The axle-mounted brake disk device
Technical field
The utility model is about a kind of axle-mounted brake disk device, especially about a kind of particularly axle-mounted brake disk device of rail vehicles such as high speed, quasi high-speed passenger train, goods train, light rail, subway of rail motor set, railroad train that is used for.
Background technique
At present, rail motor set, the train particularly foundation brake of rail vehicles such as high speed, quasi high-speed passenger train, goods train adopt disc brake more, also have the brake rigging of a spot of urban rail transit vehicles such as subway, light rail also to adopt disc brake.The effect of disc brake is when vehicle is implemented braking, the rubbing surface that makes brake lining vertically compress brake disc produces frictional force, produce braking moment thus, kinetic energy and potential energy during with vehicle movement are converted into heat energy, thereby reach the purpose that makes vehicle deceleration or parking.
Disc brake is divided into axle-mounted brake disk device and the brake disk mounted device two big classes of wheel.Wherein take turns brake disk mounted device and generally include two braking disk rings, two braking disk rings are separately fixed at the both sides of wheel, and when implementing braking, brake lining vertically compresses braking moment that the braking disk ring produces and can be directly passed to wheel and reach braking effect.The axle-mounted brake disk device is that brake disc is fixed on the axletree by braked-disc hub, and when implementing braking, the braking moment that brake pad imposes on disk ring will pass to braked-disc hub by adpting flange, pass to axletree by braked-disc hub again and reach braking effect.
At present, along with the raising of rail traffic vehicles motion speed, kinetic energy sharply increases, and the heat energy that produces during braking also increases greatly, and huge braking heat load can make brake disc produce very big temperature gradient, and produces thermal stress thus; And inevitably can there be certain defective in brake disc inside usually owing to reasons such as manufacturing process, and the ringing of uneven temperature and stress will make brake disc produce microscopic crack.If microscopic crack expands to a certain degree under the effect of factors such as thermal fatigue, fatigue fracture will take place in brake disc, thereby causes accident to produce, and greatly influences the traveling security energy.
In addition; when the brake disk mounted device of installation shaft; at first to the adpting flange of brake disc and the abutted flange of braked-disc hub be fastenedly connected by bolt; and then by certain mode with braked-disc hub and axletree interference fit be assembled together; when dismounting, need pull down the braked-disc hub that is interference fitted on the axletree together with the hard row of brake disc by the powerful thrust in outside equally; through regular meeting braked-disc hub and axletree are caused damage; therefore in the middle of the installation and removal process, all need very careful; influence the manufacturing efficiency of vehicle, also increased cost of production.
The model utility content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of axle-mounted brake disk device, the rubbing surface of brake disc is heated evenly, accelerates the flowing velocity of the inboard cooling air of brake disc, the cooling effectiveness when improving braking, heat exchange performance is good, reduces the generation of hot crack.
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of axle-mounted brake disk device, can make the brake disc residual unbalance, of high speed rotating reach minimum, thereby reduce the workload of dynamic balance running to greatest extent, has improved manufacturing efficiency.
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model also is to provide a kind of axle-mounted brake disk device, can dismantle the axle-mounted brake disk device more easily, and can not damage axletree and braked-disc hub.
A kind of axle-mounted brake disk device that the utility model provides, include brake disc and the braked-disc hub that is connected with brake disc, be equipped with adpting flange in the described brake disc, described brake disc comprises two disk rings and is located at a plurality of axial radiating fin between two disk rings, all radiating fin equidistant even distributions between two disk rings form air-flow path by the space between each radiating fin.
Preferably making in whole radiating fin every three adjacent radiating fin be equilateral triangle distributes.Described air-flow path radially or circumferentially distributes.Described radiating fin is cylinder or cylindroid.
The circulation of whole radiating fin and adpting flange is symmetrically distributed, and wherein all the circulation symmetry angle of radiating fin is 120 degree, and the circulation symmetry angle of adpting flange is decided according to the quantity of adpting flange.
Preferred described brake disc is the integrally casting moulding, described each disk ring comprises inward flange and outward edge, except being in the inside and outside edge of disk ring and being the complete cylinder that the cross-section area shape is identical and area equates near the radiating fin a part of radiating fin of adpting flange, and this part radiating fin that is in inside and outside edge of disk ring and close adpting flange is that cross section is the imperfect cylinder of aforementioned complete cylinder part.
According to such scheme, the utility model is significant with respect to the effect of existing structure:
One, the inboard of two of axle-mounted brake disk device of the present utility model disk rings is provided with the radiating fin of axial distribution, and preferably all radiating fin are equilateral triangle each other and evenly distribute according to per three adjacent radiating fin, therefore the heat radiation point on two disk rings distributes even fully, the suffered thermal stress of disk ring equates the temperature rise unanimity of brake disc rubbing surface during braking; And all the space between the radiating fin constitutes air-flow path, therefore in the middle of the process of wheel rotation, the hot air flow that braking is produced will be by radially enforceable discharge with along circumferentially carrying out sufficient heat exchange, promotion is in heat in the radial direction, the thermoconvection of cool air, accelerate the flowing velocity of the inboard cooling air of brake disc, cooling effectiveness when improving braking, heat exchange performance is good, superheating phenomenon can not appear, thereby reduced the hot crack that produces by thermal stress gradient reason, the working life of having improved brake disc.
Two, the radiating fin of axle-mounted brake disk device and adpting flange adopt the circulation symmetric arrays, can make the brake disc residual unbalance, reach minimum, have improved manufacturing efficiency greatly.
Three, the utility model is provided with the oil hole of ring surface in it on braked-disc hub, and be provided with the oil storage annular groove that is connected with oil hole at interior ring surface, therefore when needs dismounting brake disc, the removable shutoff at oil hole place down, in oil hole, annotate certain high pressure oil, high pressure oil enters the oil storage annular groove of ring surface in the braked-disc hub by oil hole, thereby high pressure oil forms one deck oil film between the surface of contact of the interior ring surface of braked-disc hub and axletree, little gap of generation between the interior ring surface that this oil film makes braked-disc hub and the axletree outer surface; Be relatively easy to a braked-disc hub by certain thrust device at last and whole brake disc arrangement together disassembles from axletree, can not cause damage to axletree and braked-disc hub, compare with traditional axle-mounted brake disk device, axle-mounted brake disk device dismounting of the present utility model is convenient, move soft, safe and feasible has improved manufacturing efficiency greatly, has reduced cost of production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereogram of axle-mounted brake disk device of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of brake disc of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of the brake disc among Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the stereogram of braked-disc hub of the present utility model.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of Fig. 5.
The sectional view of another braked-disc hub that Fig. 7 provides for the utility model.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1,2,3, shown in 4, the utility model provides a kind of axle-mounted brake disk device, comprise brake disc 1 and braked-disc hub 2, be equipped with a plurality of adpting flanges 11 in the brake disc 1, braked-disc hub 2 is outer to be equipped with the abutted flange 21 corresponding with adpting flange 11, inside has interior ring surface 23, the bolt hole that passes adpting flange 11 and abutted flange 21 by a plurality of bolts 3 relends and helps block 33 with pressed seat 34 brake disc 1 to be fixedlyed connected with braked-disc hub 2, connecting bolt 3 cooperates self-locking nut 31, pad 32 is loosening to prevent bolt 3, and the effect of block 33 is to prevent pressed seat 34 twistings.Wherein, brake disc 1 is the integral body of casting, comprise two disk rings 12 and one-body molded a plurality of axial radiating fin 13 between two disk rings 12, the outer surface that radiating fin 13 is not set at two disk rings 12 is a rubbing surface 14, each disk ring 12 comprises inward flange 121 and outward edge 122, improvements of the present utility model are: all radiating fin 13 equidistant even distributions between two disk rings 12, can make the heat radiation point so evenly, disk ring 12 suffered thermal stress equate the temperature rise unanimity of brake disc rubbing surface 14 during braking; And all the space between the radiating fin 13 constitutes air-flow path 15, air-flow path 15 can not have clearly channel direction and boundary line, as long as can make air communication crosses, like this in the middle of the process of wheel rotation, hot air flow can be by air-flow path 15 by enforceable discharge radially, promote heat in the radial direction, the thermoconvection of cool air, accelerate the flowing velocity of brake disc 1 inboard cooling air, cooling effectiveness when improving braking, heat exchange performance is good, superheating phenomenon can not occur, thereby reduce the hot crack that produces by thermal stress gradient reason, the working life of having improved brake disc.
Need illustrate at this, be subject to the finite boundary of disk ring 12 and the requirement of casting technique, preferred making except being in the inside and outside edge 121,122 of disk ring and being the identical and complete completely cylinder of area of shape of cross section near the radiating fin a part of radiating fin 131,132 of adpting flange 11 13, and the cross section that is in this part radiating fin 131,132 of inside and outside edge 121,122 of disk ring and close adpting flange 11 is the part of complete cylinder cross section, is incomplete cylinder.If in fact can avoid the inside and outside edge 121,122 of adpting flange 11 and disk ring 12, also can not will this part radiating fin 131,132 be set as imperfect cylinder with partial cross-section.Why need incomplete radiating fin 13 be set at the inside and outside edge 121,122 of disk ring with near adpting flange 11 places, purpose is still in order to guarantee radiating fin 13 equidistant even distributions fully, and is unlikely to for the outer edge 121,122 of avoiding adpting flange 11 and disk ring 12 to be provided with in these positions relative rare or intensive radiating fin 13.
In a preferred embodiment, radiating fin 13 is a cylinder, certainly radiating fin 13 is except being that cross section is the circular cylinder, it is that radiating fin 13 is cylindroid that cross section also can adopt ellipse, and long axis of ellipse is radially distributed, can guarantee enough wide air-flow path 15 like this, consider castability certainly, the radiating fin of other streamlined cross-section also can adopt.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, all every three adjacent radiating fin distribute according to equilateral triangle B in the middle of the radiating fin 13, be connected flange 11 isolated radiating fin 13 adjacent not comprising herein, this characteristic distributions, make the straight line L1 of whole radiating fin 13 at any direction of disk ring 12, L2, L3, L4 is last can both in a row to be arranged, just the quantity of radiating fin 13 can be different on the straight line of all directions, the distributed layout that this adjacent three radiating fin 13 are equilateral triangle has not only guaranteed whole radiating fin 13 equidistant even distributions, the circulation that has also realized whole radiating fin 13 is symmetrically distributed, cycle perspective A shown in Figure 4 is 120 degree, promptly on the annulus area of whole disk ring 12, radiating fin 13 on 120 degree sectorial areas distributes identical, the non-columned radiating fin 131 of cutting off a part from the quilt near adpting flange 11 can obviously be found out this loop distribution, simultaneously this equilateral triangle distributes and also can make air-flow path 15 be rendered as according to radially or the distribution in a row of the linear type of circumferential direction, for example right side indication air-flow path 15 is pressed the direction distribution extension of revolution to (tangent line) among Fig. 4, and indication air-flow path 15 in left side distributes by the radial direction of extending from disk ring 12 centers, in fact because all radiating fin 13 all linearly distributions in any direction, therefore make that the gap that constitutes air-flow path 15 between the radiating fin 13 also is that straight line distributes, that is to say on the straight line of all directions, air-flow path 15 all is rectilinear, in the middle of the process that hot air flow is thrown out of, can not be subjected to the obstruction of air-flow path 15, be very beneficial for cold like this, hot air flow carry out sufficient heat exchange; The adpting flange 11 of brake disc 1 also is circulation and is symmetrically distributed, and the adpting flange 11 of brake disc 1 as shown in fig. 1 comprises 9, and the circulation symmetry angle is 40 degree, and the circulation symmetry angle of adpting flange 11 is decided according to the quantity of its setting.The cyclic symmetric structure of this kind radiating fin 13 and adpting flange 11 can reduce the workload of the dynamic balance running in the manufacturing process greatly, make the brake disc residual unbalance, reach minimum, this can reduce the damage to relevant portions such as axletrees to greatest extent for the high-speed track vehicle.In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of each disk ring 12 is 20~25mm, the diameter of columniform radiating fin 13 is 16~23mm, the matching design of the diameter of the thickness of this disk ring 12 and cooling fin 13, can increase the thermal capacity of disk ring 12 and radiating fin 13 as much as possible, increase heat dispersion, but be unlikely to make whole axle-mounted brake disk device overweight.
Shown in Fig. 2,5, another improvements of the present utility model are: be provided with oil hole 22 on braked-disc hub 2, this oil hole 22 extends to the interior ring surface 23 of braked-disc hub 2, and offers the oil storage annular groove 24 that is communicated with this oil hole 22 on interior ring surface 23.
As shown in Figure 6, in the utility model, oil hole 22 can only comprise one, be located at abutted flange 21 near, can not have influence on the intensity of braked-disc hub 2, oil hole 22 can be in tilted layout, and for example can comprise outside tapped hole section and the pore section that is connected with the tapped hole section, and oil hole 22 can be the unthreaded hole of stepped change certainly; Oil storage annular groove 24 also can only comprise a closed loop, oil hole 22 directly is connected with this oil storage annular groove 24, this oil storage annular groove 24 is preferably placed at the stage casing of the axial length of braked-disc hub 2, but because of the axial length of braked-disc hub 2 little usually, even therefore oil storage annular groove 24 is not positioned at the positive center of axial length, also can not cause the unbalance stress at braked-disc hub 2 two ends.
As shown in Figure 7, in one embodiment, oil storage annular groove 24 also can comprise two rings, the two ends of ring surface 23 in two ring oil storage annular grooves 24 can parallelly be distributed in, oil hole 22 is except being located near the abutted flange 21, but can also be located on the nave collar 29 of braked-disc hub 2 and vertical axis setting and be isometrical unthreaded hole, this moment, oil hole 22 was connected with one of them oil storage annular groove 24, be connected by connecting conduit 27 between the two ring oil storage annular grooves 24, can make the axial two ends of braked-disc hub 2 simultaneously stressed like this.Two ring oil storage annular grooves 24 also can be arranged in a crossed manner, just needn't offer separately to have connected conduit 27, do not provide graphic.Oil storage annular groove 24 also is not limited to the annular of sealing in addition, also can adopt spirality.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, particularly enter between the fitting surface of braked-disc hub 2 and axletree by oil hole 22 for fear of foreign matter at the impurity such as metal fillings that produce in the middle of the running, axletree and braked-disc hub 2 are caused damage, plug is provided with shutoff 28 in oil hole 22, the tapped hole section of corresponding oil hole 22, shutoff can be adopted the stifled screw hole section that is screwed onto oil hole 22 of metal screw, seals oily orifice 22 when usual.
When needs dismounting axle-mounted brake disk device, pull down the shutoff 28 at oil hole 22 places, in oil hole 22, annotate certain high pressure oil, high pressure oil enters the oil storage groove 24 of ring surface 23 in the braked-disc hub 2 by oil hole 22, high pressure oil forms one deck oil film between the surface of contact of the interior ring surface 23 of braked-disc hub 2 and axletree then, this oil film makes and produces a little gap between braked-disc hub 2 and the axletree, just can be relatively easy to a braked-disc hub 2 by certain simple thrust device afterwards and brake disc 1 together disassembles from axletree, can not cause hard power damage to axletree and braked-disc hub 2, the last bolt 3 that connects brake disc 1 and braked-disc hub 2 that unclamps again, just can separate brake disc 1 and braked-disc hub 2, finish the dismounting task, dismantle very convenient, move soft, safe and feasible has improved manufacturing efficiency greatly, has reduced cost of production.
The above only is an embodiment of the present utility model, can not limit the scope that the utility model is implemented with this certainly, and all equivalent variations and modifications of doing according to content of the present utility model all should belong to protection domain of the present utility model.