A kind of megavar level chain static synchronous compensator based on IGBT
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of megavar level chain static synchronous compensator based on IGBT, particularly a kind of structural design of megavar level chain static synchronous compensator.
Background technology
Along with development of modern science and technology, on the one hand, cause the factor of power quality problem constantly to increase, as with the power electronic equipment being the use of the nonlinear-load of representative, the start and stop of various large-scale electric equipments etc.; On the other hand, various complexity, precision, constantly universal to the power consumption equipment of quality of power supply sensitivity, people are more and more higher to the requirement of the quality of power supply and reliability.The contradiction of the problems referred to above is more and more outstanding, and this makes direct harm that power quality problem causes electrical network and distribution system and may to the human lives and to produce the loss that causes also increasing, and the quality of power supply is directly connected to the overall benefit of national economy.
The requirement of power supply quality and reliability improved day by day the development that is with user's technical process level interrelates, the scientific and technological progress in modern age promotes the automation and the intellectuality of production process again, and the quality of power supply has been proposed the more requirement of Gao Gengxin.A computer center loses power supply 2s and just may destroy tens hours data processed result and cause the economic loss of units up to a million.In large-scale engineering works, the voltage die of 0.1s just may cause unusual production status and quality to destroy.The continuous fine-processing production line of current automation equipment control, they are responsive unusually to the interference in the distribution system, and part second undesired power supply just may cause confusion in inside plants, and its loss is difficult to the appraisal.These users can be strict with having only 1~2 cycle to the permission of defective electric power.Modern commerce trading center, bank, hospital also are like this.The serious harm of harmonic wave and the loss that is caused are often mentioned by people, and the emergent deadlock phenomenon of computer system in the unattended operation transformer station belongs to power quality problem mostly.
City and rural area distribution at present exists low power factor and harmonic wave pollution problem.The a large amount of mobile meetings of reactive current in electrical network cause line loss to increase, and transformer utilization factor reduces, and user's electric voltage dropping is serious.Harmonic pollution then can make the residing ecological deterioration of power consumption equipment, also the equipment beyond communication system on every side and the utility network is brought harm.Harmonic wave to the harm of utility network and other system roughly by the following aspects: 1. harmonic wave makes the element in the utility network produce additional harmonic loss, reduced the efficient of generating, transmission of electricity and power consumption equipment, can make the overheated even breaking out of fire of circuit when a large amount of triple-frequency harmonics flows through the neutral line.2. influence the operate as normal of various electric equipments.Harmonic wave except that causing supplementary load loss, also can produce mechanical oscillation, noise and overvoltage to the influence of motor, makes the transformer part seriously overheated.Harmonic wave makes apparatus overheat, ageing of insulation, the losts of life such as capacitor, cable, so that damages.3. harmonic wave can cause parallel resonance and series resonance local in the utility network, thereby harmonic wave is amplified, and harmonic wave harm is increased greatly, even cause serious accident.4. harmonic wave can cause the misoperation of relaying protection and automatics, and can make the electrical measuring instrument metering inaccurate.5. harmonic wave produces the communication system of closing on and disturbs, and the lighter produces noise, reduces communication quality; Weight person causes information dropout, makes the communication system can't operate as normal.
How to improve and guarantee the quality of power supply, become domestic and international electrical field and pressed for one of important topic of solution.
Along with the expansion of China's " transferring electricity from the west to the east " implementation and interconnected network scale, the voltage stable problem is particularly outstanding.The subject matter that the ultra-large type load center that the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta form exists is that dynamic reactive supports deficiency day by day.Recent two decades comes, and by the stable large area blackout that causes with voltage collapse of voltage, also repeatedly takes place in China's voltage collapse accident all over the world.Adopting STATCOM (STATCOM) is one of effective measures that address these problems, and it has brought into play considerable effect in solving problems such as the grid stability and the distribution quality of power supply, be the advanced practical technique that present various countries generally adopt.
The systematization comprehensive compensation technique that the nearly section time proposes is " effecting a permanent cure " approach that solves power quality problem.Quality of voltage problem during for stable state has the measure of many maturations to solve; But for the dynamic power quality problem, rely on traditional reactive power compensation and conventional filter then can not solve effectively, because very short such as the time that this class power quality problem of electric voltage dropping, surge, potential pulse and instantaneous power failure continues, change very soon, and the power quality problem that has also is accompanied by part even whole situations such as meritorious loss.
In electric power system,, often need on some bus, drop into reactive power compensation in order to control the requirement that busbar voltage makes it to conform with safety, economical operation.It is several that Chang Yong means had shunt capacitor, compensator and the Static Var Compensator SVC etc. of machinery input in the past.But they all exist some problems, as modal shunt capacitor operation inconvenience, can not provide the equipment of idle support, compensator effectively and operating cost is higher, the SVC floor space big and shortcoming such as compensation effect difference and operating cost height during the voltage reduction when system voltage reduces.
STATCOM preferably resolves these problems.Different with above several equipment, it does not need huge and expensive passive device--electric capacity, inductance, do not need electric rotating machine yet, and floor space is little, and its dynamic responding speed is quite fast; Its working range is very wide, and capacitive or perception compensation all are easy to realize; The influence that it is changed by system voltage is smaller, and strong idle support can be provided under system failure situation.
Traditional reactive power compensation realizes by energy storage, produces leading (capacitive) reactive power as shunt capacitor, and shunt reactor produces (perception) reactive power that lags behind.Yet be not like this in STATCOM, dc capacitor be connected inductance and do not play the energy storage effect, but make instantaneous reactive power in three alternate circulations, thereby reach the purpose that changes the injected system reactive power by the angle of flow of controlling switch element on each brachium pontis.In transmission system, STATCOM can keep being subjected to terminal voltage by providing or absorb reactive current to system fast, the enhanced system voltage stability, the load-bearing capacity of raising system, or the voltage of support transmission system key node, the operational limit of the raising system stability limit and transmission line.
Extension-DFACTS technology as FACTS (based on the flexible ac transmission system of power electronic technology) technology and distribution system application has become the strong instrument that improves the quality of power supply, the core devices IGBT of this technology, it has switching frequency faster than GTO, and the shutoff capacity has reached certain scale, so the DFACTS device has response characteristic faster.The DFACTS device mainly contains at present: dynamic electric voltage recovery device (DVR), distribution system STATCOM (D-STATCOM), solid converting switch (SSTS) etc.
STATCOM has overcome owing to be the constant-impedance characteristic on the SVC device basic, makes when voltage is low, and required idle support can't be provided, the ability of coping with contingencies a little less than; And floor space is big, the drawback of the easy initiating system vibration of too much SVC, the reactive current output of STATCOM can be constant in very big change in voltage scope, stronger idle support still can be provided when voltage is low, and regulate continuously in can be from perception to the capacitive gamut, make its idle output be equivalent to 1.4~2 times with capacity SVC; Because of the flexible pressure regulation of STATCOM, can also significantly reduce the switching times of load tap changer, thereby reduce the tap number of stoppages.In addition, STATCOM can also suppress voltage flicker, improves the power system transient stability level, and in conjunction with the national conditions and the existing technology of China, development STATCOM should be the effective means that solves China's voltage stable problem, and also is the main direction of DFACTS technical development.
Chain type IGBT valve is the link of STATCOM device and systems exchange active power and reactive power, and valve body mainly is made up of 6 chain links (LINK) that connect reactance and 12 series connection.Composition core in the STATCOM device is its link units, and each link units all is a powerful inverter.Chain link is single-phase H bridge voltage type inversion unit, is the core of STATCOM device main circuit, and chain link is equivalent to a voltage-phase and all adjustable AC power of amplitude when operation.See Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b).
Chain type STATCOM obtains the novel reactive power compensator paid close attention in recent years gradually, adopts the chain type designing technique of IGBT device still immature, does not see ripe topology layout technical scheme both at home and abroad as yet.There are following technological difficulties in megavar level chain type chain static synchronous compensator structural design based on IGBT: 1) control section of chain static synchronous compensator and startup and switch element arrangement; 2) the IGBT valve cell arrangement of chain static synchronous compensator; 3) compact Layout of valve body and concentrated wind-cooling heat dissipating; 4) the distribution mounting means of valve body buffering reactor.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of rationally distributed, compact conformation, reliable operation, the megavar level chain static synchronous compensator based on IGBT that stability is high, is mainly used to solve the layout of the layout of layout, valve body buffering reactor of IGBT valve cell of layout, chain static synchronous compensator of chain static synchronous compensator control section that the chain static synchronous compensator structural design exists and startup and switch element and valve body and concentrates the problem of wind-cooling heat dissipating.
For achieving the above object, the utility model adopts following technical scheme: a kind of megavar level chain static synchronous compensator based on IGBT, this compensator comprises startup and the control cubicle change of current chain power cabinet identical with three, be provided with in described startup and the control cubicle that a barricade will start and control cubicle before and after be divided into the hyperbaric chamber that High-Voltage Electrical Appliances are installed and the low-pressure chamber of installation low-voltage controling appliance, be provided with safe insulation distance between described High-Voltage Electrical Appliances and the low-voltage controling appliance; Described each change of current chain power cabinet is divided into six layers from top to bottom, be provided with Insulating frame between the adjacent layer, every layer end Insulating frame is provided with the dc capacitor of two link units and correspondence thereof and all presses electric resistance, the buffering reactor of this layer and get can voltage transformer, be provided with the heat dissipation wind channel section at the bottom of every layer the top between the Insulating frame, the power IGBT device of two link units is installed on the sidewall thermal component of each section heat dissipation wind channel section and all presses the IGBT device, each section heat dissipation wind channel section is connected from top to bottom and is the integral heat sink air channel, and the port in integral heat sink air channel is provided with blower fan.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: chain static synchronous compensator startup described in the utility model and control cubicle adopt the concentrated design of High-Voltage Electrical Appliances and low-voltage controling appliance, have both guaranteed that the safe distance between High-Voltage Electrical Appliances and the low-voltage controling appliance took up room little again; Described change of current chain power cabinet adopts the link units layering that the safety and the reliability of favourable raising link units electrical operation are installed; The buffering reactor employing distribution mode of the chain of the change of current simultaneously power cabinet is arranged in every layer of change of current chain power cabinet, saved the space, between every layer of the change of current chain power cabinet insulation bracing frame is set, guaranteed the insulation between each layer electric elements, the heat dissipation wind channel that surrounds by each layer framework and the insulation bracing frame that is provided with between them in addition, and the port at heat dissipation wind channel passes through blower fan is installed, and makes the electric elements of change of current chain power cabinet can unify to concentrate heat radiation, improves the reliability of equipment operation.
The heat absorbing part of the electric elements of every layer of link units of described change of current chain power cabinet and the heat-pipe radiator that is furnished with link units power device IGBT layout all is arranged on the interior insulation board of every layer of framework, and guaranteed the safe distance of electric elements to framework, have take up room little, the advantage of compact in design.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the centralized chain type IGBT valve system of a buffering reactor block diagram;
Fig. 1 (b) is the distributed chain type IGBT valve system of a buffering reactor block diagram;
Fig. 2 is the utility model electrical connection diagram;
Fig. 3 is the floor plan that startup and control cubicle and power train are received at the counter;
Fig. 4 is the front view of startup and control cubicle
Fig. 5 is the left view of startup and control cubicle;
Fig. 6 is the rearview of startup and control cubicle;
Fig. 7 is power train every layer device layout plan of receiving at the counter;
Fig. 8 is the layout plan of power device on the heat-pipe radiator heat absorbing part;
Fig. 9 is heat-pipe radiator mounting means figure;
Figure 10 is power train six layers 12 the link unit mounting means figure that receive at the counter;
Figure 11 is the complete sets of equipment figure of the present utility model.
Embodiment
The utility model such as Fig. 2-shown in Figure 11.As shown in Figure 2, (STATCOM, StaticsynchronousVarcompensator) the complete sets of equipment mainly adopt chain inverter, startup and the control cubicle of power device IGBT to form by the megavar level to megavar level chain static synchronous compensator.Buffering reactor in the IGBT chain inverter is distributed in each LINK unit.The soft start of the complete sets of equipment, get can, be incorporated into the power networks main contactor and measure CT all be installed in start and control cubicle in, get and can be loaded in the change of current chain power cabinet by PT.Each change of current chain LINK is independent air-cooled air channel, and by the unified control of control system.As shown in Figure 3, each cabinet height is 2600mm, is 1700mm deeply, and wide is 1000mm.
1, startup and control cubicle
From the side of cabinet, startup and control cubicle are divided into low-voltage control circuit, high-voltage switch gear and soft start loop.Certain safe distance is arranged between low pressure and high tension loop and one deck shielding steel plate is arranged.
In high-voltage switch gear and soft start loop side, have 3 high-pressure vacuum contactors, 12 soft start resistance, 2 current transformer CT and 1 combined arrester.In the high-pressure side system is directly to be connected on the system voltage of 6kV, therefore in the safe distance design according to GB/T311.2-2002 insulation coordination part 2: the insulation coordination of high-tension power transmission and transformation equipment is used the creepage requirement of comparing distance as 30mm/kV of minimum nominal of the most serious filthy level of employings in the guide rule.Adopt the design's mode, the electric safe distance of major loop is all greater than this requirement.On on high-tension side top is three-phase soft start resistance, designing requirement according to starting power, soft start resistance adopts the pattern of a plurality of high energy ceramic resistor combinations, from rear side, the main busbar of major loop adopts the supporting insulator of 10kV insulation to fix, high-pressure vacuum contactor is positioned at the centre position, and three contactors keep certain interval up and down, and pattern can be with reference to Fig. 5,6.
In low-pressure side, can be with reference to the design of low-voltage power distributing cabinet.In present design, according to the demand of native system, panel is provided with table meter, indicator light, startup and stop botton, record data and carries out the service entrance switch of the industrial computer of man-machine interface operation, master controller, low voltage operated power supply and testing terminal etc.Specifically can be with reference to Fig. 4.
2, change of current chain power cabinet
Power cabinet has six layers, and every layer has 2 LINK unit, and every layer layout and element are in full accord.Every layer device arrangements mode is seen Fig. 7.Impulse current according to system's operation and inhibition change of current chain need be installed the buffering reactor, according to traditional habit, is that the buffering reactor is installed in two ends of valve body.In order to reduce taking up room of buffering reactor, according to electrical principle the buffering reactor is turned to some reactor series connection, be distributed in the inside of change of current chain IGBT valve, the reactance value at final whole change of current chain two ends remains unchanged.End in per two LINK unit is installed a minibuffer reactor, and its mounting means is seen Fig. 7, and a whole set of buffering of system principle and the change of current chain reactor principle of equal effects is seen Fig. 2.What insert according to native system is 6kV voltage, and change of current chain LINK is on the system voltage of 6kV, and the insulation distance of all devices and framework all will keep the creepage distance of 6 * 30mm.And the voltage relationship between the LINK unit is 6kV/12 unit=0.5kV, and the power device IGBT that selects for use is 1700V, so can lean on power device IGBT to isolate between every layer the two LINK unit.The arrangement of power device on radiator seen Fig. 8.Neighbouringly thickness is installed between two-layer and is reached on the insulation supporting traverse of 30mm, every layer element all is installed on the insulating part, the mounting means of radiator is seen Fig. 9, utilizes the insulation supporting traverse to surround the air channel of radiator, has solved the Insulation Problems between the radiator.Six layers of LINK unit become vertical installation up and down, utilize a heat dissipation wind channel jointly, the air channel of an insulating material is installed on the radiator of the superiors, the top, air channel is installed in parallel 2 blower fans, the wind direction that no matter ventilates is can move from the top down or from bottom to top, installs in detail and sees Figure 10.Six layers are installed in the framework with air channel and blower fan, add chain link (LINK) controller and buffering reactance and other devices, just constituted a complete change of current chain power cabinet.The chain link controller is connected with master controller by optical fiber and adds that fan power just can move.Three identical power cabinets and startup and control cubicle just can constitute complete megavar level chain static synchronous compensator the complete sets of equipment, and its front view is seen Figure 11.
Can adopt different air supply modes to come to the central refrigerating of change of current chain power cabinet radiator, blow as adopting refrigeration fan difference or localized ducting, but its cost be high slightly, technology realizes that difficulty and complexity also will be higher than this programme; The use of insulation crossbeam also can use whole insulation board to replace, and same cost is high slightly; The buffering reactor adopts centralized system also can replace distributed installation, but can increase the device space; Low voltage control and high-voltage switch gear be arrangement respectively, the energy easy access, but can increase space and equipment cost.