CN201413535Y - Signal detection and shaping circuit, lightning trigger timer and its automatic timing runway - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a signal detection and shaping circuit, a lightning trigger timer and an automatic timing track thereof, and belongs to the fields of non-electrical quantity measurement, automatic control and electronic equipment. The simple (counting type) lightning timer is composed of a regulated power supply, signal detection and shaping circuit, (counting display), edge-pulse converter, wire-controlled clock, etc., and the intelligent lightning timer is composed of a regulated power supply, signal detection and shaping circuit , single-chip microcomputer system, miniature keyboard, week number/time display, etc. The Leiguang trigger automatic timing runway can be divided into three types: double straight line type, double flat ring type, and double dumbbell type. The automatic timing track is easy to use and has high timing accuracy. It is a platform for speed, timing or relay, and endurance competitions. It has a wide range of application values in time measurement, pulse counting, and speed measurement.

Description

Signal detection and shaping circuit, lightning trigger timer and its automatic timing runway

technical field

The utility model relates to a signal detection and shaping circuit, a lightning trigger timer and an automatic timing track thereof, and belongs to the fields of non-electrical quantity measurement, automatic control and electronic equipment.

Background technique

The time measurement of isometric speed competitions usually has manual stopwatch timing, electronic camera timing, mechanical gate electronic timing and other methods.

Manual stopwatch timing: poor accuracy and high requirements for operators. In the multi-lap competition of the circuit, it is necessary to manually count the laps at the same time, and the data is prone to deviation. Especially in high-speed car model competitions, the laps and time are counted at the same time quite difficult.

Electronic camera timing: high precision and powerful functions, but professional operators are required, the equipment is bulky, expensive, and the maintenance of the machine is also troublesome.

Mechanical gate electronic timing: the function is relatively simple, it can be used for straight track timing, but cannot be used for multi-lap timing of the circuit, suitable for slow competition events, the thrust required for the opening of the mechanical gate will have unnecessary impact on the competition.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a signal detection and shaping circuit, a lightning trigger timer and an automatic timing track.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions.

A signal detection and shaping circuit has two structural forms, an R-S trigger type and a hysteresis comparator type, according to different circuit connections.

The signal detection and shaping circuit is composed of microphone MIC, lasers LS11 and LS12, photoreceptors D11 and D12, timing circuit 555, switch S10, resistors R10-R13, diode D10, and LED light-emitting tube D13.

R-S flip-flop type signal detection and shaping circuit: resistor R10 is connected in series with microphone MIC across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, its common end is connected to the Tri pin of timing circuit 555 through the series circuit of diode D10 and switch S10, The lasers LS11 and LS12 are connected in series between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and their common terminal is grounded. Connected to the Tri pin of the timing circuit 555 , the resistor R12 is connected in series with the photoreceptor D12 across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the Thr pin of the timing circuit 555 .

Hysteresis comparator type signal detection and shaping circuit: the resistance R10 is connected in series with the microphone MIC and then connected between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the Tri pin of the timing circuit 555 through the series circuit of the diode D10 and the switch S10 and Thr pin, the lasers LS11 and LS12 are connected in series between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and their common terminal is grounded, and the photoreceptors D11 and D12 are connected in parallel with the resistors R11 and R12 respectively, and then connected in series and parallel across the positive Between the negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, its common terminal is connected to the Tri pin and the Thr pin of the timing circuit 555 .

The VDD pin and the GND pin of the timing circuit 555 of the signal detection and shaping circuit are respectively connected to the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and the Dis pin of the timing circuit 555 is connected to the power supply +Vp through the series circuit of the resistor R13 and the light-emitting tube D13, and the timing circuit 555 The OUT pin is connected to the pulse output terminal XP, and the light emitted by the lasers LS11 and LS12 are aimed at the photoreceptors D11 and D12 respectively.

The circuit schematic diagram of the R-S flip-flop type signal detection and shaping circuit is shown in Figure 1a, and the circuit schematic diagram of the hysteresis comparator type signal detection shaping circuit is shown in Figure 1b.

A simple lightning trigger electronic timer, referred to as: simple lightning timer, adopts dual power supply; simple lightning timer has a ground terminal GND, two power supply terminals, namely negative power supply terminal -Pv and positive power supply terminal +Pv, Receive the starting gunshot signal or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line, the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line, and has LED status indication, LED time display and timing reset functions; Composed of detection shaping circuit, edge-pulse converter, and wire-controlled clock, the regulated power supply is connected to the external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and the power supply +Vp and -Vp with stable output voltage are connected to the signal detection shaping circuit and edge-pulse converter And the wire-controlled clock, the signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line and the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line, the output section single pulse signal, the input terminal SP of the edge-pulse converter and the signal detection and shaping circuit The output terminal XP is connected to the single pulse signal of the input section, and the edge-pulse converter outputs a double pulse signal corresponding to the front and rear edges of the input single pulse signal, namely: the leading edge pulse signal and the trailing edge pulse signal, the input terminal YP of the wire-controlled clock and the edge - The output terminal DP of the pulse converter is connected, the wire-controlled clock starts timing at the beginning of the leading edge pulse signal, and stops timing at the beginning of the trailing edge pulse signal, and the timing time is displayed in the LED time display window of the wire-controlled clock at the same time, when it needs to be re-timed Reset the time displayed in the time display window to zero by pressing the reset button.

The structural block diagram of the simplified lightning-triggered electronic timer is shown in Figure 2.

The edge-to-pulse converter is composed of a capacitor C30, resistors R30-R32, diodes D31-D34, and a voltage comparator B3. Four diodes D31-D34 form a single-phase rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge has two AC input terminals, positive Negative two DC output terminals, one of which is connected to the input terminal SP of the converter through a series circuit of capacitor C30 and resistor R30, and the other AC input terminal is connected to the ground terminal GND of the converter, and the DC negative output terminal of the rectifier bridge The positive and positive output terminals are respectively connected to the positive power supply terminal +Vp and the negative power supply terminal -Vp of the converter through resistors R31 and R32, the positive and negative input terminals of the comparator B3 are respectively connected to the DC positive and negative output terminals of the rectifier bridge, the positive and negative output terminals of the comparator B3 The negative power supply terminals are respectively connected to the positive and negative power supply terminals +Vp and -Vp of the converter, and the output terminal of the comparator B3 is connected to the pulse output terminal DP of the converter.

The circuit schematic diagram of the edge-to-pulse converter is shown in Figure 3.

According to different structures, the stabilized power supply has two types: fixed output voltage type and adjustable output voltage type. The stabilized voltage power supply has a ground terminal GND and two power supply input terminals: positive power supply terminal +Pv and negative power supply terminal -Pv, two power supply output terminals: positive power supply terminal +Vp and negative power supply terminal -Vp.

Output voltage fixed voltage stabilized power supply: composed of positive three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit, negative three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit, capacitors C01~C04, diodes D01 and D02, positive three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit and negative three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit are connected to ground terminal GND It is the ground terminal GND of the stabilized voltage supply, and the input Vi and output Vo of the positive three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit and the negative three-terminal voltage stabilizer circuit are connected as the input ±Pv and output ±Vp of the stabilized voltage power supply.

Adjustable output voltage stabilized power supply: It is composed of positive three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizer circuit, negative three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizer circuit, resistors R01~R04, capacitors C01~C04, diodes D01 and D02, and resistors R01 and R03 are connected in series to span It is connected between the ground terminal GND and the power supply output terminal +Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the positive three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit ADJ, and the resistors R02 and R04 are connected in series and connected between the ground terminal GND and the power supply output terminal -Vp. Its common terminal is connected to the adjustment terminal ADJ of the negative three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit, and the input Vi and output Vo of the positive three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit and the negative three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit are connected to the input ±Pv and output ±Pv of the stabilized voltage supply. Vp.

Capacitors C01 and C02 of the regulated power supply are placed at the input end of the power supply as input filter capacitors, capacitors C03 and C04 are placed at the output end of the power supply as output filter capacitors, and diodes D01 and D02 are reversely connected to the input and output ends of the regulated power supply respectively. between.

The circuit schematic diagram of the fixed output voltage regulated power supply is shown in Figure 4a, and the circuit schematic diagram of the output voltage adjustable regulated power supply is shown in Figure 4b.

The wire-controlled clock is an electronic stopwatch with button reset function and wire-controlled electronic stopwatch. The time display resolution is 10 mS, and the six-digit LED seven-segment code display has a maximum timing and display time of 99 minutes and 59.99 seconds.

A counting type lightning trigger electronic timer, referred to as: counting type lightning timer, adopts dual power supply; counting type lightning timer has a ground terminal GND, two power supply terminals, namely negative power supply terminal -Pv and positive power supply terminal +Pv, Receive the starting gun sound signal or the light-changing signal at the beginning of the section, the light-changing signal at the end of the section, with counting direction control function, counter reset function, counter setting function, counting initial value setting function, and has LED status indication, LED time Display and timing reset function, straight mode and loop mode selection function; it is characterized in that: the counting thunder timer is composed of a regulated power supply, a signal detection and shaping circuit, a counting display, an edge-to-pulse converter, a wire-controlled clock, and a counting initial Value setting dial switch, switches S0~S3 and resistors R1 and R2, the stabilized power supply is connected to the external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and the power supply with stable output voltage +Vp and -Vp is connected to the signal detection shaping circuit and counting display And the edge-pulse converter and wire-controlled clock, the signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the starting point of the section and the optical changing signal of the end of the section, and outputs the pulse signal of the section, and the input terminal CK of the counting display is connected to the signal detection and shaping The output terminal XP of the circuit and the input segment pulse signal; the normally open and normally closed terminals of the single pole double throw switch S3 are respectively connected to the power supply +Vp and -Vp, the common terminal is connected to the counting direction control terminal U/D of the counting display, and the switch S1 and Resistor R1 is connected in series between the power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the reset terminal RST of the counting display. Switch S2 and resistor R2 are connected in series and connected between the power supply +Vp and -Vp. The terminal is connected to the counting terminal PE of the counting display, and the 12-bit counting initial value setting dial switch with pull-up and resistance is included. The common end of bit exclusion and DIP switch is connected to the counting initial value setting input port PXYZ of the counting display. The counting display counts the input pulses from the initial value and displays the counting value. When counting down, the counting display outputs the initial value. The interval single pulse signal from N to counting to 0, the counting display outputs the interval single pulse signal from the initial value N to counting to 999 when counting up; the normally open end of the single pole double throw switch S0 is connected to the output terminal XP of the signal detection shaping circuit , The normally closed terminal is connected to the output terminal PK of the counting display, and the common terminal is connected to the input terminal SP of the edge-to-pulse converter. In the loop mode, the edge-to-pulse converter outputs double-pulse signals corresponding to the front and rear edges of the input single pulse signal. The input terminal YP of the line-controlled clock is connected to the output terminal DP of the edge-to-pulse converter. The line-controlled clock starts at the leading edge pulse signal Start timing at any time, stop timing at the beginning of the trailing edge pulse signal, and display the timing time in the LED time display window of the online control clock, reset or set the counter when re-measurement is required, and reset the timer to zero through the reset button.

The structural block diagram of the counting type lightning trigger electronic timer is shown in Figure 5.

The edge-to-pulse converter, regulated power supply, and wire-controlled clock of the counting type lightning timer are the same as the corresponding units of the simple type lightning trigger electronic timer.

The counting display is composed of a pulse counter, a decoding driver, a pulse cycle number display, a reverse buffer U21 and U22, the counting pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter, the counting pulse output terminal PK, the counting direction control terminal U/D, The reset terminal RST, the number setting terminal PE, and the initial counting value setting input port PXYZ are the corresponding ports of the counting display. The counting value output port QXYZ of the pulse counter is connected to the BCD code input port SXYZ of the decoding driver, and the seven-segment The code output port TXYZ is connected to the seven-segment code input port RXYZ of the cycle number display, the common terminal COM of the cycle number display is connected to the positive power supply +Vp, the counting direction control terminal U/D is connected to the input port P1 of the cycle number display, and at the same time, it is reverse buffered The device U21 is connected to the input terminal P3 of the cycle number display, the counting pulse output terminal PK is connected to the input terminal P2 of the cycle number display through the reverse buffer U22, and the positive and negative power terminals of the pulse counter, the decoding driver and the reverse buffer are respectively connected to the counting Display's positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp.

The week number display is composed of three dotted seven-segment code LED digital tubes and 24 current-limiting resistors. The LED digital tubes adopt a common anode form, and the common ends of the three digital tubes are connected together as the common end of the week number display. COM, each light-emitting diode pin that forms the digital tube is connected in series with a current-limiting resistor, and the current-limiting resistor corresponds to the pin part of the seven-segment code: a1~g1, a2~g2, a3~g3 form the seven-segment code input of the week number display Port RXYZ, and the pins corresponding to the decimal point: p1, p2, p3 lead to spare.

The appearance and pin diagram of the dotted seven-segment LED digital tube are shown in Figure 6, and the circuit schematic diagram of the week number display is shown in Figure 7.

The decoding driver is composed of three BCD to seven-segment code decoding drivers, and the BCD code input pins: A1～D1, A2～D2, A3～D3 form the BCD code input port SXYZ of the decoding driver, seven segments Code output pin part: a1~g1, a2~g2, a3~g3 form the seven-segment code output port TXYZ of the decoding driver, and the power supply of three BCD to seven-segment code decoding drivers is connected to the power terminal +Vp of the decoding driver and -Vp.

The circuit schematic diagram of the decoding driver is shown in Figure 8.

The pulse counter has two forms: a synchronous counter and an asynchronous counter.

The synchronous counter is composed of three DEC counters that can be preset to add and subtract, one OR gate, two D-type flip-flops, and one NOR gate. The counting pulse input terminal CK of the three DEC counters, the counting direction control terminal U/D, and the reset Terminal RST and the end with the same name as the setting terminal PE are connected together as the corresponding function control terminal of the pulse counter. The input terminal CI of the lowest bit DEC counter X is connected to the power supply -Vp, and its input terminal CO is connected to high The carry/borrow input terminal CI of one DEC counter Y, the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the higher one DEC counter Y is connected to the carry/borrow input terminal CI of the higher one DEC counter Z, so the DEC counter The carry/borrow input and output terminals CI and CO are connected in a chain structure, and the preset data input ports PX1~PX4, PY1~PY4, PZ1~PZ4 of the three DEC counters form the counting initial value setting input port PXYZ of the pulse counter, The counting value output ports QX1~QX4, QY1~QY4, QZ1~QZ4 of the three DEC counters form the counting value output port QXYZ of the pulse counter, and the clock input port CK of the trigger B is connected to the carry/borrow output port of the high DEC counter Z CO, the data input terminal D of flip-flop B is connected to the power supply +Vp, the set terminal SET of flip-flop B is connected to the power supply -Vp, the reset terminal RST of the pulse counter and the set number terminal PE two signals are simultaneously contacted and triggered through the OR gate operation output The reset terminal RST of trigger B and the set terminal SET of flip-flop A, the clock input terminal CK of flip-flop A is connected to the count pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter, the data input terminal D of flip-flop A is connected to the power supply -Vp, and the clock input terminal of flip-flop A is connected to the count pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter. The reset terminal RST of the NOR gate is connected to the power supply -Vp, the two input terminals of the NOR gate are respectively connected to the output terminal Q of the trigger B and the output terminal Q of the trigger A, and the output terminal of the NOR gate is connected to the pulse output terminal PK of the pulse counter , can preset addition and subtraction DEC counters, or gates, D-type flip flops, or gates, and the power supply of the NOR gate is connected to the power supply terminals +Vp and -Vp of the pulse counter.

The circuit schematic diagram of the synchronous counter is shown in Fig. 9a.

The asynchronous counter is composed of three pre-settable addition and subtraction DEC counters, one OR gate, two D-type flip-flops, and one NOR gate. The connection method is basically the same as that of the synchronous counter, except that the counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter is The connection with the carry/borrow input and output terminals CI and CO, the carry/borrow input terminals CI of the three DEC counters are all connected to the power supply -Vp, and the counting pulse input terminal CK of the lowest bit DEC counter X is connected to the counting of the pulse counter The pulse input terminal CK, and its carry/borrow output terminal CO is connected to the count pulse input terminal CK of the high-level DEC counter Y, and the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the high-level DEC counter Y is connected to the high-level DEC counter The counting pulse input terminal CK of Z can be preset in this way. The counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter and the carry/borrow output terminal CO are connected to form a chain structure.

The circuit schematic diagram of the asynchronous counter is shown in Fig. 9b.

An intelligent lightning trigger electronic timer, referred to as: intelligent lightning timer, adopts dual power supply; intelligent lightning timer is a dual-channel structure, with a ground terminal GND, two power supply terminals, negative power supply terminal -Pv and positive power supply terminal. Power terminal +Pv, to receive the starting gunshot signal or the light-changing signal of the starting point of the section, the light-changing signal of the end of the section, and use the micro-keyboard to set or input data, and has LED status indication, LED week number/time display to output data information; It is characterized in that: the intelligent Leiguang timer is composed of a regulated power supply, two sets of signal detection and shaping circuits, a single-chip microcomputer system, a miniature keyboard, two cycle/time displays, resistors R1 and R2, and diodes D1 to D4. The regulated power supply is connected to The external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, the power supply with stable output voltage +5V and -5V are connected to the signal detection and shaping circuit, and the +5V power supply is connected to the single-chip system, and the signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the starting gun sound signal or the light change at the beginning of the section The signal is connected to the light-changing signal at the end of the section and the output section pulse signal. Resistors R1 and R2 are respectively connected between the output terminals XP1 and XP2 of the signal detection and shaping circuit and the input terminals ZP1 and ZP2 of the single-chip computer system. Diodes D3 and D1, After D4 and D2 are connected in series, they are connected between the power supply +5V and the ground GND, and their common terminals are respectively connected to the input terminals ZP1 and ZP2 of the microcontroller system. Resistors R1 and R2 and diodes D1 to D4 complete the signal transmission and level conversion functions. The keyboard interface of the system is connected with the miniature keyboard, and the two display interfaces of the single-chip system are respectively connected with two week/time displays. The single-chip system sets the working mode or changes working parameters through the miniature keyboard, and the single-chip system drives the week/time display. Pulse count value, amount of time and related working status.

The structural block diagram of the intelligent lightning trigger electronic timer is shown in Figure 10.

The week number/time display adopts a four-digit eight-segment LED digital tube display with a double-dot separator in a scanning form, and the miniature keyboard adopts a 3×3 scanning form keyboard, and the 9 keys of the keyboard are: ←, → , ↑, ↓, confirmation, mode, number setting, reset and clear, set full range, the display and keyboard in the scanning form help to reduce the number of connections to the connection interface.

The appearance and pin diagram of the week number/time display are shown in Figure 11, and the appearance and layout of the miniature keyboard are shown in Figure 12.

A dual-linear automatic timing track adopts a multi-channel structure and has two competition channels, one equipment channel and two routing channels. The regulator is composed of a double linear runway structure. The runway structure is composed of a bottom plate Z1, a side plate Z2, a base plate Z3, a cover plate Z4 and a partition Z5. Two side plates and a base plate form an H-shaped structure. The upper space is The competition channel and the lower space are cable channels. Two H-shaped structures are fixed on the bottom plate. A certain space is reserved between the two H-shaped structures as equipment channels. The cable channels and equipment channels are closed or separated by partitions. There is a wire hole, and the upper part of the equipment channel is sealed by a cover plate; the beam pointing adjuster is installed on the side plate near the two ends of the equipment channel, and the Leiguang timer is placed in the equipment channel, and its reset button, LED indicator light and time display The window or wire-controlled clock part is installed on the cover plate to facilitate observation and operation. One end of the laser is fixed in the opening of the side plate, and the other end is placed in the beam pointing adjuster. The photoreceptor is placed on the opposite side plate irradiated by the laser beam. In the opening, the photoreceptor, laser and Leiguang timer are connected to the equipment channel through the wiring channel.

The perspective view, cross-sectional view and top view of the double linear automatic timing track are shown in Figure 13, Figure 14 and Figure 15.

The beam pointing adjuster has two forms: angle-bending fixed type and direct-fixing type, and its beam pointing adjustment method is divided into X type and Y type. The angle-bending fixed type beam pointing adjuster consists of round tube X4, Adjusting screw X2, angle bend X5, fixed screw X3, the circular tube is radially opened with two rows of screw holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, one row of screw holes is used to fix the angle bend so as to firmly fix the entire beam pointing to the adjuster On the side plate of the runway, another row of screw holes is used to adjust the direction of the laser beam with adjusting screws; the directly fixed beam pointing adjuster is composed of T-shaped tube X1, adjusting screws X2, and fixing screws X3. The end surface of the tube and the cylindrical surface are provided with screw holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The screw holes on the end surface are used to firmly fix the beam pointing adjuster on the side plate of the runway. The screw holes on the cylindrical surface are used to adjust the laser beam with adjusting screws. direction.

The schematic diagrams of X-type and Y-type beam pointing adjustment methods are shown in Figures 16a and 16b. The stereoscopic schematic diagrams and side sectional views of the direct fixed beam pointing adjusters are shown in Figures 17a and 17b. The three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the angle-bending fixed beam pointing adjusters And the side sectional view is shown in Fig. 18a, 18b.

A double flat ring type automatic timing track adopts a three-channel structure and has two competition channels and one equipment channel. The pointing adjuster is composed of a double-flat ring-shaped runway structure. The runway structure is composed of a base H1, an outer plate H3, an inner plate H2, a cover plate H4 and H5, and a partition H6. The outer plate and the inner plate form a flat with a fixed relative distance. Ring structure, that is: the board spacing of the curve and the straight road are the same, two flat ring structures are fixed on the bottom plate, a certain space is reserved between the two flat ring structures as equipment channels, the upper part of the equipment channels is sealed by cover plates, and the front and rear are separated by partitions Sealing, the upper opening of the flat cylinder surrounded by the inner plate is also sealed by the cover plate: the beam pointing adjuster is installed on the inner plate near the two ends of the straight road, the thunder timer is placed in the equipment channel, and its reset button, LED indicator , The week number display and time display or wire-controlled clock are partly installed on the cover plate to facilitate observation and operation. One end of the laser is fixed in the opening of the side plate, the other end is placed in the beam pointing adjuster, and the photoreceptor is placed in the laser beam. In the opening of the opposite side plate irradiated; the beam pointing adjuster is the same as the beam pointing adjuster of the double linear automatic timing runway.

The top view of the double flat ring type automatic timing runway is shown in Figure 19, and the cross-sectional view of the double flat ring type automatic timing runway is shown in Figure 21a.

A double-dumbbell-shaped automatic timing track adopts a three-channel structure and has two competition channels and one equipment channel. Its composition, structure, and positional relationship are basically the same as those of the double-flat-ring automatic timing track. , it is necessary for the outer plate to expand outward in the curve, so that the largest car body that can travel in the straight road can also travel smoothly in the curve, that is, the distance between the plates of the curve is larger than that of the straight road, and the inner diameter of the outer plate of the curve is double The modulus of the inner diameter of the flat ring type curved outer plate and the maximum body length, that is, the square root of the sum of the squares of the two; the beam pointing adjuster is consistent with the beam pointing adjuster of the double-linear automatic timing track.

The top view of the double dumbbell-shaped automatic timing runway is shown in Figure 20, and the cross-sectional view of the double dumbbell-shaped automatic timing runway is shown in Figure 21b.

Laser, also known as laser light, has the characteristics of high brightness and good direction consistency. The use of laser beams as position and time measurement tools for races such as racing cars and robot speed running has the advantages of high precision and strong anti-interference ability.

The automatic timing runway is composed of three parts: the thunder timer, the beam pointing adjuster, and the runway structure. The track structure has three structural forms: double straight line, double flat ring, and double dumbbell. It is a platform for races such as racing cars and robot speed running.

The beam pointing adjuster is used to fix the laser and adjust the direction of the laser beam so that the laser beam can be precisely aimed at the photoreceptor on the opposite side of the runway.

Leiguang timer is the core part of the automatic timing track, and it has three forms: simple type, counting type and intelligent type.

The Leiguang timer adopts the primary DC power supply obtained by step-down rectification and filtering of the battery or AC mains as the power input, and the regulated output signal of the regulated power supply detects the shaping circuit, counting display, edge-to-pulse converter, wire-controlled clock or single-chip microcomputer system The regulated DC power supply required by other units.

The 555 timing circuit of the R-S flip-flop type signal detection shaping circuit forms the R-S flip-flop, and the 555 timing circuit of the hysteresis comparator type signal detection shaping circuit forms the hysteresis comparator. The current increases, so that the Tri pin of the 555 timing circuit is in a relatively high level state, while the Thr pin is in a relatively low level state, and the OUT pin of the 555 timing circuit remains in the initial state after reset, that is, the low level remains unchanged. The circuit drives the LED indicator light through the Dis pin; when the starting gun sounds, the microphone detects a thunderous high-decibel sound signal, which generates a voltage fluctuation signal, which causes a group of low-level voltage fluctuations to appear on the Tri pin of the 555 timing circuit signal, the output state of the 555 timing circuit is flipped to a high level, and the LED indicator light is not lit at this time; when the starting gun is not used or the gunshot signal detection circuit is disconnected by the switch S1, the racing car or robot moves to block the laser beam at the starting point from reaching The photoreceptor generates the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line (the light-changing signal of the starting point of the section), which causes the resistance of the starting point photoreceptor to increase and the current to decrease, and causes one or a group of low-level pulse signals to appear on the Tri pin of the 555 timing circuit. The output state of the 555 timing circuit flips to a high level; when the racing car or robot leaves the starting area and continues to move and blocks the laser beam at the end point to reach the photoreceptor, a light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line (a light-change signal at the end of the section) is generated, resulting in a light-sensitive signal at the end point The resistance of the device increases, the current decreases, and one or a group of high-level pulse signals appear on the Thr pin of the 555 timing circuit, and the output state of the 555 timing circuit turns back to low level, and at the same time, the LED indicator light returns to light; When the robot passes the range defined by the start beam and the end beam, the 555 timing circuit outputs a high-level pulse voltage signal.

The signal input and output waveforms of the signal detection and shaping circuit are shown in Figure 22.

The input capacitor C30 of the edge-to-pulse converter forms a differential circuit with resistors R30, R31, and R32. When the input voltage is constant, the negative DC output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit composed of four diodes is a positive voltage, and the positive DC output terminal is a negative voltage. voltage, comparator B3 outputs low level; when a pulse voltage signal is input, the pulse rising edge mutation voltage makes the positive DC output voltage of the rectifier circuit higher than the negative DC output voltage, comparator B3 outputs high level, and the delay is constant After a period of time, the state of the differential circuit recovers, and the comparator B3 resumes outputting low level; the sudden voltage of the falling edge of the pulse makes the voltage of the negative DC output terminal of the rectifier circuit lower than the voltage of the positive DC output terminal, and the comparator B3 also outputs high level, with a certain delay After a period of time, the state of the differential circuit is restored, and the comparator B3 resumes outputting low level; that is, the comparator outputs a high-level double-pulse signal corresponding to the rising edge (leading edge) and falling edge (trailing edge) of the input pulse.

The input and output signal waveforms of the edge-to-pulse converter are shown in Figure 23.

The counting display is composed of a pulse counter, a decoding driver, a cycle number display, a reverse buffer, etc. The output signal of the pulse counter is controlled by the reverse buffer. Counting and timing), the direction control signal controls the counting addition and subtraction of the pulse counter, and directly drives the decimal point of the low bit digital tube, and at the same time controls the decimal point of the high bit digital tube through the reverse buffer, that is: when the high bit is on and the low bit is dark, it means The counter is in the addition counting state, and when the high bit is dark and the low bit is on, it means the counter is in the subtraction counting state. When counting up, the counter is first reset by the RST signal or set by the PE signal. When the first pulse of the counting starts, the D-type flip-flop A is triggered to output a low level, and when the counter counts to 999 (or 900~999), it is high. The carry/borrow output of the DEC counter is low level, and when the next pulse arrives, the carry/borrow output of the high DEC counter is high level, and triggers the D-type flip-flop B to output high level, and the trigger A and flip-flop B The output outputs a high-level wide pulse through the NOR gate operation. When subtracting counting, the counter is first reset by the RST signal or set by the PE signal, and the first pulse at the beginning of the counting triggers the D-type flip-flop A to output a low level, and the counter counts down to 000 (or 099~000) when it is high. The carry/borrow output of the DEC counter is low level, and when the next pulse arrives, the carry/borrow output of the high DEC counter is high level, and triggers the D-type flip-flop B to output high level, and the trigger A and flip-flop B The output outputs a high-level wide pulse through the NOR gate operation. By presetting different counting initial values, the counter generates a high-level gate pulse signal whose number of counting pulses can be set. At the same time, the output data of the pulse counter is input to the cycle number display through the decoding driver, and the cycle number display displays the count value of the pulse cycle number.

The working waveform of the counting display is shown in Figure 24.

The simple Leiguang timer detects the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line and the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line. The signal detection and shaping circuit outputs the timing-gated single-pulse signal, and the edge-pulse converter outputs the corresponding timing-gated single-pulse signal. The dual-pulse signal of the edge controls the timing of the wire-controlled clock, and the wire-controlled clock displays the elapsed time from the sound of the starting gun or the starting point hitting the line to the end point hitting the line. If the wire-controlled clock is not cleared to continue the game or test, the simple Leiguang timer will continue to count and display the accumulated time.

The counting type thunder timer detects the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal at the beginning of the section and the light-changing signal at the end of the section. The signal detection and shaping circuit outputs the cycle pulse signal. The counting display counts the cycle pulse signal and displays the value of the pulse cycle. Display: NNN～999, 000～999, 000～999, ..., during subtraction counting, display: NNN～000, 999～000, 999～000, ...; at the same time, the counting display outputs the pulse width determined by the preset initial value The pulse is used as a timing-gated single-pulse signal, and the edge-to-pulse converter outputs a double-pulse signal corresponding to the edge of the timing-gated single-pulse signal to control the timing of the wire-controlled clock. In the loop mode, the wire-controlled clock displays the time elapsed from the sound of the starting gun or the starting point hitting the line, and the number of cycles corresponding to the preset initial value, and continues to input the pulse signal after the set number of pulses is reached. , the counting display will count cyclically, but the wire-controlled clock will not accumulate time, and the time display will remain unchanged. In the straight mode, the edge-to-pulse converter controls the control-by-wire clock in the same state as the simple thunder timer. The counting type lightning timer has the functions of the simple type lightning timer.

When the line-controlled clock with level control is used, the edge-to-pulse converter of the simple type Leiguang timer and the counting type Leiguang timer can be omitted, that is, the line-controlled clock is directly controlled by the single pulse output by the signal detection shaping circuit or the counting display timing.

The intelligent Leiguang timer detects the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal at the beginning of the section and the light-changing signal at the end of the section. The signal detection and shaping circuit outputs a cycle pulse signal. The internal counter of the single-chip system counts the cycle pulse signal and displays the count value. At the same time, according to the preset data, the corresponding wide pulse is output as the timing gate pulse signal. The timing gate pulse signal directly controls the internal clock timing of the single-chip system, and displays the pulse corresponding to the preset data from the sound of the starting gun or the starting point hitting the line. The elapsed time after the number of weeks. The functions of data preset, counting up or counting down display, reset, number setting, and position setting of the intelligent Leiguang timer are all realized through the operation of the miniature keyboard. Through the setting of the keyboard, the intelligent thunder timer can be set to work in the state of single timing (single single race) or cumulative time (multiple relay races) in the straight mode, and can be set in the state of one time in the loop mode. Works with preset count (single multi-lap race) or maximum cycle count (loop endurance race). The intelligent thunder timer can be switched to the count-up display mode or the count-down display mode in the counting state, the countdown display: NNNN～0000, the countdown display: 0000～NNNN. The intelligent thunder timer has the function of the counting thunder timer, and the mode conversion and parameter setting are simpler, the data display is more flexible, and the use is more convenient.

The working waveform of the intelligent thunder timer is shown in Figure 25.

The photoreceptor constituting the signal detection and shaping circuit can be photosensitive devices such as photoresistors, photodiodes or phototransistors, and the voltage comparator constituting the edge-to-pulse converter can be replaced by an operational amplifier or a circuit with similar functions. The devices that make up the pulse counter and decoding driver usually use CD4000 series CMOS standard integrated circuits or 74 series TTL standard integrated circuits, and can also be implemented by programmable logic devices.

The resistance values of resistors R1, R2, R01～R04, R10～R13 are usually (but not limited to) 5KΩ～50KΩ, the resistance values of resistors R31 and R32 are usually (but not limited to) R31=R32, and the resistance values of resistors R30～R32 The value is usually (but not limited to) 50KΩ-5MΩ, and the resistance value of the current-limiting resistor is usually (but not limited to) 100Ω-2KΩ.

The signal detection and shaping circuit of the utility model, the lightning trigger timer and its automatic timing track have a reasonable and reliable structure, and the lightning timer structure is relatively simple and reliable, small in size and low in cost. Counting, speed measurement and other aspects have a wide range of application value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1a The schematic diagram of the R-S flip-flop type signal detection and shaping circuit.

Fig. 1b The circuit schematic diagram of the hysteresis comparator type signal detection and shaping circuit.

Fig. 2 Structure block diagram of simplified lightning trigger electronic timer.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the edge-to-pulse converter circuit.

Figure 4a output voltage fixed type regulated power supply.

Figure 4b output voltage adjustable power supply.

Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of counting type lightning trigger electronic timer.

Figure 6 The appearance and pin diagram of the dotted seven-segment LED digital tube.

Figure 7 Circuit schematic diagram of the week number display.

Fig. 8 is the schematic circuit diagram of the decoding driver.

Figure 9a is a schematic circuit diagram of a synchronous counter.

Figure 9b is a schematic circuit diagram of an asynchronous counter.

Figure 10 is a structural block diagram of an intelligent lightning trigger electronic timer.

Figure 11 Week number/time display appearance and pin diagram.

Figure 12 Miniature keyboard appearance and layout.

The perspective view of Fig. 13 double linear automatic timing runway.

The cross-sectional view (unit: centimeter) of Fig. 14 double linear automatic timing track.

The top view (unit: centimeter) of Fig. 15 double linear automatic timing track.

Figures 16a and 16b are schematic diagrams of X-type and Y-type beam pointing adjustment methods.

Fig. 17a, 17b are perspective schematic diagrams and side sectional views of directly fixed beam pointing adjusters.

Figures 18a and 18b are perspective schematic diagrams and side cross-sectional views of angle-bend fixed beam pointing adjusters.

The top view (unit: centimeter) of the double flat ring type automatic timing runway of Fig. 19.

The top view (unit: centimeter) of Fig. 20 double dumbbell type automatic timing track.

The sectional view (unit: centimeter) of Fig. 21a double flat ring type automatic timing track.

The sectional view (unit: centimeter) of double dumbbell-shaped automatic timing track of Fig. 21b.

Figure 22 Signal input and output waveforms of the signal detection shaping circuit.

Figure 23 The input and output signal waveforms of the edge-to-pulse converter.

Figure 24 counts the working waveform of the display.

Figure 25 The working waveform of the intelligent thunder timer.

Fig. 26 adopts the playground runway of automatic timing device triggered by lightning.

The codes of the numbers in the figure are as follows:

Z1, bottom plate, Z2, side plate, Z3, base plate, Z4, cover plate, Z5, partition plate;

X1, T-shaped tube, X2, adjusting screw, X3, fixed screw, X4, round tube, X5, corner bend;

H1, base, H2, inner panel, H3, outer panel, H4, flat ring cover, H5, middle cover, H6, partition;

Y1, central column, Y2, column, Y3, plane reflector.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in detail.

Example 1

Thunder triggers automatic timing runway

The Leiguang trigger automatic timing runway is composed of a Leiguang timer, a beam pointing adjuster, and a runway structure.

The track structure adopts a double flat ring structure with the function of straight track races. In addition to multi-lap races, the straight part of the circular track can also be used for straight races or relay races.

The thunder timer adopts the counting thunder timer or the intelligent thunder timer with the function of the simple thunder timer. Two-channel runways require two sets of counting lightning timers or one set of intelligent lightning timers.

The microphone of the Leiguang timer's signal detection and shaping circuit adopts an electret microphone, the laser adopts a semiconductor laser, the photoreceptor adopts a photosensitive diode or a photosensitive triode, the 555 timing circuit adopts ICM7555 or ICM7556, and the four rectifier diodes of the edge-to-pulse converter adopt a Single-phase bridge rectifier, the BCD to seven-segment code decoding driver of the decoding driver adopts CD4511 or CD4543, the pulse counter can be preset to add and subtract DEC counter adopts CD4029 or CD4510, the D-type flip-flop adopts CD4013, and the OR gate adopts CD4071, CD4001 is used for the NOR gate, CD4009 or CD4049 is used for the inverting buffer of the counting display, and 8051 series single-chip microcomputer is used for the single-chip central processing unit of the intelligent Leiguang timer single-chip microcomputer system.

The structural parts of the runway are made of plastic or wooden materials, and are connected and fixed by self-tapping screws or glue. The edges of the structural parts are sanded off with sandpaper, and the exterior of the wooden materials is coated with varnish.

The structural parts of the runway are made of blockboard or multi-layer board with a thickness of 2 cm, and the top cover is made of plywood or multi-layer board with a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 cm.

The bottom plate Z1 of the double linear runway structure: 240 cm long and 65 cm wide; the side plate Z2: 240 cm long and 25 cm wide; the base plate Z3: 240 cm long and 15 cm wide; the cover plate Z4: 240 cm long and wide 19 cm; two straight runways: 240 cm long, 15 cm wide, and 15 cm deep; the center of the laser and photoreceptor is 5 cm above the surface of the base board runway, the starting line is 30 cm away from the top of the runway, and the finish line is 30 cm away from the other top of the runway 10 cm.

The effective (timing) distance of the double linear runway: 200 cm.

The bottom plate H1 of the double-flat circular runway structure: 224 cm long and 218 cm wide; the straight part of the side plates H2 and H3: 120 cm long and 15 cm wide; the curved part of the inner plate H2: the bending center radius is 29 cm and the height is 15 cm; outer panel H3 curve part: bending center radius 46 cm, height 15 cm; middle cover H5: length 120 cm, width 24 cm; flat ring cover H4: longest 180 cm, width 60 cm; two rings Runway: 15 cm wide and 15 cm deep; the center of the laser and photoreceptor is 5 cm above the runway surface of the floor, the start line and finish line are 10 cm from the two tops of the straight track, that is, the distance between the start line and the finish line is 100 cm .

The bottom plate H1 of the double dumbbell-shaped track structure: 224 cm long and 218 cm wide; the straight part of the inner board H2: 120 cm long and 15 cm wide; the straight part of the outer board H3: 90 cm long and 15 cm wide; the inner board H2 is bent Road part: bending center radius 29 cm, height 15 cm; outer side panel H3 curve part: bending center radius 48.5 cm, height 15 cm; middle cover H5: length 120 cm, width 24 cm; flat ring cover H4: most The length is 180 cm, and the width is 60 cm; two circular runways: the straight road is 15 cm wide, the curve is 17.5 cm wide, and the depth is 15 cm; the center position of the laser and photoreceptor is 5 cm above the bottom runway surface, between the starting line and the finish line A distance of 80 cm is arranged symmetrically in the straight.

The round tube or T-shaped tube, corner bend and screw of the beam pointing adjuster are made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloy or galvanized iron.

The beam pointing adjuster is fixed on the side plate of the runway. One end of the cylindrical laser is fixed in the opening of the side plate, and the other end is fixed by the beam pointing adjuster. The opening of the side plate is slightly arc-shaped to facilitate the adjustment of the beam pointing The device adjusts the beam direction of the laser.

The Leiguang timer adopts the primary DC power supply of ±6V~±9V obtained by step-down rectification and filtering of the battery or mains as the power input, and the regulated power supply outputs the ±5V DC power required by other functional units of the Leiguang timer.

The circuit board and microphone of the Leiguang timer are fixed in the equipment channel, and the LED indicator light, buttons or keyboard, week/time display or wire-controlled clock are fixed on the cover plate, which is convenient for operation and observation of data information.

The Leiguang trigger automatic timing track is used for races such as racing cars and robot speed races. It is easy to use and has high timing accuracy. Example 2

Lightning triggers the automatic timing device and its playground track

The sports field track that adopts the automatic timing device triggered by lightning is as shown in Figure 26.

The sports field runway is in the form of a double-flat ring-shaped plastic runway. The automatic timing device triggered by lightning has five columns: a central column Y1 is located at the opening of the double-flat-circle track, and four runway columns Y2 are located beside the runway near the two ends of the straight road. , a flat reflector Y3 is arranged at the position aligned with the column in the middle of the two flat ring-shaped plastic runways.

The thunder timer that constitutes the thunder trigger automatic timing device adopts a counting thunder timer or an intelligent thunder timer, which is also used for automatic timing of short-distance straight track speed competitions and long-distance circuit speed competitions.

The two flat ring-shaped plastic runways adopt two sets of counting thunder timers or a set of intelligent thunder timers. The buttons or keyboards of the thunder timers, the wire-controlled clock or the week number/time display are placed in the central column for convenient unified operation , the beam pointing adjuster, microphone, laser and photoreceptor are placed in the runway column.

The laser and the photoreceptor in the same channel of the Leiguang trigger automatic timing device are on the same side of the runway, and the cable connection is relatively simple and convenient.

The light beam emitted by the laser of the Leiguang trigger automatic timing device is reflected by the middle plane reflector Y3 to the photoreceptor on the same side, and detects the light-changing signal of the starting point and the ending point. Automatic counting and timing.

Claims (10)

1. A signal detection and shaping circuit, which has two structural forms of R-S flip-flop type and hysteresis comparator type according to the different circuit connections. It is characterized in that: the signal detection and shaping circuit is composed of a microphone MIC, lasers LS11 and LS12, and a photoreceptor D11 and D12, timing circuit 555, switch S10, resistors R10~R13, diode D10, LED light-emitting tube D13; R-S trigger type signal detection and shaping circuit: resistor R10 is connected in series with the microphone MIC across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and Between -Vp, its common end is connected to the Tri pin of the timing circuit 555 through the series circuit of diode D10 and switch S10, and the lasers LS11 and LS12 are connected in series between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and their common end is grounded. The photoreceptor D11 is connected in series with the resistor R11 across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, its common terminal is connected to the Tri pin of the timing circuit 555, and the resistor R12 is connected in series with the photoreceptor D12 across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and Between -Vp, its common terminal is connected to the Thr pin of the timing circuit 555; hysteresis comparator type signal detection and shaping circuit: resistor R10 is connected in series with the microphone MIC, and then connected across the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal Connect the Tri pin and Thr pin of the timing circuit 555 through the series circuit of the diode D10 and the switch S10, the lasers LS11 and LS12 are connected in series between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, and the common terminal is grounded, and the photoreceptors D11 and D12 Respectively connected in parallel with resistors R11 and R12 and then connected in series and parallel between the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, the common terminal is connected to the Tri pin and Thr pin of the timing circuit 555; the VDD of the timing circuit 555 of the signal detection shaping circuit pin and GND pin are respectively connected to positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp, the Dis pin of the timing circuit 555 is connected to the power supply +Vp through the series circuit of the resistor R13 and the light-emitting tube D13, and the OUT pin of the timing circuit 555 is connected to the pulse output terminal XP, the laser The light emitted by LS11 and LS12 are aimed at photoreceptors D11 and D12 respectively. 2. A simple lightning trigger electronic timer adopting the signal detection and shaping circuit described in claim 1, referred to as: simple lightning timer, which adopts dual power supply; simple lightning timer has a ground terminal GND and two power supplies The terminals are the negative power supply terminal -Pv and the positive power supply terminal +Pv, which receive the starting gunshot signal or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line and the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line, and have LED status indication, LED time display and timing reset functions; its characteristics It is: the simple Leiguang timer is composed of a regulated power supply, a signal detection and shaping circuit, an edge-to-pulse converter, and a wire-controlled clock. The regulated power supply is connected to an external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and a power supply with stable output voltage +Vp and - Vp is connected to the signal detection and shaping circuit, the edge-pulse converter and the wire-controlled clock. The signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the starting point hitting the line and the light-changing signal of the end point hitting the line, and outputs the single pulse signal of the section, and the edge -The input terminal SP of the pulse converter is connected to the output terminal XP of the signal detection and shaping circuit, and the single pulse signal of the input section is input. For the edge pulse signal, the input terminal YP of the wire-controlled clock is connected to the output terminal DP of the edge-pulse converter. The wire-controlled clock starts timing at the beginning of the leading edge pulse signal and stops timing at the beginning of the trailing edge pulse signal. It is displayed in the LED time display window of the clock, and the time displayed in the time display window is cleared and reset by the reset button when the timing needs to be re-timed. 3. The simple lightning timer according to claim 2, characterized in that: said edge-to-pulse converter is composed of capacitor C30, resistors R30~R32, diodes D31~D34, voltage comparator B3, four diodes D31～D34 form a single-phase rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge has two AC input terminals and two positive and negative DC output terminals. One of the AC input terminals is connected to the input terminal SP of the converter through the series circuit of the capacitor C30 and the resistor R30, and the other The AC input terminal is connected to the ground terminal GND of the converter, the DC negative output terminal and the positive output terminal of the rectifier bridge are respectively connected to the positive power supply terminal +Vp and negative power supply terminal -Vp of the converter through resistors R31 and R32, and the positive power supply terminal of the comparator B3 The negative input terminals are respectively connected to the DC positive and negative output terminals of the rectifier bridge, the positive and negative power supply terminals of the comparator B3 are respectively connected to the positive and negative power supply terminals +Vp and -Vp of the converter, and the output terminal of the comparator B3 is connected to the pulse of the converter Output DP. 4. The simple thunderbolt timer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the regulated power supply has two types of output voltage fixed type and output voltage adjustable type according to different structures, and the regulated power supply has a grounding Terminal GND, two power supply input terminals: positive power supply terminal +Pv and negative power supply terminal -Pv, two power supply output terminals namely: positive power supply terminal +Vp and negative power supply terminal -Vp; fixed output voltage regulated power supply: by Positive three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit, negative three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit, capacitors C01~C04, diodes D01 and D02 are composed, the grounding terminal GND of the positive three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit and the negative three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit is connected as the grounding terminal GND of the voltage stabilizing power supply, The input Vi and output Vo of the positive three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit and the negative three-terminal voltage stabilizing circuit are connected as the input ±Pv and output ±Vp of the voltage stabilizing power supply; the output voltage adjustable voltage stabilizing power supply: the positive three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit, Negative three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit, resistors R01~R04, capacitors C01~C04, diodes D01 and D02 are composed, resistors R01 and R03 are connected in series between the ground terminal GND and the power supply output terminal +Vp, and its common terminal is connected The positive three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit ADJ, resistors R02 and R04 are connected in series between the ground terminal GND and the power supply output terminal -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the negative three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator circuit ADJ, the positive three-terminal The input Vi and output Vo of the adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit and the negative three-terminal adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit are connected as the input ±Pv and output ±Vp of the voltage stabilizing power supply; the capacitors C01 and C02 of the voltage stabilizing power supply are placed at the input end of the power supply as input filtering Capacitors, capacitors C03 and C04 are placed at the output of the power supply as output filter capacitors, and diodes D01 and D02 are reversely connected between the input and output of the regulated power supply respectively; the wire-controlled clock has a button reset function, It is also an electronic stopwatch that can be controlled by wire, with a time display resolution of 10mS, a six-digit LED seven-segment code display, and a maximum timing and display time of 99 minutes and 59.99 seconds. 5. A counting type lightning trigger electronic timer adopting the signal detection and shaping circuit of claim 1, referred to as: counting type lightning timer, which adopts dual power supply; counting type lightning timer has a ground terminal GND, two power supplies The terminals are the negative power supply terminal -Pv and the positive power supply terminal +Pv, which receive the starting gunshot signal or the light-changing signal at the beginning of the section and the optical-changing signal at the end of the section. Value setting function, and has LED status indication, LED time display and timing clearing function, straight mode and loop mode selection function; it is characterized in that: the counting thunder light timer is composed of a regulated power supply, a signal detection and shaping circuit, a counting display , edge-pulse converter, wire-controlled clock, counting initial value setting dial switch, switches S0~S3 and resistors R1 and R2, the regulated power supply is connected to the external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and the power supply with stable output voltage+ Vp and -Vp are connected to the signal detection and shaping circuit, the counting display, the edge-pulse converter and the wire-controlled clock, the signal detection and shaping circuit inputs the sound signal of the starting gun or the light-changing signal of the beginning of the section and the light-changing signal of the end of the section, and the output area Segment pulse signal, the input terminal CK of the counting display is connected to the output terminal XP of the signal detection shaping circuit, and the input segment pulse signal; the normally open and normally closed terminals of the single-pole double-throw switch S3 are respectively connected to the power supply +Vp and -Vp, and the common terminal is connected to the counting The counting direction control terminal U/D of the display, the switch S1 and the resistor R1 are connected in series and then connected across the power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the reset terminal RST of the counting display, and the switch S2 and the resistor R2 are connected in series and then crossed It is connected between the power supply +Vp and -Vp, and its common terminal is connected to the counting terminal PE of the counting display, and the 12-digit counting initial value setting dial switch with pull-up resistance is included, and the common terminal of the pull-up resistance is connected to the power supply +Vp , The common end of the dial switch is connected to the power supply -Vp, 12-bit exclusion and the common end of the dial switch is connected to the counting initial value setting input port PXYZ of the counting display, and the counting display counts the input pulses from the initial value and Display the counting value. When counting down, the counting display outputs a single pulse signal in the interval from the initial value N to counting to 0. When counting up, the counting display outputs a single pulse signal in the interval starting from the initial value N to counting to 999; single pole double throw switch The normally open terminal of S0 is connected to the output terminal XP of the signal detection and shaping circuit, the normally closed terminal is connected to the output terminal PK of the counting display, and the common terminal is connected to the input terminal SP of the edge-to-pulse converter. Mode, when the normally closed end of the switch S0 is turned on, the Leiguang timer is in the loop mode, the edge-pulse converter outputs a double pulse signal corresponding to the front and rear edges of the input single pulse signal, and the input terminal YP of the wire-controlled clock is connected to the edge-pulse converter The output terminal DP is connected, the wire-controlled clock starts timing at the beginning of the leading edge pulse signal, and stops timing at the beginning of the trailing edge pulse signal. At the same time, the timing time is displayed in the LED time display window of the wire-controlled clock. When re-measurement is required, reset or set the counter , and the timer is reset to zero through the reset button; the count The edge-to-pulse converter, regulated power supply, and wire-controlled clock of the type lightning timer are the same as the corresponding units of the simple type lightning trigger electronic timer described in claim 2. 6. The counting type thunder timer according to claim 5, characterized in that: the counting display is composed of a pulse counter, a decoding driver, a pulse cycle display, a reverse buffer U21 and U22, and the counting of the pulse counter The pulse input terminal CK, the counting pulse output terminal PK, the counting direction control terminal U/D, the reset terminal RST, the number setting terminal PE, and the counting initial value setting input port PXYZ are the corresponding ports of the counting display, and the counting value output of the pulse counter Port QXYZ is connected to the BCD code input port SXYZ of the decoding driver, the seven-segment code output port TXYZ of the decoding driver is connected to the seven-segment code input port RXYZ of the week number display, the common port COM of the week number display is connected to the positive power supply +Vp, and the counting direction The control terminal U/D is connected to the input terminal P1 of the cycle number display, and at the same time connected to the input terminal P3 of the cycle number display through the reverse buffer U21, and the count pulse output terminal PK is connected to the input terminal P2 of the cycle number display through the reverse buffer U22, The positive and negative power supply terminals of the pulse counter, the decoding driver and the reverse buffer are respectively connected to the positive and negative power supply +Vp and -Vp of the counting display; Composed of current-limiting resistors, the LED digital tube adopts a common anode form, and the common terminals of the three digital tubes are connected together as the common terminal COM of the cycle number display. The current resistance corresponds to the seven-segment code pin part: a1~g1, a2~g2, a3~g3 form the seven-segment code input port RXYZ of the week number display, and the pins corresponding to the decimal point: p1, p2, p3 are also drawn out for use; The above-mentioned decoding driver is composed of three BCD to seven-segment code decoding drivers. Output pin part: a1～g1, a2～g2, a3～g3 constitute the seven-segment code output port TXYZ of the decoding driver, and the power supplies of the three BCD to seven-segment code decoding drivers are connected to the power supply terminals +Vp and -Vp; the pulse counter has two forms of synchronous counter and asynchronous counter; the synchronous counter is composed of three preset add-subtraction DEC counters, one OR gate, two D-type flip-flops, one NOR gate, three The counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter, the counting direction control terminal U/D, the reset terminal RST, and the terminal with the same name as the set terminal PE are connected together as the corresponding function control terminal of the pulse counter, and the lowest bit is the carry/borrow input of the DEC counter X. The terminal CI is connected to the power supply -Vp, and its carry/borrow output terminal CO is connected to the carry/borrow input terminal CI of the high-level DEC counter Y, and the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the high-level DEC counter Y is connected to a higher The carry/borrow input port CI of a DEC counter Z, the carry/borrow input port CI of the DEC counter is connected to CO to form a chain structure, and the preset data input ports PX1~PX4, PY1~ of the three DEC counters PY4, PZ1～PZ4 form a pulse counter The counting initial value setting input port PXYZ of the pulse counter, the counting value output port QX1~QX4, QY1~QY4, QZ1~QZ4 of the three DEC counters form the counting value output port QXYZ of the pulse counter, and the clock input port CK of the flip-flop B is connected to the high bit The carry/borrow output terminal CO of the DEC counter Z, the data input terminal D of the flip-flop B is connected to the power supply +Vp, the set terminal SET of the flip-flop B is connected to the power supply -Vp, the reset terminal RST of the pulse counter and the set terminal PE are two A signal is output through the OR gate operation and simultaneously contacts the reset terminal RST of flip-flop B and the set terminal SET of flip-flop A, the clock input terminal CK of flip-flop A is connected to the counting pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter, and the data input of flip-flop A The terminal D is connected to the power supply -Vp, the reset terminal RST of the trigger A is connected to the power supply -Vp, and the two input terminals of the NOR gate are respectively connected to the output terminal Q of the trigger B and the output terminal Q of the trigger A, or the output of the NOR gate The terminal is connected to the pulse output terminal PK of the pulse counter, and the power supply of the DEC counter, OR gate, D-type flip-flop, or NOT gate can be preset to the power supply terminal +Vp and -Vp of the pulse counter; the asynchronous counter consists of three It is composed of preset addition and subtraction DEC counter, one OR gate, two D-type flip-flops, and one NOR gate. The connection method is basically the same as that of the synchronous counter. The difference is that the counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter and the carry/borrow input The connection method of the output terminal CI and CO, the carry/borrow input terminal CI of the three DEC counters are all connected to the power supply -Vp, the count pulse input terminal CK of the lowest DEC counter X is connected to the count pulse input terminal CK of the pulse counter, and Its carry/borrow output terminal CO is connected to the counting pulse input terminal CK of the DEC counter Y of the higher one, and the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the DEC counter Y of the higher one is connected to the counting pulse input terminal of the DEC counter Z of the higher one CK, so that the counting pulse input terminal CK and the carry/borrow output terminal CO of the DEC counter can be preset to form a chain structure. 7. An intelligent lightning-triggered electronic timer adopting the signal detection and shaping circuit of claim 1, referred to as: intelligent lightning timer, which adopts dual power supply; intelligent lightning timer has a dual-channel structure and has a grounding terminal GND, two power supply terminals, negative power supply terminal -Pv and positive power supply terminal +Pv, receive the starting gun sound signal or the light change signal of the start point of the section, the light change signal of the end point of the section, and use the miniature keyboard to set or input data, and has LED Status indication, LED week number/time display output data information; it is characterized in that: the intelligent Leiguang timer is composed of a regulated power supply, two sets of signal detection and shaping circuits, a single-chip microcomputer system, a miniature keyboard, two week number/time displays, and a resistor R1 Composed of R2 and diodes D1~D4, the regulated power supply is connected to the external input power supply +Pv and -Pv, and the power supply with stable output voltage +5V and -5V is connected to the signal detection and shaping circuit, while the +5V power supply is connected to the single-chip computer system for signal detection The shaping circuit inputs the starting gunshot signal or the optically variable signal at the beginning of the section and the optically variable signal at the end of the section, and outputs the pulse signal of the section. Between the input terminals ZP1 and ZP2, diodes D3 and D1, D4 and D2 are connected in series and connected between the power supply +5V and ground GND, and their common terminals are respectively connected to the input terminals ZP1 and ZP2 of the microcontroller system, resistors R1 and R2 and diodes D1～D4 complete the signal transmission and level conversion functions, the keyboard interface of the single-chip microcomputer system is connected with the miniature keyboard, the two display interfaces of the single-chip microcomputer system are respectively connected with two cycle number/time displays, and the single-chip microcomputer system sets the working mode or Change the working parameters, the single-chip system drives the number of weeks/time display to display the pulse count value, time amount and related working status; the number of weeks/time display adopts a four-digit eight-segment LED digital tube display with a double-dot separator in a scanning form , the miniature keyboard adopts a 3×3 scanning form keyboard, and the 9 keys of the keyboard are: ←, →, ↑, ↓, confirmation, mode, number setting, reset clearing, setting full range, and the display in the scanning form and Scanning keyboards help reduce the number of wires connected to the interface. 8. A double-linear automatic timing track adopting the simple lightning trigger electronic timer as claimed in claim 2 or the intelligent lightning trigger electronic timer as claimed in claim 7. It adopts a multi-channel structure and has two competition channels, one The equipment channel and two routing channels are characterized in that: the double linear automatic timing runway is composed of a simple or intelligent thunder timer, a beam pointing adjuster and a double linear runway structure. The runway structure consists of a bottom plate Z1 and a side plate Composed of Z2, base plate Z3, cover plate Z4 and partition Z5, two side plates and one base plate form an H-shaped structure, the upper space is the competition channel, and the lower space is the wiring channel, and the two H-shaped structures are fixed on the bottom plate. A certain space is reserved between the two H-shaped structures as the equipment channel. The wiring channel and the equipment channel are closed or separated by a partition. On the side panel near the two ends of the equipment channel, the Leiguang timer is placed in the equipment channel, and its reset button, LED indicator light and time display window or wire-controlled clock are partly installed on the cover plate to facilitate observation and operation. The laser is at one end It is fixed in the opening of the side plate, and the other end is placed in the beam pointing adjuster. The photoreceptor is placed in the opening of the opposite side plate where the laser beam irradiates. The photoreceptor, laser and thunder timer pass through the wiring channel and equipment channel line connection; the beam pointing adjuster has two forms: angle-bend fixed type and direct-fixed type, and its beam pointing adjustment method is divided into X type and Y type. The angle-bend fixed type beam pointing adjuster consists of Round tube X4, adjusting screw X2, corner bend X5, fixed screw X3, the round tube is radially opened with two rows of screw holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, one row of screw holes is used to fix the corner bend to adjust the entire beam pointing The device is firmly fixed on the side plate of the runway, and the other row of screw holes is used to adjust the direction of the laser beam with the adjustment screw; the directly fixed beam pointing adjuster consists of a T-shaped tube X1, an adjustment screw X2, and a fixed screw X3 Composition, the end surface of the T-shaped tube and the cylindrical surface are provided with screw holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The screw holes on the end surface are used to firmly fix the beam pointing adjuster on the side plate of the runway, and the screw holes on the cylindrical surface are used to cooperate with the adjustment screw. Nails adjust the direction of the laser beam. 9. A double flat ring type automatic timing track adopting the counting type lightning-triggered electronic timer as claimed in claim 5 or the intelligent lightning-triggered electronic timer as claimed in claim 7, which adopts a three-channel structure and has two competition channels And an equipment channel, characterized in that: the double-flat ring automatic timing runway is composed of a counting type thunder timer or an intelligent thunder timer, a beam pointing adjuster and a double flat ring runway structure, and the runway structure is composed of a base H1, The outer plate H3, the inner plate H2, the cover plates H4 and H5, and the partition H6 are composed. The outer plate and the inner plate form a flat ring structure with a fixed relative distance, that is, the distance between the curve and the straight track is the same, and the two flat ring structures are fixed. On the bottom plate, a certain space is reserved between the two flat ring structures as the equipment channel. The upper part of the equipment channel is sealed by the cover plate, the front and rear are sealed by the partition plate, and the upper opening of the flat cylinder surrounded by the inner plate is also sealed by the cover plate; the beam points to The adjuster is installed on the inner panel close to the two ends of the straight road, the thunder timer is placed in the equipment channel, and its reset button, LED indicator light, week number display and time display or wire-controlled clock are partly installed on the cover plate to facilitate For observation and operation, one end of the laser is fixed in the opening of the side plate, the other end is placed in the beam pointing adjuster, and the photoreceptor is placed in the opening of the opposite side plate where the laser beam irradiates; the beam pointing adjuster and the right The light beam pointing regulators of the double linear automatic timing runways described in Requirement 8 are identical. 10. A double-dumbbell-shaped automatic timing track adopting the counting type lightning-triggered electronic timer as claimed in claim 5 or the intelligent lightning-triggered electronic timer as claimed in claim 7. It adopts a three-channel structure and has two competition channels and An equipment channel is characterized in that: the double dumbbell-shaped automatic timing runway is composed of a counting type thunder timer or an intelligent thunder timer, a beam pointing adjuster and a double dumbbell-shaped runway structure. The ring-shaped automatic timing track is basically the same, the difference is that the structure of the double-dumbbell-shaped automatic timing track needs the outer panel to be expanded in the curve part to allow the largest car traveling on the straight road to pass the track smoothly. The car body can also move smoothly in the curve, that is: the board spacing of the curve is larger than that of the straight road, and the inner diameter of the outer plate of the curve is the mold of the inner diameter of the outer plate of the double flat ring curve and the maximum length of the car body, that is: both The square root of the sum of squares; the beam pointing adjuster is consistent with the beam pointing adjuster of the double linear automatic timing runway described in claim 8.

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