CN201439312U - Numerical control electric car - Google Patents
Numerical control electric car Download PDFInfo
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- CN201439312U CN201439312U CN2009200016305U CN200920001630U CN201439312U CN 201439312 U CN201439312 U CN 201439312U CN 2009200016305 U CN2009200016305 U CN 2009200016305U CN 200920001630 U CN200920001630 U CN 200920001630U CN 201439312 U CN201439312 U CN 201439312U
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- numerical control
- car
- stepping motor
- electric car
- control electric
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Abstract
The utility model provides a numerical control electric car, belonging to the field of electric cars. The main problem existing in the current electric car industry which cannot be developed is that a great defect exists because alternating-current and direct-current motors are used to drag cars. Through the improvement to the numerical control technology, the requirement on the running of vehicles is satisfied. The improvement refers to the novel and practical technology for the development of the electric cars. The numerical control electric car consists of a central controller, a driver, a stepping motor, a storage battery pack, a sensor and a car body. The utility model is characterized in that the property of the stepping motor is basically consistent with the moment required for the low-speed starting of a vehicle, and the stepping motor is installed on two rear wheels to directly drag the car. The central controller is installed in a cab and is connected with the driver, the storage battery pack, a throttle pedal sensor and a steering wheel angle sensor to satisfy the driving requirements of the car. The utility model has the advantages that the starting current is small, the numerical control electric car can be directly started, no speed waiting is required and then electric energy is saved. Moreover, since the numerical control electric car does not have an engine, a gearbox, a transmission device, a differential mechanism, a water pump, an oil pump and a steam pump, the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to electronlmobil.
Background technology
The petroleum-based energy crisis, common people all know.Substituting with electric energy that oil uses in automotive field is inexorable trend.The development of battery-driven car at present is very slow, mainly has two large problems: the one, and battery; The 2nd, drag.
One, battery:
Science and technology also can not be developed the storage battery of very big ampere-hour (Ah) at present.This is a key factor that hinders the battery-driven car development.But, be not principal element.The Ni-MH battery of Ovonie company production at present: ampere-hour can reach 130Ah; Service life is above 600 times; One class car once charges and can exercise 345km.One case oil enforcement range difference is few with adding.Inferior point also can reach 200km.
But good again storage battery also will charge, and resolves the charging problem and is only the key issue that solves battery.
1, present electromobile battery service condition:
(1), wide in variety: plumbic acid, NI-G, ni-mh, receive sulphur, or the like.
(2), manufacturer is many: domestic bigger producer has more than 42 families, but small, level is not high.Especially installation dimension differs, and this just makes troubles to general, exchange.
(3), the charging of electromobile battery all is that the car owner finishes.Each household all must have a cover charging equipment, more can not solve the electrically-charged problem of trip.
2, terms of settlement:
By changing the management process of using storage battery, this a great problem is to be not difficult to solve.
(1), country in China, at first the storage battery normalisation, especially installation dimension is united by different size, is convenient for changing.
(2), in the whole nation dotted each petrol service station, the electrically-charging equipment of storage battery is set.Battery-driven car can be changed storage battery very fast, easily to petrol service station.
Two, drag:
At present battery-driven car drag the main following two big classes that adopted: (1) DC motor: by add resistance or pressure regulation to armature, adjustable magnetic is realized.(2) alternating-current motor/AC motor: realize by pressure regulation, frequency modulation.
(1), dc electric car:
The starting of A, dc electric car:
Though the DC motor of using on the dc electric car can be issued to very big moment in rated voltage.DC motor can not be started with rated voltage again, and it will produce 10～20 times specified starting current, and it must step-down, progressively reaches rated voltage, could nominal force apart under move.The reduced voltage starting of DC motor can only be finished in the armature series resistance, like this electric energy just on starting resistance with heat energy dissipation, consume a large amount of invalid electric energy.It more can not the full voltage starting battery-driven car, and like that, breakaway starting current will be far longer than 20 times.
This has also just greatly consumed the energy Ah of storage battery.Therefore dc electric car can not Fraquent start, also can only start the back and move in treating fast state.This has also consumed the energy Ah of storage battery undoubtedly.These consumption all are effective consumptions.
The speed governing of B, dc electric car:
The speed governing of dc electric car can realize by series resistance in armature, adjusting armature voltage, adjusting magnetic pole voltage.
Series resistance in armature: on the one hand will be on resistance consumed power, characteristic curve is very soft on the other hand, speed of a motor vehicle shakiness.
Change magnetic pole voltage: changing the magnetic pole adjusting velocity by voltage is to belong to weak-magnetic speed-regulating, and it is to reduce magnetic flux
Come speed to a high-profile, but be no more than 1.2 times of rated speed of rotation, speed adjustable range is little; In addition, owing to reduce magnetic flux
Torque
To reduce, characteristic curve is soft, Δ 1＞Δ 0, and the speed of a motor vehicle is also unstable.
Change armature voltage: it is more satisfactory mode of speed control that the change armature voltage comes speed governing, and the adjustment of vdc is pretty troublesome.The G-D powerplant module is very desirable method, has got on but can not use car.
Domestic one tame major company design-calculated battery-driven car, in fact still dc electric car, it exchanges the armature of DC motor and magnetic pole, does magnetic pole with permanent-magnet steel, is installed in that (name is said: brushless motor) on the rotor.Add pulsation, adjustable square wave power to stator, regulate the voltage swing value that is added on the stator coil, (being referred to as aviation value in theory).To reach the purpose of governing speed.In fact: because the voltage U that is added on the stator coil is pulsed, electric current I is inevitable also pulses, and square wave also can decomposite many high order harmonics, and motor has just produced strong magnetic shake.Final still no success has been stopped.
(2), alternating current motor-car:
The starting of A, alternating current motor-car:
As everyone knows, the starting current of alternating-current motor/AC motor when starting is also very big, and starting current is 7～10 times of rated current.Especially drag the battery-driven car starting, breakaway starting current can be bigger.This has also just also greatly consumed the energy Ah of storage battery.Therefore the alternating current motor-car can not Fraquent start.Also can only start the back and move in treating fast state, this has also consumed the energy Ah of storage battery undoubtedly in large quantities.
The speed governing of B, alternating current motor-car:
The speed governing of alternating current motor-car can come speed governing, also can become the alternating current that can change frequency to direct current by the way that changes input voltage, adjusts the speed of alternating-current motor/AC motor, thereby changes the speed of alternating current motor-car.
Change input voltage and come speed governing: because the torque M of alternating-current motor/AC motor square changing with voltage U.This has limited speed adjustable range again greatly.In addition the way that realizes pressure regulation also is very numerous and diverse.
Change frequency and come speed governing: change the speed of alternating current motor-car, the not only power consumption of some in conversion by the way that changes frequency; And this two cover system is because of the complicated reliability decrease of bringing of electrical equipment.Moreover because the restriction of the magnetization physical property of silicon steel sheet, fitness for purpose operates in Figure 12 a section, conversion efficiency the best of electricity, magnetic-field intensity, moment.The alternating current motor-car adopts the speed governing of accent rate, and magnetic field will operate in unsaturated b section and oversaturation c section.Reduced the conversion efficiency of electricity, magnetic-field intensity, moment.It is also very undesirable to drag battery-driven car with AC machine.
Above-mentioned dc electric car and alternating current motor-car all exist invalid energy consumption height, speed governing difficulty, also need keep change-speed box, driver, diff, do not jump out former mode motor.These all are that battery-driven car develops the major reason of not getting up so far.
The utility model content
All there are invalid energy consumption height, speed governing difficulty in order to solve existing dc electric car and alternating current motor-car, also need keep the shortcoming of change-speed box, driver, diff, the utility model proposes the numerical control electric car.
The technical solution of the utility model is: the numerical control electric car, it comprises central controller, numerical control actuator, stepping motor, battery pack, sensor, car body, it is characterized in that: central controller is installed in the operator's compartment, two trailing wheels of car body are drive wheel, be separately installed with stepping motor on two trailing wheels, stepping motor is connected with numerical control actuator, central controller and battery pack by circuit, and the pizo-resistance of efp or sensor also are connected with central controller by circuit; Angular transducer is housed on bearing circle, and angular transducer is connected with central controller by circuit.
Beneficial effect: the utility model adopts stepping motor direct drive automobile, requires moment to match greatly when the stepping motor characteristic just in time starts to walk with vehicle low speed, and its starting current is little, speed governing convenient.Car acceleration are fast, and it is appropriate directly dragging automobile with stepping motor.But numerical control electric machine full voltage starting, do not treat fast state, saved electric energy yet; It does not have driving engine, does not have change-speed box, does not have driver, does not have diff, does not have water pump, does not have oil pump, does not have heat pump, and the configuration of automobile can significantly reduce, and cost-cutting is easily manufactured.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model:
Among the figure 1, be installed in the central controller in the operator's compartment; 2, be installed in numerical control actuator in the headstock; 3, be installed in two stepping motors in the trailing wheel; 4, be installed in battery pack (or being installed in the headstock) in the boot; 5, be installed in the pizo-resistance or the sensor of Das Gaspedal; 6, be installed in angular transducer on the bearing circle.
Fig. 2 is the assembly structure scheme drawing of stepping motor and trailing wheel:
Among the figure 1, stepping motor shell and stator; 2, stepping motor rotor; 3. stepping motor pole coil pig-tail wire; 4, wheel nave; 5, tire; 6, back axle.
Fig. 3 a is a trailing wheel theme scheme drawing:
Among the figure 1, stepping motor shell and stator; 2, stepping motor rotor; 3. stepping motor pole coil pig-tail wire; 4, wheel nave; 5, tire; 6, bearing.Also can make external-rotor-type to stepping motor, further strengthen torque.
Fig. 3 b is that the A of Fig. 3 a is to structural representation.
Fig. 4 is the torque and the impulse rate graph of relation of stepping motor:
A section curve is stepping motor optimum operation interval among the figure.From the low speed starting, the step frequency that is added on the stepping motor also must be from low speed when starting for automobile, and stepping motor torque maximum when low-frequency range is moved.This frequency H of stepping motor---torque M characteristic is the key that constitutes the numerical control electric car.
Fig. 5 is DC machine armature operation diagram of curves when adding resistance and starting: start-up course is long; Torque characteristics is soft.
Fig. 6 is that DC machine armature, magnetic pole add resistance startup, alignment circuit figure:
Fig. 7 is the DC machine magnetic pole time operation diagram of curves that adds the resistance speed governing: speed adjustable range is little.
Operation diagram of curves when Fig. 8 is the DC machine variable voltage control:
Variable voltage control is a DC motor speed-regulating preferred plan, still, obtain the good vdc of ripple factor, also is very difficult.
Operation diagram of curves when Fig. 9 is DC machine pulsation variable voltage control:
People want to come variable voltage control with the adjustment pulse width, and this can only be the thing of art of mathematics, measurement process.In the variable voltage control of needs acting drags, the just pulsating voltage that DC machine really obtains.
Motor operating state figure when Figure 10 is DC machine pulsation variable voltage control: motor can not move, and only trembles.
Operation diagram of curves when Figure 11 is the alternating current dynamo variable voltage control:
Torque M is more and more littler, and revolutional slip Δ n strengthens, and can not satisfy battery-driven car and drag requirement.
Curve of magnetization figure when Figure 12 is the alternating current dynamo frequency-adjustable speed-adjustable:
Alternating current dynamo all designs the section at magnetic saturation section a during fabrication; The b section will be unsaturated because of magnetic field, and depowering; The c section will be because of the magnetic field oversaturation, and has increased electric current.Still can not satisfy battery-driven car and drag requirement.
The specific embodiment
As Fig. 1,2,3, shown in, it is as follows to further describe the utility model: the numerical control electric car, it comprises central controller, numerical control actuator, stepping motor, battery pack, sensor, car body, concrete enforcement is summarized as follows: keep the part to step motor control on the basis of numerical control central controller, set up the vehicle drive program and the management program of travelling, be installed in the operator's compartment; Two trailing wheels of car body are drive wheel, are separately installed with stepping motor on two trailing wheels, and stepping motor is connected with numerical control actuator, central controller and battery pack by circuit, realize the automobile drag function; The pizo-resistance of efp or sensor also are connected with central controller by circuit, realize the car speed controllable function; Angular transducer is housed on bearing circle, and angular transducer is connected with central controller by circuit realizes the differential function of following of motor turning.
(1), the starting ability of stepping motor:
A, at present the stepping motor of each manufacturer production just to have possessed when low speed moment big, the littler characteristic of moment during high speed is shown in a section among Fig. 4.When just in time starting to walk with vehicle low speed, this characteristic require moment to match greatly.This specific character is that DC machine, alternating current dynamo can't be realized.
The starting current of B, stepping motor is exactly a rated current, so just greatly reduces starting current.Reduced the consumption of the energy Ah of storage battery.This specific character is again that DC machine, alternating current dynamo can't be realized.
C, in case of necessity that is to say, under the bad environment of road, can also artificially strengthen electric current, improves the engagement force of stator and rotor, guarantees that the numerical control electric car normally moves.
The accelerating performance of D, stepping motor is fine.In theory, just can accelerate to given value in 0.2 second from quiescence.(2), the speed governing of stepping motor:
The speed governing of A, stepping motor is with being installed in pizo-resistance or other sensor on the efp, through the AD conversion, makes the pulse of the different frequency that the numerical control central controller sends, and controls the speed of numerical control electric car again through the actuator of stepping motor.Very convenient, accurate.(can be accurate to 0.01 at least in the machine up)
B, numerical control electric car can be by being connected the magslip (or other sensor) that bearing circle is sent out when turning.Finely tune the velocity contrast of left and right stepping motor by the numerical control central controller.Trace performance when satisfying the turning of numerical control electric car.
C, can also by the numerical control central controller differential operation procedure function be set as required.Realize differential operation.
(3), the braking of stepping motor:
Stepping motor only adds power supply, and when not adding tacho-pulse, stepping motor is in braking mode.This state is that stator and rotor are braked with the magnetic attraction state.Do not have mechanical friction, can be used as soft braking.
Above-mentioned stepping motor characteristic shows fully that all it is very appropriate directly dragging the numerical control electric car with stepping motor.Its starting current is little, speed governing is very convenient.Be that DC motor, alternating-current motor/AC motor are incomparable.
(4), stepping motor is assembled in the feasibility of installing on the trailing wheel:
With general car is example: (figure: 3)
The back wheel diameter of general car in 60cm, width with 20cm.Its utilized space, diameter at 70cm, width at 30cm.
The driving power of Fukang Car is no more than 30kw.(driving power of the intrinsic dc electric car of above-mentioned our factory is 18kw).Certainly do not comprise oil pump, water pump, heat pump, air-conditioning, electrical generator, etc. the attached energy consumption that helps facility.The numerical control electric car to save at least oil pump, water pump, heat pump, electrical generator, etc. some attached facilities that help.
If the back wheel diameter with 60cm, width with the 20cm scope in, remove tire, stepping motor shell, manufacturing a root diameter is that 18cm, width are 8cm.According to computing formula: can horsepower output P=rotor surface area S sq cm/power constant K P=(S/K)
2
S=(18 * 3.14 * 8)
2≈ 204000 is as S K=1 greater than 10000 time
The magnetic pole that stepping motor the is made three-phase 204kw ÷ 3=68kw stepping motor 68kw ÷ 2=34kw that will slot
So every trailing wheel can have been made the stepping motor of 30kw at least.Satisfy the driving requirement of numerical control electric car.Being installed on the trailing wheel of Fukang Car, also is fully feasible.
(5), stepping motor is assembled on the trailing wheel feasibility of operation:
Making two power is that 16kw, step size are the stepping motor of 0.6/1.2 degree, is assembled on the trailing wheel of Fukang Car, and the trailing wheel of Fukang Car is outer to be counted through 65cm.Change 1 circle and just advance 2 meters, step size is by 0.6 degree, and revolution 1 circle impulse rate is that 600pps is just passable.
(play leg speed) during low speed: changeed 1 circle by 2 seconds, impulse rate is that 300pps is just passable.For improve accuracy, ability 2 times 600pps.
During high speed: pressed 180km/ hour, per second changes 25 circle meters, and impulse rate will reach 15000pps.For improve accuracy, ability 2 times 30000pps.
Such impulse rate is all at high torque (HT) section (figure: the 4a section).The feasibility of operation is good.
The numerical control electric car: but full voltage starting, do not treat fast state, saved electric energy greatly certainly yet.It does not also have change-speed box, does not have driver, does not have diff, does not have water pump, does not have oil pump, does not have electrical generator, does not have driving engine certainly yet.The being epoch, practical, later-model battery-driven car.
(6), the subject matter of numerical control electric car solved, and also finishes following two important improved projects as a complete numerical control electric car.With some supporting improved projects.
A, two important improved projects:
I, numerical control actuator:
The groundwork of numerical control actuator can be selected the basical traditional model of good numerical control actuator commonly used in the market for use, but must be according to above-mentioned newly-designed numerical control stepper motor and numerical control electric car operating needs, and the variation of power supply improves design.Hew out the numerical control actuator of the automobile-used new range of numerical control electric.
The numerical control actuator of the new range that numerical control electric is automobile-used is not to be installed in the actionless control housing, but is installed in the car of motion, vibration.Therefore the numerical control actuator of the automobile-used new range of numerical control electric must will reach corresponding shockproof requirements.
II, central controller:
Central controller can be selected homemade " Pentium " chip for use, enrolls the management program of numerical control electric car numerical control program, the corresponding numerical control electric car of injection, creates " the numerical control electric car central controller " of independent brand.
I, the numerical control operated program of numerical control electric car:
Numerical control electric car numerical control program, be used for controlling that the numerical control actuator goes that drive stepping motor realizes the advancing of numerical control electric car, retreats, synchronized operation, differential operation, the operation of the servo-actuated when turning between speed change, auxiliary braking and two trailing wheels.Numerical control operated program.
Ii, numerical control electric car management program:
Numerical control electric car management program is managed following system
A, drag the battery-driven car numerical control program system of battery-driven car operation.
The indicating system of b, the operation of indication battery-driven car.(light)
C, GPS indicating system.
The indicating system of d, indication storage battery energy ampere-hour (Ah).
The display system of e, the in good time presence states in demonstration battery-driven car front, rear, left and right.
F, the forward and backward ranging system of demonstration battery-driven car to obstacle distance.
The display system of g, demonstration battery-driven car speed, mileage.
H, infrared ray show the in good time presence states display system in battery-driven car the place ahead.
Prompting, the warning of i, all kinds of faults of demonstration battery-driven car.
J, comprehensive above each system just can set up (black box) of numerical control electric car.
B, supporting improved project:
I, still can select existing good system aspect propons, front-wheel, steering hardware, the braking mechanism for use.
II, the illumination and indicator lamp aspect also can select existing good device for use.Or be improved to semiconductor light-source.
III, see that Ke Ren person aspect vehicle body and the interior trim benevolence, sage see intelligence, the beautiful colourful landscape of the Xun that bursts forth.
IV, all kinds of monitor: left and right visor; The back mirror aspect also can be selected existing good device for use.Also can transform existing good electronic eyes device as.System also can set up forward and backward range finding and front infrared ray monitor, improves the vehicle monitoring performance.
V, aspect vehicle frame and back axle, to carry out adaptability reform.With adapt to storage battery, back axle, central controller and control panel, actuator by dress.
VI, the automobile-used storage battery of numerical control electric are just selected the best brand storage battery of existing market for use.Or it is selected by the company that manages petrol service station.
Numerical control electric car of changing the epoch just be presented in you in face of
More than arrogate to oneself from notion and to have stated my design-calculated utility model numerical control electric car.The practicality of my design-calculated numerical control electric car also has been described; Novel.
Certainly also want refinement, can not refinement in this part specification sheets.As long as under this general design idea instructs, management program, operation procedure, numerical control actuator, automobile-used stepping motor and other design and manufacturing in requisition for improvement part of removing further to finish the numerical control car just can obtain tangible numerical control electric car.Be willing to finish the engineering in these change epoch jointly with the knowledgeable people comprehensively.
Claims (1)
1. numerical control electric car, it is characterized in that: it comprises central controller, numerical control actuator, stepping motor, battery pack, sensor, car body; Central controller is installed in the operator's compartment, and two trailing wheels of car body are drive wheel, are separately installed with stepping motor on two trailing wheels; Stepping motor is connected with numerical control actuator, central controller and battery pack by circuit; The pizo-resistance of efp or sensor also are connected with central controller by circuit; Angular transducer is housed on bearing circle, also is connected with central controller by circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009200016305U CN201439312U (en) | 2009-01-04 | 2009-01-04 | Numerical control electric car |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009200016305U CN201439312U (en) | 2009-01-04 | 2009-01-04 | Numerical control electric car |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201439312U true CN201439312U (en) | 2010-04-21 |
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ID=42543980
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2009200016305U Expired - Fee Related CN201439312U (en) | 2009-01-04 | 2009-01-04 | Numerical control electric car |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102241232A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-16 | 金健 | Double-motor direct drive rear axle |
-
2009
- 2009-01-04 CN CN2009200016305U patent/CN201439312U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102241232A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-16 | 金健 | Double-motor direct drive rear axle |
| CN102241232B (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-09-18 | 金健 | Double-motor direct drive rear axle |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20100421 Termination date: 20150104 |
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| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |