CN101544272A - Liquid underwater storage, loading and ex-unloading device - Google Patents

Liquid underwater storage, loading and ex-unloading device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101544272A
CN101544272A CN200810024564A CN200810024564A CN101544272A CN 101544272 A CN101544272 A CN 101544272A CN 200810024564 A CN200810024564 A CN 200810024564A CN 200810024564 A CN200810024564 A CN 200810024564A CN 101544272 A CN101544272 A CN 101544272A
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liquid storage
seawater
ballast tank
cabin
tank
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CN200810024564A
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吴植融
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Individual
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Priority to CN200810024564A priority Critical patent/CN101544272A/en
Priority to CN200980111045.3A priority patent/CN101980917B/en
Priority to GB1018000.8A priority patent/GB2470887B/en
Priority to AU2009229435A priority patent/AU2009229435B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2009/000320 priority patent/WO2009117901A1/en
Publication of CN101544272A publication Critical patent/CN101544272A/en
Priority to US12/890,495 priority patent/US8292546B2/en
Priority to NO20101494A priority patent/NO340503B1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention provides a liquid underwater storage, loading and ex-unloading device. The device comprises a fixed type and a diving type, wherein each of the types consists of four parts, namely an underwater combined storage tank, a pump unit module, a single-point anchoring device and an electric and remote control work station, and the four parts are connected through cables, pipelines and hoses to form a 'closed air pressure communicated seawater and liquid storage constant specific mass flow automatic displacement system'. Operation weight in processes of storage liquid loading and unloading are constant, and the gravity can only change along the vertical Z axis of the center of buoyancy of the facility. The device can realize that: 1) a liquid product produced by an offshore device or a land device is received and stored; 2) a liquid product transported by a shuttle tanker is received and stored; and 3) the device is matched with an offshore production facility to form a complete system for producing, storing and outward transporting offshore petroleum and natural gas. The device has strong applicability, can be used for shallow water, deep water, small, large and marginal oil-gas fields, and can be transferred to other oil-gas fields to be reused conveniently.

Description

Liquid water stores down, loads and outer handler
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to storage under water, loading and the outer handler of marine oil industrial liquid product (as crude oil, liquid hydrocarbon, methyl alcohol etc.), it is used for storage and when loading and unloading of marine crude oil, and its function is equivalent to a kind of oil depot under water and crude oil receives, the sea " harbour " of outward transport.The present invention be three of applicant's PCT applications of being about to declare " under the liquid water storage and transportation apparatus and based on its offshore platform " divide an application first divide an application.
Background technology
In marine petroleum development and the production process, the storage of crude oil and outward transport are crucial links.Marine crude oil the most frequently used in the world today stores and handling facilities, except that ship shape floating storage and offloading device (FLOATING STORAGE OFFLOADING UNIT---FSO) store as mono-crude oil and unload outside facility exists, other all is component part of offshore oil gas production facility in-to-in.Existing marine crude oil stores and handling facilities mainly comprises:
(1) has the fixed platform (or artificial island) of oil storage function above the water surface and supporting offshore unloading facility.As the jacket storage tank platform of shallow water area and supporting shuttle tanker alongside emptying platform.Because this notion is backward in technique, less economical, can only be used for shallow water, and oil reserve is little, only under few and specific conditions, be used.
(2) the gravity type boat davit fixed platform of band seabed petrol storage tank is as concrete gravity platform and supporting single point mooring unit.This technological concept is extensively approved by industry, and is applied to many off-shore oil fields.Because storage tank under water, it belongs to storage under the water (face).The concrete gravity platform directly is seated on the sea bed by self gravitation, and its most frequently used form is that the cellular pedestal that device (jar) is combined into is described by the upright concrete cylinder that several are used for oil storage in the platform bottom.With above-mentioned form concrete platform other pattern similar, that be seated at sea bed by gravity oil storage platform under water, as the fixed platform or the jack-up platform of the heavy pad of various band oil storages; Heavy available cement concrete of pad or steel are built, and the more above-mentioned usually concrete platform of its oil reserve is little, and the quantity of engineering example is also fewer.With regard to oil storage technological process under water, most gravity type boat davit oil storage platforms adopt the way oil storage of profit direct replacement: because crude oil severe is less than water and water insoluble, seawater and crude oil coexist in the jar, oil is on water, the hydraulic pressure the bottom goes out oil from top during the storage tank oil-feed, then antithesis, the oil top ejects water from the bottom during outer oil transportation, realizes the displacement of crude oil and seawater isometric(al).The oil storage method of this profit direct replacement is referred to as wet type oil storage (WET STORAGE) or the formula oil storage (WATER PILLOW STORAGE) of water pillow.Also have indivedual cases to adopt traditional dry type oil storage (DRY STORAGE) method in the gravity platform of band oil storage function: the above space of pasta is full of unreactable gas such as nitrogen in jar, to guarantee that extraneous air can not enter, along with crude oil is pumped out, the total weight of device reduces thereupon; Platform need add enough Fixed Ballasts in advance, and after guaranteeing that all jar crude oil that holds is by the pump emptying, platform still keeps enough gravity stably to be seated on the sea bed.Employing and the damp process similarly another kind of isometric(al) method of replacing of " oily water squeezing goes out " and " water squeezes oil and goes out " are, in storage tank, establish the capsule bag of oil proof rubber and so on material in addition, oil storage in bag, the outer jar appearance of bag is full of seawater, oil and water are isolated, and rely on the distortion of capsule bag to realize the displacement of oil and water.This way is usually used in the less Submarine of oil reserve, does not see as yet to be used for the report that the big liquid measure of marine oil industry stores.
(3) ship shape Floating Production, storage handler (FLOATING PRODUCTION STORAGEOFFLOADING UNIT---FPSO) and ship shape floating storage handler (FSO).The two all comprises a hull similar to oil tanker, single-point or spread mooring device and crude oil exporting device, and commercial oil is stored in a plurality of cargo oil tanks of hull interior.The crude oil storage method of FPSO and FSO belongs to the water surface and stores: because the waterplane area of hull is big, when the crude oil turnover causes that carrying capacity changes, the corresponding automatic variation of main dependence hull draft, be aided with again in case of necessity that ballast chamber manually advances, draining, realize the balance of buoyancy aid gross weight and buoyancy, keep necessary draft simultaneously, to guarantee the stability of buoyancy aid.In cargo oil tank crude oil loading and the uninstall process, must be full of the unreactable gas of pressure-fired in the cabin, in case extraneous air enters.Crude oil unloading, ballast tank seawater unloading (discharge) all need the bilge pump or the submersible pump of configure dedicated in the cargo oil tank.FPSO was used widely since the seventies appearance from last century, had become one of main flow form of current offshore oil development production facility.Rely on big waterplane area, other floating mode facility of the identical oil storage principle with FPSO and FSO of employing also has multiple patent, as conical float tank type platform, cylindrical buoy platform, polygon pillar buoy platform etc., they mostly adopt the mooring of many catenary anchoring legs.But these platforms are not mostly used by the real approval of industry, have the project that cylindrical buoy platform (SSP---SEVAN STABILIZED PLATFORM) has several place in operations and implementing only.For the wet type oil storage, we also can belong to the oil storage method that above-mentioned FPSO and FSO adopted traditional dry type oil storage, to be different from dry type oil storage method of the present invention.
(4) with the floating platform of oil storage function under water.From reducing wave the hydrodynamic angle of storage tank buoyancy aid is considered that underwater storage tank obviously is better than water surface storage tank.Along with the exploitation of deepwater offshore fields, people have dropped into very big energy to the research and development with the floating platform of oil storage function under water.For example, make semisubmersible platform part under water buoyancy tank become oil storage chamber, with the SPAR platform under water the part volume of compartment design-build of cylindrical shell become oil storage chamber, make them have the oil storage function.For another example, the someone proposes the notion of " box-shaped SPAR---the BOX SPAR " of semisubmersible, and it comprises a casing that adopts the rectangular shape of damp process oil storage, and subduction in enough degree of depth (about as 40 meters) under water.In addition, also have the technological concept and the design of some other forms.The oil storage method under water that above-mentioned several buoyancy aid adopts still is two kinds: 1) wet type oil storage.Because crude oil and seawater exist severe poor, the displacement of wet type oil storage isometric(al) must cause system weight to change, must corresponding automatically regulating ballast water, constant with the total weight that installs in the maintenance oil and water displacement process.2) conventional dry oil storage.Other establishes ballast chamber, and the corresponding ballast water that subtracts quality such as increasing automatically with the increase and decrease of crude oil in the crude oil tank is to keep gross weight constant (being quality replacements such as crude oil and seawater).More than with the notion and the scheme of the buoyancy aid of oil storage function under water, removing at SPAR platform and semisubmersible has the practical engineering application case exception of indivedual special purposes, as is used for the prolongation test etc. of development evaluation well, and other technological concept there is no the report of practical application.
Store required cabin or jar because above-mentioned four class facilities all have crude oil, liquid storage technology and facility are discussed for convenience, all their unifications are referred to as marine storage tank below this paper.With regard to storage tank with respect to water surface site and whether fixing with regard to, the marine storage tank of the employed crude oil of offshore oil gas industry can be divided into four kinds: water surface upper fixed storage tank, water surface floating storage tank, floating storage tank and be fixed in the storage tank of sea bed under water under water.The marine storage tank of ripe, that be widely used in marine oil industry at present crude oil only has two big classes, one class is the water surface floating storage tank that has big waterplane area, adopts the oil storage of conventional dry method, and another kind of is the seabed gravity type boat davit standing tank that adopts the damp process oil storage.All there are intrinsic separately shortcoming in this two classes jar and the oil storage flow process that is adopted thereof.
Water surface floating storage tank, as being the buoyancy aid of representative with FPSO and FSO, because waterplane area greatly, the facade yardstick is big under water, the influence of environmental conditionss such as wind-engaging, wave, ocean current and sea ice is very big, suffered environmental load is very big, and it needs strong anchor mooring positioning system.Simultaneously, the fatigue problem of its float structure, anchoring leg system and compliant riser system also all must be taken seriously.The conventional dry oil storage method that existing water surface storage tank is adopted has two necessary conditions: the one, must be equipped with that indifferent gas generates, during emptying indifferent gas replenish cover, the system of indifferent gas discharging during oil-feed, discharge entrained oil gas and both wasted also and pollute.The pressure of indifferent gas should be controlled at only a little more than in the atmospheric scope.This is because only keep internal positive pressure, just can avoid extraneous air to enter; On the other hand, the cargo oil tank of FPSO and FSO is mainly slab construction, and bigger slightly external and internal pressure difference just may cause the plate structure distortion.The 2nd, need to be equipped with ballast pumping system usually.For the storage tank of floating under water of the conventional dry method oil storage of adopting quality replacements such as crude oil and ballast seawater,, make this storage tank to design and to build by external pressure vessel (EPV) because the pressure of jar interior indifferent gas is lower than the sea water static pressure power of tank wall; It is the problem that design must think better of that the steel tank skin is subjected to the issuable unstability of external pressure, and therefore the laid down cost of steel can will increase, particularly for the deep water buoyancy aid.Steel floating storage tank under water adopts the oil storage of conventional dry method therefore to be restricted.Shortcomings such as in addition, FPSO and FSO also exist system and facility more complicated, and production cycle is long partially, and cost is expensive partially.
The wet type oil storage method of gravitation tank and the also all existence shortcoming and restrictions separately of method of being located and being fixed in sea bed by gravity.
The damp process oil storage exists four shortcomings and restriction.
The first, crude oil and seawater direct contact, the treated and monitoring of the seawater that is displaced, though its oleaginousness is lower than the effluent standard that standard allows, but " slightly " of accumulation pollution remains a problem all the year round.
The second, because the severe of crude oil and seawater is poor, the displacement of isometric(al) flow rate makes that the weight of system is being continually varying in the replacement process.If the effective storage capacity of crude oil is ten tons, then its weight difference can reach ton.For gravitation tank, can guarantee all can stably be seated on the sea bed by strengthening Fixed Ballast in advance at any condition lower tank.But the reverse load that the weight difference is produced then is the problem that basic design and construction must conscientiously solve.For the storage tank of floating under water that adopts the wet type oil storage, must special configuration including automatic ballast water system to offset the variation of above-mentioned weight.
The 3rd, damp process only can be used for the storage of water-fast liquid product such as crude oil, can't be used for the storage of water-soluble liquid product such as methyl alcohol.As everyone knows, the utilization of marine natural fuels and accompanying gas is the new challenge that the offshore oil construction of natural gas fields faces, and how gas is converted to the important goal that liquid (GTL---GAS TO LIQUID) is research and development.The water-soluble liquid product that GTL produced as methyl alcohol, obviously can not adopt damp process to store.
The 4th, if the crude oil on jar maritime interior waters needs heating in storage process, are the realizations that are difficult to of change because of oil-water interface.From the late nineteen eighties in last century to the nineties initial stage, a large amount of tests and research have been done for the high content of wax, high pour point and full-bodied " three height " crude oil that damp process stores China by DaLian, China Polytechnics, are difficult to solve the actual engineering that can't be applied to China because of the heating crude oil problem eventually.
The gravity storage tank that is seated at sea bed by gravity exists two shortcomings and restriction.
First, tank body acts on the reverse load of sea bed, induce horizontal sliding power that vertical force, unrestrained stream causes and capsizing moment etc. as gravity and wave, the numerical value that wherein installs weight in wet base and Fixed Ballast weight is very big usually, can reach 100,000 tons of these orders of magnitude, gravitation tank is therefore very strict to the requirement of ground carrier strip part, the processing on the sea bed basis engineering that is absolutely necessary.Sea bed foundation work difficulty is big under water, expense costliness, especially deep water.Also be difficult to meet the demands even some regional sea bed is handled, make that employing concrete gravity flat-bed development plan can not be in this area applications.
The second, need to add in addition a large amount of Fixed Ballasts in the gravity platform installation in position process, as iron sand etc., to reach the desired Operating Weight of survival condition.Because huge gravity and sea bed soil are to the flat-bed adsorption affinity, after development of the field was produced and finished, platform did not only depend on buoyancy will be difficult to float and move if do not remove Fixed Ballast, thereby is difficult to be recycled and reused for other oil field.
Summary of the invention
Shortcoming for fear of water surface top storage tank and water surface storage tank, avoid the shortcoming of conventional dry oil storage method, overcome the shortcoming and the restriction of above-mentioned wet type oil storage and gravity platform, the present invention adopts existing mature technology, and the technical scheme of accumulating under a kind of liquid water (promptly receive, store and unload outward) device is provided.It is better than and can replaces existing floating oil storage, Unloading Device (FSO); It matches with marine fixed type or Floating Production device, can form a complete offshore oil and natural gas extraction, production, drilling well and storing and transporting system, is better than also can replacing existing Floating Production oil storage, Unloading Device (FPSO).This device also can independently be built in offshore, by submerged pipeline, subsea power and control composite cable this is installed each relevant portion, and shore facilities are connected, form one and comprise under water that oil depot and marine crude oil receive, the terminal of outer shipping unit, can replace existing shore bulk plant and oil dock.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and application example.
Fig. 1 is storage, a handler diagram of circuit under the liquid water.
Fig. 2 is the inside and outside distribution of pressure line chart in tank storage liquid unit in the jar.
Fig. 3 is vertical and cylindrical list group liquid storage unit assembly jar figure, wherein: Fig. 3-the 1st, orthogonal view, Fig. 3-the 2nd, the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 3-1.
Fig. 4 is the single group of vertical petal cylindrical shape (many groups) liquid storage unit assembly jar figure, wherein: Fig. 4-the 1st, orthogonal view, Fig. 4-the 2nd, the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 4-1.
Fig. 5 is vertical (circle) cellular many group liquid storage unit assembly jar figure, wherein: Fig. 5-the 1st, half of orthogonal view, Fig. 5-the 2nd, the birds-eye view of Fig. 5-1.
Fig. 6 is vertical (rectangle) cellular many group liquid storage unit assembly jar figure, wherein: Fig. 6-the 1st, half of orthogonal view, Fig. 6-the 2nd, the birds-eye view of Fig. 6-1.
Fig. 7 is that horizontal platoon cylindrical shape is organized liquid storage unit assembly jar figure more, wherein: Fig. 7-the 1st, the birds-eye view of Fig. 7-2, Fig. 7-the 2nd, the A-A section-drawing of Fig. 7-1.
Fig. 8 is built in that fixed type (liquid) stores at the bottom of the seat under water on bank, handler figure.
Fig. 9 is under water submerged floating (liquid) the storage handler figure supporting with floating production of hydrocarbons facility.
Among the figure:
Electric power and control composite cable; 2. electric power supply and remote control workstation; 3. marineline; 4. pump pack module: 4-1 conventional pump pack module; 4-2 submersible pump pack modules; 5. seawater de-ballast pump; 6. seawater ballast pump; 7. liquid storage loading pump; 8. liquid storage import switch valve group; 9. liquid storage is failed the switch valve group outward; 10. liquid storage unloading (outer defeated) pump; 11. compliant riser under water; 12. single-point device; 13. shuttle tanker mooring fast; 14. flotation hose; 15. shuttle tanker; 16. liquid storage unit; 17. liquid storage unit automatic switch valve; 18. seawater ballast tank; 19. compound type fluid reservoir; 20. composite can permanent ballast tank: 20-1. cohesive types bottom permanent ballast tank; Shape bottom, 20-2. evagination shirt rim permanent ballast tank; 21. liquid storage cabin; 22. hogging end socket; 23. ring-type arch end socket; 24. flat-plate closure; 25. petal circular cylinder body; 26. petal circular cylinder body inner radial framework; 26a. petal circular cylinder body inner radial watertight bulkhead; 27. the emersed epitaxial structure that composite can is attached; 28. skirt piles under water; 29. subsea template; 30. single-point device mooring leg; 31. submerged floating composite can mooring leg; 32. the submerged floating composite can is chain-wales under water; 33. offshore production facility.
The present invention consists of (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) by four major parts:
First, comprise combined type fluid reservoir 19 (hereinafter to be referred as composite can) under water and attached snag, Or navigation system (STATION KEEPING SYSTEM). Composite can is by permanent ballast tank 20 and one group or many Group liquid storage unit 16; Every group of liquid storage unit is by a seawater ballast tank 18, a liquid storage cabin 21 and a connection The automatic switch valve 17 of top, above-mentioned two cabin inert gas forms. It is logical that end fixed underwater composite can is sat in the seabed The skirt piles under water 28 of crossing the tank periphery are fixed on the sea bed. The submerged floating composite can relies on navigation system 31 moorings under water On sea bed.
Second portion, a pump pack module 4, it is by seawater ballast pump 6, seawater de-ballast pump 5, liquid storage loading pump 7, liquid storage unloading (outer defeated) pump 10, and corresponding pipeline, (automatic guidance) valve, field instrument, control and power element set are formed.It can be " (wet type) submersible pump pack module (SUBSEA PUMPSMODULE) " 4-2, and direct mount is on composite can under water; Also can be " (dry type) conventional pump pack module (a CONVENTIONAL PUMPS MODULE) " 4-1, be installed on the combination storage tank attached, on the emersed epitaxial structure 27 (as chain-wales).
Third part, the single point mooring unit 12 of a mooring shuttle tanker 15: it can be built with the composite can one, selects for use as SALM or similar single-point device; Other single-point device that also can adopt any and place sea situation to adapt, as CALM, STL etc., above the storage tank or near separately build.For the good marine site of environmental conditions, also can adopt the spread mooring device to replace single point mooring unit.
The 4th part, a workstation 2 that electric power supply is provided and carries out remote manipulation for this device, it can be built on the bank, also can be built in supporting for it fixed type of this device or floating offshore production facility 33, on platform.
Above-mentioned four parts by corresponding subsea power and control composite cable 1, marineline 3 and under water compliant riser 11 be connected to form single unit system, form one " airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow system " jointly.This flow system can be realized: 1). receive and store, or,, regularly flow to shuttle tanker 15 outward transports by single point mooring unit 12 again, as shown in Figure 1 as crude oil from the liquid product that onshore applications is produced from offshore production facility 33; Wherein, shuttle tanker is connected with single point mooring unit with flotation hose 14 by mooring fast 13.Under this operating mode, the present invention promptly becomes a kind of marine fluid storage and outer defeated terminal.2). regularly receive liquid product such as the crude oil that ships by shuttle tanker 15 by single point mooring unit 12, store also and be transported to land needed place by marineline 3 incessantly, perhaps flow to the oil tanker outward transport of transfer again by single point mooring unit 12.Under this operating mode, the present invention promptly becomes a kind of marine liquid and receives, stores and the dispensing terminal, has and the identical function of existing shore bulk plant and oil dock.
Fixing under water different with localization method according to aforementioned composite can, the present invention comprises two types of different device forms:
1. sit end fixed type (liquid) storage, handler---UNDERWATER GROUNDEDSTORAGE LOADING ﹠amp under water; OFFLOADING UNIT (UGSLO), the composite can under water 19 of (referring to Fig. 8) this device is fixed on the sea bed by the skirt piles under water 28 of tank body outer.
Under water submerged floating (liquid) store, handler---UNDERWATER FLOATINGSTORAGE LOADING ﹠amp; OFFLOADING UNIT (UFSLO), the composite can under water 19 of (referring to Fig. 9) this device is suspended in the underwater proper depth, by overhanging line, or (partly) side tension cords (SEMI-TAUT, TAUT) position fixing system 31, anchor on sea bed.
Airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow system
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of replacement process.Be illustrated as one group of liquid storage unit 16 of composite can 19 in-to-ins, the top unreactable gas in its seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin 21 is connected by the automatic switch valve of opening 17.When liquid storage enters, ballast water is discharged, or liquid storage is defeated outward, when ballast water enters these two kinds of different work, switch valve 17 is opened automatically, and the airtight band of liquid top presses unreactable gas to interconnect in seawater ballast tank 18 and the liquid storage cabin 21, forms same fully enclosed isobaric system.In the process of above-mentioned two kinds of operations, when alerting signal appears in system, as liquid level, the pressure abnormity in any cabin in two cabins, or emergency condition such as accident; Perhaps, when above-mentioned two kinds of operations stop and no longer carrying out follow-up storage, when unloading operation, switch valve 17 equal SELF CL, two cabin gas-phase spaces become separately independently system.Two autonomous systems are important measures that prevent that the composite can damage from causing liquid storage to leak and pollute.As the reduction procedure of Fig. 1 replacement process, automatic switch valve 17 also can be cancelled, and allows the top unreactable gas in seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin 21 directly be communicated with.The emergent safety of reduction procedure is obviously not as the former.According to the pressure of unreactable gas be greater than or less than its external sea hydrostatic pressure, this flow process comprises two kinds of design plans, wherein only the discharge flow process of ballast seawater and liquid storage has difference slightly.The part that two kinds of schemes are identical is as follows: ballast seawater enters seawater ballast tank 18 by seawater ballast pump 6 by inlet filter; Liquid storage enters liquid storage cabin 21 by liquid storage loading pump 7, switch valve group 8 is equipped with in the import of liquid storage loading pump 7, by switching, both can receive the liquid product that onshore applications or offshore platform are produced, also can receive the liquid commodity that shuttle tanker 15 ships by single-point device 12.Different parts are respectively, for the pressure of the unreactable gas scheme less than its external sea hydrostatic pressure: ballast seawater is discharged by seawater de-ballast pump (diving pump) 5, it is outer defeated that liquid storage unloads (outer defeated) pump (submersible pump) 10 by liquid storage, and their sucking hole submergence depth should be guaranteed the flooded suction height that the fall head of internal gas pressure formation allows greater than this pump; For the pressure of unreactable gas scheme: as long as the pressure of unreactable gas is enough big greater than its external sea hydrostatic pressure, ballast seawater and liquid storage can rely on the pressure of gas can realize effluxing, seawater de-ballast pump 5 and liquid storage output pump 10 can be cancelled, or as just standby.The switching of switch valve group also is equipped with in the outlet of two scheme output pumps 10, both liquid storage can be transported to shuttle tanker 15 outward transports through single-point device 12, also liquid storage can be transported on the bank by marineline 3.Identical in order to realize the mass flowrate that liquid storage flows into and ballast seawater is discharged, two scheme liquid storage loading pumps 7 and seawater de-ballast pump 5 all the automatic backflow pilot piping by separately and (or) autocontrol method enforcement such as pump speed adjusting links.This autonomous cruise speed system and method are routine techniques, and Fig. 1 does not show bright.Equally, identical with the mass flowrate that ballast seawater flows in order to realize the liquid storage outflow, two scheme liquid storages unloading (outer defeated) pump 10 also passes through to implement interlock with above-mentioned identical autonomous cruise speed system with seawater ballast pump 6.If the severe of liquid storage and ballast seawater is different, the condition that the mass flowrate of the two is identical is that volumetric flow rate of the two and the severe of the two are inversely proportional to.In other words, different with the displacement of water isometric(al) flow rate with wet type oil storage system oil under the liquid storage condition different with ballast seawater severe, liquid storage of the present invention and seawater are not isometric(al) flow rate displacement, and total weight in wet base of installing in the replacement process is constant.
The only surplus a spot of liquid of the bilge when guaranteeing ballast seawater and liquid storage emptying, the sucking hole of seawater de-ballast pump 5 and liquid storage de-ballast pump 10 all should be positioned at the bottom in cabin.In order to adapt to the needs of liquid storage heating and heat supply insulation, the discharge orifice of liquid storage loading pump 7 has two: the bottom is directly sent in a bottom that is positioned at liquid storage cabin 21, the liquid storage after the heating, adapts to the operating mode of normal feed liquor; Another is positioned at the top in liquid storage cabin 21, when liquid storage need carry out heat supply insulation circulation time, discharge orifice at the bottom of the closing chamber, open top, cabin discharge orifice, liquid storage after the heating enters from the top, cabin through liquid storage loading pump 7, simultaneously, be expelled to external heat exchanger (Fig. 1 does not show bright) heating etc. the cold liquid storage of quality through liquid storage de-ballast pump 10, the liquid storage loading pump 7 of flowing through again enters the top, cabin and realizes heat cycles.
The pressure of gas and the variation of volume in seawater and the liquid storage replacement process middle deck
Because not isometric(al) flow rate displacement, seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin 21 top unreactable gass are communicated with the total gas volume in back to be changed in the displacement operation process.
If: seawater ballast tank 18 total volume of compartment Vwt, hold Vwg comprising the gentle overhead bin of raffinate volume of compartment Vwd, available capacity Vwe; Liquid storage cabin 21 total volume of compartment Vlt comprise equally that wherein the gentle overhead bin of raffinate volume of compartment Vld, available capacity Vle holds Vlg.By waiting quality replacement to have:
Vle/Vwe＝γw/γl (1)
Ignore Temperature Influence, the pressure of fully enclosed unreactable gas only changes with its volume-variation:
If liquid storage severe γ l is less than seawater severe γ w, 21 liquid storages reach the highest design liquid level when the liquid storage cabin, and when simultaneously ballast tank 18 ballast seawaters reached minimum design liquid level, unreactable gas total volume minimum, pressure were the highest.
Vgmin＝Vwe+Vwg+Vlg (2)
On the contrary, when liquid storage cabin 21 liquid storages reach minimum design liquid level, seawater ballast tank 18 ballast seawaters reach the highest design liquid level simultaneously, and unreactable gas total volume maximum, pressure are minimum.
Vgmax＝Vle+Vwg+Vlg (3)
It is approximate by desirable gas equation,
Pmin/Pmax＝Vgmin/Vgmax (4)
Composite type (1)--(4) can get inequality:
1>Pmin/Pmax>γl/γw (5)
That is, when liquid storage severe during less than seawater severe, unreactable gas is minimum to be slightly larger than the severe ratio of liquid storage and seawater with ratio top pressure.
Inert gas pressure setting in the distribution of bulkhead external and internal pressure and the cabin in the liquid storage handling process
The variation of seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin 21 tank skin external and internal pressures in the liquid storage handling process of Fig. 2 .1～2.6 expressions " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit.Fig. 2 .1 represents that liquid storage zero load (slack tank) in the liquid storage unit, liquid storage cabin 21 liquid levels are minimum, and simultaneously, ballast water is fully loaded, the highest operating mode of seawater ballast tank 18 water levels.Fig. 2 .4 represents that liquid storage is fully loaded with (canful) in the liquid storage unit, liquid storage cabin 21 liquid levels are the highest, simultaneously, and ballast water unloading, the operating mode that seawater ballast tank 18 water levels are minimum.Fig. 2 .2 and 2.5 represents respectively to be lower than under jar outer seawater hydrostatic conditions distributing line that liquid storage zero load and at full load seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin 21 pressure inside change with the depth of water when the pressure of noble gas in the cabin.Fig. 2 .3 and 2.6 represents respectively to be higher than under jar outer seawater hydrostatic conditions distributing line that liquid storage zero load and at full load seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin 21 pressure inside change with the depth of water when the pressure of noble gas in the cabin.Force value shown in the figure is absolute value (directivity of pressure or external pressure in not considering): on behalf of the depth of water, the Z axle distribute, and also represents the distributing line of 0 pressure simultaneously; Skew lines ABCD is a jar off-lying sea hydrostatic pressure distributing line, and its slope is a seawater severe value; Broken line EFG is seawater ballast tank 18 internal pressure distributing lines, and wherein perpendicular line EF is the isobaric line of force of gas, and skew lines FG is a ballast water pressure line in the cabin, and slope is seawater severe γ w; Broken line HIJ is liquid storage cabin 21 internal pressure distributing lines, and wherein perpendicular line HI is the isobaric line of force of gas, and skew lines IJ is a liquid storage pressure line in the cabin, and slope is liquid storage severe γ l.Fig. 2 .2 and 2.5 broken line EFG are positioned at the right of ABCD, and the interior pressure that shows seawater ballast tank 18 is less than outside hydrostatic pressure, and seawater ballast tank 18 should design by external pressure vessel (EPV); Fig. 2-2 broken line HIJ is positioned at the right of EFG, shows that liquid storage cabin 21 internal pressures are equal to or less than the internal pressure of outside seawater ballast tank 18, and liquid storage cabin 21 should be designed by external pressure vessel (EPV); Fig. 2 .5 broken line HIJ is positioned at the left side of EFG, shows that liquid storage cabin 21 internal pressures are equal to or greater than the internal pressure of outside seawater ballast tank 18, and liquid storage cabin 21 should be designed by internal pressure vessel.Fig. 2 .3 and 2.6 broken line EFG are positioned at the left side of ABCD, and the interior pressure that shows seawater ballast tank 18 is greater than outside hydrostatic pressure, and seawater ballast tank 18 should design by internal pressure vessel; Fig. 2 .5 broken line HIJ is positioned at the right of EFG, shows that liquid storage cabin 21 internal pressures are equal to or less than the internal pressure of outside seawater ballast tank 18, and liquid storage cabin 21 should be designed by external pressure vessel (EPV); Fig. 2 .6 broken line HIJ is positioned at the left side of EFG, shows that liquid storage cabin 21 internal pressures are equal to or greater than the internal pressure of outside seawater ballast tank 18, and liquid storage cabin 4 should be designed by internal pressure vessel.The composite can liquid storage unit that was arranged in 21 minutes for seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin, its the seawater ballast tank 18 external and internal pressure regularities of distribution are identical with " jar in jar " seawater ballast tank 18, its the liquid storage cabin 21 external and internal pressure regularities of distribution are similar with seawater ballast tank 18, but the oblique line slope of broken line IJ is liquid storage severe but not seawater severe.
As previously mentioned, according to seawater ballast tank 18 and oil storage chamber 21 inner inert gas pressures is that the present invention provides two kinds of airtight air pressure communication type seawater of slightly having any different and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow system respectively less than or greater than Mare Tranquillitatis hydraulic pressure out of my cabin.
First kind, inner inert gas pressure is lower than outside seawater hydrostatic pressure: in order to make the pressure difference value minimum of seawater ballast tank 18 inside and its outside seawater, and guarantee that inner inert gas pressure is lower than outside seawater hydrostatic pressure, the unreactable gas top pressure should be set at the residing external sea hydrostatic of seawater ballast tank 18 inner tops in Fig. 1 flow process, promptly equals Fig. 2 .5 horizontal line section B ' B (E).Seawater de-ballast pump 5 and liquid storage de-ballast pump 10 needs to adopt submersible pumps in this flow system, and what pump inlet flooded suction height should be greater than inert gas pressure in hydrostatic pressure and the cabin out of my cabin is poor.The composite can of first kind of flow system should adopt material compressive strength to be higher than tensile strength, be suitable for building the material of external pressure vessel (EPV), as concrete constructions.It should be noted that Fig. 2 .1 and 2.5 shows the external pressure maximum that seawater ballast tank and liquid storage bilge portion bear.In order to give full play to the intensity of tank body material, can improve the setting value of unreactable gas top pressure in the flow process slightly, make tank body top and adjacent part bear some malleations, then the external pressure that bears reduces corresponding jar end.For this reason, the setting depth of water of unreactable gas top pressure can suitably move down from former seawater ballast tank 18 inner tops in Fig. 1 flow process.
Second kind, inner inert gas pressure is higher than outside hydrostatic pressure: in order to make the pressure difference value minimum of seawater ballast tank 18 inside and its outside seawater, and guarantee that inner inert gas pressure is higher than outside hydrostatic pressure, the unreactable gas minimal pressure should be set at the outside seawater hydrostatic pressure with the same absolute altitude of the seawater ballast tank 18 pot bottom raffinate waters surface in Fig. 1 flow process, promptly equals Fig. 2 .6 horizontal line section C ' C.Seawater de-ballast pump 5 and liquid storage de-ballast pump 10 no longer need to adopt submersible pump in this flow system.Moreover, the in-to-in inert gas pressure is enough big when the jar cabin, " a gas spring piston " that rigidity is enough big has been formed at ballast seawater and liquid storage top, two de-ballast pump 5 in the flow process and 10 also can be cancelled, and directly rely on the pressure energy of unreactable gas that ballast seawater or liquid storage are drained into the desired position.The composite can of second kind of flow system should adopt Tensile strength to be higher than compressive strength, be suitable for building the material of internal pressure vessel, builds as steel.
The merits and demerits of airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow system
The one this flow process of is a kind of new dry process liquid storage flow process that is different from the conventional dry method.Corresponding to four shortcomings of damp process oil storage flow process, its advantage is: liquid storage does not contact with ballast seawater, has avoided pollution; Not only crude oil can be stored, also water-soluble liquid such as methyl alcohol can be stored; Guarantee that Deng quality replacement the Operating Weight that installs in the loading and unloading operation process is constant; Can realize the insulation heating of liquid storage easily.In addition, compare with the conventional dry method, this flow process unreactable gas is airtight, does not need in the handling process to replenish or efflux, and avoids oil and gas loss, helps environmental protection.
The 2nd, is because this flow process seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin 21 in-to-in inert gas pressures are to set with reference to the outside hydrostatic pressure of their depth of water of living in; After setting was finished, the variation of ballast tank 18 and the inside and outside differential pressure of liquid storage cabin 21 in operating process was mainly relevant with the elevation change of its internal water (liquid) position, and no longer relevant with the outside depth of water.The method that inert gas pressure is set in the cabin of the present invention makes that the inside and outside differential pressure in seawater ballast tank 18 and liquid storage cabin 21 is all not very big, and tank skin is stressed so significantly reduce, and helps the Intensity Design of tank skin, and this is a significant advantage of the present invention.For example, be 50 meters liquid storage unit for a height, conservatively ignore the height of top pneumatic jack and bottom raffinate, storage tank inside and outside differential pressure maxim will be less than the static pressure of 50 meter water columns, about 5bar.
The 3rd. the volume of compartment ratio in this flow process seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin is approximately 1:1, and the empty volume of compartment of compound type storage tank is big, and the liquid storage available capacity is little.Empty volume of compartment makes to be installed underwater composite can and will produce very big buoyancy, may need to reinforce in addition level pressure and carry in addition balance, this seemingly individual shortcoming.But, if designed composite can or flat-bed from great, needed negative lift (the flat-bed Operating Weight deducts the difference of buoyancy) is very little or be zero, above-mentioned shortcoming will be converted into advantage.
Compound type fluid reservoir (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 3～7) under water
The present invention's compound type fluid reservoir 19 under water comprises a permanent ballast tank 20 that is positioned at pot bottom, the top of permanent ballast tank 20 is one or more groups liquid storage unit 16, and (referring to Fig. 2 .1 and Fig. 2 .4) formed by a seawater ballast tank 18, a liquid storage cabin 21 and an automatic switch valve 17 that is communicated with top, above-mentioned two cabin unreactable gas in every group of liquid storage unit.Composite can be vertical under water, also can be horizontal.What time be the common characteristics of all kinds of compound type storage tanks of the present invention below:
The seawater ballast tank of the one, liquid storage unit and liquid storage cabin all are the pressure containers that bears external pressure or interior pressure, and its form and structure should be followed the principle of design of pressure container.The base model in jar cabin is the cylindrical vessel of end band central dome end socket, ring-type arch end socket or flat-plate closure, or spherical container, or other help the version of pressure-bearing, as the petal barrel containers of plum.
The 2nd, composite can of the present invention and the facility that is installed on the jar must satisfy: Operating Weight is constant in the process of liquid storage loading and unloading, and center-of-gravity position can only change along the place, centre of buoyancy, vertical Building Z mark.For this reason, must should guarantee the geometrical symmetry of tank structure, guarantee the symmetry of loading and unloading again.
The 3rd. fall to the damage of cabin body in order to prevent weight, prevent the pollution that the cabin breakage may cause, composite can of the present invention has structurally been taked safety method, for the tank body that may be damaged, as the tank top, can adopt the double bulkhead structure, or bulkhead is strengthened especially; For another example, above tank deck, add anti-junk backplate, or the like.In addition, as previously mentioned, fluid reservoir is arranged on seawater ballast jar inside, promptly so-called " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit also is the important measures that prevent that the cabin breakage from may pollute.
The 4th. in order to guarantee the stability of composite can of the present invention in water, their centre of buoyancy all is higher than center of gravity.
" jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit
The ballast tank and the liquid storage cabin of composite can liquid storage of the present invention unit have two kinds form is set: the one, and the two separates or adjacent setting (tank body as schematically shown in Figure 1), only is used for the special design condition of minority; The 2nd, the liquid storage cabin is located at ballast tank inside, and so-called " jar in jar " is provided with (referring to Fig. 2 .1 and Fig. 2 .4), is the first-elected structure of the present invention.
" jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit comprises three kinds of forms.
First kind, cylinder type " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit, its basic structure form is that its seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin is cylindrical vessel, the liquid storage freight space is in seawater ballast tank inside, the two cylinder center's dead in line.In other words, the vertical cross-section of the horizontal section of upright tank liquid storage unit and horizontal tank liquid storage unit all is two the concentric annulus (referring to Fig. 3-2) that formed by bulkhead cross section, two cabins.The end cap of cylinder type " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit has three kinds of forms:
Flat-plate closure 24 (referring to Fig. 3-1 bottom bulkhead), seawater ballast tank is identical with liquid storage cabin bottom-to-top-height or total length, a shared end socket.
Liquid storage cabin central dome end socket 22 and seawater ballast tank ring-type arch end socket 23 (referring to Fig. 3-1 top end socket), seawater ballast tank is identical with liquid storage cabin bottom-to-top-height or total length.
Interior reservoir liquid tank and outside seawater ballast tank are used two central dome end sockets (referring to Fig. 2 .1 and 2.4) respectively, and the liquid storage cabin is all surrounded by seawater ballast tank.
The combination of different types of end socket also can be adopted in two ends, this type liquid storage unit.
Second kind, petal cartridge type " jar in jar " the single group of formula liquid storage unit, it is applicable to large diameter vertical structure (referring to Fig. 4), its basic structure form and cylinder type are similar, seawater ballast tank and its in-to-in liquid storage cabin are the vertical barrel type container, the two vertical centre axis overlaps, the horizontal section of liquid storage unit is two figures 25 concentric, that have even number circular arc " petal " (2n altogether), each " petal " is identical to the radian at center, adjacent " petal " point of connection is a radial frame structure 26 to the centre of figure line, and it is radial to make it be five equilibrium.This type liquid storage unit only comprises a seawater ballast tank and a liquid storage cabin.The end cap flat-plate closure of petal cartridge type " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit is identical with the flat-plate closure of cylinder type " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit.
The third, petal cartridge type " jar in jar " formula is organized the liquid storage unit more, it is similar that it and second kind of petal cartridge type " jar in jar " formula list are organized the liquid storage unit, and unique difference of inner structure is that radial frame structure 26 is changed to watertight bulkhead 26a, forms 2n altogether to seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin.In order to guarantee that the gravity plane coordinate is constant in the handling process, two pairs of seawater ballast tanks that the center is symmetrical link to each other with pipeline respectively with the liquid storage cabin, form n liquid storage unit altogether.All the other with above-mentioned second kind identical.
In addition, the liquid storage unit of other form can also be arranged, as spherical " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit, in-to-in liquid storage cabin and exterior seawater ballast tank are spherical container, and the two is concentric.
The permanent ballast tank of Vertical Combination jar
The effect of permanent ballast tank is according to designing requirement, the buoyancy that the balanced combination jar is unnecessary, and guarantee that the center of gravity of composite can is positioned under the centre of buoyancy.For Vertical Combination formula storage tank, permanent ballast tank is positioned at the pot bottom of composite can.The bottom permanent ballast tank of Vertical Combination jar of the present invention has two kinds of forms: first kind shown in Fig. 3-1, it is the prolongation of its top seawater ballast tank 18 cylindrical shells, the outline geometric figure of the two horizontal section is identical, promptly so-called cohesive type bottom ballast tank.Second kind shown in Fig. 4-1, be evagination shirt rim shape bottom permanent ballast tank, it is from " root " of outside " encirclement " seawater ballast tank 18, seawater ballast tank 18, liquid storage cabin 21 shared base platform 24 with its top, its radial section can be the U flute profile, and promptly the top is that we opens (no lamina tecti), is convenient to reinforce level pressure when purpose is marine the installation and carries, also can be rectangular tubular, i.e. osed top (having lamina tecti).Permanent ballast tank shown in Fig. 3 and 4 is applicable to sea bed fixed type and submerged floating underwater vertical composite can.Two kinds of versions are compared, and the advantage of evagination shirt rim is: help squeezing into of skirt piles under water and fixing for sitting end fixed type jar, help reducing washing away of bottom; For the submerged floating jar help increasing buoyancy aid hang down swing, disjunctor water added mass and the damping and the damping square of pitching and rolling three degree of freedom direction, thereby improve the motion response and the hydrodynamic performance of buoyancy aid.The Fixed Ballast that removes above-mentioned special setting also can be directly reinforced level pressure in seawater ballast tank or liquid storage bilge portion and be carried out of my cabin.
The composite can of " jar in jar " formula
The present invention relates to the composite can that vertical and horizontal totally 6 kinds of forms adopt the composite can of " in jar jar " formula and a kind of liquid storage unit internal ballast tanks and fluid reservoir branch to be arranged altogether.
Vertical and cylindrical list group liquid storage unit assembly jar (referring to Fig. 3)
This type composite can is by a cylindrical shape " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit and a cohesive type bottom ballast tank 20-1 or shape bottom, evagination shirt rim permanent ballast tank 20-2 formations; Perhaps without permanent ballast tank, and in the seawater ballast tank bottom direct reinforcing level pressure carrier material.Top, liquid storage unit and bottom bulkhead can select arbitrarily as required, as hogging end socket 22, ring-type arch end socket 23 and flat-plate closure.The advantage of this type composite can be simple in structure, the automatic replacement process of the required supporting constant specific mass flow of facility system is simple relatively because of only controlling one group of liquid storage unit.But owing to have only one group of seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin, when accident such as damage occurring, whole device must stop production, and expeditious measures is limited.For fear of damage occurring, must adopt aforesaid relevant safety method, add anti-junk backplate or the like in addition as the tank top.
The single group of vertical petal cylindrical shape liquid storage unit assembly jar (referring to Fig. 4)
This type composite can and vertical and cylindrical list group liquid storage unit assembly jar are similar, organize liquid storage unit and a cohesive type bottom ballast tank 20-1 or evagination shirt rim shape bottom permanent ballast tank 20-2 by a colored pigtail cartridge type " jar in jar " formula more and constitute; Perhaps without permanent ballast tank, and in the seawater ballast tank bottom direct reinforcing level pressure carrier material.Top and bottom are flat-plate closure 24.
Vertical cellular many group liquid storage unit assembly jars (referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6)
This type composite can is formed by vertical closely arrangement the in tank storage liquid unit in the identical cylinder type jar of several yardsticks, and its horizontal projection is enclosed within a circle or rectangle or regular hexagon.The permanent ballast tank of pot bottom can adopt shape bottom, evagination shirt rim permanent ballast tank 20-2, as shown in Figure 5; Also can adopt cohesive type bottom ballast tank 20-1, as shown in Figure 6; Perhaps without permanent ballast tank, and in the seawater ballast tank bottom direct reinforcing level pressure carrier material.The major advantage of this type composite can is that the liquid storage unit is many, and production operation is flexible, and one unit breaks down, and as damage, whole device can continue to produce.
Vertical petal cylindrical shape is organized liquid storage unit assembly jar (referring to Fig. 4) more
Unique difference of the single group of this type composite can and vertical petal cylindrical shape liquid storage unit assembly jar is the preceding inner different structure in liquid storage unit that has illustrated.
Above-mentioned four kinds of Vertical Combination jars both can be applicable to anchor fitting of the present invention, also can be used for submerging and surfacing device
The single group of horizontal cylindrical shape liquid storage unit assembly jar
Shown in one group of liquid storage unit among Fig. 7, this type composite can be cylindrical shape " jar in jar " the liquid storage unit of a horizontal positioned, and seawater ballast tank surrounds the liquid storage cabin fully, is provided with radial support structure between two cabins; Also the liquid storage cabin in the seawater ballast tank can be moved down, make the two central axis horizontal parallel, other structure is constant; This type composite can does not have independently ballast tank, and Fixed Ballast is positioned at the bottom of seawater ballast tank; If the excessive height of Fixed Ballast and contact the liquid storage cabin makes ballast water not to be communicated with from the bottom, then in Fixed Ballast, reserve connectivity slot every suitable spacing.
Horizontal platoon cylindrical shape is organized liquid storage unit assembly jar (referring to Fig. 7) more
As shown in Figure 7, this type composite can is by several transverse frame beams (not showing bright among the figure), and the single group of the horizontal cylindrical shape liquid storage unit assembly jar level that a plurality of yardsticks are identical is closely arranged and formed, and forms " bamboo raft " shape.Radial support structure between seawater ballast tank and the liquid storage cabin (not showing bright among the figure) belongs to the part of transverse frame beam.
The composite can that liquid storage unit maritime interior waters ballast tank and fluid reservoir branch are arranged
It is similar that the profile of this type composite can and structure and horizontal platoon cylindrical shape are organized liquid storage unit assembly jar more.Its seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin are monolayered vessel, and quantity is even number, and by the connection of several transverse frame beams, level is closely arranged at interval respectively; A sub-liquid storage unit (being called for short water-oil or oil-water) left-right symmetric arrangement is formed in adjacent seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin, also forms " bamboo raft " shape.With seawater ballast tank and each composite can of 4 of liquid storage cabin is example, and putting in order of they is water-oil, water-oil, oil-water, oil-water.All the time be positioned at for the center of gravity that guarantees to install in the operating process on the Z axle at place, composite can centre of buoyancy, from both sides begin with about synthetic one group of each sub-liquid storage unit, form a liquid storage unit jointly; It does not have independently ballast tank, and Fixed Ballast is positioned at the bottom in seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin, forms a horizontal platoon of abnormal type and organizes liquid storage unit assembly jar more.
Above-mentioned 3 kinds of horizontal composite cans only can be applicable to anchor fitting of the present invention, and only limit to shallow water area.
The selection of composite can material
The manufacturing materials of composite can of the present invention can be used cement concrete, also can use steel.Concrete material compressive strength height, but tensile strength is very low, the suitable for making external pressure vessel (EPV); Certain performance-oriented prestressed reinforced concrete also can be used for the construction of the higher internal pressure vessel of pressure, as nuclear station pressure-bearing 40bar, 20 meters of interior diameters, 5 meters of wall thickness, high 20 meters container, and pressure-bearing 3.5bar, 50 meters of interior diameters, 0.5～1 meter of wall thickness, high 65 meters additional reservoir, but the difficulty of their design-build and expense are all than cement concrete external pressure vessel (EPV) height.Steel making internal pressure vessel then preferably.Therefore, adopt airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow, inert gas pressure is lower than its external sea hydrostatic pressure in the seawater ballast tank if set, and then seawater ballast tank is suitable builds with concrete material; Otherwise, set the interior inert gas pressure of seawater ballast tank and be higher than its external sea hydrostatic pressure, then seawater ballast tank is suitable builds with steel.As for the liquid storage cabin of " jar in jar ", no matter inert gas pressure is higher or lower than its exterior sea water static pressure power in the cabin, and it bears interior pressure sometimes, also bear external pressure sometimes, but inside and outside differential pressure is all little, only is the inside and outside hydrostatic column pressure that liquid level produced.Therefore, ferro-concrete and steel all can use.
Another key factor of selection is the influence of material to tank body weight.Compare with steel, strength of reinforced concrete is low thereby tank skin is very thick, makes tank body weight very heavy.Data shows that the medium-sized offshore concrete float structure that has built up need expend 6-10 ten thousand side's cement concretes usually, if by severe 2.5, its weight reaches ten thousand tons of 15-25.The cement concrete amount of expending of existing gravity platform is bigger, and weight is also bigger.Too heavy because of self structure, adopt concrete material to build existing floating platform and be restricted, this is a shortcoming of concrete material.As previously mentioned, there is a shortcoming in the automatic replacement process of airtight air pressure communication type seawater and liquid storage constant specific mass flow: the empty volume of compartment of liquid storage unit is big, and the liquid storage available capacity is little, and the unnecessary buoyancy that empty volume of compartment produces is very big.For example, the a spot of pneumatic jack volume of compartment in top when raffinate volume of compartment when disregarding slack tank and canful, if the available capacity of oil storage chamber 100,000 sides, oil and seawater severe are approximate respectively gets 0.85 and 1.00, the available capacity of ballast tank is 8.5 ten thousand sides, only having an appointment among total volume of compartment 18.5 ten thousand sides, half is used for liquid storage, makes up storage tank under water and will therefore produce very big extra buoyancy.The requirement of the fixing and localization method of composite can under water according to the present invention, no matter fixed type still is the buoyancy that submerged floating Design of device Operating Weight (weight in wet base) was equal to or approached system, that is and, its negative lift is equal to or greater than zero.In order to overcome the unnecessary buoyancy that the sky volume of compartment produces, composite can needs the Fixed Ballast counterweight.Therefore the selection of composite can structure building material of the present invention is adopted and is different from that conventional way---the present invention recommends to select to strengthen the material of dead load, builds as Reinforced Concrete Materials, to reduce the demand to the Fixed Ballast counterweight.So far, excessive and two the excessive shortcoming complementations of the empty volume of compartment of the automatic replacement process of constant specific mass flow of the present invention of concrete structure deadweight, unfavorable factor becomes favorable factor on the contrary, and this is of the present invention one big characteristic and advantage.Cement concrete severe is generally 2.5, but low severe and high severe can reach 1.94 and 3.0 respectively.Cement concrete composite can tank body of the present invention bottom, especially jar end, adopt high severe material to build, tank body top, especially tank deck adopt low severe material to build, and will help the buoyancy aid center of gravity and be positioned under the centre of buoyancy, and this is another advantage of cement concrete tank body of the present invention.
Composite can construction material of the present invention recommends to adopt cement concrete to also have following advantage: compare with steel, concrete structure anti-seawater corrosion and anti-fatigue performance are good, good heat insulating, maintenance cost is low, the life-span is long, construction is easy,, construction duration weak point relatively low to construction workman's technical ability requirement, low cost, operating maintenance expense are low.North Sea concrete gravity platform repair information shows, the damage that a spot of local structure cause because of whereabouts weight and hot tearing only appears in these underwater structures for many years, but never influences integrally-built use.Damaged location adopts " patch installing (PATCH) " and injection method promptly can realize easily repairing.In addition, select the hyposmosis concrete material for use, take crack control measures or the like in the design-build, can use up one and go on foot some shortcomings of avoiding concrete material.Anti-seawater corrosion and maintenance and repair expense are low, and be very important for the compound type storage tank that the present invention works under water all the year round.Compare with general concrete structure, another big advantage of the present invention is, the cement concrete tank body is the smooth cylindrical container of inside and outside wall, builds very simply, and cost is therefore cheaper.
Indication concrete structure of the present invention comprises a kind of among reinforced concrete structure, prestressed reinforced concrete construction, concrete filled steel tube, steel reinforced concrete structure, fiber reinforced concrete structure, the steel plate concrete structure or several, which kind of specifically adopts, should determine according to reality and technology, the economic result relatively of engineering.So-called steel plate concrete structure is meant that the inside and outside wall of concrete structure is a sheet steel, is welded with steel column between the two-layered steel plates, makes it to become shell structure, casting concrete in the middle of the steel plate.
Only under only a few and specific conditions, for increasing the transformation that the oil storage function is carried out, the device for storing liquid under water that the liquid storage amount is very little for another example, design life is short, compound type storage tank of the present invention just recommend to adopt steel to build as steel semisubmersible platform and SPAR platform.
The construction of cement concrete composite can and installation
According to different concrete structure forms, composite can of the present invention can adopt diverse ways to build.
All kinds of composite cans of the present invention all can adopt the Shen Gan Dock method identical with traditional concrete gravity platform to build.It needs a degree of depth be lower than mean sea level 12～14 at least, even 16～18 meters De Gan Dock and can carry out the deep water waters of covering that floating is built, and the selection of construction site is therefore very limited.
" bamboo raft " formula composite can waterplane area is big, can utilize common dry dock to build.Wei floating in the Bian Yu Dock, can add the watertight skirtboard along peripheral base around the tank body, forms one detaining " after intaking in the lid ” ， Dock, " lid " interior fully enclosed air will produce very big buoyancy.The antiskid that skirtboard also can be used as into mud moves skirtboard.It should be noted that air and seawater in the confined space that skirtboard encloses of to drain when install at the sea.
Tank body all or the bottom adopt the Vertical Combination jar of steel plate concrete structure, available common dry dock is built the steel plate housing, floating in the Dock, the wet deep water waters that is dragged to; Or, slide onto the launching barge towage to the deep water waters with harbour place construction steel plate housing; To the middle casting concrete of floating housing, finish the construction of whole facility structures in the deep water place at last.
The ground point selection that adopts common dry dock or harbour place to build is very extensive.
Composite can of the present invention adopts identical wet type with the concrete gravity platform to drag the cabin method.The sea of anchor fitting of the present invention is installed and is comprised sinking, the seat end and leveling, the skirt piles of fetching water down at last.Submerging and surfacing device mooring leg of the present invention adopts and SPAR platform similar methods is installed.
Bottom-sitting type is the fixing and Operating Weight control of composite can under water
The present invention sits end fixed type composite can and adopts the fixing means be different from existing gravity platform fully: gravity platform relies on the gravity of self to be seated on the sea bed, the present invention then be by some on tank body periphery under water skirt piles (28) composite can 19 is fixed on (referring to Fig. 8) on the sea bed.Similar with the fixed type jacket platform, fixation means of the present invention only has requirement to sea bed than the foundation bearing capacity of deep layer, thereby has avoided the high sea bed based process expense of gravity platform and the difficulty of construction.When facility needs repeated usage and when moving, cuts off snag, liquid in the tank evacuation, very floating and resettlement easily of composite can.The snag operating technique is very ripe and be able to widespread use.In view of the above, the present invention has overcome that foregoing gravity platform sea bed based process difficulty is big, expense is high and be difficult to move two shortcomings that reuse.The environmental load suffered in the seabed owing to storage tank is very little, acts on the horizontal force of snag, and vertical force and capsizing moment are also all very little; But,, must consider that then the shuttle tanker mooring force acts on horizontal force, uplift force and the capsizing moment of snag if single point mooring unit is installed on the storage tank.The present invention sit end fixed type composite can and be installed in the total design operation weight (weight in wet base) of related facility above it does not need very big, only need be more than or equal to buoyancy, be controlled at usually its buoyancy 100～110% about scope within; If seafloor bearing capacity allows that its negative lift also can not established the upper limit.
Submerged floating is the location and the Operating Weight control of composite can under water
The floating composite can 19 of subduction of the present invention in water adopts mooring position fixing system 31 location of conventional forms such as catenary, and mooring pipe is positioned near the centre of buoyancy of buoyancy aid.As previously mentioned, floating composite can subduction under water is in the very little degree of depth of wave force influence, and except that action of ocean current power, suffered environmental loads such as wave force are very little, thereby required mooring force is smaller, to the requirement of position fixing system far below floating platform.If single point mooring unit 12 of the present invention, as SALM, be directly installed on (referring to Fig. 9) on the tank body, the mooring pipe position of mooring system will on move, can be to tank deck, purpose is to reduce the inclination that tank body produced because of the shuttle tanker mooring; Simultaneously, positioning moored system must consider the mooring force of shuttle tanker.Except that the catenary mooring system, position fixing system 31 also can adopt side tension cords (TAUT) or half side tension cords (SEMI-TAUT) system location.Submerged floating of the present invention is composite can and the design operation weight that is installed in the related facility above it under water, comprise catenary mooring system and (flexibility) standpipe etc. from the weight of touchdown point to top, it is total weight in wet base, equal the gross buoyancy (negative lift is 0) of system, gravity and buoyancy are in dynamical equilibrium, and center of gravity is positioned under the centre of buoyancy.If buoyancy aid adopts side tension cords (TAUT) mooring system, then the design operation weight in the hydrostatic is less than system's buoyancy, and the difference of the two is the downward normal component of mooring tension force.Equally, if the Operating Weight of floating mode facility is littler than buoyancy, then need add necessary Fixed Ballast in addition; If the Operating Weight of facility is bigger than buoyancy, then need manages to reduce the dead load of composite can, as adopt low severe cement concrete, or under the prerequisite of proof strength, reduce the wall thickness of composite can, or manage to add in addition buoyancy module increase buoyancy.The pump pack module
Pump pack module 4 of the present invention (referring to Fig. 1) comprises 4-2 two types of (dry type) conventional pump pack module (CONVENTIONALPUMPS MODULE) 4-1 and (wet type) submersible pump pack modules (SUBSEA PUMPS MODULE), every type all comprises seawater ballast pump 6, seawater de-ballast pump 5, liquid storage loading pump 7, liquid storage unloading (outer defeated) pump 9 each one or two (the using and the reserved,), corresponding structure, pipeline, (automatic guidance) valve, field instrument, control and power element, and Hydraulic Station combines.Because two types are installed in different places respectively, working environment is different fully, and the technical requirements of two types the equipment and the type selecting of components and parts, system has nothing in common with each other.Conventional pump pack module 4-1 is installed on that the compound type storage tank is attached, emersed epitaxial structure 27, as (referring to Fig. 8) on the chain-wales.Because it is not immersed in the water, so be referred to as " dry type " system, the pump pack module is selected traditional and equipment routine and components and parts for use.Submersible pump pack module 4-2 is installed on (referring to Fig. 9) on the compound type storage tank, must directly bear the pressure and the corrosion of seawater, belongs to " wet type " system, and working environment is harsh, and the repair and maintenance difficulty is big.Therefore, the technical requirements of submersible pump pack module and cost are higher than the conventional pump pack module.Along with the exploitation in deep water hydrocarbon field, be used for the equipment and the components and parts of deep water, as submersible pump, underwater hydraulic station, autocontrol valve, and remote underwater manipulation under water, installation, detection and maintenance technique with equipment has reached its maturity and by industry-wide adoption.The present invention sits end fixed type storage, handler (referring to Fig. 8) and submerged floating storage under water, handler (referring to Fig. 9) under water both can adopt the conventional pump pack module, also can adopt the submersible pump pack module, and the two all should be independence and bootstrap; Conventional pump group self low cost needn't underwater maintenance, but need build emersed epitaxial structure on composite can, has increased the tank structure fabrication cost, and only can be used for the good marine site of sea situation environmental conditions; The submersible pump pack module is applicable to the marine site that the sea situation environmental conditions is abominable, especially deep water.
Application example 1: be built in that fixed type (liquid) stores at the bottom of the seat under water on bank, handler---UNDERWATER GROUNDED STORAGE LOADING ﹠amp; OFFLOADINGUNIT (UGSLO)
As shown in Figure 8, this device comprises: 1. fixed type composite can 19 that is seated on the sea bed, be illustrated as vertical and cylindrical list group liquid storage unit assembly jar, also can adopt other kind except that vertical oval barrel multi-layer liquid storage unit assembly jar that the present invention relates to multi-form, several snags 28 are squeezed into sea bed by evagination shirt rim shape bottom permanent ballast tank 20-2 tank body are fixed.If composite can 19 removes other form of employing, the mounting means fibrous root of snag is according to the corresponding change of version of tank body.Composite can 19 adopts concrete constructions, therefore recommends to adopt inner inert gas pressure to be lower than " the airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of the liquid storage constant specific mass flow system " of outside hydrostatic pressure.2. a pump pack module 4 is illustrated as the conventional pump pack module 4-1 that is installed on the emersed epitaxial structure of tank deck (chain-wales) 27, also can adopt the submersible pump pack module according to the depth of water and sea conditions.If adopt many group liquid storage unit assembly jars, if corresponding various pump only is a cover, then need add special-purpose manifold in addition, realize that the flow process between each group is switched.3. a single point mooring unit 12 is illustrated as the CALM single-point, also can select other form single-point or spread mooring device for use.4. workstation 2 that electric power supply is provided and carries out remote manipulation for this device that is built on the bank.Pump pack module 4 links to each other with on the bank workstation 2 by marineline 3 and subsea power and control composite cable 1.Pump pack module 4 links to each other with single-point 12 by marineline 3, standpipe 11, realizes the outer defeated or reception of product.This device can adopt the method identical with the conventional concrete gravity platform to build and wet dragging, but needs Shen Gan Dock and deep water to build the place.For " bamboo raft " formula composite can, can adopt common Gan Chuan Dock to build.If the composite can body is whole or the steel plate concrete structure is adopted in the bottom, can adopt common dry dock or harbour place to build the steel plate housing, rewetting is dragged to deep water and finishes construction.This device is applicable to the waters that the depth of water is not too dark, can match with workstation 2 on the bank, will deliver to 19 storages of this device underwater storage tank, transport outward by the fortune wheel 15 that shuttles back and forth through single-point 12 through land and submerged pipeline from land oil product or liquid industrial products.At this moment, this device promptly becomes oil product or the storage of liquid industrial goods and the terminal of transporting outward that is built in offshore.Oil product that this device can come fortune wheel 15 sea-freights of shuttling back and forth or liquid industrial products are unloaded to underwater storage tank 19 through single-point 12 and are stored, and divide to deliver to landly again, or transport from the sea with other boats and ships through single-point 12 again.At this moment, this device promptly becomes the oil product that is built in offshore or the acceptance and the transfer terminal of liquid industrial products.This apparatus system and facility are simple, safety of operation is reliable, and not only short, the low cost of production cycle, and Operation and Maintenance expense is low, be convenient to move repeated usage.This device can be used as that oil product and industrial liquid product store, receive, the storage tank and the harbour of outward transport.
Application example 2: with marine floating or supporting submerged floating under water (liquid) storage handler---the UNDERWATER FLOATING STORAGE OFFLOADINGUNIT (UFSO) of fixed type petroleum gas production facility
This device as shown in Figure 9, device comprises: 1. dive and to float in the water, rely on the composite can 19 of position fixing system 31 moorings on sea bed for one.Be illustrated as vertical and cylindrical list group liquid storage unit assembly jar, its shape bottom, evagination shirt rim permanent ballast tank 20-2 is the weight and the center of gravity of adjustable systems both, can increase the disjunctor water added mass of buoyancy aid and the damping and the damping square of motion again, increase longitudinal and transverse, head and shake moment of inertia, improve the hydrodynamic property of system.Composite can 19 also can adopt other various ways composite can except that horizontal tank except that adopting graphic form.Composite can 19 adopts concrete material to build, and therefore recommends to adopt inner inert gas pressure to be lower than " the airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of the liquid storage constant specific mass flow system " of outside hydrostatic pressure.Mooring position fixing system 31, it can adopt catenary or side tension cords or half side tension cords, and its mooring pipe is positioned near or the composite can 19 tank deck positions, centre of buoyancy of composite can.Composite can 19 is positioned at the very little depth of water place of wave load influence, and suffered environmental load is very little.If single-point and composite can are separately built, the required mooring force of composite can is very little, need not strong anchor mooring positioning system; But if single-point and composite can one are built, then position fixing system 31 must be considered the mooring force of shuttle tanker 15.2. a pump pack module 4 is illustrated as the submersible pump pack module 4-2 on the chain-wales under water 32 that is installed in the tank top.If sea conditions is good, also can adopt the conventional pump pack module as application example 1.If adopt many group liquid storage unit assembly jars, corresponding various pumps only are a cover, then need add special-purpose manifold in addition, and the flow process that realizes respectively organizing between the liquid storage unit is switched.3. single point mooring unit 12, graphic single-point form is similar with CALM, also can adopt other single-point patterns such as SALM, is installed on the steel structure underwater platform 32 of tank top, is positioned at the top of submersible pump pack module 4-2.Single-point and composite can separately can also be built and forms such as employing CALM, STL.4. workstation 2 that electric power supply is provided and carries out remote manipulation for this device, it is arranged on the supporting for it offshore production facility of this device 33.Pump pack module 4-2 links to each other with workstation 2 on subsea power, control composite cable 1 and the offshore production facility by marineline 3.Pump pack module 4-2 links to each other with single-point 12 by internal pipeline; If single-point 12 and separately construction of composite can 19,4-2 of pump pack modules pass through marineline 3, standpipe 11 links to each other with single-point 12, and shuttle tanker 15 passes through mooring fast 13 moorings on single-point 12, fail through flexible pipe 14 the outer of realization products that float again.Submersible pump pack module 4-2 required electric power are supplied by the supporting for it offshore production facility 33 of this device; Crude oil storage and outer transporting operation are also by offshore production facility 33 remote manipulations.The method of construction of this device is identical with application example 1; The marine installation adopted the installation method similar with the SPAR platform.This device is applicable to marine site and the deep water that sea situation is abominable, and is supporting with marine floating or fixed production platform, can store the crude oil that platform is produced, and regularly transports outward by shuttle tanker.Compare with FSO, the ability of native system anti-adverse environment condition is very good, can be used for any sea area, the whole world, and device is simple, safety of operation is reliable, and not only short, the low cost of production cycle, and Operation and Maintenance expense is low, be convenient to move repeated usage.Therefore, native system both can be used for the exploitation of large-scale off-shore oil field, also can be used for marginal oil field, especially the exploitation of deep water marginal oil field.

Claims (16)

  1. A liquid water store down, handler, comprise and sit end fixed type and two kinds of patterns of submerged floating under water under water, they are by four most of formations:
    A compound type fluid reservoir (hereinafter to be referred as composite can) under water, and attached snag are used for tank body is fixed in sea bed, form and sit end stationary installation, or its attached position fixing system, be used for making storage tank to dive floating on water and mooring in sea bed, form submerged floating device under water.
    One by seawater ballast pump, seawater de-ballast pump, liquid storage loading pump, liquid storage unloading (outer defeated) pump, corresponding pipeline, (automatic guidance) valve, field instrument, control and power element, and (dry type) conventional pump pack module or (wet type) submersible pump pack module of specific hydraulic station set composition.
    A single point mooring unit, it can be built with combination storage tank one, also can above the storage tank or near separately build.
    A workstation that electric power supply is provided and carries out remote manipulation for this device, it or be built on the bank, perhaps be arranged at supporting for it fixed type of this device or floating offshore production facility, on platform.
    Its technical characterictic is: above-mentioned four parts are connected with marineline, flexible pipe by corresponding subsea power, control composite cable, form a complete system and device, one " airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow system " of common composition, not only Operating Weight is constant in the process of liquid storage loading and unloading to satisfy, and center of gravity can only change by the Z axle bed mark place, vertical along the facility centre of buoyancy, promptly must guarantee the symmetry of loading and unloading.
  2. 2. composite can under water as claimed in claim 1, it can be horizontal, also can be vertical, its technical characterictic is: composite can comprises the permanent ballast tank that is positioned at its bottom, one or more groups liquid storage unit that is positioned at permanent ballast tank top, and every group of liquid storage unit is made up of a seawater ballast tank, a liquid storage cabin and an automatic switch valve that is communicated with top, above-mentioned two cabin unreactable gas.
  3. 3. liquid storage as claimed in claim 2 unit, its technical characterictic is: when it is in normal operating state, promptly when two kinds of operations of loading or unloading liquid storage, switch valve is opened automatically, the band of internal liquid top, two cabins presses unreactable gas to interconnect, and forms same fully enclosed isobaric system; When the control system alerting signal appears in above-mentioned two kinds of operations, emergency condition such as accident perhaps appear, perhaps when above-mentioned two kinds of operations stop and no longer carrying out follow-up loading, unloading operation, the equal SELF CL of switch valve, the gas phase in two cabins no longer is communicated with.
  4. 4. liquid storage as claimed in claim 2 unit, its technical characterictic is: its liquid storage cabin and seawater ballast tank can be arranged by adjacent branch, also the liquid storage cabin can be located at seawater ballast tank inside, form so-called " jar in jar " structure, no matter which kind of is provided with form, the centre of form of its formed figure of arbitrary horizontal profile all is positioned on the Z axle place, vertical of facility centre of buoyancy, promptly keeps the symmetry of figure.
  5. 5. " jar in jar " as claimed in claim 4 type liquid storage unit, it can be a cylinder type, also can be vertical single petal cylinder type of organizing or organize more.Its technical characterictic is: the seawater ballast tank of cylinder type and liquid storage cabin are cylindrical vessel, the liquid storage freight space is in seawater ballast tank inside, the two cylinder center's dead in line, the end cap in two cabins (container) can be a flat-plate closure, seawater ballast tank is identical with liquid storage cabin bottom-to-top-height or total length, the shared end socket in two cabins, also can be that the liquid storage cabin is the central dome end socket, seawater ballast tank is a ring-type arch end socket, two cabin bottom-to-top-heights or total length are identical, can also be that interior reservoir liquid tank and outside seawater ballast tank are used two arch end sockets respectively, the liquid storage cabin is all surrounded by seawater ballast tank, and the combination of above-mentioned different types of end socket also can be adopted in the both ends in two cabins; The liquid storage freight space of petal cylinder type is in seawater ballast tank inside, the two vertical centre axis overlaps, they are the vertical barrel type container, end cap is a flat-plate closure, its horizontal section is two concentric even number circular arc " petal " figures (2n altogether), each " petal " is identical to the radian at center, adjacent " petal " point of connection to centre of figure line can be the radial frame structure, it also can be watertight bulkhead structure radially, it is radial that they all present five equilibrium, the former only comprises a seawater ballast tank and a liquid storage cabin for single group liquid storage unit, the latter is many group liquid storages unit, original mono-seawater ballast tank and mono-liquid storage cabin have formed the airtight separation of several even numbers (2n altogether), the airtight separation of airtight separation of center two opposite groups seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin is communicated with by pipeline forms a liquid storage unit (n altogether) respectively.
  6. 6. " airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow system " as claimed in claim 1, in the system ballast seawater respectively by the seawater ballast pumping toward seawater ballast tank, efflux by the seawater de-ballast pump, liquid storage is sent to the liquid storage cabin by the liquid storage loading pump, liquid storage is by switching, both can receive the liquid product that devices such as onshore applications or offshore platform are produced, also can receive the liquid commodity that shuttle tanker ships; Liquid storage is defeated outward by liquid storage unloading (outer defeated) pump, and by switching, both liquid storage can have been transported to the shuttle tanker outward transport, also liquid storage can be transported on the bank.Its technical characterictic is: liquid storage loading pump and seawater de-ballast pump all control methods such as the automatic backflow pilot piping by separately, pump speed automatically regulating are implemented interlock, make the mass flowrate of seawater of the liquid storage that enters and discharge identical; Equally, liquid storage unloading (outer defeated) pump also passes through to implement interlock with above-mentioned identical autonomous cruise speed system with the seawater ballast pump, makes liquid storage defeated identical with the mass flowrate of seawater ballast outward.
  7. 7. " airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow system " as claimed in claim 6, its technical characterictic is: when liquid storage need carry out heat tracing, liquid storage can be cut out through the external heat exchanger heating, realize heat cycles.
  8. 8. " airtight air pressure communication type seawater and the automatic replacement process of liquid storage constant specific mass flow system " as claimed in claim 1, its technical characterictic is: the inner inert gas pressure of seawater ballast tank and oil storage chamber can be set, make it less than or greater than hydrostatic pressure out of my cabin, when less than hydrostatic pressure out of my cabin, seawater de-ballast pump and liquid storage de-ballast pump need adopt submersible pump in the flow system, and what pump inlet flooded suction height should be greater than inert gas pressure in hydrostatic pressure and the cabin out of my cabin is poor; When greater than hydrostatic pressure and pressure out of my cabin when enough big, the de-ballast pump in the flow process also can be cancelled, and directly relies on the pressure energy of unreactable gas that ballast seawater or liquid storage are delivered to the desired position.
  9. 9. the permanent ballast tank that is positioned at the composite can bottom as claimed in claim 2, its technical characterictic is: it can with seawater ballast tank and (or) the liquid storage cabin integrates, promptly respectively or directly reinforce the level pressure carrier material in the bottom in seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin simultaneously; Also can separate special setting: permanent ballast tank can be the prolongation of top seawater ballast tank cylindrical shell, and the outline geometric figure of the two horizontal section is identical, and bilge portion is a flat-plate closure, is referred to as cohesive type bottom permanent ballast tank; Permanent ballast tank also can be ring-band shape " cabin, shirt rim ", from seawater ballast tank (group) root it is tightly surrounded, its radial section can be the U flute profile, be that the top is that we opens (no lamina tecti), also can be rectangular tubular, be osed top (having lamina tecti), be referred to as shape bottom, evagination shirt rim permanent ballast tank.
  10. 10. Vertical Combination jar as claimed in claim 2, its technical characterictic is: its " jar in jar " formula liquid storage unit can adopt a cylindrical shape liquid storage unit as described in claim 5, or a vertical single group or organize petal cylinder type liquid storage unit, can adopt also that jar vertical closely arrangement the in single group liquid storage unit forms in the identical cylinder type jar of several yardsticks; more The Fixed Ballast of pot bottom (cabin) can be adopted the described any form of claim 9; Form vertical and cylindrical list group liquid storage unit assembly jar, the single group of vertical petal cylindrical shape in view of the above respectively or organize liquid storage unit assembly jar and vertical cellular many group liquid storage unit assembly jars more.
  11. 11. horizontal composite can as claimed in claim 2, it can be the single group of a horizontal cylindrical shape liquid storage unit assembly jar, its technical characterictic is: it can be cylindrical shape as described in claim 5 " jar in jar " the liquid storage unit of a horizontal positioned, is provided with radial support structure between seawater ballast tank and the liquid storage cabin; Also the liquid storage cabin in the seawater ballast tank can be moved down, make the two central axis parallel, other structure is constant; The direct rectangular distribution of the coastal water ballast bilge of permanent ballast portion if the excessive height of the Fixed Ballast of seawater ballast tank bottom and contact the liquid storage cabin makes ballast water not to be communicated with from the bottom, then should be reserved connectivity slot.
  12. 12. horizontal composite can as claimed in claim 2, it can be that horizontal platoon cylindrical shape is organized liquid storage unit assembly jar more, its technical characterictic is: it is the single group of identical, the as claimed in claim 11 horizontal cylindrical shape of an a plurality of yardsticks liquid storage unit assembly jar, by several transverse frame beams, the tight arrangement of their levels formed, form " bamboo raft " shape; Radial support structure between seawater ballast tank and the liquid storage cabin belongs to the part of transverse frame beam.
  13. 13. horizontal composite can as claimed in claim 2, it can be the horizontal composite can that liquid storage unit maritime interior waters ballast tank and fluid reservoir branch are arranged, its technical characterictic is: seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin are monolayered vessel, quantity is even number, by several transverse frame beams respectively at interval level closely arrange, form " bamboo raft " shape; Adjacent seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin are formed a sub-liquid storage unit (being called for short water-oil or oil-water) left-right symmetric and are arranged, from both sides begin with about synthetic one group of each sub-liquid storage unit, form a liquid storage unit jointly; It does not have independently ballast tank, and Fixed Ballast is positioned at the bottom in seawater ballast tank and liquid storage cabin.
  14. 14. Vertical Combination jar as claimed in claim 2 and horizontal composite can, its technical characterictic is: when the inner unreactable gas design pressure of seawater ballast jar and fluid reservoir is lower than the hydrostatic pressure of outside seawater, tank body adopts concrete material to build, the hydrostatic pressure that is higher than outside seawater when the unreactable gas design pressure, its tank body adopts steel or concrete material to build, when using concrete constructions, the upper and lower of composite can be adopted the concrete material of low severe and high severe respectively, and can adopt different types of concrete structure.
  15. 15. end fixed type (liquid) storage, the handler sat under water as claimed in claim 1, its technical characterictic is: composite can and by the total design operation weight (weight in wet base) of its support means more than or equal to buoyancy, composite can relies on the skirt piles under water of periphery to be fixed on the sea bed, cut off snag when needing, very floating and resettlement easily of composite can; For the size of control manipulation weight and buoyancy, can adopt the wall thickness that changes concrete severe, composite can, the Operating Weight that increases and decreases method change facilities such as Fixed Ballast, also can add buoyancy module in addition increases buoyancy.
  16. 16. submerged floating under water as claimed in claim 1 (liquid) stores, handler, its technical characterictic is: catenary or side tension cords (TAUT) or half side tension cords (SEMI-TAUT) system are adopted in the mooring location of its composite can under water, total weight in wet base of device adds the vertical pretension of location system and equals its gross buoyancy, size for control manipulation weight and buoyancy, can adopt the wall thickness that changes concrete severe, composite can, the Operating Weight that increases and decreases method change facilities such as Fixed Ballast, also can add buoyancy module in addition increases buoyancy.
CN200810024564A 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Liquid underwater storage, loading and ex-unloading device Pending CN101544272A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200810024564A CN101544272A (en) 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Liquid underwater storage, loading and ex-unloading device
CN200980111045.3A CN101980917B (en) 2008-03-26 2009-03-26 Liquid storing and offloading device and drilling and production installations on sea based thereon
GB1018000.8A GB2470887B (en) 2008-03-26 2009-03-26 A liquid storage, loading and offloading system and its applications for offshore drilling and production facilities
AU2009229435A AU2009229435B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2009-03-26 Liquid storing and offloading device and drilling and production installations on the sea based thereon
PCT/CN2009/000320 WO2009117901A1 (en) 2008-03-26 2009-03-26 Liquid storing and offloading device and drilling and production installations on the sea based thereon
US12/890,495 US8292546B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2010-09-24 Liquid storage, loading and offloading system
NO20101494A NO340503B1 (en) 2008-03-26 2010-10-22 Method and apparatus for storing, loading and unloading liquid

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200810024564A CN101544272A (en) 2008-03-26 2008-03-26 Liquid underwater storage, loading and ex-unloading device

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN101544272A true CN101544272A (en) 2009-09-30

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CN102991892A (en) * 2012-12-20 2013-03-27 武汉武船海洋工程船舶设计有限公司 Hazardous article storage device
CN103449063A (en) * 2012-07-09 2013-12-18 中国海洋石油总公司 Zero-pollution underwater oil storage system with oil and water displacement function
WO2014113909A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Wu Zhirong Unitary barrel of steel plate and concrete composite structure, unitary group barrel, and offshore platform
CN105431361A (en) * 2012-09-03 2016-03-23 希卡普塔尔知识产权私人有限公司 Tank
CN106800269A (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-06 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 A kind of UAV navigation automatic fuelling device and method
CN109952246A (en) * 2016-10-19 2019-06-28 艾米海事环境能源私人有限公司 The system and method that mobile park equipment for transporting, removing, assemble, accommodate and transfer assets is reconfigured
CN110077534A (en) * 2019-05-09 2019-08-02 中海石油(中国)有限公司 A kind of outer defeated system suitable for deep water oil storage semi-submersible type production platform
CN110959064A (en) * 2017-06-21 2020-04-03 米拉德咨询有限公司 Improved technology for upstream oil and gas industry
CN110997473A (en) * 2017-06-27 2020-04-10 裕廊船厂有限公司 Continuous vertical pipe fitting loading and unloading and buoyancy lifting structure
CN112888826A (en) * 2018-10-01 2021-06-01 利姆技术有限责任公司 System for liquid transfer in rotatable buildings
CN113433992A (en) * 2021-06-07 2021-09-24 中山中舟海洋科技有限公司 Valve remote control and liquid level remote measuring system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN103449063A (en) * 2012-07-09 2013-12-18 中国海洋石油总公司 Zero-pollution underwater oil storage system with oil and water displacement function
CN103449063B (en) * 2012-07-09 2015-06-24 中国海洋石油总公司 Zero-pollution underwater oil storage system with oil and water displacement function
CN105431361A (en) * 2012-09-03 2016-03-23 希卡普塔尔知识产权私人有限公司 Tank
CN102991892A (en) * 2012-12-20 2013-03-27 武汉武船海洋工程船舶设计有限公司 Hazardous article storage device
US10041221B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2018-08-07 Zhirong Wu Steel plate and concrete composite tank unit, tank group and offshore platforms
WO2014113909A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Wu Zhirong Unitary barrel of steel plate and concrete composite structure, unitary group barrel, and offshore platform
GB2524690A (en) * 2013-01-22 2015-09-30 Zhirong Wu Unitary barrel of steel plate and concrete composite structure, unitary group barrel, and offshore platform
CN104968583A (en) * 2013-01-22 2015-10-07 吴植融 Unitary barrel of steel plate and concrete composite structure, unitary group barrel, and offshore platform
CN104968583B (en) * 2013-01-22 2016-12-21 吴植融 The unit tank of steel plate and composite concrete structure, unit group tank and offshore platform
CN106800269A (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-06 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 A kind of UAV navigation automatic fuelling device and method
CN109952246A (en) * 2016-10-19 2019-06-28 艾米海事环境能源私人有限公司 The system and method that mobile park equipment for transporting, removing, assemble, accommodate and transfer assets is reconfigured
CN110959064A (en) * 2017-06-21 2020-04-03 米拉德咨询有限公司 Improved technology for upstream oil and gas industry
CN110997473A (en) * 2017-06-27 2020-04-10 裕廊船厂有限公司 Continuous vertical pipe fitting loading and unloading and buoyancy lifting structure
CN112888826A (en) * 2018-10-01 2021-06-01 利姆技术有限责任公司 System for liquid transfer in rotatable buildings
CN110077534A (en) * 2019-05-09 2019-08-02 中海石油(中国)有限公司 A kind of outer defeated system suitable for deep water oil storage semi-submersible type production platform
CN113433992A (en) * 2021-06-07 2021-09-24 中山中舟海洋科技有限公司 Valve remote control and liquid level remote measuring system

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