prevents that propulsion source from quitting work suddenly; When rotating (being the rotating speed that the rotating speed of power element is higher than propulsion source) when power element relies on inertia, overriding clutch and centrifugal clutch all are in released state, thereby realize not having oil or do not have electricity work, reach purpose of energy saving.

The application scenario of native system is a lot, now enumerates two:

In the time of on being applied in self-propelled vehicle, native system can be installed between driving engine and the speed change retaining, if the gear of speed change retaining is 6 retainings, and native system provides 2 gears, both rise to 12 gears after linking to each other, when automobile is run into heavy duty, native system automatically switches to bottom gear, make vehicle one times (transmitting ratio of supposing native system is 2: 1) of the pairing speed decline of former speed change retaining gear, thereby output torque is increased to be twice, make the nominal torque of this output torque greater than driving engine, thus keep the engine alive.

In the time of on being applied in battery-driven car, native system can be installed in before the deceleration system of battery-driven car or afterwards, during cruising, battery-driven car travels with the top gear (being the output speed of the deceleration system of battery-driven car) of native system, when running into heavy duty, native system automatically switches to bottom gear, makes one times (transmitting ratio of supposing native system is 2: 1) of speed of a motor vehicle decline of battery-driven car, output torque correspondingly increases and is twice, and then prevents motor rotation blockage.

Except being applied to the vehicle such as self-propelled vehicle, battery-driven car, also may be used in the production facilitiess such as reaper, comminutor, trac..

Claims

1. one kind from speed change system, comprise a drop-gear box and be located at the interior retarder of this drop-gear box, the input end of described retarder is used to connect the propulsion source that can make its rotation, also be connected with the transmission of power that can make the retarder mouth overriding clutch to the drop-gear box between the mouth of described retarder and the drop-gear box, it is characterized in that the input end of described retarder also is connected with and can directly drives the centrifugal clutch that drop-gear box rotates.

2. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that from speed change system, laterally be equipped with a main shaft (2) in the described drop-gear box, described drop-gear box is axially fixed in this main shaft (2) respectively with retarder and goes up and can circumferentially rotate relative to main shaft (2).

3. according to claim 2ly it is characterized in that from speed change system described drop-gear box comprises casing (1a) and the case lid (1b) that is connected mutually, the two ends of described main shaft (2) pass casing (1a) and case lid (1b) respectively.

4. according to claim 3 from speed change system, it is characterized in that, described centrifugal clutch comprises the driven member (3a) that is fixed on casing (1a) inwall and the driving link (3b) that fixes with the input end of retarder, between described driving link (3b) and driven member (3a), also be provided with centrifugal (3c), and this centrifugal (3c) can engage with driven member (3a) under its centrifugal action that is subjected to.

5. according to claim 4 from speed change system, it is characterized in that, described driven member (3a) is for having the ratchet one of internal tooth, described centrifugal (3c) is bar shaped, one end off-centre is hinged on the driving link (3b), the other end is connected with driving link (3b) by spring one (3d), and this end has the clamp (3e) that can be connected with ratchet one.

6. according to claim 5ly it is characterized in that from speed change system described driving link (3b) is provided with two or more above-mentioned centrifugal (3c), and each centrifugal (3c) is radial symmetry and distributes.

7. described from speed change system according to arbitrary of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, described overriding clutch comprise one ringwise from moving-coil (4a), be socketed on this in the moving-coil (4a) active circle (4b) and be located at from moving-coil (4a) with initiatively can make active enclose the one-way clutch structure of (4b) drive greater than from the rotating speed of moving-coil (4a) time between the circle (4b) and when the rotating speed of circle (4b) initiatively from moving-coil (4a), describedly fix from moving-coil (4a) and casing (1a), described active circle (4b) is driven by the mouth of retarder.

8. according to claim 7ly it is characterized in that described active circle (4b) is made one with the mouth of retarder from speed change system.

9. according to claim 7 from speed change system, it is characterized in that, described is inner gearing type ratchet two from moving-coil (4a), described active circle (4b) is disk-shaped pawl base, described one-way clutch structure comprises that several are by circle distribution and be located at ratchet (4c) between ratchet two and the pawl base, one end of ratchet (4c) bears down on one on pawl base by spring two (4d), when the relative ratchet two of described pawl base clockwise rotates, the other end of described ratchet (4c) is meshed with ratchet, when the relative ratchet two of described pawl base rotated counterclockwise, the other end of described ratchet (4c) broke away from ratchet two.

10. according to claim 7 from speed change system, it is characterized in that, described retarder comprises one-level driving gear (5a), one-level driven gear (5b), secondary driving gear (5c) and secondary driven gear (5d), described one-level driving gear (5a) is axially fixed in main shaft (2) and goes up and can rotate relative to main shaft (2), its outer end is used for being connected with propulsion source, its inner and described one-level driven gear (5b) external toothing, the outer end of described secondary driving gear (5c) and one-level driven gear (5b) flush fit, its inner and secondary driven gear (5d) external toothing.