CN201300348Y - High-rigidity and high-precision internal grinding lathe - Google Patents
High-rigidity and high-precision internal grinding lathe Download PDFInfo
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- CN201300348Y CN201300348Y CNU2008201594685U CN200820159468U CN201300348Y CN 201300348 Y CN201300348 Y CN 201300348Y CN U2008201594685 U CNU2008201594685 U CN U2008201594685U CN 200820159468 U CN200820159468 U CN 200820159468U CN 201300348 Y CN201300348 Y CN 201300348Y
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high-rigidity and high-precision internal grinding lathe, which comprises a lathe body (1), an electric control cabinet (3) for supplying power to the grinding lathe, a program controller (4) for controlling the process of the grinding lathe, a lathe box body (5) and a cutter feeding mechanism (6) arranged on the lathe body (1), a static pressure lathe head (7) arranged in the lathe box body (5), a dynamic-static pressure support internal grinding head (8) arranged on the cutter feeding mechanism (6), and a hydraulic station (2) for providing hydraulic oil to the static pressure support lathe head (7) and the dynamic-static pressure support internal grinding head (8). The spindle of the lathe head adopts frequency conversion and speed control, and the cutter feeding mount of the cutter feeding mechanism is controlled by numerical control technique. The lathe head has high rigidity, large bearing capability (up to 400 kg), and high processing precision, and can be used for hard alloy workpieces with the inner diameter of 260 m; the surface roughness Ra is equal to or less than 0.2 mm, the roundness or cylindricity is equal to or less than 0.005 mm and the maintenance period is equal to or larger than 3 years.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of machined internal grinder, is particularly suitable for processing the internal grinder of high-density alloy.
Background technology
Goods must carry out machined behind the high-density alloy, particularly sintering cemented carbide before dispatching from the factory, and make mechanical performances such as alloy surface fineness, size reach user's specification requirement.But, carbide alloy hardness height (HRA75-94), poor toughness, difficulty of processing is big, at present, main machine-tooled method remain with artificial skive to sintering cemented carbide after goods carry out grinding.Because diamond is the high superhard material of a kind of hardness ratio carbide alloy, therefore, during with artificial skive processing rigid alloy, grinding force is very big, when adopting main processing object to be the general-purpose grinder processing rigid alloy of steel, the grinding machine rigidity that seems deficiency adds man-hour hard metal article surface and is easy to generate ripple, machining accuracy does not reach requirement, and grinding machine is short service life.
Above technical problem is more outstanding and serious when the big goods endoporus of processing rigid alloy product endoporus, particularly processing rigid alloy.Such as the specification requirement that just is difficult to reach processing with common M2120 grinding machine processing rigid alloy product, mainly be because: carbide alloy processing is from roughing to fine finishining, and allowance is big (maximum can reach 20mm) very, the grinding difficulty; Grinding machine rigidity deficiency, vibrations appear in main shaft easily in the grinding process, cause that the processing bore area ripples, and surface quality does not reach customer requirement; The carbide alloy workpiece substance of processing is big, and grinding machine headstock load is big, and machining accuracy is poor, and circularity, perpendicularity, the cylindricity difficulty of processing endoporus guarantee; Because the headstock spindle poor stability, the main shaft maintenance is frequent; Delivering gear is by manual operation, and labor strength is big, the technology controlling and process inconvenience.Therefore, the machined problem of circle is emphasis and the difficult point in the carbide alloy machined in the goods behind the sintering cemented carbide, particularly big goods, is again a technical barrier that urgent expectation solves.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is in order to overcome the above-mentioned technological deficiency that exists during with general-purpose grinder processing rigid alloy product, a kind of high rigidity high accuracy internal grinder is provided, it is particularly suitable for carbide alloy processing, can guarantee that carbide alloy adds the big rigidity requirement of man-hour to grinding machine, eliminate the carbide alloy endoporus and add the external waviness phenomenon that occur man-hour, reduce surface roughness, improve machining accuracy, make circularity, perpendicularity, the cylindricity of endoporus reach user's specification requirement, and can prolong grinding machine service life.
For realizing that goal of the invention of the present utility model adopts following technical scheme:
The lathe bed of the high rigidity high accuracy of the utility model internal grinder, to the electrical control cubicles of grinding machine power supply, the cyclelog of control grinding machine process, the structure that is arranged on headstock casing on the lathe bed and delivering gear and existing general-purpose grinder is basic identical.The utility model has designed and has comprised the hydrostatic support headstock that is installed in the headstock casing, is installed in the dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head on the delivering gear, and the Hydraulic Station of pressure oil is provided for the hydrostatic support headstock and dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head.The hydrostatic support headstock of the present utility model comprises that installation in the enclosure, use the preceding bearing shell of static pressure of temperature differential method interference fit, be fixed on the protecgulum that compresses the preceding bearing shell of static pressure on the shell front end face, bearing shell behind the interior in the enclosure static pressure of installing on the shoulder of use temperature differential method interference fit, pass protecgulum and bonnet and be installed on before the static pressure step headstock spindle among the bearing shell behind the bearing shell and static pressure, the adjusting pad of being close to bearing shell flange end face behind the static pressure, push down the pressure ring of the adjusting pad and the headstock spindle shaft shoulder, be fixed on the bonnet that compresses pressure ring on the outer casing back face, shell is provided with pressure oil fuel feed hole and spill port, all be provided with equally distributed some groups of oil-feed aperture and the oil pockets that are communicated with oil distributing pipe road in the shell separately on the bearing shell behind bearing shell and the static pressure before the static pressure, be filled in protecgulum, the encapsulant of bonnet and headstock spindle contact site.Dynamic and static pressure of the present utility model supporting internal grinding head comprises and being installed in the bistrique shaft housing, bearing shell after the dynamic and static pressure of use temperature differential method interference fit, be fixed on the axle bonnet that compresses bearing shell after the dynamic and static pressure on the shaft housing rear end face, use the temperature differential method interference fit that bearing shell before the dynamic and static pressure on the shoulder is installed in shaft housing, pass the axle protecgulum at shaft housing two ends and axle bonnet and be installed in before the dynamic and static pressure grinding spindle among the bearing shell behind the bearing shell and dynamic and static pressure, the adjustment ring of being close to the preceding bearing shell flange end face of dynamic and static pressure, push down the pressure ring of adjusting the ring and the grinding spindle shaft shoulder, be fixed on the axle protecgulum that compresses pressure ring on the shaft housing front end face, shaft housing is provided with pressure oil oil-in and oil return opening, all be provided with the equally distributed some groups of branch oil damping holes that are communicated with oil distributing pipe road in the shaft housing separately on the bearing shell after bearing shell and the dynamic and static pressure before the dynamic and static pressure, dark oil pocket and shallow oil pocket are filled in a protecgulum, the encapsulant of axle bonnet and grinding spindle contact site.
The utility model is preferentially selected frequency control motor transmission headstock spindle for use when implementing, variable frequency regulating speed control is carried out in the running of headstock spindle.
The transmission mechanism of the utility model delivering gear when implementing can adopt common screw mandrel, also can adopt ball screw to implement transmission.
The utility model preferentially selects for use Numeric Control Technology that the depth of cut of delivering gear is controlled when implementing.
The utility model can be selected for use according to the load of grinding machine processing when implementing and be provided with cooling system, or does not establish the Hydraulic Station of cooling system.
The utility model has the advantages that: adopt the hydrostatic support headstock and dynamic and static pressure supporting bistrique, make the axle can overstriking, headstock rigidity height, bearing capacity is up to 400 kilograms; Bistrique cutting good rigidly is fit to the high specific gravity high rigidity, particularly hart metal product processing.The headstock adopts variable frequency regulating speed control, and speed adjustable range reaches 50-700RPM.It is reliable and stable to select for use Numeric Control Technology that delivering gear is controlled, and the minimum depth of cut reaches 0.001mm.The no fretting wear of the headstock and grinding spindle rotation, long service life is normally used maintenance cycle 〉=3 year.The headstock and bistrique rotating accuracy height, good stability, machining accuracy height, processing rigid alloy workpiece (internal diameter 260MM) surface roughness≤Ra0.2mm, circularity, cylindricity≤0.005mm.The headstock and bistrique adopt integral sleeve formula structure, and be easy for installation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the high rigidity high accuracy of the utility model internal grinder;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the hydrostatic support headstock of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is the preceding bearing shell axial section of the utility model hydrostatic support headstock;
Fig. 4 is the profile of the B-B of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 is the back bearing shell axial section of the utility model dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head;
Fig. 7 is the profile of the A-A of Fig. 6.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is described in further detail.
The high rigidity high accuracy of the utility model internal grinder comprises lathe bed 1, give the electrical control cubicles 3 of grinding machine driving motor and associated mechanisms power supply, the cyclelog 4 of control grinding machine process is arranged on the headstock casing 5 on the lathe bed 1, is arranged on the delivering gear 6 on the lathe bed 1.Lathe bed 1, electrical control cubicles 3, cyclelog 4, headstock casing 5 and delivering gear 6 are basic identical with conventional grinding machine.The high rigidity high accuracy of the utility model internal grinder also comprises the hydrostatic support headstock 7 that is installed in the headstock casing 5, be installed in the dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head 8 on the delivering gear 6, and the Hydraulic Station 2 of pressure oil be provided for the hydrostatic support headstock 7 and dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head 8.
The hydrostatic support headstock 7 of the present utility model adopts integral sleeve formula structure, substitute the rolling bearing supporting headstock spindle of general-purpose grinder with hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers (bearing shell), because hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers are by the lubricating oil with certain pressure being sent in the oil pocket of being made up of the working surface (being the contact-making surface of bearing shell and axle) of relative slip, utilize a kind of sliding bearing of the static pressure sustained load of liquid, its running accuracy height, good rigidly.Adopt just overstriking main shaft as much as possible of this fluid pressure bearing shell, rely on the pressure oil supporting spindle, thereby realize the high rigidity of headstock spindle and the high accuracy of running.The hydrostatic support headstock 7 concrete structures of embodiment are: bearing shell 17 uses the temperature differential method interference fit to be installed in the installation groove in the shell 10 before fluid pressure, the protecgulum 9 that dependence is fixed on shell 10 front end faces is installed the location, bearing shell 15 uses the temperature differential method interference fit to be installed on the installation shoulder in the shell 10 behind another fluid pressure, the flange of being located at bearing shell behind the static pressure 15 self end blocks the installation shoulder, relies on the adjusting pad 12 of being close to bearing shell 15 flange end face behind the static pressure, the bonnet 13 of pushing down the pressure ring 14 of adjusting pad 12 and being fixed on shell 10 rear end faces is installed the location.Headstock spindle 19 passes protecgulum 9 and bonnet 13, is installed on before the static pressure behind the bearing shell 17 and static pressure among the bearing shell 15, relies on bonnet 13, pressure ring 14 that the shaft shoulder is pressed in behind the static pressure on the bearing shell 15, realizes axial location.For increasing the rigidity of headstock spindle 19, headstock spindle 19 is processed into step, the front end shaft diameter that holding workpiece chuck 18 and driving pulley 37 are installed is big, the rear end shaft diameter is little, therefore, bearing shell 17 internal diameters are big before the static pressure of supporting headstock spindle 19 larger diameter end, and bearing shell 15 internal diameters are little behind the static pressure of supporting headstock spindle 19 smaller diameter end.Adopt this structure and technical measures, make headstock bearing capacity bring up to 400 kilograms from 100 kilograms.Shell 10 is provided with fuel feed hole 11 and spill port 16, all be provided with oil-feed aperture 20 and the oil pocket 21 that some groups (such as 3 groups) are communicated with oil distributing pipe roads in the shell 10 separately before the static pressure behind bearing shell 17 and the static pressure on the bearing shell 15, each is organized oil-feed aperture 20 and oil pocket 21 and evenly distributes along the circumference of bearing shell.The pressure oil of being sent here by Hydraulic Station 2 enters shell 10 from fuel feed hole 11, oil-feed aperture 20 on the bearing shell 15 behind bearing shell 17 and the static pressure before oil distributing pipe road in shell 10 and the static pressure, enter the oil pocket 21 on bearing shell and the headstock spindle contact-making surface, before static pressure, form one deck " oil film " on the contact-making surface of bearing shell 15 and headstock spindle 19 behind bearing shell 17, the static pressure, utilize the pressure support headstock spindle 19 of " oil film ".In headstock spindle 19 courses of work, the spill port 16 of oil on shell 10 after bearing shell and the disengaging of headstock spindle contact-making surface flows back to Hydraulic Station 2.For preventing that pressure oil from leaking, fill out with the encapsulant of headstock spindle 19 contacts site at protecgulum 9, bonnet 13 and all to be filled with encapsulant in the groove.Rely on the installing hole on protecgulum 9 and the bonnet 13 that 7 integral installations of the hydrostatic support headstock are fixed on the headstock casing 5.For further improving the quality and the efficient of grinding, the running of headstock spindle 19 can adopt frequency control motor to realize variable frequency regulating speed control, can make the speed adjustable range of headstock spindle bring up to 50-700RPM by original 200-300RPM.
Dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head 8 of the present utility model also adopts integral sleeve formula structure, substitutes the rolling bearing supporting grinding spindle of general-purpose grinder with hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure bearing (bearing shell).The hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure bearing also is outer and supplies with constant pressure oil, in bearing, set up static pressure carrying oil film, make grinding spindle from start to stopping, being suspended on the high pressure oil film all the time, so main shaft is wearing and tearing not, long service life, starting power is little, also can use under the speed of extremely low (even being zero).This hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure bearing is the running accuracy height not only, and oil film rigidity is big, can also suppress film shocks.Adopt this hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure bearing to be convenient to overstriking grinding spindle as much as possible, realize the high rigidity of internal grinding head main shaft and the high accuracy of running.Dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head 8 concrete structures of embodiment are: bearing shell 27 uses temperature differential method interference fit mode to be installed in the bistrique shaft housing 26 behind the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure, the axle bonnet 28 that dependence is fixed on shaft housing 26 rear end faces is installed the location, bearing shell 24 uses temperature differential method interference fit modes to be installed on the installation shoulder in the shaft housing 26 before another hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure, the flange of bearing shell 24 self blocks the installation shoulder before the dynamic and static pressure, relies on the adjustment ring 23 of being close to bearing shell 24 flange end face before the dynamic and static pressure, the axle protecgulum 22 of pushing down the pressure ring 32 of adjusting ring 23 and being fixed on shaft housing 26 front end faces is installed the location.Grinding spindle 30 after the overstriking passes the axle protecgulum 22 and the axle bonnet 28 at shaft housing 26 two ends, is installed in before the dynamic and static pressure behind the bearing shell 24 and dynamic and static pressure among the bearing shell 27, relies on an axle protecgulum 22, pressure ring 32 that the shaft shoulder is pressed in before the dynamic and static pressure on the bearing shell 24, realizes axial location.Diamond emery wheel (bistrique) 33 and the belt pulley 29 that is connected with driving motor are fixedly mounted on the front-end and back-end of grinding spindle 30 respectively.Shaft housing 26 is provided with pressure oil oil-in 25 and oil return opening 31, all be provided with branch oil damping hole 34, dark oil pocket 35 and shallow oil pocket 36 that some groups (such as 3 groups) are communicated with oil distributing pipe road in the shaft housing 26 separately before the dynamic and static pressure after bearing shell 24 and the dynamic and static pressure on the bearing shell 27, each component oil damping hole 34, dark oil pocket 35 and shallow oil pocket 36 evenly distribute along the circumference of bearing shell.The pressure oil of being sent here by Hydraulic Station 2 enters shaft housing 26 from oil-in 25, branch oil damping hole 34 on the bearing shell 27 after bearing shell 24 and the dynamic and static pressure before oil distributing pipe road in shaft housing 26 and the dynamic and static pressure, enter dark oil pocket 35 and shallow oil pocket 36 on each bearing shell and grinding spindle 30 contact-making surfaces, on the contact-making surface of each bearing shell and grinding spindle 30, form one deck " oil film ", utilize the pressure support grinding spindle 30 of " oil film ".Adopt the oil pocket structure of this uniqueness, when work, grinding spindle is floated by one deck pressure oil film, it when main shaft does not rotate pure hydrostatic bearing pad, alias owing to shallow oil pocket in the bearing shell during main axis rotation makes the interior formation naturally of bearing shell dynamic pressure carry oil film, thereby becomes a kind of hydrodynamic sliding bearing with pressure field.This oil pocket structure has improved the rigidity of sliding bearing, and its axial rigidity can reach 20-50kg/1 μ m, and radial rigidity can reach 100kg/1 μ m.Simultaneously, because the homogenization of this dynamic pressure carrying oil film makes grinding spindle have very high running accuracy, main shaft circular runout≤2 μ m, axial float≤1 μ m.In grinding spindle 30 courses of work, the oil return opening 31 of oil on shaft housing 26 after bearing shell and the disengaging of main shaft contact-making surface flows back to Hydraulic Station 2.For preventing that pressure oil from leaking, fill out with the encapsulant of grinding spindle 30 contacts site at axle protecgulum 22, axle bonnet 28 and all to be filled with encapsulant in the groove.8 integral installations of dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head are fixed on the delivering gear 6, and the transmission mechanism of delivering gear 6 can be common screw mandrel, or ball screw, and its depth of cut adopts Numeric Control Technology to control, and can make the minimum depth of cut of bistrique reach 0.001mm.
The utility model is not only applicable to the machined of carbide alloy, is suitable for the internal grinding processing of other high-density alloy yet.
Claims (5)
1. one kind high rigidity high accuracy internal grinder, comprise lathe bed (1), electrical control cubicles (3) to the grinding machine power supply, the cyclelog (4) of control grinding machine process, be arranged on headstock casing (5) and delivering gear (6) on the lathe bed (1), it is characterized in that it also comprises the hydrostatic support headstock (7) that is installed in the headstock casing (5), be installed in the dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head (8) on the delivering gear (6), and the Hydraulic Station (2) of pressure oil be provided for the hydrostatic support headstock (7) and dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head (8); The described hydrostatic support headstock (7) comprises the preceding bearing shell (17) of the static pressure of use temperature differential method interference fit in shell (10), be fixed on the protecgulum (9) that compresses the preceding bearing shell (17) of static pressure on shell (10) front end face, use the temperature differential method interference fit that bearing shell (15) behind the static pressure on the shoulder is installed in shell (10), pass protecgulum (9) and bonnet (13) and be installed on before the static pressure step headstock spindle (19) among the bearing shell (15) behind the bearing shell (17) and static pressure, the adjusting pad (12) of being close to bearing shell (15) flange end face behind the static pressure, push down the pressure ring (14) of the adjusting pad (12) and headstock spindle (19) shaft shoulder, be fixed on the bonnet (13) that compresses pressure ring (14) on shell (10) rear end face, shell (10) is provided with pressure oil fuel feed hole (11) and spill port (16), all be provided with equally distributed some groups of oil-feed aperture (20) and the oil pockets (21) that are communicated with the interior oil distributing pipe of shell (10) road separately on the bearing shell (15) behind bearing shell (17) and the static pressure before the static pressure, be filled in protecgulum (9), the encapsulant of bonnet (13) and headstock spindle (19) contact site; Described dynamic and static pressure supporting internal grinding head (8) comprises and uses bearing shell (27) after the dynamic and static pressure of temperature differential method interference fit in bistrique shaft housing (26), be fixed on the axle bonnet (28) that compresses bearing shell (27) after the dynamic and static pressure on shaft housing (26) rear end face, use temperature differential method interference fit is installed the preceding bearing shell (24) of dynamic and static pressure on the shoulder in shaft housing (26), pass the axle protecgulum (22) at shaft housing (26) two ends and axle bonnet (28) and be installed in the grinding spindle (30) among the bearing shell (27) after preceding bearing shell (24) of dynamic and static pressure and the dynamic and static pressure, the adjustment ring (23) of being close to preceding bearing shell (24) flange end face of dynamic and static pressure, push down the pressure ring (32) of adjusting the ring (23) and grinding spindle (30) shaft shoulder, be fixed on the axle protecgulum (22) that compresses pressure ring (32) on shaft housing (26) front end face, shaft housing (26) is provided with pressure oil oil-in (25) and oil return opening (31), all be provided with the equally distributed some groups of branch oil damping holes (34) that are communicated with the interior oil distributing pipe of shaft housing (26) road separately on the bearing shell (27) after bearing shell (24) and the dynamic and static pressure before the dynamic and static pressure, dark oil pocket (35) and shallow oil pocket (36) are filled in a protecgulum (22), the encapsulant of axle bonnet (28) and grinding spindle (30) contact site.
2. high rigidity high accuracy internal grinder according to claim 1 is characterized in that headstock spindle (19) adopts the headstock spindle by the frequency control motor transmission.
3. high rigidity high accuracy internal grinder according to claim 1 is characterized in that the transmission mechanism of delivering gear (6) adopts common screw mandrel, or the ball screw transmission.
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described high rigidity high accuracy internal grinders, it is characterized in that the delivering gear that delivering gear (6) adopts the depth of cut to be controlled by Numeric Control Technology.
5. high rigidity high accuracy internal grinder according to claim 1 is characterized in that Hydraulic Station (2) employing is provided with cooling system, or does not establish the Hydraulic Station of cooling system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201594685U CN201300348Y (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2008-11-28 | High-rigidity and high-precision internal grinding lathe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201594685U CN201300348Y (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2008-11-28 | High-rigidity and high-precision internal grinding lathe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201300348Y true CN201300348Y (en) | 2009-09-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201594685U Expired - Lifetime CN201300348Y (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2008-11-28 | High-rigidity and high-precision internal grinding lathe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201300348Y (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102554718A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-07-11 | 无锡市启龙机床有限公司 | Main shaft supporting structure of centerless grinder for grinding valve lock groove |
| CN104029119A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-09-10 | 湖南海捷主轴科技有限公司 | Workhead hydrostatic spindle of bearing ring grinder |
| CN106826545A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-13 | 宋志勇 | For the grinding head device of dynamic and static pressure shafting |
-
2008
- 2008-11-28 CN CNU2008201594685U patent/CN201300348Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102554718A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-07-11 | 无锡市启龙机床有限公司 | Main shaft supporting structure of centerless grinder for grinding valve lock groove |
| CN104029119A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-09-10 | 湖南海捷主轴科技有限公司 | Workhead hydrostatic spindle of bearing ring grinder |
| CN106826545A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-13 | 宋志勇 | For the grinding head device of dynamic and static pressure shafting |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20090902 |