CN112467756A - Reactive power compensation device and method - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1864—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein the stepless control of reactive power is obtained by at least one reactive element connected in series with a semiconductor switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a reactive power compensation device, including: the main circuit is a generation loop of compensation current and comprises an LCL unit and a three-level converter module which are sequentially connected; the LCL unit and the three-level current transformation module which are connected in sequence are connected to the power grid; by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the output voltage in real time, the reactive current absorbed or emitted by the circuit can be changed, and dynamic reactive compensation is realized; the dynamic compensation is tracked in real time through a control system, the harmonic current is detected in real time by adopting a harmonic current compensation technology based on an instantaneous reactive power theory, the dynamic compensation of the harmonic current is realized through instantaneous current tracking control, the load harmonic change is automatically tracked, and the high controllability and the quick response are realized; excellent compensation characteristic, compensation performance is not influenced by system impedance, the danger of resonance with the system impedance can be eliminated, and the system resonance caused by harmonic waves in a power supply system can be restrained.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of power utilization safety of power distribution networks, in particular to a reactive power compensation device and method.
Background
In recent years, power companies continuously increase the investment construction of distribution networks, comprehensively promote lean management of the distribution networks, improve the automation/intelligence level of the distribution networks, and generally form a characteristic distribution network with strong structure, flexible operation mode and higher power supply capacity and reliability. However, for some reasons, the power distribution network still has the problems of high distribution loss, overhigh load or overhigh load in a local area, and simultaneously has the problems of relatively insufficient reactive power of a low-voltage distribution area, high line loss and the like, and has a space for further potential excavation and efficiency improvement. The load factor has a very large influence on the efficiency of the transformer. For a transformer to operate efficiently, a suitable loss ratio must be selected. When a transformer is purchased in developed countries, the loss ratio of the transformer is determined by considering the actual load rate of the transformer during operation.
The inventors have found problems with distribution transformers:
from the types of distribution transformation in the statistical data, there are still about thousands of distribution transformers with high loss S9 and below, including S7 distribution transformers. From the load factor, a certain imbalance exists in part of the distribution transformer load, for example, the problem of high distribution transformer load factor exists in regions with high load density such as urban areas, and the overload and overheating problems are caused when part of the distribution transformer load even reaches more than 80%, so that the loss is increased, and the operation safety is not facilitated.
At present, 10KV power distribution networks and lines thereof widely adopt a large trunk and multi-branch unidirectional radiation type power supply mode. The characteristics of these lines are: the power supply radius is long, the reactive power consumption is high, the power factor is low, the line loss is large, and the terminal voltage quality is poor.
According to statistical data, the heavy-load line and the low-voltage line still occupy a considerable proportion, and compensation is carried out through a capacitor, so that the electric energy quality is improved, and the loss is reduced; the reactive compensation capacity is insufficient, the reactive compensation device configured on 10 kilovolt lines of city and county companies in various regions at present is relatively insufficient, the reactive loss is large, and the voltage qualification rate is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the present disclosure provides a reactive power compensation device and method.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a reactive power compensation device, including: the main circuit is a generation loop of compensation current and comprises an LCL unit and a three-level current transformation module which are sequentially connected.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for using a reactive power compensation device,
the LCL unit and the three-level current transformation module which are connected in sequence are connected to the power grid;
by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the output voltage in real time, the reactive current absorbed or emitted by the circuit can be changed, and dynamic reactive compensation is realized.
Compared with the prior art, this disclosure possesses following beneficial effect:
1. the dynamic compensation system adopts the LCL unit and the three-level current conversion module which are sequentially connected, tracks dynamic compensation in real time through a control system, detects harmonic current in real time through a harmonic current compensation technology based on an instantaneous reactive power theory, realizes dynamic compensation of the harmonic current through instantaneous current tracking control, automatically tracks load harmonic change, and has high controllability and quick response; excellent compensation characteristic, compensation performance is not influenced by system impedance, the danger of resonance with the system impedance can be eliminated, and the system resonance caused by harmonic waves in a power supply system can be restrained.
2. The three-level current transformation module is adopted in the method, a specific and flexible compensation mode is adopted, one machine has multiple functions, harmonic waves can be treated, reactive power can be compensated, and the power factor is improved. The compensation can be carried out on a single harmonic source independently or on a plurality of harmonic sources in a centralized manner. And the treatment of the appointed subharmonic can be realized when the harmonic is treated.
3. The control system can realize DSP intelligent monitoring, and the high-speed detection and operation of the DSP ensure the accurate and effective harmonic detection and compensation: have intelligent monitoring function concurrently, device flexible operation, operating parameter, operating condition are surveyability, fault automatic diagnosis: possess the remote communication interface, accessible PC real time monitoring. The power factor is improved, the line loss is reduced, the unbalance of three phases is overcome, the voltage flicker and the voltage fluctuation are eliminated, and the harmonic pollution is inhibited.
4. The method aims at the problems of the power distribution network, comprehensively considers the factors such as reliability, economy, feasibility, operation and maintenance and the like, and is mainly applied to the following achievements: replacing the high-loss distribution transformer with an amorphous alloy transformer or an S13 transformer, and replacing the distribution transformer with higher load rate with the distribution transformer with larger capacity; a public transformer area is improved in a targeted manner, a reactive compensation device is added, the power factor is improved, the voltage quality is improved, and the problem of three-phase imbalance is mainly solved; 10 kilovolt distribution lines, the automatic reactive power compensator of installation line promotes the electric energy quality, reduces the line loss.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration and control of a reactive power compensation device according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of reactive compensation mode of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of a main loop of the reactive power compensation device of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of the reactive power compensation device and the system of the present disclosure.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a reactive power compensation device includes a main circuit and a control system, wherein the main circuit is a generation loop of compensation current and includes an LCL unit and a three-level converter module which are connected in sequence; the control system comprises a computing board and a control board; the computing board is used for data acquisition and processing and transmitting computing data to the control board; the control board generates control signals of the active and passive units according to the received calculation data, transmits the control signals to the main circuit and controls each unit of the main circuit.
Furthermore, the main circuit comprises a bus, and a common compensation capacitor, a sub-compensation capacitor, an LCL unit and a three-level current transformation module which are connected into the bus. One end of the LCL unit is connected with a fuse and then is connected with a bus of the main circuit, and the other end of the LCL unit is connected with the three-level current transformation module. And the common compensation capacitor and the sub-compensation capacitor are connected into the bus after being connected with the contactor.
The LCL unit comprises a first reactor L1 and a second reactor L2 which are connected in series, and a circuit between the first reactor and the second reactor is connected with a first capacitor and a first resistor and then grounded.
The three-level current transformation module comprises an IGBT module, a first electrolytic capacitor and a second electrolytic capacitor which are sequentially connected; the circuit between the first electrolytic capacitor and the second electrolytic capacitor is grounded; the first end of the IGBT module is connected with the second capacitor of the LCL unit, the second end of the IGBT module is connected with the first electrolytic capacitor, and the third end of the IGBT module is connected with the second electrolytic capacitor.
The bus is also connected with a lightning arrester, and one end of the lightning arrester is connected with the bus and the other end is grounded;
a current sensor is connected to the bus;
and the bus is connected into a circuit to be compensated through a breaker.
The common compensation capacitor comprises three film capacitors which are connected in sequence to form a triangle, wherein a circuit between the two film capacitors is connected with a bus.
Specifically, the bus comprises a first bus and a second bus, the first bus is connected with the second bus through a fuse, and the first bus is connected with a common compensation capacitor and a branch compensation capacitor; the second bus is connected with the LCL unit, the three-level current transformation module, the current sensor and the lightning arrester.
The auxiliary circuit comprises a communication circuit, has a GPRS communication function, can remotely acquire and control the information of the reactive compensation device, and realizes multi-level joint debugging; the system is provided with a plurality of external communication interfaces, and can realize communication with a transformer area and the like; the low-voltage reactive module can be used singly, and can also be used by a compensation system formed by RS485 multiple networking.
The main circuit is a generation circuit of compensation current and mainly comprises a main incoming line breaker, a fast fuse, a charging circuit, an LCL filter module, a three-level current transformation module, a direct current capacitor, a switching contactor, a common compensation capacitor, a branch compensation capacitor and the like.
The control system adopts a centralized control mode, and the control unit controls the active part and the passive part to output current to be compensated independently or together according to actual needs. The data acquisition function is realized through the computing board, the current of the system is sampled, the conditions of three-phase unbalance, reactive power, harmonic waves and the like in the computing system are analyzed, and meanwhile, data exchange is carried out between the computing board and the control board. The control board generates control signals of the active and passive units according to the received calculation result, simultaneously monitors working parameters in the units, and feeds the monitored result back to the control signals to form a closed-loop control system to control the operation of each unit; and the functions of man-machine interaction (touch screen) and remote communication (DTU) are realized through the interface.
Control function and switching principle: 1. the composite switch adopts a zero-crossing switching technology, ensures that the capacitor is switched without inrush current, overvoltage or arc, and prolongs the service life of the device. 2. The capacitors with the same capacity are switched according to a circulation switching principle, and the capacitors with different capacities are switched according to a proper compensation principle. The principle of "proper priority, three-phase priority, balanced use" is followed.
The manual/automatic switching function can switch the module between manual and automatic switching by operating the key.
The communication function is realized, the GPRS communication function is realized, the information of the reactive compensation device can be remotely acquired and controlled, and multi-level joint debugging is realized; the system is provided with a plurality of external communication interfaces, and can realize communication with a transformer area and the like; the low-voltage reactive module can be used singly, and can also be used by a compensation system formed by RS485 multiple networking.
The low-voltage reactive compensation module can automatically cut off the input capacitor to protect the capacitor when overvoltage or undervoltage, phase failure and over-temperature occur, and simultaneously, the voltage or temperature item can be displayed in a flashing mode to give an alarm. When the measured value is restored to the normal range, the capacitor can restore the normal switching and exit the alarm state.
Specifically, the compensation mode is as follows: the three-phase compensation is based on the principle that the load of a low-voltage power supply system is basically balanced in three phases, a compensation capacitor adopts a delta connection method, an alternating current contactor or a thyristor is used as a switching execution element of the capacitor, and a power factor control unit controls a switched reactive static compensation device. The phase splitting compensation is carried out, and the three-phase load is asymmetric in the vast rural power grid. If the rural power grid is compensated by adopting a co-compensation mode, the problem of over-compensation or under-compensation of the other two phases is caused. Secondly, the three-phase asymmetric load compensation method compensates, so that the capacity of the transformer can not be fully utilized. Meanwhile, the loss of the line is increased due to the three-phase asymmetric load. The novel intelligent reactive power compensation device realizes the intelligent automatic control of the common compensation and the separate compensation, and solves the problems of over compensation and under compensation existing in the rural power grid. The phase separation compensation circuit is shown in FIG. 4.
A public transformer area is improved in a targeted mode, a reactive power compensation device is added, and a Static Var Generator (SVG) method is adopted for compensation, so that the power factor is improved, the voltage quality is improved, and the problem of three-phase imbalance is effectively solved.
The adopted reactive compensation method is that a bridge inverter circuit composed of power semiconductor devices (IGBT) is connected in parallel to a power grid through a reactor, and the phase and amplitude of output current at the alternating current side of the bridge inverter circuit are controlled and adjusted by computer software, so that the circuit outputs current opposite to the problem of power quality of the power grid, the purpose of improving the power quality is achieved, and the obvious energy-saving effect is achieved.
The reactive compensation can continuously adjust reactive power in a large range in real time, can carry out split-phase adjustment, has strong absorption and filtering capability, small noise and loss, response time less than 10ms and three-phase unbalanced current compensation capability. The device adopts the compound switch to realize zero-crossing switching of the capacitor, reduces action impact current and prolongs the service life of the device; the system has a GPRS communication function, can remotely acquire and control the information of the reactive compensation device, and realizes multi-level joint debugging; the system is provided with a plurality of external communication interfaces, and can realize communication with a transformer area and the like; a plurality of groups of capacitors are built in, so that the grouped investment can be realized, the overcompensation is prevented, and the safety of a power grid system is improved;
the reactive compensation device has the functions of separate compensation and common compensation; the capacitor switching optimization algorithm is adopted, the capacitors in the device are recycled, and the service life of the system is prolonged; the optimized cabinet interior design facilitates field installation and maintenance.
(III) research on coordination control of reactive compensation in transformer substation and distribution line
In transformer substation and distribution lines, confirm the optimum cooperation operation mode, install the automatic reactive power compensator of circuit in 10kV distribution lines, promote the electric energy quality, reduce the line loss. According to the characteristics of the distribution network, the following four compensation methods can be adopted, as shown in fig. 2.
1. Centralized compensation in a substation
And an automatic reactive power compensation device is adopted at the 10kV side of the transformer substation, switching of the capacitors is controlled in groups according to a set power factor, and when the load is minimum, reactive power is not transmitted to the transformer.
2. 10kV power distribution network line compensation
The reactive compensation in the 10kV line mainly adopts a two-thirds rule: the reactive load which is uniformly distributed on a section of line with only one power supply at the head end is divided into 3 equal parts, the optimal installation place of the reactive compensation equipment is 2/3 parts of the line, and the optimal configuration reactive compensation capacity is 2/3 parts of the total reactive load.
3. Reactive compensation of low-voltage side of transformer area
And performing reactive compensation on the low-voltage side of the transformer area according to the reactive compensation configuration technical principle of the power system of the national grid company: when the maximum load of the transformer is compensated, the power factor of the high-voltage side is not lower than 0.95, or the power factor is configured according to 20% -40% of the capacity of the transformer.
4. User side dispersion compensation
The user can be dispersed and compensated on site, so that the idle self-sufficiency of the user can be fundamentally solved, and the purpose of energy conservation is achieved. For low-voltage users, the power factor is assessed at present, and the penalty is required when the assessment is not up to the standard, so that most users are provided with reactive compensation devices, and the compensation mode is not generally considered in the energy-saving transformation of a distribution network.
A typical transformer and reactive compensation transformation scheme of a transformer area comprises the following steps: 1. the transformation of a typical transformer in a transformer area is combined with the actual situation, the existing S7 high-energy-consumption transformer is basically installed 10 years ago, and the S7 type high-energy-consumption distribution transformer is completely replaced by an amorphous alloy transformer in consideration of long time, high energy consumption and incapability of meeting the safety power utilization requirement of a load peak. For the high-energy-consumption distribution change of S7 in operation, the amorphous alloy transformer is replaced according to the annual load considering the condition of capacity increase.
TABLE 1S 7 Transformer Capacity-increasing alternative scheme Table
(2) Device performance
The amorphous transformer is a transformer with an iron core made of amorphous alloy strips, and has the greatest advantage of very low no-load loss. The reason is that the magnetic flux density of the amorphous alloy is generally designed to be about 1.35T, and the unit loss is about 0.16W/Kg; the magnetic flux density of the silicon steel sheet transformer is generally designed to be about 1.65T, the unit loss is 1W/Kg, the silicon steel sheet transformer is suitable for rural power grids with lower average load rate, and is also suitable for low-load rate occasions such as roads, bridges, tunnels, residential areas, municipal lighting and the like, the loss of the transformer can be obviously reduced by replacing amorphous alloy transformers in each area, and compared with an S7 transformer with the same capacity, the no-load current is reduced by 70%, the no-load loss is reduced by 80%, and the overall loss of the transformer is reduced by more than 30%. Compared with an S9 transformer with the same capacity, the no-load current is reduced by 50%, and the no-load loss is reduced by 75%.
The low-voltage coil of the transformer is wound by adopting copper foil, and the latest sound insulation technology is adopted, so that the noise is effectively reduced, and the capability of the transformer for bearing sudden short circuit is enhanced; the transformer connection group adopts Dyn11, so that the influence of harmonic waves on a power grid is reduced, and the power supply quality is improved; the oil tank adopts full seal structure, uses the vacuum oiling technique, can get rid of bubble in the coil completely, cancels the oil conservator and the respirator among the traditional structure simultaneously, and transformer oil is isolated with external atmosphere and is not polluted, can ensure insulating properties's stability for a long time, and at utmost extension equipment life is non-maintaining.
And (3) reactive compensation reconstruction of a typical transformer area: according to the relevant technical standards specified by the state, in combination with actual conditions, according to the principle that reactive compensation is mainly based on reactive compensation at the low-voltage side of a distribution transformer and is assisted by 10kV line compensation and 10kV bus side centralized compensation, an automatic reactive compensation device is arranged on a distribution line, a distribution area and a 10kV bus side with insufficient compensation, wherein the quality and the power factor of a power supply voltage do not reach the standard.
(1) And installing a line automatic reactive power compensation device for 10 kilovolt distribution lines with the power factor of 0.9-0.93, the power supply radius of more than 10 kilometers and the power factor of less than 0.9 and the power supply radius of more than 6 kilometers.
(2) And (4) configuring 1 low-voltage intelligent reactive power compensation device for each improved transformer area according to the size of the distribution transformer capacity.
(3) And (2) adding 1-2 sets of automatic reactive power compensation devices on the 10kV bus side of the 110kV or 35kV terminal transformer with low power factor and insufficient reactive power compensation.
Newly adding or replacing a reactive power compensation device of the low-voltage transformer area; an automatic reactive power compensation device for a 10kV line; and a 10kV bus side centralized automatic reactive power compensation device is added.
TABLE 2 reactive compensation configuration scheme table for distribution transformer low-voltage side
Example 2
The application method of the reactive power compensation device comprises the steps that the LCL unit and the three-level current transformation module are connected to a power grid in sequence; by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the output voltage in real time, the reactive current absorbed or emitted by the circuit can be changed, and dynamic reactive compensation is realized.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A reactive compensation apparatus, comprising: the main circuit is a generation loop of compensation current and comprises an LCL unit and a three-level current transformation module which are sequentially connected.
2. A reactive power compensation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main circuit comprises a bus, and a common compensation capacitor, a branch compensation capacitor, an LCL unit and a three-level current transformation module which are connected to the bus.
3. A reactive power compensator according to claim 2, wherein one end of the LCL unit is connected to a bus of the main circuit after being connected to the fuse, and the other end is connected to the three-level converter module.
4. A reactive power compensator according to claim 2, wherein the common compensation capacitor and the branch compensation capacitor are connected to the bus by connecting contactors.
5. A reactive power compensation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said LCL unit comprises a first reactor L1 and a second reactor L2 connected in series, and a circuit between the first reactor and the second reactor is connected to the first capacitor and the first resistor and then grounded.
6. The reactive power compensation device of claim 1, wherein the three-level converter module comprises an IGBT module, a first electrolytic capacitor and a second electrolytic capacitor which are connected in sequence; the circuit between the first electrolytic capacitor and the second electrolytic capacitor is grounded; the first end of the IGBT module is connected with the second capacitor of the LCL unit, the second end of the IGBT module is connected with the first electrolytic capacitor, and the third end of the IGBT module is connected with the second electrolytic capacitor.
7. A reactive power compensator according to claim 1, wherein a lightning arrester is further connected to the bus bar, and one end of the lightning arrester is connected to the bus bar and the other end is grounded.
8. A reactive power compensation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a current sensor is also connected to the bus.
9. A reactive power compensation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a control system, said control system comprising a computer board and a control board; the computing board is used for data acquisition and processing and transmitting computing data to the control board; the control board generates control signals of the active and passive units according to the received calculation data and transmits the control signals to the main circuit.
10. A use method of a reactive power compensation device is characterized in that,
the LCL unit and the three-level current transformation module which are connected in sequence are connected to the power grid;
by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the output voltage in real time, the reactive current absorbed or emitted by the circuit can be changed, and dynamic reactive compensation is realized.
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| CN113922387A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-11 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Based on portable reactive power compensator in modularization low-voltage transformer district |
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