The specific embodiment
Principle of design of the present utility model is as follows:
Can the heat tracing of asphalt tanker cargo tank be the indispensable guarantee that normally operate of asphalt tanker, also be gordian technique in the asphalt tanker design.Present stage, the integral structure cargo tank, because of it constitutes a hull structure part, and bear identical load together with contiguous hull structure in the same manner, exist a large amount of members to get in touch with ship outer casing, certainly exist many " heat bridges ", also there are many not too perfect aspects in the design means of its heat tracing system, and thermal energy consumption is bigger; And the cargo tank of employing absolute construction not with the hull structure direct connection, can wholely be laid heat-insulation layer, and the supporting structure between cargo tank and the hull also can use adiabatic supporting, reaches " zero heat bridge ", has reduced thermal energy consumption; The temperature distortion of cargo tank simultaneously can not influence the distortion and the STRESS VARIATION of hull structure; During fabrication, the cargo tank of absolute construction can independently be built, and integral body is gone into the cabin then, and it is convenient to build, and shortens production cycle.
According to principle of design, the utility model adopts following structure: a kind of novel ship that is used for conveying asphalt, comprise hull, deck in ship structure 1 below is the cargo hold district, the cargo hold district is provided with more than one independent cargo tank 2, be provided with the heat tracing system in the independent cargo tank 2, independent cargo tank 2 places on the interior double bottom 3 of cargo hold, supporting 4 by the bottom fixes, independent cargo tank 2 outside faces are provided with the hot clad 5 of edge, vertical position also is provided with anti-dumping stake 6 in the top, cabin of independent cargo tank 2, and the left and right sides is provided with anti-floating stake 7.
As shown in Figure 1, the shaped as frame vertical support is adopted at free-standing cargo tank end in cargo hold; About with fore-and-aft direction, transverse and longitudinal keyway location is established at vertical position in cargo tank bottom.Therefore, the cargo tank decapacitation produces outside the small expansion or displacement, is fixed in the cargo hold, can not give birth to big moving or rocking with ship, can not have a negative impact to transverse stability.Cargo tank cargo hold except vertical support and about with fore-and-aft direction fixing, vertical position also is provided with the anti-dumping stake and the left and right sides is provided with anti-floating stake in the cargo tank top.Cargo tank is movable belowdecks, and the leeway of existing expansion when loading hard pitch can guarantee again to prevent when boats and ships ride the sea jar to shake on a large scale, and just in case floating of preventing during damage jar.Thereby also protect Cargo Oil jar and heating piping, particularly expansion pipe not to be damaged preferably.Lay the thermal insulation material insulation in the cargo tank appearance, warm material adopts the novel rare-earth thermal insulation coatings, cargo tank is the installing framework earlier, table is coated with last layer rare earth heat insulation coating earlier out of my cabin, and then on composite cotton fabric, be coated with last layer rare earth coating again and be attached to tank body in appearance, the outside covers with the zinc-iron plate, with taking out heart nail and screw retention.Installing high-strength thermal insulation backing plate in the shaped as frame vertical support at the end is avoided cargo tank bottom and metal direct contact in cargo hold, reduces and conducts heat.
The utility model when implementing,
1. the yardstick of independent cargo tank according to the requirement of asphalt tanker Specification book to load carrying ability and efficient loading coefficient, in conjunction with the selection of ship type, according to the crane capacity of shipbuilding factory, can be established the independent cargo tank of more than one suitable yardstick.
2. the version of independent cargo tank and support; as shown in Figure 1, the cargo tank in that the cargo hold district by the double shells protection is provided with the self tape insulation is supported on the cushion block of the composite material on the bottom structure; not with the hull structure direct connection, allow cargo tank because of the slip of expanding with heat and contract with cold.
3. the heating of independent cargo tank and heat-insulation system.Pitch is the heavy body goods, the temperature that shuttle asphalt suits is about about 160 ℃, when temperature is lower than 150 ℃, cargo oil pump just can not be in good operative condition, the temperature controlling scope is generally between 120 ℃~180 ℃, and the temperature of heating accurately control criterion is as the criterion the pitch of the different trades mark with the goods performance data that the pitch trade mark or the supplier of acknowledgement of consignment provides, it is different that the temperature controlling of heating is required, and the temperature controlling of heating standard is exactly the goods performance data according to this kind pitch.The temperature of heating is too low, and pitch solidifies easily again, causes the emptying difficulty; The temperature of heating is too high, not only wastes energy, and might cause asphalt performance to change.Ultimate temperature when working as surpassing offloading facilities very easily causes the damage of these equipment.Too high temperature can cause that also front-end volatiles remaining in the pitch evaporates in a large number, and the gas that these flash-points are very low has greatly increased the hazard level of boats and ships.The Cargo Oil warming-up device of asphalt tanker generally uses hot oil boiler, hot oil boiler uses be the special oils of high-flash, high-solidification point as heat-conducting medium, heating medium is fed heating coil in the cargo oil tank realizes form cargo oil heating.According to condition of service, can be divided into heating and insulation.Heating, be before the port in due course between in to cargo oil heating, be useful for the oil carrier of path length; Insulation is continuously Cargo Oil to be incubated, and is useful for the short oil carrier in course line.
4. the warm material of independent cargo tank and structure.The cargo-carring pitch of asphalt tanker must be with liquid form transportation, thus pitch shipment temperature up to 160 ℃~180 ℃; Yet the following side plate of the Outer Bottom Plating and the water surface is in the seawater, and temperature may remain on about 0 ℃, and ambient temperature is temperature when liquid well below it also.In order to reach the temperature that transport point needs, then need cargo tank is taked necessary provision for thermal insulation.It is heat insulation that independent cargo tank should adopt authorized thermal insulation material to carry out, and after thermal insulation material laid, the temperature in (under the barometric pressure, air themperature is 0 ℃, and sea temperature is 0 ℃) cargo hold place should be no more than 180 ℃ at ambient temperature.Generally can reach the raising effect of heat insulation from two aspects: one for by adopting warm material, lays heat-insulation layer; Two for optimizing the supporting structure (being the bottom supporting structure) between hull and the cargo tank, reduces " heat bridge " that produce because of the metal direct contact.In the process of ship design,, select multi-form warm material according to different shipowner's needs, technical requirements, cost control.Generally, select that coefficient of thermal conductivity is little, proportion is little, flame retardance good, serviceability temperature is high, easy construction, warm material that cohesiveness is good just can make the deadweight displacement ratio of boats and ships improve, the thermal energy consumption reduction, thus improve the economic index of boats and ships greatly.
6000 tons of asphalt tanker design examples:
This ship is the petroleum asphalt carrier that single screw, medium speed diesel engine drive, and has following layout: continuous upper deck from head to the tail; Whole cargo hold district topside is established continuous double shells; Hull bottom part in cargo hold district constitutes double shielding to cargo hold by cargo hold base plate and bottom plank, and the height in this space satisfies the requirement (the hull bottom structure is a single bottom construction) of international anti-pollution public 13F bar rule; If first building; If poop; Upper deck is a straight camber; Establish loading and unloading goods collector station and deck house in the ship; If have bulb-bowed inclination bow; Square tail; Afterbody is located in the cabin; Residential development is located at afterbody, establishes three layers of deck house on poop deck; Operator's compartment is located at the top of residential development; Engine opening separates with residential development with chimney.Hull is established six road watertight transcerse bulkheads hull is divided into as the lower part: first Peak Tank and chain locker; Emergency fire pump cabin and first ballast chamber; Cargo hold district (all by the double shells protection) is divided into former and later two cargo compartment section, be the goods pump room between two cargo compartment section, each cargo compartment section is not the independently cargo hold structure with the hull structure weld together, each cargo compartment section is divided into the cargo hold of 4 watertights again, the goods pump room is arranged between two cargo compartment section, goods pump room both sides are fuel oil tank, and there are double shells and double bottom protection in its outside; The rear of cargo hold is located in the cabin, is provided with various essential Oil Tanks in the cabin, and fresh water tank is located at the stern aft peak, and wing tank and head and the tail Peak Tank are special ballast tank.The cargo tank of self tape insulation is supported on the cushion block of the composite material on the bottom structure, does not allow cargo hold because of the slip of expanding with heat and contract with cold with the hull structure direct connection.
Length overall: about .106.84m
Length between perpendiculars: 101.50m
Molded breadth: 17.60m
Moldeed depth: 10.10m
Designed draft: 6.50m
Gross tonnage 1969: about 5,600GT
Goods: the Cargo Oil that this shipping is carried is petroleum asphalt and finished oil, and the flash-point of these liquid goods is greater than 60 ℃.To 1.04t/m3, the transport temperature of Cargo Oil is up to 200 ℃ to this sea article oil density scope by 0.924t/m3.
Main frame: oil consumption every day is about 12.7t/d when the CSR operating mode.
The speed of a ship or plane and endurance: this ship is when designed draft 6.5m and main frame horsepower output are CSR (2813Kw), and under the situation of hull cleaning, deep water, no stormy waves, the service speed with 15% navigation nargin is about 13.35kn.The endurance of this ship is filled at fuel oil tank, when the speed of a ship or plane is 13.35kn, is about 5500n.mile
Load carrying ability: in proportion was 1.025 seawater, the load carrying ability during designed draft was about 6000t, and deadweight of vessel is that boats and ships are 1.025 o'clock at corresponding draught and sea water specific gravity, the difference between displacement (comprising ship hull plate and attached body) and the light weight.
Volume of compartment:
1) the about 5840m of cargo oil tank (100% loads)
3
2) fuel oil tank (comprising daily cabin and clarification cabin) (100% loads) about 360m
3
3) heavy diesel cabin (comprising daily cabin and clarification cabin) (100% loads) about 80m
3
4) the about 180m of fresh water tank (100% loads)
3
5) the about 2770m of ballast chamber (100% loads)
3
The deep fat device:
1) full-automatic heat thermo oil boiler: 2, the 1000KW/ platform
2) heating medium: thermal conductance oil
3) hot oil temperature (outlet/inlet): 210 ℃/260 ℃
2. design feature:
Cargo hold district (all by double shells protection) is divided into former and later two cargo compartment section, is the goods pump room between two cargo compartment section, adopts independent cargo tank, and each cargo compartment section is established an independent cargo tank, independent cargo tank be not with the absolute construction of the hull structure chain of rings.Independently cargo tank is supportted by the heat insulation composite material cushion block of being located at the bottom structure top, allows the cargo tank distortion of expanding with heat and contract with cold.Cargo tank is the high strength steel welded structure.Each cargo tank is divided into 4 cargo holds by watertight bulkhead in length and breadth.The structural shape of cargo hold is a longitudinal framing.Structural elements comprises that top, sidewall, end wall and bottom floor all be located at cargo hold inside, but bottom longitudinal is located at the cargo hold outside.Certain insulating space is arranged between cargo tank outside and the hull structure.The tank top floor should be provided with enough discharge orifices, in the hope of help the sweeping of goods as far as possible.Cargo tank can bear quiet, the dynamic load of 200 degree high-temp liquid goods.The hatch coaming of cargo hold directly leads to more than the upper deck.Be provided with on the hull structure on cargo tank both sides and top and prevent the cargo tank floating installation.Registration device is arranged at the bottom of cargo tank.On cargo tank, should establish the eye plate of lifting usefulness, and the structure at installing eye plate position is strengthened concentrated force when bearing lifting.
The deep fat heating circuit that independent cargo tank cargo oil heating and insulation are made up of the fuel oil hot oil boiler is specialized in the cargo oil tank cargo oil heating and is used, in each cargo oil tank, establish 2 groups of (parallel) carbon steel heating coils, when insulation, use 1 group, when heating up, use 2 groups can meet the demands.Hand valve is all adopted in each import and export of cargo tank heating system, with convenient each cargo tank liquid goods temperature is controlled separately.In the cargo hold district, the deep fat heating main is after the thermal insulation cladding, below the upper deck that is laid in.Cargo Oil pipeline and Cargo Oil gate valve all adopt the heating of deep fat companion line pipe, and cargo oil pump and suction strainer etc. all has the deep fat heating chamber.Heating coil in the cargo tank lays by the bilge as far as possible, and " U " shape pipe clamp that it is used and bolt (dual) material are corrosion-resistant steel.The novel rare-earth thermal insulation coatings is adopted in the cargo tank insulation, bulkhead is the installing framework earlier, and table is coated with last layer 10mm rare earth heat insulation coating earlier out of my cabin, and then is coated with last layer 10mm rare earth coating again is attached to tank body in appearance on the thick composite cotton fabric of 60mm, the outside covers with the zinc-iron plate, with taking out heart nail and screw retention.
The Cargo Oil loading and unloading adopt 2 electric vertical two screw pumps as cargo oil pump, and are arranged in the midship cargo pump room, reach the purpose that changes pump capacity with the revolution of regulating electrical motor by converter plant.Cargo pipe line allows two cargo oil pumps to work simultaneously.Cargo oil pump is contained in the cargo pump room, and driving motor has in the cabin of good ventilation above being contained in pump, links to each other with pump by versatile spindle.The suction main of every cargo oil pump and discharge header are respectively DN250mm and DN200mm.2 cargo oil pumps can be worked simultaneously, and when 1 cargo oil pump work, wantonly 1 pump can aspirate the liquid goods of wantonly 1 cargo oil tank.Be provided with independent injection piping above deck, liquid goods can inject in the cabin by the head end of cargo main to the ad hoc injection arm of each cargo oil tank from the cabin.By cargo oil pump, the liquid goods in each cabin all can carry out the close cycle running.Every cargo oil pump outlet pipe place all establishes bypass pipe.Cargo oil pipe in cargo oil tank adopts and is welded to connect, and pump room and cargo compartment section are isolated empty cabin etc. and located available flange and connect.Used bolt, nut and the support of cargo oil pipe is corrosion-resistant steel.The pad that cargo oil pipe is used adopts and strengthens graphite cake or suitable material.The maintenance of cargo oil pump should not affect other pipe except the pipe that is directly connected in the pump housing need be dismantled.The flow velocity of liquid goods in cargo oil pipe generally should not surpass 5m/s.The oil suction pipe of each cargo oil tank is contained in the afterbody in cabin, its end dress suction bell.Cargo oil system all adopts hand sluice valve, and valve body material is a cast steel, and spool and valve rod are corrosion-resistant steel.