CN201517333U - Ripple current detection-based automobile window anti-pinch controller - Google Patents
Ripple current detection-based automobile window anti-pinch controller Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种汽车车窗的防夹控制器,具体地说是基于纹波电流检测的防夹控制器。The utility model relates to an anti-pinch controller for automobile windows, in particular to an anti-pinch controller based on ripple current detection.
背景技术Background technique
目前,实现汽车防夹电动车窗防夹功能的技术方法,主要有压力传感和红外检测两种。At present, there are mainly two technical methods for realizing the anti-pinch function of automobile anti-pinch electric window, pressure sensing and infrared detection.
红外检测方法是利用红外光检测有无异物在电动车窗移动范围内,从而控制车窗玻璃移动,这种方法可防止异物直接接触到玻璃。但在汽车这一特殊的应用环境中,尤其在恶劣的气候条件(大雨、浓雾和灰尘)下会严重影响到红外光源的性能,在这些极端情况下,红外系统很难保证正常工作,不适于汽车苛刻性的可靠要求,因此这一方案基本上已遭到大多数主要汽车电子开发商和汽车制造商的否定。The infrared detection method is to use infrared light to detect whether there is foreign matter within the moving range of the electric window, so as to control the movement of the window glass. This method can prevent foreign matter from directly contacting the glass. However, in the special application environment of automobiles, especially in severe weather conditions (heavy rain, dense fog and dust), the performance of infrared light sources will be seriously affected. Due to the harsh reliability requirements of the car, this solution has basically been rejected by most major automotive electronics developers and car manufacturers.
基于压力传感方法的汽车防夹电动车窗是目前应用较多的,这种方案常利用霍尔元件来监测车窗的运动(方向和位置),当运动中的车窗受到横向或正向压力时,它会给电动马达带来更大的负载,并随后增加电动马达中的电流。当该电流增加到一定程度时,该方案的算法就认为电动车窗的玻璃在上升过程中遇到了真实的阻力,并通过微控制器单元(MCU)发出指令要求电动机停转或反转(下降),从而有效和可靠地实现了防夹功能。Automobile anti-pinch electric windows based on the pressure sensing method are widely used at present. This scheme often uses Hall elements to monitor the movement (direction and position) of the window. When the moving window is subjected to lateral or positive When stressed, it puts a greater load on the electric motor and subsequently increases the current in the electric motor. When the current increases to a certain level, the algorithm of the program thinks that the glass of the electric window has encountered real resistance during the rising process, and sends an instruction through the microcontroller unit (MCU) to require the motor to stop or reverse (falling) ), thus effectively and reliably realizing the anti-pinch function.
霍尔元件用于提供马达的旋转次数等信息,该方案的算法利用这些信息计算出车窗玻璃有没有到达终端。当车窗玻璃到达关闭的终端时,MCU就会发出指令自动切断电流,电流被切断后电动机也就停止运转了。该方案的缺点是增加了霍尔元件,并且要设计专门的安装位置。The Hall element is used to provide information such as the number of rotations of the motor, and the algorithm of the program uses this information to calculate whether the window glass has reached the terminal. When the window glass reaches the closing terminal, the MCU will issue an instruction to automatically cut off the current, and the motor will stop running after the current is cut off. The disadvantage of this solution is that the Hall element is added, and a special installation position needs to be designed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型为解决现有技术在使用中存在的问题,提供一种基于电机纹波电流检测的汽车车窗防夹控制方法,不需要霍尔元件,不用专门设计安装位置,可以简化控制器在车门上的安装,提供稳定的性能。In order to solve the problems existing in the use of the prior art, the utility model provides an automobile window anti-pinch control method based on motor ripple current detection, which does not require a Hall element, and does not need a specially designed installation position, which can simplify the controller's operation. Mounted on the car door, providing stable performance.
本实用新型解决现有问题的技术方案是:一种基于电机纹波电流检测的汽车车窗防夹控制器,包括驱动车窗的直流电机U3、用来放大并调理检测直流电机U3纹波电流和生成驱动信号的控制器U1、完成控制算法和生成驱动信号驱动直流电机U3的全桥驱动器U2,所述的控制器U1包括集成的可编程放大器A1、滤波电路、PWM驱动器P2、中央控制器P1,全桥驱动器U2设置有直流电机U3正反转回路,所述的正反转回路通过全桥驱动器U2上的引脚与控制器U1相连接,控制器U1与全桥驱动器U2之间设置有纹波电流的采样电阻R1。The technical solution of the utility model to solve the existing problems is: an automobile window anti-pinch controller based on motor ripple current detection, including a DC motor U3 for driving the window, used to amplify and adjust and detect the ripple current of the DC motor U3 And the controller U1 that generates the driving signal, completes the control algorithm and generates the full-bridge driver U2 that drives the DC motor U3 with the driving signal, and the described controller U1 includes an integrated programmable amplifier A1, a filter circuit, a PWM driver P2, and a central controller P1, the full-bridge driver U2 is provided with a DC motor U3 forward and reverse loop, the forward and reverse loop is connected to the controller U1 through the pins on the full-bridge driver U2, and the controller U1 and the full-bridge driver U2 are set Sampling resistor R1 with ripple current.
本实用新型与现有技术相比较,其有益效果是:通过一个微控制器及其集成的可编程放大器、滤波电路、PWM驱动电路、以及其它模拟电路作为控制器运行控制程序,微控制器连接到一个全桥驱动芯片,通过其集成的PWM驱动电路来直接驱动车窗电机。车窗电机的纹波电流通过在全桥驱动芯片的接地引脚上串接一个电阻来转换成纹波电压信号,之后经过微控制器内集成的可编程放大器和滤波电路,转换成方波信号和过流信号,提供转速、位置等信号,用来判断是否启动防夹功能。本实用新型基于电机纹波电流检测的汽车车窗防夹控制器外接器件少,简化电路设计,减小电路板的面积;成本低、便于安装和维护。Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that a microcontroller and its integrated programmable amplifier, filter circuit, PWM drive circuit, and other analog circuits are used as the controller to run the control program, and the microcontroller is connected To a full-bridge drive chip, through its integrated PWM drive circuit to directly drive the window motor. The ripple current of the window motor is converted into a ripple voltage signal by connecting a resistor in series with the ground pin of the full-bridge driver chip, and then converted into a square wave signal through the programmable amplifier and filter circuit integrated in the microcontroller And over-current signal, providing signals such as speed, position, etc., to judge whether to start the anti-pinch function. The utility model is based on motor ripple current detection, and the automobile window anti-pinch controller has few external devices, simplifies circuit design, reduces the area of circuit boards, has low cost, and is convenient for installation and maintenance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的结构框图;Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the utility model;
图2、图3是本实用新型的控制流程图。Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are control flowcharts of the present utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参见图1,本实施案例包括:驱动车窗的直流电机U3、用来放大并调理检测直流电机U3纹波电流和生成驱动信号的控制器U1、完成控制算法和生成驱动信号驱动直流电机U3的全桥驱动器U2,控制器U1包括集成的可编程放大器A1、滤波电路、PWM驱动器P2、中央控制器P1,直流隔离电路A2、低通滤波电路A3、施密特比较器A4、比较器B1、方向选择器P3、计数器P4。Referring to Figure 1, this implementation case includes: a DC motor U3 for driving the window, a controller U1 for amplifying and regulating the ripple current of the DC motor U3 and generating a driving signal, and a controller for completing the control algorithm and generating a driving signal to drive the DC motor U3 Full-bridge driver U2, controller U1 includes integrated programmable amplifier A1, filter circuit, PWM driver P2, central controller P1, DC isolation circuit A2, low-pass filter circuit A3, Schmitt comparator A4, comparator B1, Direction selector P3, counter P4.
控制器U1与全桥驱动器U2之间由连接全桥驱动器U2引脚的纹波电流采样电阻R1以及由电阻R2和电容C1组成的无源低通滤波电路构成,并与控制器U1的可编程放大器A1通过引脚P1.0相连接。The connection between the controller U1 and the full-bridge driver U2 is composed of a ripple current sampling resistor R1 connected to the pin of the full-bridge driver U2 and a passive low-pass filter circuit composed of a resistor R2 and a capacitor C1, and is connected to the programmable Amplifier A1 is connected through pin P1.0.
全桥驱动器U2用来把TTL电平的控制信号转化成可以直接驱动直流电机U3的电压信号,全桥驱动器U2设置有直流电机U3正反转回路,正反转回路通过全桥驱动器U2上的引脚与控制器U1相连接。本实施案例中全桥驱动器U2的正反转回路由集成的MOS管T1、T2、T3、T4构成,T1、T2、T3、T4的分别与全桥式驱动器U2设置的IH1、IH2、IL1、IL2引脚连接,IH1、IL1引脚与控制器U1的P1.5脚相连接,IH2、IL2引脚与控制器U1的P1.4相连接;直流电机U3纹波电流的采样电阻R1通过无源低通滤波电路R2和电容C1与控制器U1可编程放大器A1的P1.0脚相连接。The full bridge driver U2 is used to convert the TTL level control signal into a voltage signal that can directly drive the DC motor U3. The pin is connected with the controller U1. In this implementation case, the forward and reverse circuits of the full-bridge driver U2 are composed of integrated MOS transistors T1, T2, T3, and T4. The IL2 pin is connected, the IH1, IL1 pins are connected to the P1.5 pin of the controller U1, and the IH2, IL2 pins are connected to the P1.4 of the controller U1; the sampling resistor R1 of the ripple current of the DC motor U3 passes through the The source low-pass filter circuit R2 and the capacitor C1 are connected to the pin P1.0 of the programmable amplifier A1 of the controller U1.
当T1和T4导通时,预设12V的电流通过DHVS引脚流经T1、直流电机U3、T4,然后由引脚SL2,通过采样电阻R1流到电源地,此时,直流电机U3正转;当T2和T3导通时,12V通过DHVS引脚流经T2、直流电机U3、T3,然后由引脚SL1,通过采样电阻R1流到电源地,此时,直流电机U3反转。当T1、T2、T3、T4都关断时,直流电机U3停止运行。直流电机U3在运行时产生的纹波电流,经由采样电阻R1,生成纹波电压信号,通过无源低通滤波电路R2和C1,输入到控制器U1的P0.1脚。全桥驱动器U2的MOS管T1、T2、T3、T4的关断和导通是由IH1、IH2、IL1、IL2引脚上的信号控制的,这些信号是由控制器U1的P1.4和P1.5引脚产生的。When T1 and T4 are turned on, the
下面结合本实施案例的工作原理,进一步阐述本实用新型。Below in conjunction with the working principle of this implementation case, further elaborate the utility model.
参见图2、图3,直流电机U3,在运行时会产生具有周期特征的电流纹波,该电流可以在其全桥驱动器U2的电流回路上检测到,经由采样电阻R1,生成纹波电压信号,通过无源低通滤波电路R2和C1,经控制器U1的P0.1输入到控制器U1的可编程放大器A1,把从P0.1引脚输入的纹波电压信号放大到峰值为4V左右,分别提供给比较器B1和直流隔离电路A2。比较器B1把放大后的纹波电压信号与设置的参考电压Vref做比较后,生成数字电平0或1,作为过流检测信号送给中央控制器P1;直流隔离电路A2,把P0.5引脚输入的放大后的纹波电压的直流分量去除后,通过P0.3引脚,输入到有源低通滤波电路A3,然后通过施密特比较器A4生成方波信号,送到中央处理器P1,并通过P1送到周期测量计数器P4来计算直流电机U3的当前位置,即车窗的位置。中央处理器P1根据比较器B1周期测量计数器P4的信号来计算是否启动车窗防夹。Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the DC motor U3 will generate a current ripple with periodic characteristics during operation. This current can be detected on the current loop of its full-bridge driver U2, and a ripple voltage signal is generated through the sampling resistor R1 , through the passive low-pass filter circuit R2 and C1, the P0.1 of the controller U1 is input to the programmable amplifier A1 of the controller U1, and the ripple voltage signal input from the P0.1 pin is amplified to a peak value of about 4V , respectively provided to the comparator B1 and the DC isolation circuit A2. Comparator B1 compares the amplified ripple voltage signal with the set reference voltage Vref, generates a
车窗的升降按键输入通过P1.1引脚输入到中央处理器P1,中央处理器P1通过PWM驱动器P2和方向选择器P3来输出0或1信号到P1.4引脚和P1.5引脚来控制直流电机U3运行。当P1.5引脚输出1,P1.4引脚输出0时,直流电机U3正转,车窗上升;当P1.5引脚输出0,P1.4引脚输出1时,直流电机U3反转,车窗下降;当P1.5引脚输出0,P1.4引脚输出0时,直流电机U3停转,车窗不动。在车窗上升时,如果防夹启动,控制器将控制直流电机U3反转3秒,然后停止。The window lift key input is input to the central processing unit P1 through the P1.1 pin, and the central processing unit P1 outputs a 0 or 1 signal to the P1.4 pin and the P1.5 pin through the PWM driver P2 and the direction selector P3 To control the operation of the DC motor U3. When the P1.5 pin outputs 1 and the P1.4
在控制器U1上电启动时,同时从EEPROM中读取车窗位置数据,然后读取按键输入,如果有升降车窗操作,就设置对应的开关信号来驱动MOS管T1、T2、T3、T4。如果车窗向上运动时,检测到了过流信号,这时,车窗位置又在防夹启动区域,控制器U1就输出方向开关信号,通过MOS管T1、T2、T3、T4驱动直流电机U3反转3秒后停止,则防夹操作完成。不论电机升降运动,控制器U1都会通过中断计数程序记录电机走过了多少位置,并且在需要时把该位置信息写入EEPROM。When the controller U1 is powered on, it reads the window position data from the EEPROM at the same time, and then reads the key input. If there is a window lift operation, set the corresponding switch signal to drive the MOS tubes T1, T2, T3, and T4 . If an overcurrent signal is detected when the window moves upwards, and the window position is in the anti-pinch starting area, the controller U1 outputs a direction switch signal, and drives the DC motor U3 to reverse Stop after turning for 3 seconds, then the anti-pinch operation is completed. Regardless of the motor's up and down movement, the controller U1 will record how many positions the motor has traveled through the interrupt counting program, and write the position information into the EEPROM when needed.
在每次循环时,会检测电压,如果电压过低,就把数据写入EEPROM,避免掉电引起的数据丢失。In each cycle, the voltage will be detected. If the voltage is too low, the data will be written into the EEPROM to avoid data loss caused by power failure.
本实用新型较多的使用了控制器U1、全桥驱动器U2、直流电机U3、可编程放大器A1、直流隔离电路A2、有源一阶低通滤波电路A3、施密特比较器A4、比较器B1、中央控制器P1、PWM驱动器P2、方向选择器P3、计数器P4、MOS管T1、T2、T3、T4等术语,但并不排除使用其它术语的可能性。使用这些术语仅仅是为了更方便地描述和解释本发明的本质;把它们解释成任何一种附加的限制都是与本发明精神相违背的。The utility model mostly uses controller U1, full-bridge driver U2, DC motor U3, programmable amplifier A1, DC isolation circuit A2, active first-order low-pass filter circuit A3, Schmidt comparator A4, comparator B1, central controller P1, PWM driver P2, direction selector P3, counter P4, MOS transistors T1, T2, T3, T4 and other terms, but the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used only for the purpose of describing and explaining the essence of the present invention more conveniently; interpreting them as any kind of additional limitation is against the spirit of the present invention.
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-
2009
- 2009-09-22 CN CN2009201968669U patent/CN201517333U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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