CN110936235A - Machining method and clamping device for ball mounting notch of bearing ring - Google Patents
Machining method and clamping device for ball mounting notch of bearing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN110936235A CN110936235A CN201911228562.0A CN201911228562A CN110936235A CN 110936235 A CN110936235 A CN 110936235A CN 201911228562 A CN201911228562 A CN 201911228562A CN 110936235 A CN110936235 A CN 110936235A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a processing method of a bearing ring ball-mounting notch and a clamping device thereof, wherein the processing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of bearing ring preliminary machining and forming, bearing ring heat treatment, grinding of two end faces of a bearing ring, grinding of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing ring, grinding of a bearing ring channel and grinding of a bearing ring notch. The processing method of the bearing ring ball-loading notch can obtain better notch surface roughness, channel roundness and channel shape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing ring ball-mounting notches, in particular to a bearing ring ball-mounting notch processing method and a clamping device thereof.
Background
The full-ball deep groove ball bearing is mainly structurally characterized in that a ball loading notch is designed on an inner bearing ring and an outer bearing ring, and matched steel balls are loaded into a channel one by one from the notch when a finished bearing is sleeved. The bearing has the advantages of stable rotation, large bearing capacity, slow rotating speed and capability of effectively controlling the radial displacement of the bearing, thereby being widely applied to various mechanical transmission systems. However, because the inner bearing ring and the outer bearing ring of the full-ball deep groove ball bearing only have one notch (different from an angular contact ball bearing, a plurality of locking notches are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bearing, each locking notch is correspondingly filled with one steel ball, and the filling of the steel ball of the whole groove is completed), a plurality of steel balls are required to be sequentially filled into the groove through the notch, if the notch is large, the filled steel balls can slide out of the groove, the notch is too small to be filled with the steel balls, and the processing position of the notch is positioned at the edge of the bearing groove, so that the processing quality of the working surface of the bearing and the service life of the bearing are directly influenced, the requirement on the processing precision and the processing quality of the notch is high, the processing has certain. At present, a special grinding machine is not arranged at a bearing ball loading gap, a common internal grinding machine is adopted to be refitted on a tool fixture under most conditions to complete the process, the main process is to adopt a numerical control machine to mill and perform rough forming firstly, then a processing mode of grinding and final forming is used after heat treatment, and the special steps are as follows: the method comprises the steps of machining and primary forming through a numerical control lathe, milling a notch, carrying out heat treatment, grinding an end face, finely grinding the end face, grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a bearing, finely grinding a channel, finely grinding the channel, grinding the notch and superfinishing the channel. The above method has the following disadvantages:
(1) because the notch mills out preliminary profile after the primary molding, then carries out the grinding channel in-process, emery wheel and oilstone produce strong beating when passing the notch position, can form certain amount of sinking in the notch both sides to destroy the channel circularity, lead to the ditch shape poor, seriously influence the operation flexibility of bearing, cause bearing life-span, rotation accuracy to reduce, processingquality can't guarantee.
(2) The notch is milled firstly and then heat treatment is carried out, internal stress is released when the notch is milled, the deformation of the notch is large after the subsequent heat treatment, the notch precision is reduced, and the grinding processing of the bearing channel is influenced.
(3) Contain and adopt the digit control machine tool to mill thick shaping earlier (mill the breach), use two processes of the final shaping of grinding (grinding the breach) after the thermal treatment, the process is complicated, if only adopt the digit control machine tool to mill breach one shot forming alone, when the breach does not carry out the grinding of bearing grinder, the breach size is the shaping completely disjunctor after shaping and the channel size earlier, highly difficult control, can produce great turn-ups burr because the lasso plasticity is better before the thermal treatment simultaneously, because the breach position is special, can only adopt manual the removal at present, the operation degree of difficulty is great, low efficiency, destroy channel roughness easily, and the high qualification rate of fore shaft is very low, seriously influence the machining precision of bearing.
(4) The breach is adjusted well difficultly when the bearing grinder grinding, need install the fixture that the grinding breach was adjusted well, and every bearing ring all will adjust well the back again grinding machine tool when the grinding, and the operation assistance-time is consuming time longer, and difficult operation requires highlyer to operating personnel technical level, and machining efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a method for machining a ball-mounting notch of a bearing ring, which can obtain good notch surface roughness, channel roundness and groove shape.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a processing method for a bearing ring ball-mounting notch comprises the following steps: 1S) initially processing and forming a bearing ring; 2S) carrying out heat treatment on the bearing ring; 3S) grinding two end faces of the bearing ring; 4S) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing ring; 5S) grinding the bearing ring channel; 6S) bearing ring notch grinding: the bearing with the ground channel comprises coarse grinding, fine grinding and finish grinding, and specifically comprises the following steps: after a bearing to be machined is clamped, the end face of a grinding wheel is parallel to the end face of the bearing to be machined, the grinding wheel rotates along the radial direction and feeds to the machined position of a notch of the bearing to be machined, then the grinding wheel continues to rotate and stops feeding along the radial direction, at the moment, the clamped bearing is fed along the radial direction, the rough grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.0045-0.0055 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.0028-0.0032 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.001-0.0022 m/s, the smooth grinding is grinding without feeding speed, the reciprocating feeding stroke of the clamped bearing along the radial direction is more than or equal to 20mm, the grinding wheel is a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is more than or equal to 15.
Further, a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with F46 granularity is adopted for coarse grinding and fine grinding, and a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with F80 granularity is adopted for fine grinding and finish grinding.
Furthermore, the concentration of the cubic boron nitride grinding wheel is 100%, and the grinding wheel coating is formed by electroplating, sintering and forming.
Further, the method also comprises the step of adding grinding fluid, wherein the grinding fluid is water-based grinding fluid added with extreme pressure agent.
Further, the processing method comprises the following steps:
1S) preliminary processing and forming of a bearing ring: turning a bearing ring by a numerical control lathe to perform bar stock punching, and turning the outer diameter of a ring blank and the preliminary processing and forming of an inner hole;
2S) heat treatment of the bearing ring: and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the bearing ring which is formed by preliminary machining and obtained in the step (1S), wherein the heat treatment comprises normalizing, isothermal spheroidizing annealing, quenching and low-temperature tempering.
3S) grinding two end faces of the bearing ring: and (4) grinding the two end surfaces of the bearing ring subjected to the heat treatment in the step 2S by using a double-ended grinding machine with a feeding disc until the grinding margins of the two end surfaces are equal.
4S) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing ring: and (4) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing with the ground end face obtained in the step (3S) to obtain a bearing ring with the ground inner diameter and the ground outer diameter.
5S) grinding a channel of the bearing ring: and 4, performing groove grinding on the bearing ring with the ground inner diameter and outer diameter obtained in the step 4 by adopting an inner groove grinding machine and an outer groove grinding machine to obtain the bearing with the ground groove.
Further, the channel grinding comprises fine grinding-ultra-fine grinding.
The invention also provides a clamping device in the machining method of the gap for installing the ball by applying the bearing ring, the clamping device comprises a transition seat, a positioning disc, a tire pad, a gap gland and a compression screw, the transition seat is connected with the positioning disc through a fixing bolt, the compression screw penetrates through the gap gland, the tire pad and the central axis of the positioning disc, the end part of the compression screw is in threaded fit connection with the positioning disc, the tire pad comprises a connecting part and a connecting disc which are sequentially connected, and a gap is arranged on the gap gland.
Further, the breach includes square mouth and the arc mouth of integrative intercommunication.
Furthermore, the clamping device further comprises a support block, the support block comprises a support head, the side face of the support block is attached to the end face of the transition seat, and the support head is abutted to the periphery of the connecting part.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the notch grinding process is adjusted to the end of the whole process, namely, the channel is firstly superfinished, and then the notch is ground after the channel is machined, so that the damage to the roundness of the channel caused by firstly grinding the notch and then machining the superfinished channel is avoided.
(2) When the notch is ground, the grinding wheel is a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, the durability of the grinding wheel is improved by more than one hundred times compared with the grinding wheel made of common corundum, the defects of grinding burn and the like are avoided, each cubic boron nitride grinding wheel can grind more than 1000 parts of notches of the inner and outer rings of the bearing, and the frequency of replacing the grinding wheel is effectively reduced.
(3) The notch grinding comprises coarse grinding, fine grinding and finish grinding, wherein the coarse grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.0045-0.0055 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed is 0.0028-0.0032 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed is 0.001-0.0022 m/s, the finish grinding is non-feeding-speed grinding, the reciprocating feeding stroke of the clamped bearing along the radial direction is more than or equal to 20mm, the grinding wheel is a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, the linear velocity of the grinding wheel is more than or equal to 15m/s, and the diameter of a grinding wheel connecting rod is 65-75% of the diameter of the grinding wheel. The grinding wheel material and process parameters are optimized and reasonably selected, the quality of grinding materials and the processing efficiency are improved, and meanwhile, the roughness, the profile tolerance and the dimensional stability of a grinding notch are greatly improved.
(4) The bearing ring notch is formed by grinding at one time, and the clamping device provided by the invention can effectively ensure the notch processing precision. The invention adopts the clamping device of the non-rotary main shaft end face pressing type to fix the bearing ring on the clamping device, thereby ensuring that the bearing ring does not jump and rotate in the grinding process, and the notch on the notch gland in the clamping device is completely matched with the notch structure of the bearing ring to be processed, so that the position and the angle of the grinding wheel are fixed and only have unique trafficability, the grinding position accuracy is higher, and the processing precision of the notch is high.
(3) The number of the supporting blocks in the design of the clamping device is only 2, and only the tire pads and the notch gland need to be adjusted when the bearing ring is replaced and processed, so that the clamping device is convenient to operate and adjust and high in processing efficiency. The whole set of improved device can adopt 45# material, the heat treatment performance is 45HRC, and the machining requirement can be easily met in the machining industry. The parts are conventional mechanical parts, so that the processing cost is low, the universality is high, and the cost for replacing parts is low.
To sum up: the processing method of the bearing ring ball-loading notch is matched with the clamping device, the processing method and the clamping device are reasonable and feasible, the processing precision is high, the size and the form and position tolerance (wall thickness difference) of the ground notch can be controlled within 3 mu m, the height size tolerance of the notch can be controlled within 0.02mm, the surface roughness can be up to Ra0.5 mu m, the roundness of the channel can be up to 0.001-0.002 mu m, the channels on two sides of the notch are free of defects, and the groove shape difference can be up to 0.002 mu m.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a clamping device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the clamping device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the external structure of the gap cover of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the exterior of the transition seat of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the transition seat of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the outer structure of the puck of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a puck according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the outer structure of the tire pad of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the tire cushion of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a transition seat; 11-transition seat central hole; 12-transition seat fastening holes; 13-transition seat fastening small holes; 2-positioning the disc; 21-central hole of positioning plate; 22-positioning disk fastening holes; 23-positioning plate fastening small holes; 24-puck protrusions; 3-a tyre cushion; 31-a connecting portion; 32-a connecting disc; 33-tyre pad fastening holes; 34-center hole of tyre pad; 35-aligning the tyre pad with the opening; 4-a gap gland; 41-notch; 41 a-square mouth; 41 b-arc mouth; 42-gap gland centre hole; 43-gap gland alignment holes; 5-a compression screw; 6-fixing the bolt; 7-a support block, 71-a support head; 8-a bearing ring; 9-machine tool headstock.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention provides a method for processing a ball-mounting notch of a bearing ring, which comprises the following steps: 1S) initially processing and forming a bearing ring; 2S) carrying out heat treatment on the bearing ring; 3S) grinding two end faces of the bearing ring; 4S) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing ring; 5S) grinding the bearing ring channel; 6S) bearing ring notch grinding: the bearing with the ground channel comprises coarse grinding, fine grinding and finish grinding, and specifically comprises the following steps: after a bearing to be machined is clamped, the end face of a grinding wheel is parallel to the end face of the bearing to be machined, the grinding wheel rotates to feed to the notch machining position of the bearing to be machined along the radial direction, then the grinding wheel continues to rotate and stops radial feeding, at the moment, the clamped bearing is fed along the axial direction of the bearing, the rough grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.0045-0.0055 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.0028-0.0032 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.001-0.0022 m/s, the finish grinding is grinding without feeding speed, the reciprocating feeding stroke of the clamped bearing along the radial direction is more than or equal to 20mm, the grinding wheel is a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, the linear velocity of the grinding wheel is more than or equal to 15m/s, and.
Further, a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with F46 granularity is adopted for coarse grinding and fine grinding, and a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with F80 granularity is adopted for fine grinding and finish grinding.
Furthermore, the concentration of the cubic boron nitride grinding wheel is 100%, and the grinding wheel coating is formed by electroplating, sintering and forming.
Further, the method also comprises the step of adding grinding fluid, wherein the grinding fluid is water-based grinding fluid added with extreme pressure agent.
Further, the processing method comprises the following steps:
1S) preliminary processing and forming of a bearing ring: turning a bearing ring by a numerical control lathe to perform bar stock punching, and turning the outer diameter of a ring blank and the preliminary processing and forming of an inner hole;
2S) heat treatment of the bearing ring: and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the bearing ring which is formed by preliminary machining and obtained in the step (1S), wherein the heat treatment comprises normalizing, isothermal spheroidizing annealing, quenching and low-temperature tempering. Taking the bearing ring material GCr15 as an example, wherein the normalizing temperature is 930-950 ℃, the normalizing time is 30-50 min, the isothermal spheroidizing annealing temperature is 800 +/-1 ℃, the isothermal spheroidizing annealing time is 13h, the quenching temperature is 840-860 ℃, the quenching time is 10-30 min, the low-temperature tempering temperature is 140-160 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering time is 4-6 h. Taking the bearing ring material as 9Cr18 as an example, the heat treatment parameters are as follows: the isothermal spheroidizing annealing is carried out at 850-870 ℃ for 3-6h, isothermal treatment at 780 ℃ is carried out at the final stage of the isothermal spheroidizing annealing for 3-6h, then the temperature is reduced to 550 ℃, the steel plate is taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature, the quenching temperature is 1070-1100 ℃, the quenching time is 30-60 min, the cold treatment temperature is-700-80 ℃, the time is 1-1.5h, the low-temperature tempering temperature is 150-160 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering time is 3-4 h.
3S) grinding two end faces of the bearing ring: and (4) grinding the two end surfaces of the bearing ring subjected to the heat treatment in the step 2S by using a double-ended grinding machine with a feeding disc until the grinding margins of the two end surfaces are equal.
4S) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing ring: and (4) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing with the ground end face obtained in the step (3S) to obtain a bearing ring with the ground inner diameter and the ground outer diameter.
5S) grinding a channel of the bearing ring: and 4, performing groove grinding on the bearing ring with the ground inner diameter and outer diameter obtained in the step 4 by adopting an inner groove grinding machine and an outer groove grinding machine to obtain the bearing with the ground groove.
Further, the channel grinding comprises fine grinding-ultra-fine grinding.
The processing steps of the bearing ring ball-loading notch of the invention are summarized as follows: the method comprises the following steps of machining and primary forming by a numerical control lathe, carrying out heat treatment, roughly grinding an end face, finely grinding the end face, grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter, finely grinding a channel, finely grinding the channel, ultra-finely grinding the channel and grinding a notch, wherein the notch grinding comprises roughly grinding, finely grinding and polishing. One inventive point of the invention is that: and adjusting the notch grinding process to the end of the whole process, namely, notch grinding is carried out after the channel is superfinished. If grind the breach earlier, then carry out the super lapping of channel, at the grinding channel in-process, emery wheel and oilstone produce strong beating when passing through the breach position, can form certain amount of sinking in breach both sides to destroy the channel circularity, lead to the ditch poor in shape, seriously influence the operation flexibility of bearing, cause bearing life-span, rotation accuracy to reduce, processingquality can't guarantee. The notch grinding process is adjusted to the end of the whole process, so that the damage to the roundness of the channel caused by grinding the notch first and then grinding the channel is avoided. In addition, if the notch is ground and then subjected to heat treatment after the notch is ground, internal stress is released after the notch is ground, so that the deformation of the bearing notch after the heat treatment is large, and the grinding processing of the bearing channel is influenced.
Another inventive point of the present invention is: the grinding precision of the ball-loading notch of the bearing ring is higher. The notch grinding is designed into four steps of coarse grinding, fine grinding and smooth grinding. During grinding, after the bearing to be machined is stably clamped by the clamping device, the end face of the grinding wheel is parallel to the end face of the bearing to be machined, rotates along the radial direction, feeds to the notch machining position of the bearing to be machined, continues to rotate, stops feeding along the radial direction, and performs notch machining on the clamped bearing. In the process, the design scheme of the grinding wheel abandons the traditional grinding wheel materials such as silicon carbide, white corundum, monocrystalline corundum and the like for grinding, and the grinding wheel is ground by adopting a formed super-hard abrasive Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) grinding wheel and is preferably made of resin binder; the diameter size of the grinding wheel is designed to be uniform with the diameter size of the notch, so that the size of the notch is accurate; the forming mode of the grinding wheel coating is designed into a processing method of electroplating and sintering, so that the service life of the grinding wheel is prolonged; the front end material of the grinding wheel connecting rod is designed to be a hard alloy material so as to enhance the rigidity of the grinding wheel connecting rod, the diameter of the grinding wheel connecting rod is designed to be 70% of the diameter of the grinding wheel, the grinding linear speed of the grinding wheel is more than or equal to 15m/s, and the grinding quality can be improved. Specifically, a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with F46 granularity is used for coarse grinding and fine grinding, a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel with F80 granularity is used for fine grinding and finish grinding, and a diamond roller is used for shaping and dressing the grinding wheel. In the practical use process, the grinding wheel continuously rotates after rotating to the processing position of the bearing gap to be processed and stops radial feeding, the bearing ring is fed along the radial direction, the rotating speed of the electric spindle of the grinding wheel is set to be 120000r/min, the coarse grinding feeding speed is set to be 0.0045-0.0055 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed is set to be 0.0028-0.0032 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed is set to be 0.001-0.0022 m/s, the finish grinding is set to be grinding without feeding speed, the reciprocating feeding stroke of the clamped bearing along the radial direction is larger than or equal to 20mm, and the steps and the setting of relevant parameters are passed. The roughness of the notch profile of the bearing ring can be ensured, and the dimensional stability is improved. The grinding fluid is a high-performance water-based special grinding fluid added with an extreme pressure agent, so that the grinding material can exert the efficiency and the grinding quality is improved. The grinding fluid with the water-based extreme pressure agent is selected mainly because: 1) the raw material cost of the oil-based grinding fluid is obviously higher than that of the water-based grinding fluid; 2) from the aspect of environmental protection, oil-based grinding fluid needs various hardware accessory conditions such as pollution discharge, oil mist removal, fire extinguishing facilities and the like in production enterprises and processing environments; 3) oil mist can be formed in the air by the oil-based grinding fluid in the grinding process, and certain health and safety hazards exist for operators. Therefore, the water-based grinding fluid added with the extreme pressure agent can improve the harsh conditions required by using the oil-based grinding fluid, and in addition, the extreme pressure agent added into the water-based grinding fluid has the characteristics of high pressure resistance, impact resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, and can basically achieve the grinding effect of the oil-based grinding fluid.
As shown in FIGS. 1-9: the invention also provides a clamping device applied to the processing method of the ball-loading gap of the bearing ring, the clamping device comprises a transition seat 1, a positioning disc 2, a tire pad 3, a gap gland 4 and a compression screw 5, the transition seat 1 is connected with the positioning disc 2 through a fixing bolt 6, the compression screw 5 penetrates through the gap gland 4, the tire pad 3 and the central axis of the positioning disc 2, the end part of the compression screw is in threaded fit connection with the positioning disc 2, the tire pad 3 comprises a connecting part 31 and a connecting disc 32 which are sequentially connected, and a gap 41 is arranged on the gap gland 4.
Further, the notch 41 includes a square opening 41a and an arc opening 41b that are integrally communicated.
Further, the clamping device further comprises a support block 7, the support block 7 comprises a support head 71, the side surface of the support block 7 is attached to the end surface of the transition seat 1, and the support head 71 abuts against the periphery of the connecting part 31.
The clamping device is a non-rotary main shaft end face compression type grinding clamping device and mainly comprises four parts, namely a transition seat 1, a positioning disc 2, a tire pad 3 and a gap gland 4, wherein the gap gland 4, the tire pad 3 and the positioning disc 2 are in compression type through connection through a compression screw 5.
The transition seat 1 is fixedly connected with a machine tool headstock 9 by bolts, so that the clamping device is non-rotating (namely the clamping device does not rotate circumferentially); the positioning disc 2 and the transition seat 1 are fixedly connected through a fixing bolt 6, and the positioning disc and the transition seat are connected and fastened, so that the positioning effect is good; the tyre pad 3 is fixedly connected with the positioning disc 2, and the bearing ring 8 is arranged between the tyre pad 3 and the gap gland 4 and is compressed tightly on the end surface through the tyre pad and the gap gland. In addition, set up compression screw 5 to run through breach gland 4, child pad 3 and 2 axis of positioning disk and its tip and positioning disk 2 screw-thread fit connection through compression screw 5, thereby scurry the cover with whole device and connect in an organic whole, accomplish and strengthen the connection, fastening, the centering of whole device.
The invention improves the traditional numerical control grinding machine, improves the main grinding elements of the traditional bearing grinding machine such as a transmission main shaft, a grinding device, a processed bearing ring, a grinding wheel and the like, and the conventional grinding mode for revolving body parts adopted by high-speed rotation and feeding, and provides a novel grinding design of a non-revolving main shaft end surface compression mode. With reference to fig. 1 to 9, the present invention provides related arrangements for each component in the clamping device. Including with each adjacent subassembly fractional bolted connection, guarantee concentric, location, the fastening between the adjacent subassembly, specifically: the transition seat 1 is connected with the machine tool headstock 9 through bolts penetrating through the transition seat fastening holes 12 and connecting bolt holes in the machine tool headstock 9; the transition seat 1 is connected with the positioning disk 2 through bolts penetrating through the transition seat fastening small holes 13 and the positioning disk fastening holes 22; the positioning plate 2 and the tire cushion 3 are connected through bolts penetrating through the positioning plate fastening small holes 23 and the tire cushion fastening holes 33. The method further comprises the step of arranging a compression screw 5, wherein the compression screw 5 penetrates through the gap gland central hole 42, the tire bead central hole 34 and the positioning disc central hole 21, the end part of the compression screw is in threaded fit connection with the positioning disc 2, and the positioning disc protruding part 24 is inserted into the transition seat central hole 11. The whole device is connected into a whole in a sleeving way, so that the connection, fastening and centering of the whole device are further enhanced. Through the arrangement, the rotation is effectively avoided in the grinding process, and the functions of non-rotation fastening and positioning are realized.
In addition, the end face of the bearing ring 8 to be machined is provided with a visual notch gland 4, notches are arranged into a square opening 41a and an arc opening 41b which are integrally communicated, a grinding wheel rotates parallel to the notches and is pushed along the radial direction, and the grinding wheel clings to the arc opening 41b to enter the notch machining part of the bearing 8 to be machined to continue rotating but stop feeding, but is not arranged into a round hole with the same size as the grinding wheel. In addition, the notch gland alignment hole 43 and the tire pad alignment opening 35 are arranged, and the positioning cutter can be sequentially inserted into the notch gland alignment hole 43 and the tire pad alignment opening 35 for assisting the positioning of the notch gland central hole 42 and strengthening the fixing function; when the central hole 42 of the notch gland is fixed and screwed by the compression screw 5, the positioning cutter can be removed, and the central hole 42 of the notch gland plays a role in discharging cutting scrap iron and cooling liquid.
The invention is very convenient for processing the bearings with different specifications, and when the bearings with different specifications need to be processed, only the tire pads and the gap gland need to be replaced.
In conclusion, the clamping device adopts an end face compression type novel structure to realize fixed-point grinding of a non-circumferential surface, the grinding notch processing method adopts a one-step grinding and forming processing scheme, the processing process flow of the bearing ring, the bearing clamping and positioning device, the grinding wheel structure, the model selection and forming method and the grinding fluid selection and grinding processing scheme are designed, the multifunctional application of a common numerical control bearing inner circle or outer circle grinding machine is realized, the deep groove ball bearing notch processing method and the notch processing precision can be improved to a new height, the roughness, the profile tolerance and the dimensional stability of the bearing ring notch are improved, simultaneously the bearing channel can be ensured not to be damaged, the roundness and the groove type difference of the channel meet the related technical requirements, the processing difficulty of bearing fitting can be effectively reduced, and the operation flexibility and the rotation precision of the bearing are obviously improved, thereby improving the service life of the bearing. Meanwhile, in the operation process, the service life, the processing efficiency and the processing quality of the grinding wheel can be greatly improved. The invention optimizes the bearing ring process flow, has strong operability of the processing method, clear technical parameters, low processing cost, high processing precision and high processing efficiency, can complete the processing of bearings with different specifications and different notch specifications by only adjusting the tire pads and the notch gland by operators, can design and adjust according to the actual size of the bearing ring, has stronger applicability, higher economic practicability, reduces the investment cost of enterprises, and can be expanded to the grinding processing of various precision parts with irregular shapes.
The deep groove ball bearing is taken as an example, and the specific processing steps are as follows:
1S) preliminary processing and forming of a bearing ring: turning a bearing ring by a numerical control lathe to perform bar stock punching, and turning the outer diameter of a ring blank and the preliminary processing and forming of an inner hole; and 2S) carrying out heat treatment on the bearing ring which is formed by preliminary machining and obtained in the step 1S, wherein the heat treatment comprises normalizing, isothermal spheroidizing annealing, quenching and low-temperature tempering. Taking the bearing ring material GCr15 as an example, wherein the normalizing temperature is 930 ℃, the normalizing time is 50min, the isothermal spheroidizing annealing is 800 ℃, the isothermal spheroidizing annealing time is 13h, the quenching temperature is 840 ℃, the quenching time is 10min, the low-temperature tempering temperature is 160 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering time is 6 h. Taking the bearing ring material as 9Cr18 as an example, the heat treatment parameters are as follows: wherein the isothermal spheroidizing annealing temperature is 870 ℃, the isothermal spheroidizing annealing time is 6h, the isothermal treatment at 780 ℃ is carried out at the end stage of the isothermal spheroidizing annealing for 6h, then the temperature is reduced to 550 ℃, the furnace is taken out, air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, the quenching temperature is 1100 ℃, the quenching time is 60min, the cold treatment temperature is-200 ℃, the time is 1.5h, the low-temperature tempering temperature is 150 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering time is 3 h. 3S) grinding two end faces of the bearing ring: and (4) grinding the two end surfaces of the bearing ring subjected to the heat treatment in the step 2S by using a double-ended grinding machine with a feeding disc until the grinding margins of the two end surfaces are equal. 4S) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing ring: and (4) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing with the ground end face obtained in the step (3S) to obtain a bearing ring with the ground inner diameter and the ground outer diameter. 5S) grinding a channel of the bearing ring: and (4) performing channel fine grinding, finish grinding and ultra-fine grinding on the bearing ring with the ground inner and outer diameters obtained in the step (4) by adopting an inner and outer channel grinding machine to obtain the bearing with the ground channel.
6S) bearing ring notch grinding: after a bearing to be processed is clamped, the end face of a grinding wheel is parallel to the end face of the bearing to be processed, rotates and feeds to the notch processing position of the bearing to be processed along the radial direction, continues to rotate and stops feeding along the radial direction, and at the moment, the clamped bearing is fed along the radial direction, wherein the rough grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.0045m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed is 0.0028m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed is 0.0022m/s, the smooth grinding is grinding without feeding speed, the clamped bearing is fed along the radial direction in a reciprocating way by 25mm, the grinding wheel is a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, the linear velocity of the grinding wheel is more than or equal to 15m/s, and the diameter of a grinding wheel connecting rod is.
For a full-ball deep groove ball bearing, analysis and display of detection data of an actually processed bearing ring are as follows:
1. processing a ball-loading notch by adopting a traditional process, wherein the surface roughness of the ball-loading notch is Ra0.8; by adopting the processing method of the invention for processing, the surface roughness of the ball-loading gap can be improved to Ra0.5;
2. processing a ball loading gap by adopting a traditional process, wherein the roundness of a channel is 0.02mm, and the sinking amount of the channel at two sides of the ball loading gap is 0.02 mm; the roundness of the channel can be improved to 0.001-0.002mm by adopting the processing method, and the channels on two sides of the gap are free of defects;
3. processing a ball loading gap by adopting a traditional process, wherein the difference of the groove shape is 0.02 mm; by adopting the processing method of the invention for processing, the groove shape difference can be improved to 0.002 mm;
as shown in the above-described data of the actual machining, the machining method of the present invention can obtain a good notch surface roughness, channel roundness, and groove shape difference.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A bearing ring ball-mounting notch processing method is characterized in that: the processing method comprises the following steps: 1S) initially processing and forming a bearing ring; 2S) carrying out heat treatment on the bearing ring; 3S) grinding two end faces of the bearing ring; 4S) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing ring; 5S) grinding the bearing ring channel; 6S) bearing ring notch grinding: carrying out notch grinding on the bearing after the channel grinding, wherein the notch grinding comprises coarse grinding, fine grinding, finish grinding and finish grinding, and specifically comprises the following steps: after a bearing to be machined is clamped, the end face of a grinding wheel is parallel to the end face of the bearing to be machined, the grinding wheel rotates along the radial direction and feeds to the machined position of a notch of the bearing to be machined, then the grinding wheel continues to rotate and stops feeding along the radial direction, at the moment, the clamped bearing is fed along the radial direction, the rough grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.0045-0.0055 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.0028-0.0032 m/s, the fine grinding feeding speed of the clamped bearing is 0.001-0.0022 m/s, the smooth grinding is grinding without feeding speed, the reciprocating feeding stroke of the clamped bearing along the radial direction is more than or equal to 20mm, the grinding wheel is a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is more than or equal to 15.
2. The method for processing a notch for installing a ball in a bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel having an F46 grain size is used for the rough grinding and the fine grinding, and a cubic boron nitride grinding wheel having an F80 grain size is used for the finish grinding and the finish grinding.
3. The method for processing the gap of the bearing ring with the ball as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentration of the cubic boron nitride grinding wheel is 100%, and the grinding wheel coating is formed by electroplating and sintering.
4. The method for machining the gap between the ball and the bearing ring according to claim 3, wherein in the step 6S, the method further comprises adding a grinding fluid, wherein the grinding fluid is a water-based grinding fluid added with an extreme pressure agent.
5. The method for machining the ball-mounting notch of the bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein the machining method comprises the following steps:
1S) preliminary processing and forming of a bearing ring: turning a bearing ring by a numerical control lathe to perform bar stock punching, and turning the outer diameter of a ring blank and the preliminary processing and forming of an inner hole;
2S) heat treatment of the bearing ring: and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the bearing ring which is formed by preliminary machining and obtained in the step (1S), wherein the heat treatment comprises normalizing, isothermal spheroidizing annealing, quenching and low-temperature tempering.
3S) grinding two end faces of the bearing ring: and (4) grinding the two end surfaces of the bearing ring subjected to the heat treatment in the step 2S by using a double-ended grinding machine with a feeding disc until the grinding margins of the two end surfaces are equal.
4S) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing ring: and (4) grinding the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the bearing with the ground end face obtained in the step (3S) to obtain a bearing ring with the ground inner diameter and the ground outer diameter.
5S) grinding a channel of the bearing ring: and 4, performing groove grinding on the bearing ring with the ground inner diameter and outer diameter obtained in the step 4 by adopting an inner groove grinding machine and an outer groove grinding machine to obtain the bearing with the ground groove.
6. The method for processing a ball-loading notch of a bearing ring according to claim 5, wherein in step 5S), the groove grinding includes fine grinding-finish grinding-ultra-fine grinding.
7. The clamping device applied to the bearing ring ball-loading notch processing method of any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises a transition seat (1), a positioning disc (2), a tire pad (3), a notch gland (4) and a compression screw (5), wherein the transition seat (1) is connected with the positioning disc (2) through a fixing bolt (6), the compression screw (5) penetrates through the notch gland (4), the tire pad (3) and the positioning disc (2) through the central axis and the end part of the central axis and the positioning disc (2) in threaded fit connection, the tire pad (3) comprises a connecting part (31) and a connecting disc (32) which are sequentially connected, and a notch (41) is arranged on the notch gland (4).
8. The clamping device for the ball-loading notch of the bearing ring as claimed in claim 7, wherein the notch (41) comprises a square opening (41a) and an arc opening (41b) which are integrally communicated.
9. The clamping device for the ball-mounting gap of the bearing ring according to claim 8, wherein the clamping device further comprises a support block (7), the support block (7) comprises a support head (71), the side surface of the support block (7) is attached to the end surface of the transition seat (1), and the support head (71) abuts against the periphery of the connecting part (31).
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| CN114952206A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-08-30 | 宁波大学 | Machining method of bearing ring |
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