CN201413535Y - Signal detection and shaping circuit, lightning trigger timer and its automatic timing runway - Google Patents

Signal detection and shaping circuit, lightning trigger timer and its automatic timing runway Download PDF

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CN201413535Y
CN201413535Y CN2008201546499U CN200820154649U CN201413535Y CN 201413535 Y CN201413535 Y CN 201413535Y CN 2008201546499 U CN2008201546499 U CN 2008201546499U CN 200820154649 U CN200820154649 U CN 200820154649U CN 201413535 Y CN201413535 Y CN 201413535Y
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power supply
counting
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朱明�
倪静雨
朱嘉慧
张潇丹
司霞
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及信号检测整形电路与雷光触发定时器及其自动计时跑道,属于非电量测量、自动控制与电子设备领域。简约型(计数型)雷光定时器由稳压电源、信号检测整形电路、(计数显示器)、边沿-脉冲转换器、线控时钟等组成,智能型雷光定时器由稳压电源、信号检测整形电路、单片机系统、微型键盘、周数/时间显示器等组成。而雷光触发自动计时跑道可分为双直线型、双扁环型、双哑铃型三种类型,由雷光定时器、角弯固定型或直接固定型光束指向调整器与跑道结构体组成。自动计时跑道则使用简便,计时精度高,是速度、计时或接力、耐力比赛的平台,在时间测量、脉冲计数、速度测量等方面有广泛的应用价值。

The utility model relates to a signal detection and shaping circuit, a lightning trigger timer and an automatic timing track thereof, and belongs to the fields of non-electrical quantity measurement, automatic control and electronic equipment. The simple (counting type) lightning timer is composed of a regulated power supply, signal detection and shaping circuit, (counting display), edge-pulse converter, wire-controlled clock, etc., and the intelligent lightning timer is composed of a regulated power supply, signal detection and shaping circuit , single-chip microcomputer system, miniature keyboard, week number/time display, etc. The Leiguang trigger automatic timing runway can be divided into three types: double straight line type, double flat ring type, and double dumbbell type. The automatic timing track is easy to use and has high timing accuracy. It is a platform for speed, timing or relay, and endurance competitions. It has a wide range of application values in time measurement, pulse counting, and speed measurement.

Description

信号检测整形电路与雷光触发定时器及其自动计时跑道 Signal detection and shaping circuit, lightning trigger timer and its automatic timing runway

技术领域 technical field

本实用新型涉及信号检测整形电路与雷光触发定时器及其自动计时跑道,属于非电量测量、自动控制与电子设备领域。The utility model relates to a signal detection and shaping circuit, a lightning trigger timer and an automatic timing track thereof, and belongs to the fields of non-electrical quantity measurement, automatic control and electronic equipment.

背景技术 Background technique

等距离速度比赛的时间测量通常有手动秒表计时、电子摄像计时、机械门控电子计时等方式。The time measurement of isometric speed competitions usually has manual stopwatch timing, electronic camera timing, mechanical gate electronic timing and other methods.

手动秒表计时:精度较差,对操作人员要求较高,在环道多圈比赛时还需要同时进行人工计圈数,数据容易出现偏差,特别在高速车模比赛时,同时计圈数与计时间相当困难。Manual stopwatch timing: poor accuracy and high requirements for operators. In the multi-lap competition of the circuit, it is necessary to manually count the laps at the same time, and the data is prone to deviation. Especially in high-speed car model competitions, the laps and time are counted at the same time quite difficult.

电子摄像计时:精度高、功能强,但需要专业操作人员,设备体积大、成本昂贵、机器的维护保养也较为麻烦。Electronic camera timing: high precision and powerful functions, but professional operators are required, the equipment is bulky, expensive, and the maintenance of the machine is also troublesome.

机械门控电子计时:功能较为简单,可用于直道计时,无法用于环道多圈计时,适合慢速的比赛项目,机械门开启所需的推力会对比赛产生不必要的影响。Mechanical gate electronic timing: the function is relatively simple, it can be used for straight track timing, but cannot be used for multi-lap timing of the circuit, suitable for slow competition events, the thrust required for the opening of the mechanical gate will have unnecessary impact on the competition.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本实用新型的目的是提供信号检测整形电路与雷光触发定时器及其自动计时跑道。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a signal detection and shaping circuit, a lightning trigger timer and an automatic timing track.

本实用新型的目的是通过下述技术方案实现的。The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions.

一种信号检测整形电路根据电路接法的不同有R-S触发器型与滞环比较器型二种结构形式。A signal detection and shaping circuit has two structural forms, an R-S trigger type and a hysteresis comparator type, according to different circuit connections.

信号检测整形电路由传声器MIC、激光器LS11与LS12、感光器D11与D12、定时电路555、开关S10、电阻R10~R13、二极管D10、LED发光管D13组成。The signal detection and shaping circuit is composed of microphone MIC, lasers LS11 and LS12, photoreceptors D11 and D12, timing circuit 555, switch S10, resistors R10-R13, diode D10, and LED light-emitting tube D13.

R-S触发器型信号检测整形电路:电阻R10与传声器MIC串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端通过二极管D10与开关S10的串联电路接定时电路555的Tri脚,激光器LS11与LS12串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接地,感光器D11与电阻R11串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接定时电路555的Tri脚,电阻R12与感光器D12串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接定时电路555的Thr脚。R-S flip-flop type signal detection and shaping circuit: resistor R10 is connected in series with microphone MIC across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, its common end is connected to the Tri pin of timing circuit 555 through the series circuit of diode D10 and switch S10, The lasers LS11 and LS12 are connected in series between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and their common terminal is grounded. Connected to the Tri pin of the timing circuit 555 , the resistor R12 is connected in series with the photoreceptor D12 across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the Thr pin of the timing circuit 555 .

滞环比较器型信号检测整形电路:电阻R10与传声器MIC串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端通过二极管D10与开关S10的串联电路接定时电路555的Tri脚和Thr脚,激光器LS11与LS12串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接地,感光器D11和D12分别与电阻R11和R12并联后再串联并路跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接定时电路555的Tri脚和Thr脚。Hysteresis comparator type signal detection and shaping circuit: the resistance R10 is connected in series with the microphone MIC and then connected between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the Tri pin of the timing circuit 555 through the series circuit of the diode D10 and the switch S10 and Thr pin, the lasers LS11 and LS12 are connected in series between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and their common terminal is grounded, and the photoreceptors D11 and D12 are connected in parallel with the resistors R11 and R12 respectively, and then connected in series and parallel across the positive Between the negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, its common terminal is connected to the Tri pin and the Thr pin of the timing circuit 555 .

信号检测整形电路的定时电路555的VDD脚与GND脚分别接正负电源+Vp与-Vp,定时电路555的Dis脚经电阻R13与发光管D13的串联电路接电源+Vp,定时电路555的OUT脚接为脉冲输出端XP,激光器LS11与LS12发出的光线分别对准感光器D11与D12。The VDD pin and the GND pin of the timing circuit 555 of the signal detection and shaping circuit are respectively connected to the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and the Dis pin of the timing circuit 555 is connected to the power supply +Vp through the series circuit of the resistor R13 and the light-emitting tube D13, and the timing circuit 555 The OUT pin is connected to the pulse output terminal XP, and the light emitted by the lasers LS11 and LS12 are aimed at the photoreceptors D11 and D12 respectively.

R-S触发器型信号检测整形电路的电路原理图如图1a所示,滞环比较器型信号检测整形电路的电路原理图如图1b所示。The circuit schematic diagram of the R-S flip-flop type signal detection and shaping circuit is shown in Figure 1a, and the circuit schematic diagram of the hysteresis comparator type signal detection shaping circuit is shown in Figure 1b.

一种简约型雷光触发电子定时器,简称:简约型雷光定时器,采用双电源供电;简约型雷光定时器有一个接地端GND、二个电源端即负电源端-Pv和正电源端+Pv,接收起跑发令枪声信号或起点撞线光变信号、终点撞线光变信号,并具有LED状态指示、LED时间显示与计时清零功能;其特征在于:简约型雷光定时器由稳压电源、信号检测整形电路、边沿-脉冲转换器、线控时钟组成,稳压电源接外部输入电源+Pv和-Pv、输出电压稳定的电源+Vp和-Vp连接至信号检测整形电路和边沿-脉冲转换器及线控时钟,信号检测整形电路输入起跑发令枪声信号或起点撞线光变信号与终点撞线光变信号、输出区段单脉冲信号,边沿-脉冲转换器的输入端SP与信号检测整形电路的输出端XP相连、输入区段单脉冲信号,边沿-脉冲转换器输出对应输入单脉冲信号前后沿的双脉冲信号即:前沿脉冲信号与后沿脉冲信号,线控时钟的输入端YP与边沿-脉冲转换器的输出端DP相连,线控时钟在前沿脉冲信号开始时刻启动计时、在后沿脉冲信号开始时刻停止计时,同时计时时间在线控时钟的LED时间显示窗中显示,需重新计时时通过清零按钮将时间显示窗显示的时间清零复位。A simple lightning trigger electronic timer, referred to as: simple lightning timer, adopts dual power supply; simple lightning timer has a ground terminal GND, two power supply terminals, namely negative power supply terminal -Pv and positive power supply terminal +Pv, Receive the starting gunshot signal or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line, the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line, and has LED status indication, LED time display and timing reset functions; Composed of detection shaping circuit, edge-pulse converter, and wire-controlled clock, the regulated power supply is connected to the external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and the power supply +Vp and -Vp with stable output voltage are connected to the signal detection shaping circuit and edge-pulse converter And the wire-controlled clock, the signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line and the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line, the output section single pulse signal, the input terminal SP of the edge-pulse converter and the signal detection and shaping circuit The output terminal XP is connected to the single pulse signal of the input section, and the edge-pulse converter outputs a double pulse signal corresponding to the front and rear edges of the input single pulse signal, namely: the leading edge pulse signal and the trailing edge pulse signal, the input terminal YP of the wire-controlled clock and the edge - The output terminal DP of the pulse converter is connected, the wire-controlled clock starts timing at the beginning of the leading edge pulse signal, and stops timing at the beginning of the trailing edge pulse signal, and the timing time is displayed in the LED time display window of the wire-controlled clock at the same time, when it needs to be re-timed Reset the time displayed in the time display window to zero by pressing the reset button.

简约型雷光触发电子定时器的结构框图如图2所示。The structural block diagram of the simplified lightning-triggered electronic timer is shown in Figure 2.

所述的边沿-脉冲转换器由电容C30、电阻R30~R32、二极管D31~D34、电压比较器B3组成,四个二极管D31~D34组成单相整流桥,整流桥有二个交流输入端、正负二个直流输出端,其中一个交流输入端通过电容C30与电阻R30的串联电路接转换器的输入端SP、另一个交流输入端接为转换器的接地端GND,整流桥的直流负输出端与正输出端分别通过电阻R31与R32接转换器的正电源端+Vp与负电源端-Vp,比较器B3的正负输入端分别接整流桥的直流正负输出端,比较器B3的正负电源端分别接为转换器的正负电源端+Vp与-Vp,比较器B3的输出端接为转换器的脉冲输出端DP。The edge-to-pulse converter is composed of a capacitor C30, resistors R30-R32, diodes D31-D34, and a voltage comparator B3. Four diodes D31-D34 form a single-phase rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge has two AC input terminals, positive Negative two DC output terminals, one of which is connected to the input terminal SP of the converter through a series circuit of capacitor C30 and resistor R30, and the other AC input terminal is connected to the ground terminal GND of the converter, and the DC negative output terminal of the rectifier bridge The positive and positive output terminals are respectively connected to the positive power supply terminal +Vp and the negative power supply terminal -Vp of the converter through resistors R31 and R32, the positive and negative input terminals of the comparator B3 are respectively connected to the DC positive and negative output terminals of the rectifier bridge, the positive and negative output terminals of the comparator B3 The negative power supply terminals are respectively connected to the positive and negative power supply terminals +Vp and -Vp of the converter, and the output terminal of the comparator B3 is connected to the pulse output terminal DP of the converter.

边沿-脉冲转换器的电路原理图如图3所示。The circuit schematic diagram of the edge-to-pulse converter is shown in Figure 3.

所述的稳压电源根据结构的不同有输出电压固定型与输出电压可调型二种形式,稳压电源有一个接地端GND、二个电源输入端即:正电源端+Pv与负电源端-Pv、二个电源输出端即:正电源端+Vp与负电源端-Vp。According to different structures, the stabilized power supply has two types: fixed output voltage type and adjustable output voltage type. The stabilized voltage power supply has a ground terminal GND and two power supply input terminals: positive power supply terminal +Pv and negative power supply terminal -Pv, two power supply output terminals: positive power supply terminal +Vp and negative power supply terminal -Vp.

输出电压固定型稳压电源:由正三端稳压电路、负三端稳压电路、电容C01~C04、二极管D01与D02组成,正三端稳压电路与负三端稳压电路的接地端GND接为稳压电源的接地端GND,正三端稳压电路与负三端稳压电路的输入Vi和输出Vo接为稳压电源的输入±Pv和输出±Vp。Output voltage fixed voltage stabilized power supply: composed of positive three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit, negative three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit, capacitors C01~C04, diodes D01 and D02, positive three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit and negative three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit are connected to ground terminal GND It is the ground terminal GND of the stabilized voltage supply, and the input Vi and output Vo of the positive three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit and the negative three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit are connected as the input ±Pv and output ±Vp of the stabilized voltage power supply.

输出电压可调型稳压电源:由正三端可调稳压电路、负三端可调稳压电路、电阻R01~R04、电容C01~C04、二极管D01与D02组成,电阻R01与R03串联后跨接在接地端GND与电源输出端+Vp之间、其公共端接正三端可调稳压电路调节端ADJ,电阻R02与R04串联后跨接在接地端GND与电源输出端-Vp之间、其公共端接负三端可调稳压电路调节端ADJ,正三端可调稳压电路与负三端可调稳压电路的输入Vi和输出Vo接为稳压电源的输入±Pv和输出±Vp。Adjustable output voltage stabilized power supply: It is composed of positive three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizer circuit, negative three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizer circuit, resistors R01~R04, capacitors C01~C04, diodes D01 and D02, and resistors R01 and R03 are connected in series to span It is connected between the ground terminal GND and the power supply output terminal +Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the positive three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit ADJ, and the resistors R02 and R04 are connected in series and connected between the ground terminal GND and the power supply output terminal -Vp. Its common terminal is connected to the adjustment terminal ADJ of the negative three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit, and the input Vi and output Vo of the positive three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit and the negative three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit are connected to the input ±Pv and output ±Pv of the stabilized voltage supply. Vp.

稳压电源的电容C01与C02置于电源输入端作为输入滤波电容,电容C03与C04置于电源输出端作为输出滤波电容,二极管D01与D02分别反向接在稳压电源的输入端与输出端之间。Capacitors C01 and C02 of the regulated power supply are placed at the input end of the power supply as input filter capacitors, capacitors C03 and C04 are placed at the output end of the power supply as output filter capacitors, and diodes D01 and D02 are reversely connected to the input and output ends of the regulated power supply respectively. between.

输出电压固定型稳压电源电路原理图如图4a所示,输出电压可调型稳压电源电路原理图如图4b所示。The circuit schematic diagram of the fixed output voltage regulated power supply is shown in Figure 4a, and the circuit schematic diagram of the output voltage adjustable regulated power supply is shown in Figure 4b.

所述的线控时钟为具有按键清零功能、并可进行线控的电子秒表,时间显示分辨率为10mS,六位LED七段码显示,最大计时与显示时间为99分59.99秒。The wire-controlled clock is an electronic stopwatch with button reset function and wire-controlled electronic stopwatch. The time display resolution is 10 mS, and the six-digit LED seven-segment code display has a maximum timing and display time of 99 minutes and 59.99 seconds.

一种计数型雷光触发电子定时器,简称:计数型雷光定时器,采用双电源供电;计数型雷光定时器有一个接地端GND、二个电源端即负电源端-Pv和正电源端+Pv,接收起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号、区段终点光变信号,具有计数方向控制功能、计数器复位功能、计数器置数功能、计数初值设定功能,并具有LED状态指示、LED时间显示与计时清零功能、直道模式与环道模式选择功能;其特征在于:计数型雷光定时器由稳压电源、信号检测整形电路、计数显示器、边沿-脉冲转换器、线控时钟、计数初值设定拨码开关、开关S0~S3及电阻R1与R2组成,稳压电源接外部输入电源+Pv和-Pv、输出电压稳定的电源+Vp和-Vp连接至信号检测整形电路与计数显示器及边沿-脉冲转换器与线控时钟,信号检测整形电路输入起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号与区段终点光变信号、输出区段脉冲信号,计数显示器输入端CK接信号检测整形电路的输出端XP、输入区段脉冲信号;单刀双掷开关S3的常开与常闭端分别接电源+Vp与-Vp、公共端接计数显示器的计数方向控制端U/D,开关S1与电阻R1串连后跨接在电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接计数显示器的复位端RST,开关S2与电阻R2串连后跨接在电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接计数显示器的置数端PE,含有上拉排阻的12位计数初值设定拨码开关其上拉排阻公共端接电源+Vp、其拨码开关公共端接电源-Vp、12位排阻与拨码开关的公共端与计数显示器的计数初值设定输入口PXYZ相连接,计数显示器自初值开始对输入脉冲进行计数并显示计数值,倒计数时计数显示器输出自初值N开始至计数到0的区间单脉冲信号,顺计数时计数显示器输出自初值N开始至计数到999的区间单脉冲信号;单刀双掷开关S0的常开端接信号检测整形电路的输出端XP、常闭端接计数显示器的输出端PK、公共端接边沿-脉冲转换器的输入端SP,开关S0常开端接通时雷光定时器为直道模式、开关S0常闭端接通时雷光定时器为环道模式,边沿-脉冲转换器输出对应输入单脉冲信号前后沿的双脉冲信号,线控时钟的输入端YP与边沿-脉冲转换器的输出端DP相连,线控时钟在前沿脉冲信号开始时刻启动计时、在后沿脉冲信号开始时刻停止计时,同时计时时间在线控时钟的LED时间显示窗中显示,需重新测量时复位或置数计数器、而计时器则通过清零按钮复位归零。A counting type lightning trigger electronic timer, referred to as: counting type lightning timer, adopts dual power supply; counting type lightning timer has a ground terminal GND, two power supply terminals, namely negative power supply terminal -Pv and positive power supply terminal +Pv, Receive the starting gun sound signal or the light-changing signal at the beginning of the section, the light-changing signal at the end of the section, with counting direction control function, counter reset function, counter setting function, counting initial value setting function, and has LED status indication, LED time Display and timing reset function, straight mode and loop mode selection function; it is characterized in that: the counting thunder timer is composed of a regulated power supply, a signal detection and shaping circuit, a counting display, an edge-to-pulse converter, a wire-controlled clock, and a counting initial Value setting dial switch, switches S0~S3 and resistors R1 and R2, the stabilized power supply is connected to the external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and the power supply with stable output voltage +Vp and -Vp is connected to the signal detection shaping circuit and counting display And the edge-pulse converter and wire-controlled clock, the signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the starting point of the section and the optical changing signal of the end of the section, and outputs the pulse signal of the section, and the input terminal CK of the counting display is connected to the signal detection and shaping The output terminal XP of the circuit and the input segment pulse signal; the normally open and normally closed terminals of the single pole double throw switch S3 are respectively connected to the power supply +Vp and -Vp, the common terminal is connected to the counting direction control terminal U/D of the counting display, and the switch S1 and Resistor R1 is connected in series between the power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the reset terminal RST of the counting display. Switch S2 and resistor R2 are connected in series and connected between the power supply +Vp and -Vp. The terminal is connected to the counting terminal PE of the counting display, and the 12-bit counting initial value setting dial switch with pull-up and resistance is included. The common end of bit exclusion and DIP switch is connected to the counting initial value setting input port PXYZ of the counting display. The counting display counts the input pulses from the initial value and displays the counting value. When counting down, the counting display outputs the initial value. The interval single pulse signal from N to counting to 0, the counting display outputs the interval single pulse signal from the initial value N to counting to 999 when counting up; the normally open end of the single pole double throw switch S0 is connected to the output terminal XP of the signal detection shaping circuit , The normally closed terminal is connected to the output terminal PK of the counting display, and the common terminal is connected to the input terminal SP of the edge-to-pulse converter. In the loop mode, the edge-to-pulse converter outputs double-pulse signals corresponding to the front and rear edges of the input single pulse signal. The input terminal YP of the line-controlled clock is connected to the output terminal DP of the edge-to-pulse converter. The line-controlled clock starts at the leading edge pulse signal Start timing at any time, stop timing at the beginning of the trailing edge pulse signal, and display the timing time in the LED time display window of the online control clock, reset or set the counter when re-measurement is required, and reset the timer to zero through the reset button.

计数型雷光触发电子定时器的结构框图如图5所示。The structural block diagram of the counting type lightning trigger electronic timer is shown in Figure 5.

所述的计数型雷光定时器的边沿-脉冲转换器、稳压电源、线控时钟与简约型雷光触发电子定时器的对应单元相同。The edge-to-pulse converter, regulated power supply, and wire-controlled clock of the counting type lightning timer are the same as the corresponding units of the simple type lightning trigger electronic timer.

所述的计数显示器由脉冲计数器、译码驱动器、脉冲周数显示器、反向缓冲器U21与U22组成,脉冲计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK、计数脉冲输出端PK、计数方向控制端U/D、复位端RST、置数端PE、计数初值设定输入口PXYZ即为计数显示器的相应端口,脉冲计数器的计数数值输出口QXYZ接译码驱动器的BCD码输入口SXYZ,译码驱动器的七段码输出口TXYZ接周数显示器的七段码输入口RXYZ,周数显示器的公共端COM接正电源+Vp,计数方向控制端U/D接周数显示器的输入端P1、同时经反向缓冲器U21接周数显示器的输入端P3,计数脉冲输出端PK经反向缓冲器U22接周数显示器的输入端P2,脉冲计数器与译码驱动器及反向缓冲器的正负电源端分别接计数显示器的正负电源+Vp与-Vp。The counting display is composed of a pulse counter, a decoding driver, a pulse cycle number display, a reverse buffer U21 and U22, the counting pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter, the counting pulse output terminal PK, the counting direction control terminal U/D, The reset terminal RST, the number setting terminal PE, and the initial counting value setting input port PXYZ are the corresponding ports of the counting display. The counting value output port QXYZ of the pulse counter is connected to the BCD code input port SXYZ of the decoding driver, and the seven-segment The code output port TXYZ is connected to the seven-segment code input port RXYZ of the cycle number display, the common terminal COM of the cycle number display is connected to the positive power supply +Vp, the counting direction control terminal U/D is connected to the input port P1 of the cycle number display, and at the same time, it is reverse buffered The device U21 is connected to the input terminal P3 of the cycle number display, the counting pulse output terminal PK is connected to the input terminal P2 of the cycle number display through the reverse buffer U22, and the positive and negative power terminals of the pulse counter, the decoding driver and the reverse buffer are respectively connected to the counting Display's positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp.

所述的周数显示器由三位带点七段码LED数码管与24个限流电阻组成,LED数码管采用共阳形式,三位数码管的公共端连接在一起作为周数显示器的公共端COM,组成数码管的每个发光二极管引出脚串接一个限流电阻,限流电阻对应七段码引脚部分:a1~g1、a2~g2、a3~g3组成周数显示器的七段码输入口RXYZ,而小数点对应的引脚:p1、p2、p3另外引出备用。The week number display is composed of three dotted seven-segment code LED digital tubes and 24 current-limiting resistors. The LED digital tubes adopt a common anode form, and the common ends of the three digital tubes are connected together as the common end of the week number display. COM, each light-emitting diode pin that forms the digital tube is connected in series with a current-limiting resistor, and the current-limiting resistor corresponds to the pin part of the seven-segment code: a1~g1, a2~g2, a3~g3 form the seven-segment code input of the week number display Port RXYZ, and the pins corresponding to the decimal point: p1, p2, p3 lead to spare.

带点七段码LED数码管的外观与引脚图如图6所示,周数显示器的电路原理图如图7所示。The appearance and pin diagram of the dotted seven-segment LED digital tube are shown in Figure 6, and the circuit schematic diagram of the week number display is shown in Figure 7.

所述的译码驱动器由三个BCD至七段码译码驱动器组成,BCD码输入引脚部分:A1~D1、A2~D2、A3~D3组成译码驱动器的BCD码输入口SXYZ,七段码输出引脚部分:a1~g1、a2~g2、a3~g3组成译码驱动器的七段码输出口TXYZ,三个BCD至七段码译码驱动器的电源接译码驱动器的电源端+Vp和-Vp。The decoding driver is composed of three BCD to seven-segment code decoding drivers, and the BCD code input pins: A1~D1, A2~D2, A3~D3 form the BCD code input port SXYZ of the decoding driver, seven segments Code output pin part: a1~g1, a2~g2, a3~g3 form the seven-segment code output port TXYZ of the decoding driver, and the power supply of three BCD to seven-segment code decoding drivers is connected to the power terminal +Vp of the decoding driver and -Vp.

译码驱动器的电路原理图如图8所示。The circuit schematic diagram of the decoding driver is shown in Figure 8.

所述的脉冲计数器有同步计数器与异步计数器二种形式。The pulse counter has two forms: a synchronous counter and an asynchronous counter.

同步计数器由三个可预置加减DEC计数器、一个或门、二个D型触发器、一个或非门组成,三个DEC计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK、计数方向控制端U/D、复位端RST、置数端PE的同名端连接在一起作为脉冲计数器对应功能控制端,最低位DEC计数器X的进/借位输入端CI接电源-Vp,而其进/借位输出端CO接高一位DEC计数器Y的进/借位输入端CI,此高一位DEC计数器Y的进/借位输出端CO接更高一位DEC计数器Z的进/借位输入端CI,如此DEC计数器的进/借位输入输出端CI与CO接成链式结构,三个DEC计数器的预置数据输入口PX1~PX4、PY1~PY4、PZ1~PZ4组成脉冲计数器的计数初值设定输入口PXYZ,三个DEC计数器的计数数值输出口QX1~QX4、QY1~QY4、QZ1~QZ4组成脉冲计数器的计数数值输出口QXYZ,触发器B的时钟输入端CK接高位DEC计数器Z的进/借位输出端CO,触发器B的数据输入端D接电源+Vp,触发器B的置位端SET接电源-Vp,脉冲计数器的复位端RST与置数端PE二个信号经或门运算输出同时接触发器B的复位端RST和触发器A的置位端SET,触发器A的时钟输入端CK接脉冲计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK,触发器A的数据输入端D接电源-Vp,触发器A的复位端RST接电源-Vp,或非门的二个输入端分别接触发器B的输出端Q与触发器A的输出端Q,或非门的输出端接为脉冲计数器的脉冲输出端PK,可预置加减DEC计数器、或门、D型触发器、或非门的电源接脉冲计数器的电源端+Vp和-Vp。The synchronous counter is composed of three DEC counters that can be preset to add and subtract, one OR gate, two D-type flip-flops, and one NOR gate. The counting pulse input terminal CK of the three DEC counters, the counting direction control terminal U/D, and the reset Terminal RST and the end with the same name as the setting terminal PE are connected together as the corresponding function control terminal of the pulse counter. The input terminal CI of the lowest bit DEC counter X is connected to the power supply -Vp, and its input terminal CO is connected to high The carry/borrow input terminal CI of one DEC counter Y, the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the higher one DEC counter Y is connected to the carry/borrow input terminal CI of the higher one DEC counter Z, so the DEC counter The carry/borrow input and output terminals CI and CO are connected in a chain structure, and the preset data input ports PX1~PX4, PY1~PY4, PZ1~PZ4 of the three DEC counters form the counting initial value setting input port PXYZ of the pulse counter, The counting value output ports QX1~QX4, QY1~QY4, QZ1~QZ4 of the three DEC counters form the counting value output port QXYZ of the pulse counter, and the clock input port CK of the trigger B is connected to the carry/borrow output port of the high DEC counter Z CO, the data input terminal D of flip-flop B is connected to the power supply +Vp, the set terminal SET of flip-flop B is connected to the power supply -Vp, the reset terminal RST of the pulse counter and the set number terminal PE two signals are simultaneously contacted and triggered through the OR gate operation output The reset terminal RST of trigger B and the set terminal SET of flip-flop A, the clock input terminal CK of flip-flop A is connected to the count pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter, the data input terminal D of flip-flop A is connected to the power supply -Vp, and the clock input terminal of flip-flop A is connected to the count pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter. The reset terminal RST of the NOR gate is connected to the power supply -Vp, the two input terminals of the NOR gate are respectively connected to the output terminal Q of the trigger B and the output terminal Q of the trigger A, and the output terminal of the NOR gate is connected to the pulse output terminal PK of the pulse counter , can preset addition and subtraction DEC counters, or gates, D-type flip flops, or gates, and the power supply of the NOR gate is connected to the power supply terminals +Vp and -Vp of the pulse counter.

同步计数器的电路原理图如图9a所示。The circuit schematic diagram of the synchronous counter is shown in Fig. 9a.

异步计数器由三个可预置加减DEC计数器、一个或门、二个D型触发器、一个或非门组成,连接方式与同步计数器基本相同,所不同的是DEC计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK与进/借位输入输出端CI和CO的接法,三个DEC计数器的进/借位输入端CI均接电源-Vp,最低位DEC计数器X的计数脉冲输入端CK接为脉冲计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK,而其进/借位输出端CO接高一位DEC计数器Y的计数脉冲输入端CK,此高一位DEC计数器Y的进/借位输出端CO接更高一位DEC计数器Z的计数脉冲输入端CK,如此可预置加减DEC计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK与进/借位输出端CO接成链式结构。The asynchronous counter is composed of three pre-settable addition and subtraction DEC counters, one OR gate, two D-type flip-flops, and one NOR gate. The connection method is basically the same as that of the synchronous counter, except that the counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter is The connection with the carry/borrow input and output terminals CI and CO, the carry/borrow input terminals CI of the three DEC counters are all connected to the power supply -Vp, and the counting pulse input terminal CK of the lowest bit DEC counter X is connected to the counting of the pulse counter The pulse input terminal CK, and its carry/borrow output terminal CO is connected to the count pulse input terminal CK of the high-level DEC counter Y, and the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the high-level DEC counter Y is connected to the high-level DEC counter The counting pulse input terminal CK of Z can be preset in this way. The counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter and the carry/borrow output terminal CO are connected to form a chain structure.

异步计数器的电路原理图如图9b所示。The circuit schematic diagram of the asynchronous counter is shown in Fig. 9b.

一种智能型雷光触发电子定时器,简称:智能型雷光定时器,采用双电源供电;智能型雷光定时器为双通道结构,有一个接地端GND、二个电源端即负电源端-Pv和正电源端+Pv,接收起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号、区段终点光变信号,并用微型键盘进行设置或输入数据,并具有LED状态指示、LED周数/时间显示器输出数据信息;其特征在于:智能型雷光定时器由稳压电源、二套信号检测整形电路、单片机系统、微型键盘、二个周数/时间显示器、电阻R1和R2、二极管D1~D4组成,稳压电源接外部输入电源+Pv和-Pv、输出电压稳定的电源+5V和-5V连接至信号检测整形电路、同时+5V电源连接至单片机系统,信号检测整形电路输入起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号与区段终点光变信号、输出区段脉冲信号,电阻R1、R2分别跨接在信号检测整形电路的输出端XP1、XP2与单片机系统的输入端ZP1、ZP2之间,二极管D3与D1、D4与D2串联后跨接在电源+5V与接地GND之间、其公共端分别接单片机系统的输入端ZP1、ZP2,电阻R1与R2及二极管D1~D4完成信号传送与电平变换功能,单片机系统的键盘接口与微型键盘连接,单片机系统的二个显示接口分别与二个周数/时间显示器相连接,单片机系统通过微型键盘设置工作模式或变更工作参数,单片机系统驱动周数/时间显示器显示脉冲计数值、时间量及相关工作状态。An intelligent lightning trigger electronic timer, referred to as: intelligent lightning timer, adopts dual power supply; intelligent lightning timer is a dual-channel structure, with a ground terminal GND, two power supply terminals, negative power supply terminal -Pv and positive power supply terminal. Power terminal +Pv, to receive the starting gunshot signal or the light-changing signal of the starting point of the section, the light-changing signal of the end of the section, and use the micro-keyboard to set or input data, and has LED status indication, LED week number/time display to output data information; It is characterized in that: the intelligent Leiguang timer is composed of a regulated power supply, two sets of signal detection and shaping circuits, a single-chip microcomputer system, a miniature keyboard, two cycle/time displays, resistors R1 and R2, and diodes D1 to D4. The regulated power supply is connected to The external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, the power supply with stable output voltage +5V and -5V are connected to the signal detection and shaping circuit, and the +5V power supply is connected to the single-chip system, and the signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the starting gun sound signal or the light change at the beginning of the section The signal is connected to the light-changing signal at the end of the section and the output section pulse signal. Resistors R1 and R2 are respectively connected between the output terminals XP1 and XP2 of the signal detection and shaping circuit and the input terminals ZP1 and ZP2 of the single-chip computer system. Diodes D3 and D1, After D4 and D2 are connected in series, they are connected between the power supply +5V and the ground GND, and their common terminals are respectively connected to the input terminals ZP1 and ZP2 of the microcontroller system. Resistors R1 and R2 and diodes D1 to D4 complete the signal transmission and level conversion functions. The keyboard interface of the system is connected with the miniature keyboard, and the two display interfaces of the single-chip system are respectively connected with two week/time displays. The single-chip system sets the working mode or changes working parameters through the miniature keyboard, and the single-chip system drives the week/time display. Pulse count value, amount of time and related working status.

智能型雷光触发电子定时器的结构框图如图10所示。The structural block diagram of the intelligent lightning trigger electronic timer is shown in Figure 10.

所述的周数/时间显示器采用扫描形式的带双点分隔符的四位八段LED数码管显示器,所述的微型键盘采用3×3的扫描形式键盘,键盘9个键为:←、→、↑、↓、确认、模式、置数、复位清零、置位满程,扫描形式的显示器与扫描形式的键盘有助于减少连接接口的连线数量。The week number/time display adopts a four-digit eight-segment LED digital tube display with a double-dot separator in a scanning form, and the miniature keyboard adopts a 3×3 scanning form keyboard, and the 9 keys of the keyboard are: ←, → , ↑, ↓, confirmation, mode, number setting, reset and clear, set full range, the display and keyboard in the scanning form help to reduce the number of connections to the connection interface.

周数/时间显示器外观与引脚图如图11所示,微型键盘外观与布局如图12所示。The appearance and pin diagram of the week number/time display are shown in Figure 11, and the appearance and layout of the miniature keyboard are shown in Figure 12.

一种双直线型自动计时跑道,采用多通道结构,具有二条比赛通道、一条设备通道与二条走线通道,其特征在于:双直线型自动计时跑道由简约型或智能型雷光定时器、光束指向调整器与双直线型跑道结构体组成,跑道结构体由底板Z1、侧板Z2、基板Z3、盖板Z4及隔板Z5组成,二块侧板与一块基板组成H形结构,其上部空间为比赛通道、下部空间为走线通道,二个H形结构固定在底板上,二个H形结构间留出一定空间作为设备通道,走线通道与设备通道用隔板封闭或隔开,隔板开有过线孔,设备通道上部由盖板封口;光束指向调整器安装于侧板上靠近设备通道两端的位置,雷光定时器安置在设备通道中,其清零按钮、LED指示灯与时间显示窗或线控时钟部分安装于盖板上,以利于观察与操作,激光器一头固定于侧板开孔中、另一头置于光束指向调整器中,感光器安放于激光束照射到的对面侧板的开孔中,感光器、激光器与雷光定时器通过走线通道与设备通道行线连接。A dual-linear automatic timing track adopts a multi-channel structure and has two competition channels, one equipment channel and two routing channels. The regulator is composed of a double linear runway structure. The runway structure is composed of a bottom plate Z1, a side plate Z2, a base plate Z3, a cover plate Z4 and a partition Z5. Two side plates and a base plate form an H-shaped structure. The upper space is The competition channel and the lower space are cable channels. Two H-shaped structures are fixed on the bottom plate. A certain space is reserved between the two H-shaped structures as equipment channels. The cable channels and equipment channels are closed or separated by partitions. There is a wire hole, and the upper part of the equipment channel is sealed by a cover plate; the beam pointing adjuster is installed on the side plate near the two ends of the equipment channel, and the Leiguang timer is placed in the equipment channel, and its reset button, LED indicator light and time display The window or wire-controlled clock part is installed on the cover plate to facilitate observation and operation. One end of the laser is fixed in the opening of the side plate, and the other end is placed in the beam pointing adjuster. The photoreceptor is placed on the opposite side plate irradiated by the laser beam. In the opening, the photoreceptor, laser and Leiguang timer are connected to the equipment channel through the wiring channel.

双直线型自动计时跑道的立体图、截面图、俯视图如图13、图14、图15所示。The perspective view, cross-sectional view and top view of the double linear automatic timing track are shown in Figure 13, Figure 14 and Figure 15.

所述的光束指向调整器有角弯固定型与直接固定型二种形式,其光束指向调整的方式又分为X型与Y型二种,角弯固定型光束指向调整器由圆管X4、调整镙钉X2、角弯X5、固定镙钉X3组成,圆管径向开有二排周向均匀分布的螺孔,一排螺孔用于固定角弯以将整个光束指向调整器牢靠地固定在跑道的侧板上,另一排螺孔用于配合调整镙钉调节激光光束的方向;直接固定型光束指向调整器由T型管X1、调整镙钉X2、固定镙钉X3组成,T型管的端面与圆柱面各开有周向均匀分布的螺孔,端面螺孔用于将光束指向调整器牢靠地固定在跑道的侧板上,圆柱面螺孔用于配合调整镙钉调节激光光束的方向。The beam pointing adjuster has two forms: angle-bending fixed type and direct-fixing type, and its beam pointing adjustment method is divided into X type and Y type. The angle-bending fixed type beam pointing adjuster consists of round tube X4, Adjusting screw X2, angle bend X5, fixed screw X3, the circular tube is radially opened with two rows of screw holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, one row of screw holes is used to fix the angle bend so as to firmly fix the entire beam pointing to the adjuster On the side plate of the runway, another row of screw holes is used to adjust the direction of the laser beam with adjusting screws; the directly fixed beam pointing adjuster is composed of T-shaped tube X1, adjusting screws X2, and fixing screws X3. The end surface of the tube and the cylindrical surface are provided with screw holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The screw holes on the end surface are used to firmly fix the beam pointing adjuster on the side plate of the runway. The screw holes on the cylindrical surface are used to adjust the laser beam with adjusting screws. direction.

X型与Y型光束指向调整方式示意图如图16a、16b所示,直接固定型光束指向调整器立体示意图与侧向截面图如图17a、17b所示,角弯固定型光束指向调整器立体示意图与侧向截面图如图18a、18b所示。The schematic diagrams of X-type and Y-type beam pointing adjustment methods are shown in Figures 16a and 16b. The stereoscopic schematic diagrams and side sectional views of the direct fixed beam pointing adjusters are shown in Figures 17a and 17b. The three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the angle-bending fixed beam pointing adjusters And the side sectional view is shown in Fig. 18a, 18b.

一种双扁环型自动计时跑道,采用三通道结构形式,具有二条比赛通道和一条设备通道,其特征在于:双扁环型自动计时跑道由计数型雷光定时器或智能型雷光定时器、光束指向调整器与双扁环型跑道结构体组成,跑道结构体由底座H1、外侧板H3、内侧板H2、盖板H4与H5及隔板H6组成,外侧板与内侧板构成相对距离固定的扁环形结构,即:弯道与直道的板间距相同,二个扁环形结构固定在底板上,二个扁环形结构间留出一定空间作为设备通道,设备通道上部由盖板封口、前后由隔板封口,由内侧板围成扁圆柱的上部开口也由盖板封口:光束指向调整器安装于内侧板上靠近直道两端的位置,雷光定时器安置在设备通道中,其清零按钮、LED指示灯、周数显示器与时间显示器或线控时钟部分安装于盖板上,以利于观察与操作,激光器一头固定于侧板开孔中、另一头置于光束指向调整器中,感光器安放于激光束照射到的对面侧板的开孔中;所述的光束指向调整器与双直线型自动计时跑道的光束指向调整器相同。A double flat ring type automatic timing track adopts a three-channel structure and has two competition channels and one equipment channel. The pointing adjuster is composed of a double-flat ring-shaped runway structure. The runway structure is composed of a base H1, an outer plate H3, an inner plate H2, a cover plate H4 and H5, and a partition H6. The outer plate and the inner plate form a flat with a fixed relative distance. Ring structure, that is: the board spacing of the curve and the straight road are the same, two flat ring structures are fixed on the bottom plate, a certain space is reserved between the two flat ring structures as equipment channels, the upper part of the equipment channels is sealed by cover plates, and the front and rear are separated by partitions Sealing, the upper opening of the flat cylinder surrounded by the inner plate is also sealed by the cover plate: the beam pointing adjuster is installed on the inner plate near the two ends of the straight road, the thunder timer is placed in the equipment channel, and its reset button, LED indicator , The week number display and time display or wire-controlled clock are partly installed on the cover plate to facilitate observation and operation. One end of the laser is fixed in the opening of the side plate, the other end is placed in the beam pointing adjuster, and the photoreceptor is placed in the laser beam. In the opening of the opposite side plate irradiated; the beam pointing adjuster is the same as the beam pointing adjuster of the double linear automatic timing runway.

双扁环型自动计时跑道的俯视图如图19所示,双扁环型自动计时跑道的截面图如图21a所示。The top view of the double flat ring type automatic timing runway is shown in Figure 19, and the cross-sectional view of the double flat ring type automatic timing runway is shown in Figure 21a.

一种双哑铃型自动计时跑道,采用三通道结构形式,具有二条比赛通道和一条设备通道,其特征在于:双哑铃型自动计时跑道由计数型雷光定时器或智能型雷光定时器、光束指向调整器与双哑铃型跑道结构体组成,其组成、结构、位置关系与双扁环型自动计时跑道基本相同,所不同的是:双哑铃型自动计时跑道的结构体为满足最大车体顺利通过跑道,需要外侧板在弯道部分外扩,使能在直道中行进的最大车体也能在弯道中顺利行进,即:弯道比直道的板间距要大一些,弯道外侧板的内径为双扁环型弯道外侧板的内径与最大车身长的模,即:两者平方和的开方;所述的光束指向调整器与双直线型自动计时跑道的光束指向调整器相一致。A double-dumbbell-shaped automatic timing track adopts a three-channel structure and has two competition channels and one equipment channel. Its composition, structure, and positional relationship are basically the same as those of the double-flat-ring automatic timing track. , it is necessary for the outer plate to expand outward in the curve, so that the largest car body that can travel in the straight road can also travel smoothly in the curve, that is, the distance between the plates of the curve is larger than that of the straight road, and the inner diameter of the outer plate of the curve is double The modulus of the inner diameter of the flat ring type curved outer plate and the maximum body length, that is, the square root of the sum of the squares of the two; the beam pointing adjuster is consistent with the beam pointing adjuster of the double-linear automatic timing track.

双哑铃型自动计时跑道的俯视图如图20所示,双哑铃型自动计时跑道的截面图如图21b所示。The top view of the double dumbbell-shaped automatic timing runway is shown in Figure 20, and the cross-sectional view of the double dumbbell-shaped automatic timing runway is shown in Figure 21b.

激光,又称雷射光,具有亮度高、方向一致性好等特点,采用雷射光束作为赛车、机器人速跑等比赛的位置与时间测量工具具有精度高、抗干扰能力强等优点。Laser, also known as laser light, has the characteristics of high brightness and good direction consistency. The use of laser beams as position and time measurement tools for races such as racing cars and robot speed running has the advantages of high precision and strong anti-interference ability.

自动计时跑道由雷光定时器、光束指向调整器、跑道结构体三个部分构成。跑道结构体有双直线型、双扁环型、双哑铃型三种结构形式,是赛车、机器人速跑等比赛的平台。The automatic timing runway is composed of three parts: the thunder timer, the beam pointing adjuster, and the runway structure. The track structure has three structural forms: double straight line, double flat ring, and double dumbbell. It is a platform for races such as racing cars and robot speed running.

光束指向调整器用于固定激光器,并可调整雷射光束的方向,使雷射光束能精确地对准跑道对面的感光器。The beam pointing adjuster is used to fix the laser and adjust the direction of the laser beam so that the laser beam can be precisely aimed at the photoreceptor on the opposite side of the runway.

雷光定时器是自动计时跑道的核心部分,有简约型、计数型、智能型三种形式。Leiguang timer is the core part of the automatic timing track, and it has three forms: simple type, counting type and intelligent type.

雷光定时器采用电池或交流市电经降压整流滤波得到的初级直流电源作为电源输入,经稳压电源稳压输出信号检测整形电路、计数显示器、边沿-脉冲转换器、线控时钟或单片机系统等单元所需要的稳压直流电源。The Leiguang timer adopts the primary DC power supply obtained by step-down rectification and filtering of the battery or AC mains as the power input, and the regulated output signal of the regulated power supply detects the shaping circuit, counting display, edge-to-pulse converter, wire-controlled clock or single-chip microcomputer system The regulated DC power supply required by other units.

R-S触发器型信号检测整形电路的555定时电路组成R-S触发器,滞环比较器型信号检测整形电路的555定时电路组成滞环比较器,工作时激光器开启,感光器受到激光照射电阻减小、电流增大,使555定时电路的Tri脚处于相对高电平状态、而Thr脚则处于相对低电平状态,555定时电路的OUT脚保持复位后的初始状态即低电平不变,555定时电路通过Dis脚驱动LED指示灯发光;当发令枪声响起,传声器检测到如雷般高分贝的声音信号,产生一个电压波动信号,导致555定时电路的Tri脚出现一组达到低电平的电压波动信号,555定时电路输出状态翻转为高电平,此时LED指示灯不发光;当不使用发令枪或由开关S1断开枪声信号检测电路时,赛车或机器人移动而阻断起点雷射光束到达感光器而产生起点撞线光变信号(区段起点光变信号),导致起点感光器电阻变大、电流减小,并导致555定时电路的Tri脚出现一个或一组低电平脉冲信号,555定时电路输出状态翻转为高电平;赛车或机器人离开起点区域继续移动而阻断终点雷射光束到达感光器时,产生终点撞线光变信号(区段终点光变信号),导致终点感光器电阻变大、电流减小,并导致555定时电路的Thr脚出现一个或一组高电平脉冲信号,555定时电路输出状态又翻转为低电平,同时LED指示灯恢复发光;在赛车或机器人通过起点光束与终点光束所界定的范围时,555定时电路输出一个高电平脉冲电压信号。The 555 timing circuit of the R-S flip-flop type signal detection shaping circuit forms the R-S flip-flop, and the 555 timing circuit of the hysteresis comparator type signal detection shaping circuit forms the hysteresis comparator. The current increases, so that the Tri pin of the 555 timing circuit is in a relatively high level state, while the Thr pin is in a relatively low level state, and the OUT pin of the 555 timing circuit remains in the initial state after reset, that is, the low level remains unchanged. The circuit drives the LED indicator light through the Dis pin; when the starting gun sounds, the microphone detects a thunderous high-decibel sound signal, which generates a voltage fluctuation signal, which causes a group of low-level voltage fluctuations to appear on the Tri pin of the 555 timing circuit signal, the output state of the 555 timing circuit is flipped to a high level, and the LED indicator light is not lit at this time; when the starting gun is not used or the gunshot signal detection circuit is disconnected by the switch S1, the racing car or robot moves to block the laser beam at the starting point from reaching The photoreceptor generates the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line (the light-changing signal of the starting point of the section), which causes the resistance of the starting point photoreceptor to increase and the current to decrease, and causes one or a group of low-level pulse signals to appear on the Tri pin of the 555 timing circuit. The output state of the 555 timing circuit flips to a high level; when the racing car or robot leaves the starting area and continues to move and blocks the laser beam at the end point to reach the photoreceptor, a light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line (a light-change signal at the end of the section) is generated, resulting in a light-sensitive signal at the end point The resistance of the device increases, the current decreases, and one or a group of high-level pulse signals appear on the Thr pin of the 555 timing circuit, and the output state of the 555 timing circuit turns back to low level, and at the same time, the LED indicator light returns to light; When the robot passes the range defined by the start beam and the end beam, the 555 timing circuit outputs a high-level pulse voltage signal.

信号检测整形电路的信号输入输出波形如图22所示。The signal input and output waveforms of the signal detection and shaping circuit are shown in Figure 22.

边沿-脉冲转换器的输入电容C30与电阻R30及R31、R32构成微分电路,当输入电压不变时四个二极管构成的桥式整流电路的负直流输出端为正电压,正直流输出端为负电压,比较器B3输出低电平;当输入脉冲电压信号时,脉冲上升沿突变电压使整流电路的正直流输出端电压高于负直流输出端电压,比较器B3输出高电平,延时一定时间后微分电路状态恢复,比较器B3恢复输出低电平;脉冲下降沿突变电压使整流电路的负直流输出端电压低于正直流输出端电压,比较器B3同样输出高电平,延时一定时间后微分电路状态恢复,比较器B3恢复输出低电平;即:比较器输出一个对应于输入脉冲上升沿(前沿)与下降沿(后沿)的高电平双脉冲信号。The input capacitor C30 of the edge-to-pulse converter forms a differential circuit with resistors R30, R31, and R32. When the input voltage is constant, the negative DC output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit composed of four diodes is a positive voltage, and the positive DC output terminal is a negative voltage. voltage, comparator B3 outputs low level; when a pulse voltage signal is input, the pulse rising edge mutation voltage makes the positive DC output voltage of the rectifier circuit higher than the negative DC output voltage, comparator B3 outputs high level, and the delay is constant After a period of time, the state of the differential circuit recovers, and the comparator B3 resumes outputting low level; the sudden voltage of the falling edge of the pulse makes the voltage of the negative DC output terminal of the rectifier circuit lower than the voltage of the positive DC output terminal, and the comparator B3 also outputs high level, with a certain delay After a period of time, the state of the differential circuit is restored, and the comparator B3 resumes outputting low level; that is, the comparator outputs a high-level double-pulse signal corresponding to the rising edge (leading edge) and falling edge (trailing edge) of the input pulse.

边沿-脉冲转换器的输入输出信号波形如图23所示。The input and output signal waveforms of the edge-to-pulse converter are shown in Figure 23.

计数显示器由脉冲计数器、译码驱动器、周数显示器、反向缓冲器等组成,脉冲计数器输出信号经反向缓冲器控制周数显示器中间一位数码管的小数点显示计数显示器的输出状态(灯亮表示正在计数计时中),方向控制信号控制脉冲计数器的计数加减方式,并直接驱动低位数码管的小数点、同时通过反向缓冲器控制高位数码管的小数点,即:高位点亮低位点暗时表示计数器为加法计数状态、高位点暗低位点亮时表示计数器为减法计数状态。加法计数时,计数器先通过RST信号复位或通过PE信号置数,计数开始第一个脉冲到时触发D型触发器A输出低电平,至计数器计数增至999(或900~999)时高位DEC计数器的进/借位输出低电平,在下一个脉冲到来时高位DEC计数器的进/借位输出高电平,并触发D型触发器B输出高电平,触发器A与触发器B的输出经过或非门运算输出一个高电平宽脉冲。减法计数时,计数器先通过RST信号复位或通过PE信号置数,计数开始第一个脉冲到时触发D型触发器A输出低电平,至计数器计数减至000(或099~000)时高位DEC计数器的进/借位输出低电平,在下一个脉冲到来时高位DEC计数器的进/借位输出高电平,并触发D型触发器B输出高电平,触发器A与触发器B的输出经过或非门运算输出一个高电平宽脉冲。通过预置不同的计数初值,计数器产生一个计数脉冲数可设定的高电平门控脉冲信号。同时,脉冲计数器输出数据经译码驱动器输入周数显示器,周数显示器显示脉冲周数计数值。The counting display is composed of a pulse counter, a decoding driver, a cycle number display, a reverse buffer, etc. The output signal of the pulse counter is controlled by the reverse buffer. Counting and timing), the direction control signal controls the counting addition and subtraction of the pulse counter, and directly drives the decimal point of the low bit digital tube, and at the same time controls the decimal point of the high bit digital tube through the reverse buffer, that is: when the high bit is on and the low bit is dark, it means The counter is in the addition counting state, and when the high bit is dark and the low bit is on, it means the counter is in the subtraction counting state. When counting up, the counter is first reset by the RST signal or set by the PE signal. When the first pulse of the counting starts, the D-type flip-flop A is triggered to output a low level, and when the counter counts to 999 (or 900~999), it is high. The carry/borrow output of the DEC counter is low level, and when the next pulse arrives, the carry/borrow output of the high DEC counter is high level, and triggers the D-type flip-flop B to output high level, and the trigger A and flip-flop B The output outputs a high-level wide pulse through the NOR gate operation. When subtracting counting, the counter is first reset by the RST signal or set by the PE signal, and the first pulse at the beginning of the counting triggers the D-type flip-flop A to output a low level, and the counter counts down to 000 (or 099~000) when it is high. The carry/borrow output of the DEC counter is low level, and when the next pulse arrives, the carry/borrow output of the high DEC counter is high level, and triggers the D-type flip-flop B to output high level, and the trigger A and flip-flop B The output outputs a high-level wide pulse through the NOR gate operation. By presetting different counting initial values, the counter generates a high-level gate pulse signal whose number of counting pulses can be set. At the same time, the output data of the pulse counter is input to the cycle number display through the decoding driver, and the cycle number display displays the count value of the pulse cycle number.

计数显示器的工作波形如图24所示。The working waveform of the counting display is shown in Figure 24.

简约型雷光定时器检测起跑发令枪声信号或起点撞线光变信号与终点撞线光变信号,信号检测整形电路输出计时门控单脉冲信号,边沿-脉冲转换器输出对应计时门控单脉冲信号边沿的双脉冲信号控制线控时钟计时,线控时钟显示从起跑发令枪声或起点撞线开始、至终点撞线结束所经历的时间。线控时钟不清零继续进行比赛或测试,则简约型雷光定时器继续计时显示累计的时间。The simple Leiguang timer detects the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line and the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line. The signal detection and shaping circuit outputs the timing-gated single-pulse signal, and the edge-pulse converter outputs the corresponding timing-gated single-pulse signal. The dual-pulse signal of the edge controls the timing of the wire-controlled clock, and the wire-controlled clock displays the elapsed time from the sound of the starting gun or the starting point hitting the line to the end point hitting the line. If the wire-controlled clock is not cleared to continue the game or test, the simple Leiguang timer will continue to count and display the accumulated time.

计数型雷光定时器检测起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号与区段终点光变信号,信号检测整形电路输出循环脉冲信号,计数显示器对循环脉冲信号计数并显示脉冲周数值,加法计数时显示:NNN~999、000~999、000~999、……,减法计数时显示:NNN~000、999~000、999~000、……;同时计数显示器输出由预置初值决定脉宽的脉冲作为计时门控单脉冲信号,边沿-脉冲转换器输出对应计时门控单脉冲信号边沿的双脉冲信号控制线控时钟计时。在环道模式时,线控时钟显示从起跑发令枪声或起点撞线开始、经过由预置初值相对应的循环圈数后所经历的时间,在设定的脉冲数到后继续输入脉冲信号,则计数显示器将循环计数,而线控时钟则不会累计计时,时间显示不变。在直道模式时,边沿-脉冲转换器控制线控时钟的状况与简约型雷光定时器的计时状态相同。计数型雷光定时器兼有简约型雷光定时器的功能。The counting type thunder timer detects the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal at the beginning of the section and the light-changing signal at the end of the section. The signal detection and shaping circuit outputs the cycle pulse signal. The counting display counts the cycle pulse signal and displays the value of the pulse cycle. Display: NNN~999, 000~999, 000~999, ..., during subtraction counting, display: NNN~000, 999~000, 999~000, ...; at the same time, the counting display outputs the pulse width determined by the preset initial value The pulse is used as a timing-gated single-pulse signal, and the edge-to-pulse converter outputs a double-pulse signal corresponding to the edge of the timing-gated single-pulse signal to control the timing of the wire-controlled clock. In the loop mode, the wire-controlled clock displays the time elapsed from the sound of the starting gun or the starting point hitting the line, and the number of cycles corresponding to the preset initial value, and continues to input the pulse signal after the set number of pulses is reached. , the counting display will count cyclically, but the wire-controlled clock will not accumulate time, and the time display will remain unchanged. In the straight mode, the edge-to-pulse converter controls the control-by-wire clock in the same state as the simple thunder timer. The counting type lightning timer has the functions of the simple type lightning timer.

当采用电平控制的线控时钟时,简约型雷光定时器与计数型雷光定时器的边沿-脉冲转换器可以省略,即:由信号检测整形电路或计数显示器输出的单脉冲直接控制线控时钟的计时。When the line-controlled clock with level control is used, the edge-to-pulse converter of the simple type Leiguang timer and the counting type Leiguang timer can be omitted, that is, the line-controlled clock is directly controlled by the single pulse output by the signal detection shaping circuit or the counting display timing.

智能型雷光定时器检测起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号与区段终点光变信号,信号检测整形电路输出循环脉冲信号,单片机系统的内部计数器对循环脉冲信号进行计数并显示计数数值,同时根据预置数据输出相应的宽脉冲作为计时门控脉冲信号,计时门控脉冲信号直接控制单片机系统的内部时钟计时,并显示从起跑发令枪声或起点撞线开始、经过预置数据对应的脉冲周数后所经历的时间。智能型雷光定时器的数据预置、顺计数或倒计数显示、复位、置数、置位等功能均通过微型键盘操作实现。通过键盘的设置,智能型雷光定时器在直道模式时可以设定在单次计时(单个单次比赛)或累计时间(多个接力比赛)状态下工作,在环道模式时可以设定在一次预置计数(单个多圈比赛)或最大循环计数(循环耐力比赛)状态下工作。智能型雷光定时器可以在计数状态中切换到顺计数显示模式或倒计数显示模式,倒计时显示:NNNN~0000,顺计时显示:0000~NNNN。智能型雷光定时器兼有计数型雷光定时器的功能,而且模式变换与参数设置更为简单、数据显示更灵活、使用更方便。The intelligent Leiguang timer detects the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal at the beginning of the section and the light-changing signal at the end of the section. The signal detection and shaping circuit outputs a cycle pulse signal. The internal counter of the single-chip system counts the cycle pulse signal and displays the count value. At the same time, according to the preset data, the corresponding wide pulse is output as the timing gate pulse signal. The timing gate pulse signal directly controls the internal clock timing of the single-chip system, and displays the pulse corresponding to the preset data from the sound of the starting gun or the starting point hitting the line. The elapsed time after the number of weeks. The functions of data preset, counting up or counting down display, reset, number setting, and position setting of the intelligent Leiguang timer are all realized through the operation of the miniature keyboard. Through the setting of the keyboard, the intelligent thunder timer can be set to work in the state of single timing (single single race) or cumulative time (multiple relay races) in the straight mode, and can be set in the state of one time in the loop mode. Works with preset count (single multi-lap race) or maximum cycle count (loop endurance race). The intelligent thunder timer can be switched to the count-up display mode or the count-down display mode in the counting state, the countdown display: NNNN~0000, the countdown display: 0000~NNNN. The intelligent thunder timer has the function of the counting thunder timer, and the mode conversion and parameter setting are simpler, the data display is more flexible, and the use is more convenient.

智能型雷光定时器的工作波形如图25所示。The working waveform of the intelligent thunder timer is shown in Figure 25.

组成信号检测整形电路的感光器可以采用光敏电阻、光敏二极管或光敏三极管等光敏器件,组成边沿—脉冲转换器的电压比较器可以采用运算放大器或具有类似功能的电路代替。而组成脉冲计数器、译码驱动器的器件通常采用CD4000系列的CMOS标准集成电路或74系列TTL标准集成电路,也可以采用可编程逻辑器件实现。The photoreceptor constituting the signal detection and shaping circuit can be photosensitive devices such as photoresistors, photodiodes or phototransistors, and the voltage comparator constituting the edge-to-pulse converter can be replaced by an operational amplifier or a circuit with similar functions. The devices that make up the pulse counter and decoding driver usually use CD4000 series CMOS standard integrated circuits or 74 series TTL standard integrated circuits, and can also be implemented by programmable logic devices.

电阻R1、R2、R01~R04、R10~R13的阻值通常(但不限于)取5KΩ~50KΩ,电阻R31、R32的阻值通常(但不限于)取R31=R32,电阻R30~R32的阻值通常(但不限于)取50KΩ~5MΩ,限流电阻的阻值通常(但不限于)取100Ω~2KΩ。The resistance values of resistors R1, R2, R01~R04, R10~R13 are usually (but not limited to) 5KΩ~50KΩ, the resistance values of resistors R31 and R32 are usually (but not limited to) R31=R32, and the resistance values of resistors R30~R32 The value is usually (but not limited to) 50KΩ-5MΩ, and the resistance value of the current-limiting resistor is usually (but not limited to) 100Ω-2KΩ.

本实用新型信号检测整形电路与雷光触发定时器及其自动计时跑道结构合理、牢靠,雷光定时器结构较为简单可靠、体积小、成本低,在模型车比赛、机器人速跑比赛以及时间测量、脉冲计数、速度测量等方面有广泛的应用价值。The signal detection and shaping circuit of the utility model, the lightning trigger timer and its automatic timing track have a reasonable and reliable structure, and the lightning timer structure is relatively simple and reliable, small in size and low in cost. Counting, speed measurement and other aspects have a wide range of application value.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1a R-S触发器型信号检测整形电路的电路原理图。Fig. 1a The schematic diagram of the R-S flip-flop type signal detection and shaping circuit.

图1b滞环比较器型信号检测整形电路的电路原理图。Fig. 1b The circuit schematic diagram of the hysteresis comparator type signal detection and shaping circuit.

图2简约型雷光触发电子定时器结构框图。Fig. 2 Structure block diagram of simplified lightning trigger electronic timer.

图3边沿-脉冲转换器的电路原理图。Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the edge-to-pulse converter circuit.

图4a输出电压固定型稳压电源。Figure 4a output voltage fixed type regulated power supply.

图4b输出电压可调型稳压电源。Figure 4b output voltage adjustable power supply.

图5计数型雷光触发电子定时器结构框图。Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of counting type lightning trigger electronic timer.

图6带点七段码LED数码管的外观与引脚图。Figure 6 The appearance and pin diagram of the dotted seven-segment LED digital tube.

图7周数显示器的电路原理图。Figure 7 Circuit schematic diagram of the week number display.

图8译码驱动器的电路原理图。Fig. 8 is the schematic circuit diagram of the decoding driver.

图9a同步计数器的电路原理图。Figure 9a is a schematic circuit diagram of a synchronous counter.

图9b异步计数器的电路原理图。Figure 9b is a schematic circuit diagram of an asynchronous counter.

图10智能型雷光触发电子定时器结构框图。Figure 10 is a structural block diagram of an intelligent lightning trigger electronic timer.

图11周数/时间显示器外观与引脚图。Figure 11 Week number/time display appearance and pin diagram.

图12微型键盘外观与布局。Figure 12 Miniature keyboard appearance and layout.

图13双直线型自动计时跑道的立体图。The perspective view of Fig. 13 double linear automatic timing runway.

图14双直线型自动计时跑道的截面图(单位:厘米)。The cross-sectional view (unit: centimeter) of Fig. 14 double linear automatic timing track.

图15双直线型自动计时跑道的俯视图(单位:厘米)。The top view (unit: centimeter) of Fig. 15 double linear automatic timing track.

图16a、16b X型与Y型光束指向调整方式示意图。Figures 16a and 16b are schematic diagrams of X-type and Y-type beam pointing adjustment methods.

图17a、17b直接固定型光束指向调整器立体示意图、侧向截面图。Fig. 17a, 17b are perspective schematic diagrams and side sectional views of directly fixed beam pointing adjusters.

图18a、18b角弯固定型光束指向调整器立体示意图、侧向截面图。Figures 18a and 18b are perspective schematic diagrams and side cross-sectional views of angle-bend fixed beam pointing adjusters.

图19双扁环型自动计时跑道的俯视图(单位:厘米)。The top view (unit: centimeter) of the double flat ring type automatic timing runway of Fig. 19.

图20双哑铃型自动计时跑道的俯视图(单位:厘米)。The top view (unit: centimeter) of Fig. 20 double dumbbell type automatic timing track.

图21a双扁环型自动计时跑道的截面图(单位:厘米)。The sectional view (unit: centimeter) of Fig. 21a double flat ring type automatic timing track.

图21b双哑铃型自动计时跑道的截面图(单位:厘米)。The sectional view (unit: centimeter) of double dumbbell-shaped automatic timing track of Fig. 21b.

图22信号检测整形电路的信号输入输出波形。Figure 22 Signal input and output waveforms of the signal detection shaping circuit.

图23边沿-脉冲转换器的输入输出信号波形。Figure 23 The input and output signal waveforms of the edge-to-pulse converter.

图24计数显示器的工作波形。Figure 24 counts the working waveform of the display.

图25智能型雷光定时器的工作波形。Figure 25 The working waveform of the intelligent thunder timer.

图26采用雷光触发自动计时装置的运动场跑道。Fig. 26 adopts the playground runway of automatic timing device triggered by lightning.

图中各数字代号表示如下:The codes of the numbers in the figure are as follows:

Z1、底板,Z2、侧板,Z3、基板,Z4、盖板,Z5、隔板;Z1, bottom plate, Z2, side plate, Z3, base plate, Z4, cover plate, Z5, partition plate;

X1、T型管,X2、调整镙钉,X3、固定镙钉,X4、圆管,X5、角弯;X1, T-shaped tube, X2, adjusting screw, X3, fixed screw, X4, round tube, X5, corner bend;

H1、底座,H2、内侧板,H3、外侧板,H4、扁环盖板,H5、中间盖板,H6、隔板;H1, base, H2, inner panel, H3, outer panel, H4, flat ring cover, H5, middle cover, H6, partition;

Y1、中央立柱,Y2、立柱,Y3、平面反光镜。Y1, central column, Y2, column, Y3, plane reflector.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本实用新型进行详细描述。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in detail.

实施例1Example 1

雷光触发自动计时跑道Thunder triggers automatic timing runway

雷光触发自动计时跑道由雷光定时器、光束指向调整器、跑道结构体组成。The Leiguang trigger automatic timing runway is composed of a Leiguang timer, a beam pointing adjuster, and a runway structure.

跑道结构体采用兼具直线跑道比赛功用的双扁环型结构,除可进行多圈比赛外在环形跑道的直道部分还可以进行直道单次比赛或接力比赛。The track structure adopts a double flat ring structure with the function of straight track races. In addition to multi-lap races, the straight part of the circular track can also be used for straight races or relay races.

雷光定时器采用兼具简约型雷光定时器功能的计数型雷光定时器或智能型雷光定时器。双通道的跑道需要使用两套计数型雷光定时器或使用一套智能型雷光定时器。The thunder timer adopts the counting thunder timer or the intelligent thunder timer with the function of the simple thunder timer. Two-channel runways require two sets of counting lightning timers or one set of intelligent lightning timers.

雷光定时器其信号检测整形电路的传声器采用驻极体传声器,激光器采用半导体激光器,感光器采用光敏二极管或光敏三极管,555定时电路采用ICM7555或ICM7556,边沿—脉冲转换器的四个整流二极管采用一个单相桥式整流器,译码驱动器的BCD至七段码译码驱动器采用CD4511或CD4543,脉冲计数器的可预置加减DEC计数器采用CD4029或CD4510,D型触发器采用CD4013,或门采用CD4071,或非门采用CD4001,计数显示器的反相缓冲器采用CD4009或CD4049,而智能型雷光定时器单片机系统的单片中央处理器采用8051系列单片机。The microphone of the Leiguang timer's signal detection and shaping circuit adopts an electret microphone, the laser adopts a semiconductor laser, the photoreceptor adopts a photosensitive diode or a photosensitive triode, the 555 timing circuit adopts ICM7555 or ICM7556, and the four rectifier diodes of the edge-to-pulse converter adopt a Single-phase bridge rectifier, the BCD to seven-segment code decoding driver of the decoding driver adopts CD4511 or CD4543, the pulse counter can be preset to add and subtract DEC counter adopts CD4029 or CD4510, the D-type flip-flop adopts CD4013, and the OR gate adopts CD4071, CD4001 is used for the NOR gate, CD4009 or CD4049 is used for the inverting buffer of the counting display, and 8051 series single-chip microcomputer is used for the single-chip central processing unit of the intelligent Leiguang timer single-chip microcomputer system.

跑道结构件采用塑料或木质材料,并采用自攻镙钉或再加胶水连接固定,结构件边缘用砂纸磨去棱角,木质材料外部涂以清漆。The structural parts of the runway are made of plastic or wooden materials, and are connected and fixed by self-tapping screws or glue. The edges of the structural parts are sanded off with sandpaper, and the exterior of the wooden materials is coated with varnish.

跑道结构件板材采用2厘米厚的细木工板或多层板,顶盖采用0.3~0.5厘米厚的三夹板或多层板。The structural parts of the runway are made of blockboard or multi-layer board with a thickness of 2 cm, and the top cover is made of plywood or multi-layer board with a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 cm.

双直线型跑道结构体的底板Z1:长240厘米、宽65厘米;侧板Z2:长240厘米、宽25厘米;基板Z3:长240厘米、宽15厘米;盖板Z4:长240厘米、宽19厘米;两根直线跑道:长240厘米、宽15厘米、深15厘米;激光器、感光器的中心位置距基板跑道面上方5厘米,起点线距跑道顶端30厘米,终点线距跑道另一个顶端10厘米。The bottom plate Z1 of the double linear runway structure: 240 cm long and 65 cm wide; the side plate Z2: 240 cm long and 25 cm wide; the base plate Z3: 240 cm long and 15 cm wide; the cover plate Z4: 240 cm long and wide 19 cm; two straight runways: 240 cm long, 15 cm wide, and 15 cm deep; the center of the laser and photoreceptor is 5 cm above the surface of the base board runway, the starting line is 30 cm away from the top of the runway, and the finish line is 30 cm away from the other top of the runway 10 cm.

双直线型跑道有效(计时)距离:200厘米。The effective (timing) distance of the double linear runway: 200 cm.

双扁环型跑道结构体的底板H1:长224厘米、宽218厘米;侧板H2和H3直道部分:长120厘米、宽15厘米;内侧板H2弯道部分:弯曲中心半径29厘米、高15厘米;外侧板H3弯道部分:弯曲中心半径46厘米、高15厘米;中间盖板H5:长120厘米、宽24厘米;扁环盖板H4:最长处180厘米、宽60厘米;两根环形跑道:宽15厘米、深15厘米;激光器、感光器的中心位置距底板跑道面上方5厘米,起点线、终点线距直道两个顶端各10厘米,即起点线、终点线之间距离100厘米。The bottom plate H1 of the double-flat circular runway structure: 224 cm long and 218 cm wide; the straight part of the side plates H2 and H3: 120 cm long and 15 cm wide; the curved part of the inner plate H2: the bending center radius is 29 cm and the height is 15 cm; outer panel H3 curve part: bending center radius 46 cm, height 15 cm; middle cover H5: length 120 cm, width 24 cm; flat ring cover H4: longest 180 cm, width 60 cm; two rings Runway: 15 cm wide and 15 cm deep; the center of the laser and photoreceptor is 5 cm above the runway surface of the floor, the start line and finish line are 10 cm from the two tops of the straight track, that is, the distance between the start line and the finish line is 100 cm .

双哑铃型跑道结构体的底板H1:长224厘米、宽218厘米;内侧板H2直道部分:长120厘米、宽15厘米;外侧板H3直道部分:长90厘米、宽15厘米;内侧板H2弯道部分:弯曲中心半径29厘米、高15厘米;外侧板H3弯道部分:弯曲中心半径48.5厘米、高15厘米;中间盖板H5:长120厘米、宽24厘米;扁环盖板H4:最长处180厘米、宽60厘米;两根环形跑道:直道宽15厘米、弯道宽17.5厘米、深15厘米;激光器、感光器的中心位置距底板跑道面上方5厘米,起点线、终点线之间距离80厘米在直道中对称布置。The bottom plate H1 of the double dumbbell-shaped track structure: 224 cm long and 218 cm wide; the straight part of the inner board H2: 120 cm long and 15 cm wide; the straight part of the outer board H3: 90 cm long and 15 cm wide; the inner board H2 is bent Road part: bending center radius 29 cm, height 15 cm; outer side panel H3 curve part: bending center radius 48.5 cm, height 15 cm; middle cover H5: length 120 cm, width 24 cm; flat ring cover H4: most The length is 180 cm, and the width is 60 cm; two circular runways: the straight road is 15 cm wide, the curve is 17.5 cm wide, and the depth is 15 cm; the center position of the laser and photoreceptor is 5 cm above the bottom runway surface, between the starting line and the finish line A distance of 80 cm is arranged symmetrically in the straight.

光束指向调整器的圆管或T型管、角弯与镙钉采用不锈钢、铜质、铝合金或镀锌铁质材料。The round tube or T-shaped tube, corner bend and screw of the beam pointing adjuster are made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy or galvanized iron.

光束指向调整器固定于跑道侧板上,圆柱形激光器一头固定在侧板的开孔中,另一头为光束指向调整器所固定,侧板的开孔略带圆弧形,以便于光束指向调整器调节激光器的光束方向。The beam pointing adjuster is fixed on the side plate of the runway. One end of the cylindrical laser is fixed in the opening of the side plate, and the other end is fixed by the beam pointing adjuster. The opening of the side plate is slightly arc-shaped to facilitate the adjustment of the beam pointing The device adjusts the beam direction of the laser.

雷光定时器采用电池或市电经降压整流滤波得到的±6V~±9V的初级直流电源作为电源输入,稳压电源输出雷光定时器其它各功能单元所需的±5V的直流电源。The Leiguang timer adopts the primary DC power supply of ±6V~±9V obtained by step-down rectification and filtering of the battery or mains as the power input, and the regulated power supply outputs the ±5V DC power required by other functional units of the Leiguang timer.

雷光定时器的电路板、传声器固定于设备通道内,LED指示灯、按键或键盘、周数/时间显示器或线控时钟固定于盖板上,便于操作和观察数据信息。The circuit board and microphone of the Leiguang timer are fixed in the equipment channel, and the LED indicator light, buttons or keyboard, week/time display or wire-controlled clock are fixed on the cover plate, which is convenient for operation and observation of data information.

雷光触发自动计时跑道用于赛车与机器人速跑等比赛项目,使用简单方便,计时精度高,是赛车与机器人速度比赛、计时比赛或接力比赛、耐力比赛的平台。实施例2The Leiguang trigger automatic timing track is used for races such as racing cars and robot speed races. It is easy to use and has high timing accuracy. Example 2

雷光触发自动计时装置及其运动场跑道Lightning triggers the automatic timing device and its playground track

采用雷光触发自动计时装置的运动场跑道如图26所示。The sports field track that adopts the automatic timing device triggered by lightning is as shown in Figure 26.

运动场跑道采用双扁环型塑胶跑道形式,雷光触发自动计时装置有五个立柱:一个中央立柱Y1位于双扁环型跑道的弯道开口处、四个跑道立柱Y2位于跑道旁接近直道两端的地方,两个扁环型塑胶跑道中间对准立柱的位置安置有平面反光镜Y3。The sports field runway is in the form of a double-flat ring-shaped plastic runway. The automatic timing device triggered by lightning has five columns: a central column Y1 is located at the opening of the double-flat-circle track, and four runway columns Y2 are located beside the runway near the two ends of the straight road. , a flat reflector Y3 is arranged at the position aligned with the column in the middle of the two flat ring-shaped plastic runways.

组成雷光触发自动计时装置的雷光定时器采用计数型雷光定时器或智能型雷光定时器,兼用于短距离直道速度比赛与长距离环道速度比赛的自动计时。The thunder timer that constitutes the thunder trigger automatic timing device adopts a counting thunder timer or an intelligent thunder timer, which is also used for automatic timing of short-distance straight track speed competitions and long-distance circuit speed competitions.

两个扁环型塑胶跑道采用两套计数型雷光定时器或一套智能型雷光定时器,雷光定时器的按键或键盘、线控时钟或周数/时间显示器置于中央立柱内,方便统一操作,光束指向调整器、传声器、激光器、感光器则置于跑道立柱内。The two flat ring-shaped plastic runways adopt two sets of counting thunder timers or a set of intelligent thunder timers. The buttons or keyboards of the thunder timers, the wire-controlled clock or the week number/time display are placed in the central column for convenient unified operation , the beam pointing adjuster, microphone, laser and photoreceptor are placed in the runway column.

雷光触发自动计时装置同一个通道的激光器与感光器处于跑道的同一侧,电缆连接较为简单方便。The laser and the photoreceptor in the same channel of the Leiguang trigger automatic timing device are on the same side of the runway, and the cable connection is relatively simple and convenient.

雷光触发自动计时装置的激光器发出的光束经中间平面反光镜Y3反射到同侧感光器,检测起点光变信号与终点光变信号,与传声器及信号变换处理电路一起组成计时系统,实现运动场跑道比赛的自动计数、计时。The light beam emitted by the laser of the Leiguang trigger automatic timing device is reflected by the middle plane reflector Y3 to the photoreceptor on the same side, and detects the light-changing signal of the starting point and the ending point. Automatic counting and timing.

Claims (10)

1、一种信号检测整形电路,根据电路接法的不同有R-S触发器型与滞环比较器型二种结构形式,其特征在于:信号检测整形电路由传声器MIC、激光器LS11与LS12、感光器D11与D12、定时电路555、开关S10、电阻R10~R13、二极管D10、LED发光管D13组成;R-S触发器型信号检测整形电路:电阻R10与传声器MIC串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端通过二极管D10与开关S10的串联电路接定时电路555的Tri脚,激光器LS11与LS12串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接地,感光器D11与电阻R11串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接定时电路555的Tri脚,电阻R12与感光器D12串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接定时电路555的Thr脚;滞环比较器型信号检测整形电路:电阻R10与传声器MIC串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端通过二极管D10与开关S10的串联电路接定时电路555的Tri脚和Thr脚,激光器LS11与LS12串联后跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接地,感光器D11和D12分别与电阻R11和R12并联后再串联并路跨接在正负电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接定时电路555的Tri脚和Thr脚;信号检测整形电路的定时电路555的VDD脚与GND脚分别接正负电源+Vp与-Vp,定时电路555的Dis脚经电阻R13与发光管D13的串联电路接电源+Vp,定时电路555的OUT脚接为脉冲输出端XP,激光器LS11与LS12发出的光线分别对准感光器D11与D12。1. A signal detection and shaping circuit, which has two structural forms of R-S flip-flop type and hysteresis comparator type according to the different circuit connections. It is characterized in that: the signal detection and shaping circuit is composed of a microphone MIC, lasers LS11 and LS12, and a photoreceptor D11 and D12, timing circuit 555, switch S10, resistors R10~R13, diode D10, LED light-emitting tube D13; R-S trigger type signal detection and shaping circuit: resistor R10 is connected in series with the microphone MIC across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and Between -Vp, its common end is connected to the Tri pin of the timing circuit 555 through the series circuit of diode D10 and switch S10, and the lasers LS11 and LS12 are connected in series between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and their common end is grounded. The photoreceptor D11 is connected in series with the resistor R11 across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, its common terminal is connected to the Tri pin of the timing circuit 555, and the resistor R12 is connected in series with the photoreceptor D12 across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and Between -Vp, its common terminal is connected to the Thr pin of the timing circuit 555; hysteresis comparator type signal detection and shaping circuit: resistor R10 is connected in series with the microphone MIC, and then connected across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal Connect the Tri pin and Thr pin of the timing circuit 555 through the series circuit of the diode D10 and the switch S10, the lasers LS11 and LS12 are connected in series between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and the common terminal is grounded, and the photoreceptors D11 and D12 Respectively connected in parallel with resistors R11 and R12 and then connected in series and parallel between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, the common terminal is connected to the Tri pin and Thr pin of the timing circuit 555; the VDD of the timing circuit 555 of the signal detection shaping circuit pin and GND pin are respectively connected to positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, the Dis pin of the timing circuit 555 is connected to the power supply +Vp through the series circuit of the resistor R13 and the light-emitting tube D13, and the OUT pin of the timing circuit 555 is connected to the pulse output terminal XP, the laser The light emitted by LS11 and LS12 are aimed at photoreceptors D11 and D12 respectively. 2、一种采用权利要求1所述信号检测整形电路的简约型雷光触发电子定时器,简称:简约型雷光定时器,采用双电源供电;简约型雷光定时器有一个接地端GND、二个电源端即负电源端-Pv和正电源端+Pv,接收起跑发令枪声信号或起点撞线光变信号、终点撞线光变信号,并具有LED状态指示、LED时间显示与计时清零功能;其特征在于:简约型雷光定时器由稳压电源、信号检测整形电路、边沿-脉冲转换器、线控时钟组成,稳压电源接外部输入电源+Pv和-Pv、输出电压稳定的电源+Vp和-Vp连接至信号检测整形电路和边沿-脉冲转换器及线控时钟,信号检测整形电路输入起跑发令枪声信号或起点撞线光变信号与终点撞线光变信号、输出区段单脉冲信号,边沿-脉冲转换器的输入端SP与信号检测整形电路的输出端XP相连、输入区段单脉冲信号,边沿-脉冲转换器输出对应输入单脉冲信号前后沿的双脉冲信号即:前沿脉冲信号与后沿脉冲信号,线控时钟的输入端YP与边沿-脉冲转换器的输出端DP相连,线控时钟在前沿脉冲信号开始时刻启动计时、在后沿脉冲信号开始时刻停止计时,同时计时时间在线控时钟的LED时间显示窗中显示,需重新计时时通过清零按钮将时间显示窗显示的时间清零复位。2. A simple lightning trigger electronic timer adopting the signal detection and shaping circuit described in claim 1, referred to as: simple lightning timer, which adopts dual power supply; simple lightning timer has a ground terminal GND and two power supplies The terminals are the negative power supply terminal -Pv and the positive power supply terminal +Pv, which receive the starting gunshot signal or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line and the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line, and have LED status indication, LED time display and timing reset functions; its characteristics It is: the simple Leiguang timer is composed of a regulated power supply, a signal detection and shaping circuit, an edge-to-pulse converter, and a wire-controlled clock. The regulated power supply is connected to an external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and a power supply with stable output voltage +Vp and - Vp is connected to the signal detection and shaping circuit, the edge-pulse converter and the wire-controlled clock. The signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line and the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line, and outputs the single pulse signal of the section, and the edge -The input terminal SP of the pulse converter is connected to the output terminal XP of the signal detection and shaping circuit, and the single pulse signal of the input section is input. For the edge pulse signal, the input terminal YP of the wire-controlled clock is connected to the output terminal DP of the edge-pulse converter. The wire-controlled clock starts timing at the beginning of the leading edge pulse signal and stops timing at the beginning of the trailing edge pulse signal. It is displayed in the LED time display window of the clock, and the time displayed in the time display window is cleared and reset by the reset button when the timing needs to be re-timed. 3、按权利要求2所述的简约型雷光定时器,其特征在于:所述的边沿-脉冲转换器由电容C30、电阻R30~R32、二极管D31~D34、电压比较器B3组成,四个二极管D31~D34组成单相整流桥,整流桥有二个交流输入端、正负二个直流输出端,其中一个交流输入端通过电容C30与电阻R30的串联电路接转换器的输入端SP、另一个交流输入端接为转换器的接地端GND,整流桥的直流负输出端与正输出端分别通过电阻R31与R32接转换器的正电源端+Vp与负电源端-Vp,比较器B3的正负输入端分别接整流桥的直流正负输出端,比较器B3的正负电源端分别接为转换器的正负电源端+Vp与-Vp,比较器B3的输出端接为转换器的脉冲输出端DP。3. The simple lightning timer according to claim 2, characterized in that: said edge-to-pulse converter is composed of capacitor C30, resistors R30~R32, diodes D31~D34, voltage comparator B3, four diodes D31~D34 form a single-phase rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge has two AC input terminals and two positive and negative DC output terminals. One of the AC input terminals is connected to the input terminal SP of the converter through the series circuit of the capacitor C30 and the resistor R30, and the other The AC input terminal is connected to the ground terminal GND of the converter, the DC negative output terminal and the positive output terminal of the rectifier bridge are respectively connected to the positive power supply terminal +Vp and negative power supply terminal -Vp of the converter through resistors R31 and R32, and the positive power supply terminal of the comparator B3 The negative input terminals are respectively connected to the DC positive and negative output terminals of the rectifier bridge, the positive and negative power supply terminals of the comparator B3 are respectively connected to the positive and negative power supply terminals +Vp and -Vp of the converter, and the output terminal of the comparator B3 is connected to the pulse of the converter Output DP. 4、按权利要求2所述的简约型雷光定时器,其特征在于:所述的稳压电源根据结构的不同有输出电压固定型与输出电压可调型二种形式,稳压电源有一个接地端GND、二个电源输入端即:正电源端+Pv与负电源端-Pv、二个电源输出端即:正电源端+Vp与负电源端-Vp;输出电压固定型稳压电源:由正三端稳压电路、负三端稳压电路、电容C01~C04、二极管D01与D02组成,正三端稳压电路与负三端稳压电路的接地端GND接为稳压电源的接地端GND,正三端稳压电路与负三端稳压电路的输入Vi和输出Vo接为稳压电源的输入±Pv和输出±Vp;输出电压可调型稳压电源:由正三端可调稳压电路、负三端可调稳压电路、电阻R01~R04、电容C01~C04、二极管D01与D02组成,电阻R01与R03串联后跨接在接地端GND与电源输出端+Vp之间、其公共端接正三端可调稳压电路调节端ADJ,电阻R02与R04串联后跨接在接地端GND与电源输出端-Vp之间、其公共端接负三端可调稳压电路调节端ADJ,正三端可调稳压电路与负三端可调稳压电路的输入Vi和输出Vo接为稳压电源的输入±Pv和输出±Vp;稳压电源的电容C01与C02置于电源输入端作为输入滤波电容,电容C03与C04置于电源输出端作为输出滤波电容,二极管D01与D02分别反向接在稳压电源的输入端与输出端之间;所述的线控时钟为具有按键清零功能、并可进行线控的电子秒表,时间显示分辨率为10mS,六位LED七段码显示,最大计时与显示时间为99分59.99秒。4. The simple thunderbolt timer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the regulated power supply has two types of output voltage fixed type and output voltage adjustable type according to different structures, and the regulated power supply has a grounding Terminal GND, two power supply input terminals: positive power supply terminal +Pv and negative power supply terminal -Pv, two power supply output terminals namely: positive power supply terminal +Vp and negative power supply terminal -Vp; fixed output voltage regulated power supply: by Positive three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit, negative three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit, capacitors C01~C04, diodes D01 and D02 are composed, the grounding terminal GND of the positive three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit and the negative three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit is connected as the grounding terminal GND of the voltage stabilizing power supply, The input Vi and output Vo of the positive three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit and the negative three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit are connected as the input ±Pv and output ±Vp of the voltage stabilizing power supply; the output voltage adjustable voltage stabilizing power supply: the positive three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit, Negative three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit, resistors R01~R04, capacitors C01~C04, diodes D01 and D02 are composed, resistors R01 and R03 are connected in series between the ground terminal GND and the power supply output terminal +Vp, and its common terminal is connected The positive three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit ADJ, resistors R02 and R04 are connected in series between the ground terminal GND and the power supply output terminal -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the negative three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit ADJ, the positive three-terminal The input Vi and output Vo of the adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit and the negative three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit are connected as the input ±Pv and output ±Vp of the voltage stabilizing power supply; the capacitors C01 and C02 of the voltage stabilizing power supply are placed at the input end of the power supply as input filtering Capacitors, capacitors C03 and C04 are placed at the output of the power supply as output filter capacitors, and diodes D01 and D02 are reversely connected between the input and output of the regulated power supply respectively; the wire-controlled clock has a button reset function, It is also an electronic stopwatch that can be controlled by wire, with a time display resolution of 10mS, a six-digit LED seven-segment code display, and a maximum timing and display time of 99 minutes and 59.99 seconds. 5、一种采用权利要求1所述信号检测整形电路的计数型雷光触发电子定时器,简称:计数型雷光定时器,采用双电源供电;计数型雷光定时器有一个接地端GND、二个电源端即负电源端-Pv和正电源端+Pv,接收起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号、区段终点光变信号,具有计数方向控制功能、计数器复位功能、计数器置数功能、计数初值设定功能,并具有LED状态指示、LED时间显示与计时清零功能、直道模式与环道模式选择功能;其特征在于:计数型雷光定时器由稳压电源、信号检测整形电路、计数显示器、边沿-脉冲转换器、线控时钟、计数初值设定拨码开关、开关S0~S3及电阻R1与R2组成,稳压电源接外部输入电源+Pv和-Pv、输出电压稳定的电源+Vp和-Vp连接至信号检测整形电路与计数显示器及边沿-脉冲转换器与线控时钟,信号检测整形电路输入起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号与区段终点光变信号、输出区段脉冲信号,计数显示器输入端CK接信号检测整形电路的输出端XP、输入区段脉冲信号;单刀双掷开关S3的常开与常闭端分别接电源+Vp与-Vp、公共端接计数显示器的计数方向控制端U/D,开关S1与电阻R1串连后跨接在电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接计数显示器的复位端RST,开关S2与电阻R2串连后跨接在电源+Vp与-Vp之间、其公共端接计数显示器的置数端PE,含有上拉排阻的12位计数初值设定拨码开关其上拉排阻公共端接电源+Vp、其拨码开关公共端接电源-Vp、12位排阻与拨码开关的公共端与计数显示器的计数初值设定输入口PXYZ相连接,计数显示器自初值开始对输入脉冲进行计数并显示计数值,倒计数时计数显示器输出自初值N开始至计数到0的区间单脉冲信号,顺计数时计数显示器输出自初值N开始至计数到999的区间单脉冲信号;单刀双掷开关S0的常开端接信号检测整形电路的输出端XP、常闭端接计数显示器的输出端PK、公共端接边沿-脉冲转换器的输入端SP,开关S0常开端接通时雷光定时器为直道模式、开关S0常闭端接通时雷光定时器为环道模式,边沿-脉冲转换器输出对应输入单脉冲信号前后沿的双脉冲信号,线控时钟的输入端YP与边沿-脉冲转换器的输出端DP相连,线控时钟在前沿脉冲信号开始时刻启动计时、在后沿脉冲信号开始时刻停止计时,同时计时时间在线控时钟的LED时间显示窗中显示,需重新测量时复位或置数计数器、而计时器则通过清零按钮复位归零;所述的计数型雷光定时器的边沿-脉冲转换器、稳压电源、线控时钟与权利要求2所述简约型雷光触发电子定时器的对应单元相同。5. A counting type lightning trigger electronic timer adopting the signal detection and shaping circuit of claim 1, referred to as: counting type lightning timer, which adopts dual power supply; counting type lightning timer has a ground terminal GND, two power supplies The terminals are the negative power supply terminal -Pv and the positive power supply terminal +Pv, which receive the starting gunshot signal or the light-changing signal at the beginning of the section and the optical-changing signal at the end of the section. Value setting function, and has LED status indication, LED time display and timing clearing function, straight mode and loop mode selection function; it is characterized in that: the counting thunder light timer is composed of a regulated power supply, a signal detection and shaping circuit, a counting display , edge-pulse converter, wire-controlled clock, counting initial value setting dial switch, switches S0~S3 and resistors R1 and R2, the regulated power supply is connected to the external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and the power supply with stable output voltage+ Vp and -Vp are connected to the signal detection and shaping circuit, the counting display, the edge-pulse converter and the wire-controlled clock, the signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the beginning of the section and the light-changing signal of the end of the section, and the output area Segment pulse signal, the input terminal CK of the counting display is connected to the output terminal XP of the signal detection shaping circuit, and the input segment pulse signal; the normally open and normally closed terminals of the single-pole double-throw switch S3 are respectively connected to the power supply +Vp and -Vp, and the common terminal is connected to the counting The counting direction control terminal U/D of the display, the switch S1 and the resistor R1 are connected in series and then connected across the power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the reset terminal RST of the counting display, and the switch S2 and the resistor R2 are connected in series and then crossed It is connected between the power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the counting terminal PE of the counting display, and the 12-digit counting initial value setting dial switch with pull-up resistance is included, and the common terminal of the pull-up resistance is connected to the power supply +Vp , The common end of the dial switch is connected to the power supply -Vp, 12-bit exclusion and the common end of the dial switch is connected to the counting initial value setting input port PXYZ of the counting display, and the counting display counts the input pulses from the initial value and Display the counting value. When counting down, the counting display outputs a single pulse signal in the interval from the initial value N to counting to 0. When counting up, the counting display outputs a single pulse signal in the interval starting from the initial value N to counting to 999; single pole double throw switch The normally open terminal of S0 is connected to the output terminal XP of the signal detection and shaping circuit, the normally closed terminal is connected to the output terminal PK of the counting display, and the common terminal is connected to the input terminal SP of the edge-to-pulse converter. Mode, when the normally closed end of the switch S0 is turned on, the Leiguang timer is in the loop mode, the edge-pulse converter outputs a double pulse signal corresponding to the front and rear edges of the input single pulse signal, and the input terminal YP of the wire-controlled clock is connected to the edge-pulse converter The output terminal DP is connected, the wire-controlled clock starts timing at the beginning of the leading edge pulse signal, and stops timing at the beginning of the trailing edge pulse signal. At the same time, the timing time is displayed in the LED time display window of the wire-controlled clock. When re-measurement is required, reset or set the counter , and the timer is reset to zero through the reset button; the count The edge-to-pulse converter, regulated power supply, and wire-controlled clock of the type lightning timer are the same as the corresponding units of the simple type lightning trigger electronic timer described in claim 2. 6、按权利要求5所述的计数型雷光定时器,其特征在于:所述的计数显示器由脉冲计数器、译码驱动器、脉冲周数显示器、反向缓冲器U21与U22组成,脉冲计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK、计数脉冲输出端PK、计数方向控制端U/D、复位端RST、置数端PE、计数初值设定输入口PXYZ即为计数显示器的相应端口,脉冲计数器的计数数值输出口QXYZ接译码驱动器的BCD码输入口SXYZ,译码驱动器的七段码输出口TXYZ接周数显示器的七段码输入口RXYZ,周数显示器的公共端COM接正电源+Vp,计数方向控制端U/D接周数显示器的输入端P1、同时经反向缓冲器U21接周数显示器的输入端P3,计数脉冲输出端PK经反向缓冲器U22接周数显示器的输入端P2,脉冲计数器与译码驱动器及反向缓冲器的正负电源端分别接计数显示器的正负电源+Vp与-Vp;所述的周数显示器由三位带点七段码LED数码管与24个限流电阻组成,LED数码管采用共阳形式,三位数码管的公共端连接在一起作为周数显示器的公共端COM,组成数码管的每个发光二极管引出脚串接一个限流电阻,限流电阻对应七段码引脚部分:a1~g1、a2~g2、a3~g3组成周数显示器的七段码输入口RXYZ,而小数点对应的引脚:p1、p2、p3另外引出备用;所述的译码驱动器由三个BCD至七段码译码驱动器组成,BCD码输入引脚部分:A1~D1、A2~D2、A3~D3组成译码驱动器的BCD码输入口SXYZ,七段码输出引脚部分:a1~g1、a2~g2、a3~g3组成译码驱动器的七段码输出口TXYZ,三个BCD至七段码译码驱动器的电源接译码驱动器的电源端+Vp和-Vp;所述的脉冲计数器有同步计数器与异步计数器二种形式;同步计数器由三个可预置加减DEC计数器、一个或门、二个D型触发器、一个或非门组成,三个DEC计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK、计数方向控制端U/D、复位端RST、置数端PE的同名端连接在一起作为脉冲计数器对应功能控制端,最低位DEC计数器X的进/借位输入端CI接电源-Vp,而其进/借位输出端CO接高一位DEC计数器Y的进/借位输入端CI,此高一位DEC计数器Y的进/借位输出端CO接更高一位DEC计数器Z的进/借位输入端CI,如此DEC计数器的进/借位输入输出端CI与CO接成链式结构,三个DEC计数器的预置数据输入口PX1~PX4、PY1~PY4、PZ1~PZ4组成脉冲计数器的计数初值设定输入口PXYZ,三个DEC计数器的计数数值输出口QX1~QX4、QY1~QY4、QZ1~QZ4组成脉冲计数器的计数数值输出口QXYZ,触发器B的时钟输入端CK接高位DEC计数器Z的进/借位输出端CO,触发器B的数据输入端D接电源+Vp,触发器B的置位端SET接电源-Vp,脉冲计数器的复位端RST与置数端PE二个信号经或门运算输出同时接触发器B的复位端RST和触发器A的置位端SET,触发器A的时钟输入端CK接脉冲计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK,触发器A的数据输入端D接电源-Vp,触发器A的复位端RST接电源-Vp,或非门的二个输入端分别接触发器B的输出端Q与触发器A的输出端Q,或非门的输出端接为脉冲计数器的脉冲输出端PK,可预置加减DEC计数器、或门、D型触发器、或非门的电源接脉冲计数器的电源端+Vp和-Vp;异步计数器由三个可预置加减DEC计数器、一个或门、二个D型触发器、一个或非门组成,连接方式与同步计数器基本相同,所不同的是DEC计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK与进/借位输入输出端CI和CO的接法,三个DEC计数器的进/借位输入端CI均接电源-Vp,最低位DEC计数器X的计数脉冲输入端CK接为脉冲计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK,而其进/借位输出端CO接高一位DEC计数器Y的计数脉冲输入端CK,此高一位DEC计数器Y的进/借位输出端CO接更高一位DEC计数器Z的计数脉冲输入端CK,如此可预置加减DEC计数器的计数脉冲输入端CK与进/借位输出端CO接成链式结构。6. The counting type thunder timer according to claim 5, characterized in that: the counting display is composed of a pulse counter, a decoding driver, a pulse cycle display, a reverse buffer U21 and U22, and the counting of the pulse counter The pulse input terminal CK, the counting pulse output terminal PK, the counting direction control terminal U/D, the reset terminal RST, the number setting terminal PE, and the counting initial value setting input port PXYZ are the corresponding ports of the counting display, and the counting value output of the pulse counter Port QXYZ is connected to the BCD code input port SXYZ of the decoding driver, the seven-segment code output port TXYZ of the decoding driver is connected to the seven-segment code input port RXYZ of the week number display, the common port COM of the week number display is connected to the positive power supply +Vp, and the counting direction The control terminal U/D is connected to the input terminal P1 of the cycle number display, and at the same time connected to the input terminal P3 of the cycle number display through the reverse buffer U21, and the count pulse output terminal PK is connected to the input terminal P2 of the cycle number display through the reverse buffer U22, The positive and negative power supply terminals of the pulse counter, the decoding driver and the reverse buffer are respectively connected to the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp of the counting display; Composed of current-limiting resistors, the LED digital tube adopts a common anode form, and the common terminals of the three digital tubes are connected together as the common terminal COM of the cycle number display. The current resistance corresponds to the seven-segment code pin part: a1~g1, a2~g2, a3~g3 form the seven-segment code input port RXYZ of the week number display, and the pins corresponding to the decimal point: p1, p2, p3 are also drawn out for use; The above-mentioned decoding driver is composed of three BCD to seven-segment code decoding drivers. Output pin part: a1~g1, a2~g2, a3~g3 constitute the seven-segment code output port TXYZ of the decoding driver, and the power supplies of the three BCD to seven-segment code decoding drivers are connected to the power supply terminals +Vp and -Vp; the pulse counter has two forms of synchronous counter and asynchronous counter; the synchronous counter is composed of three preset add-subtraction DEC counters, one OR gate, two D-type flip-flops, one NOR gate, three The counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter, the counting direction control terminal U/D, the reset terminal RST, and the terminal with the same name as the set terminal PE are connected together as the corresponding function control terminal of the pulse counter, and the lowest bit is the carry/borrow input of the DEC counter X. The terminal CI is connected to the power supply -Vp, and its carry/borrow output terminal CO is connected to the carry/borrow input terminal CI of the high-level DEC counter Y, and the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the high-level DEC counter Y is connected to a higher The carry/borrow input port CI of a DEC counter Z, the carry/borrow input port CI of the DEC counter is connected to CO to form a chain structure, and the preset data input ports PX1~PX4, PY1~ of the three DEC counters PY4, PZ1~PZ4 form a pulse counter The counting initial value setting input port PXYZ of the pulse counter, the counting value output port QX1~QX4, QY1~QY4, QZ1~QZ4 of the three DEC counters form the counting value output port QXYZ of the pulse counter, and the clock input port CK of the flip-flop B is connected to the high bit The carry/borrow output terminal CO of the DEC counter Z, the data input terminal D of the flip-flop B is connected to the power supply +Vp, the set terminal SET of the flip-flop B is connected to the power supply -Vp, the reset terminal RST of the pulse counter and the set terminal PE are two A signal is output through the OR gate operation and simultaneously contacts the reset terminal RST of flip-flop B and the set terminal SET of flip-flop A, the clock input terminal CK of flip-flop A is connected to the counting pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter, and the data input of flip-flop A The terminal D is connected to the power supply -Vp, the reset terminal RST of the trigger A is connected to the power supply -Vp, and the two input terminals of the NOR gate are respectively connected to the output terminal Q of the trigger B and the output terminal Q of the trigger A, or the output of the NOR gate The terminal is connected to the pulse output terminal PK of the pulse counter, and the power supply of the DEC counter, OR gate, D-type flip-flop, or NOT gate can be preset to the power supply terminal +Vp and -Vp of the pulse counter; the asynchronous counter consists of three It is composed of preset addition and subtraction DEC counter, one OR gate, two D-type flip-flops, and one NOR gate. The connection method is basically the same as that of the synchronous counter. The difference is that the counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter and the carry/borrow input The connection method of the output terminal CI and CO, the carry/borrow input terminal CI of the three DEC counters are all connected to the power supply -Vp, the count pulse input terminal CK of the lowest DEC counter X is connected to the count pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter, and Its carry/borrow output terminal CO is connected to the counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter Y of the higher one, and the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the DEC counter Y of the higher one is connected to the counting pulse input terminal of the DEC counter Z of the higher one CK, so that the counting pulse input terminal CK and the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the DEC counter can be preset to form a chain structure. 7、一种采用权利要求1所述信号检测整形电路的智能型雷光触发电子定时器,简称:智能型雷光定时器,采用双电源供电;智能型雷光定时器为双通道结构,有一个接地端GND、二个电源端即负电源端-Pv和正电源端+Pv,接收起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号、区段终点光变信号,并用微型键盘进行设置或输入数据,并具有LED状态指示、LED周数/时间显示器输出数据信息;其特征在于:智能型雷光定时器由稳压电源、二套信号检测整形电路、单片机系统、微型键盘、二个周数/时间显示器、电阻R1和R2、二极管D1~D4组成,稳压电源接外部输入电源+Pv和-Pv、输出电压稳定的电源+5V和-5V连接至信号检测整形电路、同时+5V电源连接至单片机系统,信号检测整形电路输入起跑发令枪声信号或区段起点光变信号与区段终点光变信号、输出区段脉冲信号,电阻R1、R2分别跨接在信号检测整形电路的输出端XP1、XP2与单片机系统的输入端ZP1、ZP2之间,二极管D3与D1、D4与D2串联后跨接在电源+5V与接地GND之间、其公共端分别接单片机系统的输入端ZP1、ZP2,电阻R1与R2及二极管D1~D4完成信号传送与电平变换功能,单片机系统的键盘接口与微型键盘连接,单片机系统的二个显示接口分别与二个周数/时间显示器相连接,单片机系统通过微型键盘设置工作模式或变更工作参数,单片机系统驱动周数/时间显示器显示脉冲计数值、时间量及相关工作状态;所述的周数/时间显示器采用扫描形式的带双点分隔符的四位八段LED数码管显示器,所述的微型键盘采用3×3的扫描形式键盘,键盘9个键为:←、→、↑、↓、确认、模式、置数、复位清零、置位满程,扫描形式的显示器与扫描形式的键盘有助于减少连接接口的连线数量。7. An intelligent lightning-triggered electronic timer adopting the signal detection and shaping circuit of claim 1, referred to as: intelligent lightning timer, which adopts dual power supply; intelligent lightning timer has a dual-channel structure and has a grounding terminal GND, two power supply terminals, negative power supply terminal -Pv and positive power supply terminal +Pv, receive the starting gun sound signal or the light change signal of the start point of the section, the light change signal of the end point of the section, and use the miniature keyboard to set or input data, and has LED Status indication, LED week number/time display output data information; it is characterized in that: the intelligent Leiguang timer is composed of a regulated power supply, two sets of signal detection and shaping circuits, a single-chip microcomputer system, a miniature keyboard, two week number/time displays, and a resistor R1 Composed of R2 and diodes D1~D4, the regulated power supply is connected to the external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and the power supply with stable output voltage +5V and -5V is connected to the signal detection and shaping circuit, while the +5V power supply is connected to the single-chip computer system for signal detection The shaping circuit inputs the starting gunshot signal or the optically variable signal at the beginning of the section and the optically variable signal at the end of the section, and outputs the pulse signal of the section. Between the input terminals ZP1 and ZP2, diodes D3 and D1, D4 and D2 are connected in series and connected between the power supply +5V and ground GND, and their common terminals are respectively connected to the input terminals ZP1 and ZP2 of the microcontroller system, resistors R1 and R2 and diodes D1~D4 complete the signal transmission and level conversion functions, the keyboard interface of the single-chip microcomputer system is connected with the miniature keyboard, the two display interfaces of the single-chip microcomputer system are respectively connected with two cycle number/time displays, and the single-chip microcomputer system sets the working mode or Change the working parameters, the single-chip system drives the number of weeks/time display to display the pulse count value, time amount and related working status; the number of weeks/time display adopts a four-digit eight-segment LED digital tube display with a double-dot separator in a scanning form , the miniature keyboard adopts a 3×3 scanning form keyboard, and the 9 keys of the keyboard are: ←, →, ↑, ↓, confirmation, mode, number setting, reset clearing, setting full range, and the display in the scanning form and Scanning keyboards help reduce the number of wires connected to the interface. 8、一种采用权利要求2所述简约型雷光触发电子定时器或采用权利要求7所述智能型雷光触发电子定时器的双直线型自动计时跑道,采用多通道结构,具有二条比赛通道、一条设备通道与二条走线通道,其特征在于:双直线型自动计时跑道由简约型或智能型雷光定时器、光束指向调整器与双直线型跑道结构体组成,跑道结构体由底板Z1、侧板Z2、基板Z3、盖板Z4及隔板Z5组成,二块侧板与一块基板组成H形结构,其上部空间为比赛通道、下部空间为走线通道,二个H形结构固定在底板上,二个H形结构间留出一定空间作为设备通道,走线通道与设备通道用隔板封闭或隔开,隔板开有过线孔,设备通道上部由盖板封口;光束指向调整器安装于侧板上靠近设备通道两端的位置,雷光定时器安置在设备通道中,其清零按钮、LED指示灯与时间显示窗或线控时钟部分安装于盖板上,以利于观察与操作,激光器一头固定于侧板开孔中、另一头置于光束指向调整器中,感光器安放于激光束照射到的对面侧板的开孔中,感光器、激光器与雷光定时器通过走线通道与设备通道行线连接;所述的光束指向调整器有角弯固定型与直接固定型二种形式,其光束指向调整的方式又分为X型与Y型二种,角弯固定型光束指向调整器由圆管X4、调整镙钉X2、角弯X5、固定镙钉X3组成,圆管径向开有二排周向均匀分布的螺孔,一排螺孔用于固定角弯以将整个光束指向调整器牢靠地固定在跑道的侧板上,另一排螺孔用于配合调整镙钉调节激光光束的方向;直接固定型光束指向调整器由T型管X1、调整镙钉X2、固定镙钉X3组成,T型管的端面与圆柱面各开有周向均匀分布的螺孔,端面螺孔用于将光束指向调整器牢靠地固定在跑道的侧板上,圆柱面螺孔用于配合调整镙钉调节激光光束的方向。8. A double-linear automatic timing track adopting the simple lightning trigger electronic timer as claimed in claim 2 or the intelligent lightning trigger electronic timer as claimed in claim 7. It adopts a multi-channel structure and has two competition channels, one The equipment channel and two routing channels are characterized in that: the double linear automatic timing runway is composed of a simple or intelligent thunder timer, a beam pointing adjuster and a double linear runway structure. The runway structure consists of a bottom plate Z1 and a side plate Composed of Z2, base plate Z3, cover plate Z4 and partition Z5, two side plates and one base plate form an H-shaped structure, the upper space is the competition channel, and the lower space is the wiring channel, and the two H-shaped structures are fixed on the bottom plate. A certain space is reserved between the two H-shaped structures as the equipment channel. The wiring channel and the equipment channel are closed or separated by a partition. On the side panel near the two ends of the equipment channel, the Leiguang timer is placed in the equipment channel, and its reset button, LED indicator light and time display window or wire-controlled clock are partly installed on the cover plate to facilitate observation and operation. The laser is at one end It is fixed in the opening of the side plate, and the other end is placed in the beam pointing adjuster. The photoreceptor is placed in the opening of the opposite side plate where the laser beam irradiates. The photoreceptor, laser and thunder timer pass through the wiring channel and equipment channel line connection; the beam pointing adjuster has two forms: angle-bend fixed type and direct-fixed type, and its beam pointing adjustment method is divided into X type and Y type. The angle-bend fixed type beam pointing adjuster consists of Round tube X4, adjusting screw X2, corner bend X5, fixed screw X3, the round tube is radially opened with two rows of screw holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, one row of screw holes is used to fix the corner bend to adjust the entire beam pointing The device is firmly fixed on the side plate of the runway, and the other row of screw holes is used to adjust the direction of the laser beam with the adjustment screw; the directly fixed beam pointing adjuster consists of a T-shaped tube X1, an adjustment screw X2, and a fixed screw X3 Composition, the end surface of the T-shaped tube and the cylindrical surface are provided with screw holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The screw holes on the end surface are used to firmly fix the beam pointing adjuster on the side plate of the runway, and the screw holes on the cylindrical surface are used to cooperate with the adjustment screw. Nails adjust the direction of the laser beam. 9、一种采用权利要求5所述计数型雷光触发电子定时器或采用权利要求7所述智能型雷光触发电子定时器的双扁环型自动计时跑道,采用三通道结构形式,具有二条比赛通道和一条设备通道,其特征在于:双扁环型自动计时跑道由计数型雷光定时器或智能型雷光定时器、光束指向调整器与双扁环型跑道结构体组成,跑道结构体由底座H1、外侧板H3、内侧板H2、盖板H4与H5及隔板H6组成,外侧板与内侧板构成相对距离固定的扁环形结构,即:弯道与直道的板间距相同,二个扁环形结构固定在底板上,二个扁环形结构间留出一定空间作为设备通道,设备通道上部由盖板封口、前后由隔板封口,由内侧板围成扁圆柱的上部开口也由盖板封口;光束指向调整器安装于内侧板上靠近直道两端的位置,雷光定时器安置在设备通道中,其清零按钮、LED指示灯、周数显示器与时间显示器或线控时钟部分安装于盖板上,以利于观察与操作,激光器一头固定于侧板开孔中、另一头置于光束指向调整器中,感光器安放于激光束照射到的对面侧板的开孔中;所述的光束指向调整器与权利要求8所述双直线型自动计时跑道的光束指向调整器相同。9. A double flat ring type automatic timing track adopting the counting type lightning-triggered electronic timer as claimed in claim 5 or the intelligent lightning-triggered electronic timer as claimed in claim 7, which adopts a three-channel structure and has two competition channels And an equipment channel, characterized in that: the double-flat ring automatic timing runway is composed of a counting type thunder timer or an intelligent thunder timer, a beam pointing adjuster and a double flat ring runway structure, and the runway structure is composed of a base H1, The outer plate H3, the inner plate H2, the cover plates H4 and H5, and the partition H6 are composed. The outer plate and the inner plate form a flat ring structure with a fixed relative distance, that is, the distance between the curve and the straight track is the same, and the two flat ring structures are fixed. On the bottom plate, a certain space is reserved between the two flat ring structures as the equipment channel. The upper part of the equipment channel is sealed by the cover plate, the front and rear are sealed by the partition plate, and the upper opening of the flat cylinder surrounded by the inner plate is also sealed by the cover plate; the beam points to The adjuster is installed on the inner panel close to the two ends of the straight road, the thunder timer is placed in the equipment channel, and its reset button, LED indicator light, week number display and time display or wire-controlled clock are partly installed on the cover plate to facilitate For observation and operation, one end of the laser is fixed in the opening of the side plate, the other end is placed in the beam pointing adjuster, and the photoreceptor is placed in the opening of the opposite side plate where the laser beam irradiates; the beam pointing adjuster and the right The light beam pointing regulators of the double linear automatic timing runways described in Requirement 8 are identical. 10、一种采用权利要求5所述计数型雷光触发电子定时器或采用权利要求7所述智能型雷光触发电子定时器的双哑铃型自动计时跑道,采用三通道结构形式,具有二条比赛通道和一条设备通道,其特征在于:双哑铃型自动计时跑道由计数型雷光定时器或智能型雷光定时器、光束指向调整器与双哑铃型跑道结构体组成,其组成、结构、位置关系与双扁环型自动计时跑道基本相同,所不同的是:双哑铃型自动计时跑道的结构体为满足最大车体顺利通过跑道,需要外侧板在弯道部分外扩,使能在直道中行进的最大车体也能在弯道中顺利行进,即:弯道比直道的板间距要大一些,弯道外侧板的内径为双扁环型弯道外侧板的内径与最大车身长的模,即:两者平方和的开方;所述的光束指向调整器与权利要求8所述双直线型自动计时跑道的光束指向调整器相一致。10. A double-dumbbell-shaped automatic timing track adopting the counting type lightning-triggered electronic timer as claimed in claim 5 or the intelligent lightning-triggered electronic timer as claimed in claim 7. It adopts a three-channel structure and has two competition channels and An equipment channel is characterized in that: the double dumbbell-shaped automatic timing runway is composed of a counting type thunder timer or an intelligent thunder timer, a beam pointing adjuster and a double dumbbell-shaped runway structure. The ring-shaped automatic timing track is basically the same, the difference is that the structure of the double-dumbbell-shaped automatic timing track needs the outer panel to be expanded in the curve part to allow the largest car traveling on the straight road to pass the track smoothly. The car body can also move smoothly in the curve, that is: the board spacing of the curve is larger than that of the straight road, and the inner diameter of the outer plate of the curve is the mold of the inner diameter of the outer plate of the double flat ring curve and the maximum length of the car body, that is: both The square root of the sum of squares; the beam pointing adjuster is consistent with the beam pointing adjuster of the double linear automatic timing runway described in claim 8.
CN2008201546499U 2008-10-30 2008-10-30 Signal detection and shaping circuit, lightning trigger timer and its automatic timing runway Expired - Lifetime CN201413535Y (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101546444B (en) * 2009-04-30 2011-06-08 上海大学 Thunder light triggered electronic timers and selfclocking runways thereof
CN101729045B (en) * 2009-09-27 2011-10-26 上海大学 Signal detecting and shaping circuit, and thunder light triggered timer and self-clocking runway thereof
CN108595997A (en) * 2018-07-02 2018-09-28 无锡市欧凯电子有限公司 A kind of digital independent device based on equipment charactron
CN110264941A (en) * 2019-06-04 2019-09-20 上海乾申软件科技有限公司 LED display screen control device and display system for slideway waterborne match timing

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101546444B (en) * 2009-04-30 2011-06-08 上海大学 Thunder light triggered electronic timers and selfclocking runways thereof
CN101729045B (en) * 2009-09-27 2011-10-26 上海大学 Signal detecting and shaping circuit, and thunder light triggered timer and self-clocking runway thereof
CN108595997A (en) * 2018-07-02 2018-09-28 无锡市欧凯电子有限公司 A kind of digital independent device based on equipment charactron
CN108595997B (en) * 2018-07-02 2024-03-26 无锡市欧凯电子有限公司 Data reading device based on equipment nixie tube
CN110264941A (en) * 2019-06-04 2019-09-20 上海乾申软件科技有限公司 LED display screen control device and display system for slideway waterborne match timing

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