The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that exists in the prior art, provides that a kind of response speed is fast, coefficient of safety is high, energy-conservation economize on electricity, electric railway system controlled by computer voltage regulating imaginary power automatic compensation device that compensation effect is good.
For achieving the above object, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:
Electric railway system controlled by computer voltage regulating imaginary power automatic compensation device of the present utility model, comprise the voltage transformer summation current transformer that is arranged in the electrical network circuit, the current analog signal that the voltage analog signal summation current transformer that voltage transformer is gathered is gathered is by sample circuit and A/D change-over circuit input imaginary power automatic compensation microprocessor, microprocessor links to each other with upper computer control system by communication interface, and output end of microprocessor links to each other with the capacitor group by the voltage regulator unit.
Described voltage transformer comprises main transformer voltage transformer and capacitor voltage transformer, and the main transformer voltage transformer is gathered the voltage signal of bus, and capacitor voltage transformer is gathered the voltage signal at capacitor group two ends, and voltage signal is delivered to the control system sample circuit; Current transformer comprises main transformer current transformer and capacitance current instrument transformer, and the main transformer current transformer is gathered the current signal of bus, and the capacitance current instrument transformer is gathered the current signal of capacitor group, and current signal is delivered to the control system sample circuit.
Described voltage regulator driver element is a Loading voltage regulator, is made up of on load tap changer and autotransformer, and be not more than 1 second the switching time of the every gear of on load tap changer.
The utility model is provided with vacuum circuit-breaker between electrical network bus and Loading voltage regulator, be used to carry out error protection.
The current analog signal that voltage analog signal that main transformer voltage transformer YH gathers and main transformer current transformer LH gather is delivered to imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle ZWK, by gathering, links such as analog-to-digital conversion are sent into the computer in the imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle, after the voltage/current digital signal process data processing of computer with collection, calculate current apparent power, reactive power, active power, power factor, phase angle, electric parameters such as harmonic wave, compare with the power factor threshold value or the idle threshold value that are provided with in good time, the output control signal, drive Loading voltage regulator TW controlling organization, make voltage regulator export the voltage of different gears, thereby change the terminal voltage of capacitor group C, make it to export different reactive powers, follow the tracks of imaginary power automatic compensation, reach timely compensation circuit reactive power.
Basis is to capacitor group terminal voltage, current signals computing again; the capacitor group is taked various protections such as overvoltage, overcurrent; data such as the operation information of compensation arrangement, electrical quantity, action event are kept in the memory; and can form data file; the data of preservation be can check, and tables of data or curve generated.
Compare with prior art, the utlity model has following beneficial effect:
(1) power consumption is little: adopt Loading voltage regulator to adjust idle output, and the power consumption of Loading voltage regulator is less than the power consumption of serial connection controllable silicon group and shunt reactor.
(2) safe: as to adopt Loading voltage regulator to avoid using the serial connection controllable silicon group, improve the fail safe of compensation arrangement.When multistage thyristor series connection was used, the thyristor turn-on action of series connection must be consistent, and slightly different step phenomenon thyristor will occur and puncture.
(3) reliability height: TTWB type reactive power compensator temperature influence is less, and it is lower to heat up certainly, and Group of Silicon Controlled Rectifier is limited by radiating condition, and temperature rise is bigger, can not move under the condition of high temperature.
(4) do not produce harmonic wave: adopt Loading voltage regulator can not cause distortion, can not produce harmonic wave, and when adopting Group of Silicon Controlled Rectifier,, can produce harmonic wave, increase the weight of harmonic pollution in electric power net owing to change the silicon controlled angle of flow to current waveform.
(5) each critical piece fault detect of intelligent patrol detection, intelligent controller adopts the backup form, and when master controller broke down, spare controller was taken over operation immediately, ensured the compensation arrangement reliability service.
(6) building-out capacitor adopts the shunt capacitor of railway special use, is convenient to safeguard.
(7) compensation arrangement is installed on the two-phase traction load, and adjusts compensation arrangement automatically according to each phase traction load, can compensate each phase load or burden without work.
(8) the capacitor group all is furnished with the special-purpose hollow series reactor of railway, and reactance Rate is 12.5%, suppresses harmonic wave more than 3 times, weakens the harm to the capacitor group.
(9) adopt intelligent controller, the conditions of demand that the real-time tracking circuit is idle are adjusted idle output automatically; Controller also has idle curvilinear motion and shows historical record, the function of telemonitoring.
(10) has perfect safeguard measure.One class is the hardware protection of equipment, comprises fuse protected, anti-lightning strike overvoltage protection, differential pressure protection; Another kind of is Microcomputer Protection, and Microcomputer Protection comprises that overvoltage, under-voltage, overcurrent, undercurrent, harmonic protection, PT break alarm, Loading voltage regulator abnormal alarm, control feeder line break alarm, Loading voltage regulator tripping/malfunction report to the police.
(11) adopt tower structure, simple for structure, be convenient to heat radiation.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, electric railway system controlled by computer voltage regulating imaginary power automatic compensation device of the present utility model, comprise the voltage transformer summation current transformer that is arranged in the electrical network circuit, the current analog signal that the voltage analog signal summation current transformer that voltage transformer is gathered is gathered is by sample circuit and A/D change-over circuit input imaginary power automatic compensation microprocessor, microprocessor links to each other with upper computer control system by communication interface, and output end of microprocessor links to each other with the capacitor group by the voltage regulator unit.
Described voltage transformer comprises main transformer voltage transformer and capacitor voltage transformer, and the main transformer voltage transformer is gathered the voltage signal of bus, and capacitor voltage transformer is gathered the voltage signal at capacitor group two ends, and voltage signal is delivered to the control system sample circuit; Current transformer comprises main transformer current transformer and capacitance current instrument transformer, and the main transformer current transformer is gathered the current signal of bus, and the capacitance current instrument transformer is gathered the current signal of capacitor group, and current signal is delivered to the control system sample circuit.
Described voltage regulator driver element is a Loading voltage regulator, is made up of on load tap changer and autotransformer.
The utility model is provided with vacuum circuit-breaker between electrical network bus and Loading voltage regulator, be used to carry out error protection.
Between high voltage load switch and Loading voltage regulator, be provided with lightning arrester, guarantee that compensation arrangement avoids lightning impulse.
The voltage analog signal that the utility model main transformer voltage transformer YH gathers and the current analog signal of main transformer current transformer collection are delivered to the imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle, by gathering, links such as analog-to-digital conversion are sent into the microprocessor in the imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle, after the voltage/current digital signal process data processing of microprocessor with collection, calculate current apparent power, reactive power, active power, power factor, phase angle, electric parameters such as harmonic wave, compare with the power factor threshold value or the idle threshold value that are provided with in good time, control signal is regulated in output, drive the Loading voltage regulator controlling organization, make voltage regulator export the voltage of different gears, thereby change the terminal voltage of capacitor group, make it to export different reactive powers, follow the tracks of imaginary power automatic compensation, reach timely compensation circuit reactive power.
Basis is to capacitor group terminal voltage, current signals computing again; the capacitor group is taked various protections such as overvoltage, overcurrent; data such as the operation information of compensation arrangement, electrical quantity, action event are kept in the memory; and can form data file; the data of preservation be can check, and tables of data or curve generated.
As shown in Figure 2; electric railway system controlled by computer voltage regulating imaginary power automatic compensation device of the present utility model mainly comprises control cubicle ZWK and Loading voltage regulator TW; between main transformer circuit contacts net and control cubicle ZWK, be provided with main transformer voltage transformer YH and main transformer voltage transformer LH; between electrical network bus and Loading voltage regulator TW, be provided with vacuum circuit-breaker ZN, be used to carry out error protection.Between vacuum circuit-breaker and Loading voltage regulator TW, be provided with lightning arrester BL, guarantee that compensation arrangement avoids lightning impulse.Between lightning arrester and Loading voltage regulator, be provided with high voltage isolator.Loading voltage regulator TW output is connected with parallel single-phase capacitor C, hollow series reactor L, separate unit spray-by-type fuse FU and discharge coil FD in turn; Between Loading voltage regulator TW and parallel single-phase capacitor C, be provided with high voltage isolator SW, between control cubicle ZWK and parallel single-phase capacitor C, be connected with capacitance current instrument transformer LH11 and capacitor voltage transformer YH11.
Each part parameter is as follows:
Electric railway system controlled by computer voltage regulating imaginary power automatic compensation device of the present utility model aims at the reactive power compensation of electric railway traction transformer station and designs, each Component Design index all meets the specification requirement of electric railway, the following describes the major parameter of each component devices of compensation arrangement.
(1) vacuum circuit-breaker ZN
The vacuum circuit-breaker rated operational voltage is 27.5kV, and ceiling voltage is 31.5kV, and rated capacity device group drop-out current is 400A, and correlation test satisfies the requirement of 27.5kV electric pressure.
(2) lightning arrester (high pressure) and discharge counter BL
Lightning arrester rated voltage 27.5kV, operating voltage is 42kV, correlation test satisfies the requirement of 27.5kV electric pressure.Discharge counter is connected on the lightning arrester below, to lightning arrester discharge counting.
(3) Loading voltage regulator TW
Loading voltage regulator is the key components of compensation arrangement, adopts the self coupling mode, and loss is less.Loading voltage regulator adopts on load tap changer to change the voltage regulator out splice going splice, thereby changes the voltage regulator output voltage, and the once end rated voltage of Loading voltage regulator is 27.5kV, and rated capacity, range of regulation are determined according to the traction substation concrete condition.Loading voltage regulator can long-time running under 1.36 times of rated voltages.Correlation test satisfies the requirement of 27.5kV electric pressure.
On load tap changer, conversion speed is fast, and the life-span is long.Take the excessive loads mode during shunting switch action, make load voltage uninterrupted, the arc light of generation is very little, does not have impact substantially.
(4) current transformer LH
Current transformer is gathered the traction transformer output current, and no-load voltage ratio is determined according to the traction load of traction transformer, the indoor dry type mutual inductor of selecting for use, and the open air is selected the oil immersed type instrument transformer for use, and required precision is more than 0.5 grade.Correlation test will be carried out according to the 27.5kV electric pressure.
(5) voltage transformer YH
Voltage transformer is gathered the traction transformer output voltage, and no-load voltage ratio is 27.5kV/100V, the indoor dry type mutual inductor of selecting for use, and the open air is selected the oil immersed type instrument transformer for use, and precision is more than 0.5 grade.Correlation test will be carried out according to the 27.5kV electric pressure.
(6) high voltage isolator SW
Isolating switch is single-phase, selects the 27.5kV electric pressure for use, and rated current is 1250A.Its power frequency withstand test, lightning impulse etc. all satisfy the requirement of 27.5kV electric pressure.
(7) capacitance current instrument transformer LH11
Current transformer is gathered the electric current of capacitor group, and no-load voltage ratio is determined according to capacity of capacitor bank, dry type, and single-phase, indoor, precision is 0.2 grade, output capacity 50VA once holds rated voltage 35kV.Correlation test satisfies the requirement of 35kV electric pressure.
(8) capacitor voltage transformer YH11
The no-load voltage ratio of voltage transformer is 27.5kV/0.1kV, and dry type is single-phase, indoor, and precision is 0.2 grade, and output capacity 60VA samples as voltage protection.Correlation test satisfies the requirement of 27.5kV electric pressure.
(9) hollow series reactor L
Reactor is selected the hollow series reactor for use, and good linearity does not have the magnetic saturation phenomenon, and specified reactance Rate 12.5-13% suppresses harmonic wave harm capacitor more than three times.The series reactor rated voltage is 27.5kV, and is single-phase, improves turn-to-turn insulation, and can long-term work under 1.36 times of rated voltages.The requirement of 27.5kV electric pressure is satisfied in relevant pressure testing.
Reactor is a dry construction, does not have iron core, does not have the magnetic saturation phenomenon, and the linearity is good.The reactor winding is the Multi-layer Parallel core structure, and inside is divided into several and seals (coil groups), and each is encapsulated with several layer line circles, between each is sealed air duct is arranged, and is beneficial to the convection current and the heat radiation of air.Current is made up of the small bore lead of mutually insulated, to reduce eddy current loss.All hold inside and outside the coil, form a firm integral body, mechanical strength height through hot setting with epoxy resin impregnated glass fiber, noise is little, the heat resistance of reactor insulation is the F level, and this external surface is coated with uvioresistant, aging-resistant insulating varnish, long-term work under the environmental condition out of doors.
(10) parallel single-phase capacitor C
Shunt capacitor adopts the BAM type, being divided into 4 strings uses, the separate unit rated voltage is 8.4kV, liquid medium is a benzyl toluene, and solid dielectric is full film medium, in establish discharge resistance and fuse, can long-term work under 1.36 times of rated voltages, allow the long-term 1.36 times of rated current of passing through, the deviation of actual measurement capacitance and rated value is not more than 0~5%, and the tg δ value of capacitor is less than 0.0003.The contrasted between solid dielectric electrical strength requires high, and interpolar is withstand voltage according to 2.69U
IN(AC) or 5.38U
IN(DC) 10S carries out.The interior oil temperature is no more than 65 ℃ during operation.
(11) fuse FU
Every capacitor all disposes the quick spray-by-type fuse of BRN-10 type, and with horizontal plane installation at 45, rated current is chosen as 1.5-1.8 times of electric capacity rated current.
(12) discharge coil FD
Adopt to be fit to the discharge coil that series capacitor bank is used, have three primary connection ends, terminal voltage is 16.8*2kV, and rated capacity is greater than supporting capacity of capacitor bank, and the biquadratic output voltage is 100V*2, and output capacity 100VA*2 takes the differential pressure protection.Oil immersion outdoor type structure, correlation test satisfies the 27.5kV electric pressure.
(13) imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle
The imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle is the control core of reactive power compensator, is the intelligent control cubicle that integrates data acquisition, control output, various protection, communication.Its effect is to gather line voltage, current signal, and calculate parameters such as apparent power, meritorious, idle, power factor, harmonic wave, and compare with threshold value such as idle, the power factor that is provided with, automatically the gear output of control Loading voltage regulator, change the terminal voltage of compensation condenser group, thereby reach compensating reactive power, improve power factor, guarantee the purpose of power supply quality.
The imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle is the critical piece of pressure regulation reactive power automatic compensation device, is core with the Intelligent Reactive Compensating Controller, collects various protections, is in communication in one.Gather the voltage signal of bus and the voltage signal at capacitor group two ends by voltage transformer, give the control system sample circuit by the current signal of current transformer collection bus and the current signal of capacitor group, pass through A/D converter, convert various signal imitation amounts to digital quantity and deliver to microprocessor collection, convert each original vol again to, control system is according to detected busbar voltage and bus current, draw gaining merit on the circuit by computing, idle, power factor, parameters such as harmonic wave, come the no work output of control capacitor group according to the set idle trip stop threshold value of various control models then, realize the in-situ balancing of reactive power compensation rapidly, play the raising power factor, energy-saving and cost-reducing, improvement system ability to transmit electricity.
Imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle internal structure mainly is made of control system, driver element, background computer and power unit.Its theory diagram as shown in Figure 3.After the sampled signal metering-in control system, control system is through signal processing, data operation, logic determines, output trip stop signal is to driver element, driver element carries out processing and amplifying to it, directly drive voltage regulator and move, drive system is gathered the current gear tapped off signal of voltage regulator simultaneously, feeds back to control system, control system is through handling computing, and output shows the current gear of voltage regulator on the back-stage management computer.Then directly drive the vacuum circuit-breaker tripping operation when too high when control system detects capacitor overvoltage, overcurrent, pressure reduction and temperature of oil in transformer, whole system is protected.Power supply module adopts DC power supply, again it is carried out Filtering Processing after the DC-AC conversion, has guaranteed the quality and reliability of power supply power supply, makes the operation that control system all the time can be safe and reliable.
The control principle block diagram of control cubicle as shown in Figure 4, the microprocessor of signal metering-in control system, microprocessor carries out signal processing, data operation, logic determines to it, outputs control signals to control system, and control system has the trip stop signal lamp, is convenient to regular maintenance and fault and gets rid of.The data that the microprocessor computing draws are transferred to background computer by the RS232 interface, show every data parameters of electrical network and control system thereof operation; Keyboard, mouse then are used to be provided with each gear reactive power compensation range threshold of voltage regulator and idle at a slow speed pattern trip stop time delays etc. under the various control models.
The theory diagram of the driver element of imaginary power automatic compensation control cubicle as shown in Figure 5, motor drive mechanism tap position signal and manual ringing are isolated through the photoelectricity coupling, deliver to the CPU microprocessor and carry out calculation process, show current tap position number on the plate in front with dynamic scan mode, and plate is exported passive binary-coded decimal and corresponding tap position signal from behind; CPU can also send the tap position signal to background computer by the RS485 communication interface, and 1-N, the N-1, the stop instruction that again computer system are sent simultaneously turn back to the CPU calculation process, moves step by step with the control motor drive mechanism.
The tap position signal that microprocessor is sent into motor carries out extreme position and centre position automatically and surmounts judgement.
Controller is except transmitting 1-N, N-1, stop instruction with RS485, can also send 1-N, N-1, stop instruction by " telemechanical instruction input " port and controller front panel button, all may command motor drive mechanism operations after microprocessor receives above-mentioned instruction, and driver element has the instruction interlock function.
The outside overcurrent locking contact point signal that inserts is sent into microprocessor after isolating through secondary photoelectricity, judges after microprocessor receives this signal, and close all input/output interfaces immediately that voltage regulator quits work.
Controller of the present utility model is based on the high-speed programmable microprocessor, uses fat application, and the client can select compensation model voluntarily, can select fast reactive, idle, power factor is any at a slow speed is compensation model.
Master controller of the present utility model provides three kinds of compensation models: the fast reactive pattern; Idle at a slow speed pattern; The power factor pattern.
Protection of the present utility model and warning function mainly contain:
(1) capacitor is fuse protected: every capacitor all is furnished with fast acting fuse, when condenser current surpasses the overcurrent threshold value, and fuse quick-break, the safe operation of protection whole system.
(2) anti-lightning strike protection: the front end at a whole set of compensation arrangement has lightning arrester, guarantees that compensation arrangement avoids lightning impulse.
(3) capacitor differential pressure protection: if capacitor group voltage difference surpasses certain threshold value, then the differential pressure relay contact closure disconnects vacuum circuit-breaker, and package unit is disconnected and being connected of bus.
(4) voltage regulator protection: when the inner methane gas of voltage regulator surpasses certain threshold value, then the Buchholz relay closing of contact disconnects vacuum circuit-breaker, and package unit is disconnected and being connected of bus.
(5) the warm too high protection of voltage regulator oil: surpass certain threshold value when voltage regulator interior oil temperature is too high, controller output protection signal disconnects vacuum circuit-breaker, makes being connected of package unit disconnection and bus.
(6) capacitor overvoltage, overcurrent, the excessive protection of harmonic wave: when controller detected above any signal and surpasses set point, controller output protection signal disconnected vacuum circuit-breaker, and package unit is disconnected and being connected of bus.
(7) the capacitor undercurrent is reported to the police: flow through lowly when control system detects capacitor electrode, surpass setting threshold, then control system is sent alarm signal, so that notify the user to take corresponding measure.
(8) feeder line false alarm: when control system detected less than the voltage regulator feedback signal, control system was sent alarm signal, so that notify the user to take corresponding measure.
(9) voltage regulator tripping/malfunction protection: when control system detected voltage signal less than the capacitor two ends, voltage regulator did not move, to guarantee the safe and reliable of package unit.