CN201292346Y - Vertical combined gasification furnace for solid biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a vertical and combined solid biomass gasifier comprising a gasifier body (1), a feeding mechanism (2), a deslagging mechanism (3) and a driving mechanism (4). The vertical and combined solid biomass gasifier is characterized in that a dry distillation and gasification zone A, a pyrogenation gasification zone B and a secondary schizolysis gasification zone C are arranged in the gasifier body (1), wherein the zone A has the function for processing solid biomass into biologic coke and dry distillation gas by way of dry distillation and gasification; the zone B has the function for processing the biologic coke into crude fuel gas and clinker by way of pyrogenation gasification; and the zone C has the function for further processing the crude fuel gas into high-quality fuel gas by way of schizolysis gasification and provides heat for the dry distillation of the zone A. The utility model integrates the originally separated dry distillation and gasification technical process and the schizolysis gasification technical process in one device, has compact structure and causes the rate of carbon conversion to be more than 95 percent; and the heat value of the obtained flammable gas products is as high as 8000 KJ/Nm<3>, thereby causing the solid biomass to be fully utilized.

Description

A kind of vertical combined gasification furnace for solid biomass

One, technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of energy conversion apparatus, and particularly the energy conversion apparatus of solid biomass exactly is a kind of vertical combined gasification furnace for solid biomass.

Two, background technology

Low-density, reproducible agricultural solid waste that solid biomass is meant.Recent two decades comes the solid biomass development and utilization measure to mainly contain " density moulding ", " gasification " and " liquefaction ", in the hope of improving energy resource density, satisfies the modern production life requirement.Wherein applying more is pyrolytic gasification and destructive gasifying technology.The solid biomass pyrolytic gasification is a vaporized chemical with the air normally, and that obtained is low-calorie inflammable gas (4600-5000KJ/Nm ³), gasification efficiency is lower than 75%.Destructive gasifying obtains biomass char and destructive distillation gas, and actual efficiency only reaches 70%, and wherein biomass char accounts for 40%, and destructive distillation gas accounts for about 30%.Biological burnt need exploitation once more, and small-scale destructive gasifying station because small scale, yield poorly, development and use that biological Jiao is difficult to realize high added value; Though the higher (8000-14600KJ/Nm of inflammable gas calorific value that produces ³) but output is limited, only as among a small circle life energy.

Three, utility model content

The utility model is intended to solid biomass is converted into fine geseous fuel (combustion gas) continuously, efficiently, and technical problem to be solved is that the destructive gasifying of solid biomass and pyrolytic gasification are integrated in the device.

The utility model claims that this device is a vertical combined gasification furnace, and its design is that three zones are set in a body of heater, i.e. destructive gasifying district A, pyrolytic gasification district B and secondary pyrolysis gasification district C.The effect of destructive gasifying district A is that the solid biomass destructive gasifying is generated biological burnt and destructive distillation gas; Pyrolytic gasification district B is connected below, A district by the gear mill, and its effect is that the biological burnt pyrolytic gasification of ground is generated thick combustion gas and lime-ash, and the gear mill is made up of mutual meshing rotor and stator; Form secondary pyrolysis gasification district C between A district and furnace body wall, its effect is that the further pyrolysis of thick combustion gas, pyrolysis gasification that the B district generates are generated high-quality combustion gas, provides destructive distillation required heat for the A district simultaneously.

The structure of this device comprises body of heater 1 and screw feeder structure 2, spiral slagging device 3 and the transmission rig 4 that has thermal insulation layer, it is characterized in that: be provided with destructive gasifying district A, pyrolytic gasification district B and secondary pyrolysis gasification district C in body of heater 1; The main shaft 6 that connects with shaft joint 5 is arranged in the A district; Be fixed with tooth harrow 7, splash bar 8, flight 9 and gear mill rotor 10 on the main shaft 6 successively; Rotor 10 is biological burnt to grind with the stator 11 mutually meshing formation gears mills that are fixed on end, A district, is distributed with straight line tooth and involute tooth respectively on two meshing between rotor 10 and the stator 11, and its gap realizes finely tuning with control size by shaft joint 5.Stator 11 is provided with pod 12, and one side is separated B district and C district and stopped the ascension of material, gas in the B district; The thick combustion gas that the B district can be generated imports the C district to finish last pyrolysis pyrolysis gasification on the other hand.

Below the gear mill is pyrolytic gasification district B, is provided with air distribution plate 13, main jet pipe 14 and secondary jet pipe 15 below the B district, and main jet pipe 14 1 ends are connected on the air distribution plate 13, and the other end is connected with injector 16, and injector 16 exports 17 parallel connections with the destructive distillation gas in A district; The air that secondary jet pipe 15 sprays into or other oxygenants (vaporized chemical) play the loose combustion-supporting effect of bubbling by air distribution plate 13, oxygen that main jet pipe 14 sprays into or air or other oxygenants (vaporized chemical) will drop on the biological burnt particle jetting on the air distribution plate 13, the volume seat makes it to finish redox, catalytic pyrolysis in spouted process gasification, generate thick combustion gas.Why claim thick combustion gas because contain carbon particulate in the combustion gas, tar particulate and water vapour, wherein part is that the destructive distillation band of gas that the A district generates is gone into; B district lower end body of heater is provided with hydrolock cinder chamber 18, and cinder chamber 18 is connected with spiral slagging device 3.

The thick combustion gas that the B district generates enters secondary pyrolysis gasification district C in the annular space between pod 12 and body of heater 1 inwall under the effect of induced draft fan, remaining oxygen and carbon particulate in the thick combustion gas continue redox reaction, and catalytic pyrolysis tar particulate (C is a catalyzer), the output tube 19 of high-quality combustion gas in being arranged on the A district that generates causes the gas outlet 20 that is arranged on body of heater 1, and gas outlet 20 is connected with induced draft fan.Heat in the C district is passed to the A district through A district wall and output tube 19 and makes solid biomass destructive gasifying in it.

Body of heater 1 is provided with observation and inspection hole 21,22 and fire hole 23, the gasification situation in 21,22 difference observation and inspection A districts, hole and the B district.

On body of heater 1, also be provided with safty shield 24.

This device with the destructive gasifying of solid biomass and pyrolytic gasification originally two independently technological process unite, carbon conversion efficiency is brought up to more than 95%, and what obtain is single gas products one combustible gas, calorific value is up to 8000KJ/Nm ³More than, make solid biomass obtain fully, effectively utilize.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 is this vertical combined gasification furnace for solid biomass cross-sectional view.

Five, embodiment

The solid biomass of pulverizing is transported in the destructive gasifying district A by material envelope helical screw feeder 2; The rotation of transmission rig 4 drive shaft 6 is fixed on BI homocline tooth harrow 7 on the main shaft with solid biomass uniform distribution on horizontal plane of input; Be fixed on some splash bars 8 that the stage casing of axle distributes along spiral-line and make and the loosening and radial displacement of material both can prevent that " bridges formation " phenomenon from taking place, make the material intensification be tending towards even again; The Reducing screw sheet 9 that is fixed on the main shaft Lower Half moves down the destructive distillation material continuously; The gear mill rotor 10 that is fixed on the main shaft lower end and the gear mill stator 11 that is fixed on lower end, A district evenly are sprinkled into pyrolytic gasification district B after biological Jiao of destructive distillation generation is pulverized.Rotor and stator gap can be regulated by shaft joint 5.The material that falls into vapourizing furnace B scatters on air distribution plate 13; Push kindling material by fire hole 23, light the gasification materiel on the air distribution plate; The vaporized chemical that is sprayed into by secondary jet pipe 15 passes the air distribution plate aperture the loosening burning of the gasification materiel on it is formed bubble level; Slowly open injector 16 intake valves and destructive distillation gas return valve, the high speed vaporized chemical of being injected by main jet pipe 14 entrainments the material injection on the air distribution plate to carry out gasification reaction in the power stream bundle; The material of cinder and new input is not back to bubble level in the constraint of rotor 10 and pod 12 and the furnace wall, dual function lower edge of gravity, carries out next one circulation again; The thick combustion gas that double bed (bubbling bed and spouted bed) vapourizing furnace produces is under the effect of induced draft fan, the circular clearance that is formed by upper furnace body 1 inwall and pod 12 outer rims enters secondary gasification cracking district C, at this, small carbon particles in the combustion gas and remaining oxygen continue redox reaction, and catalytic pyrolysis tar particle; High-temperature fuel gas imports heat in the dry distillation area A into by the tube wall of tapered barrel in A district and built-in combustion gas output tube 19, is used for the drying and carbonization gasification materiel; Material after the destructive distillation enters double bed fluidization gasification zone B after the gear mill pulverizes.Destructive distillation products such as the water vapour that dry distillation area A produces, destructive distillation gas, tarry vapours spray into gasification zone B through injector 16 by jet pipe 14, form the power stream bundle, and the gasification materiel that sweeps across on the air distribution plate carries out intensive redox and catalytic cracking reaction in the power stream bundle, when the power stream bundle rises to rotor 10 belows, most of gasification materiel has gasified and has finished, residual ash is molten state, with the gasification materiel intense mixing that falls by gear mill after form the ball-type plastic particle because of cooling is tending towards solidifying; Spherical plasticity lime-ash is being lowered the temperature to material and the heat transfer of following straight section furnace wall along continuation in the furnace wall decline process, final form solid particulate and crash into bubble level and fall into water seal cinder chamber 18 through the bubble level shaking-sieving, the water vapour that fervid lime-ash evokes enters gasification zone B with the secondary air that secondary jet pipe 15 sprays into by air distribution plate, forms bubble and makes vapour expanded loosening.The lime-ash that falls into grey slag bucket is discharged by spiral slag tapping equipment 3.The inflammable gas that gasification produces enters road cleaning section down by gas outlet 20 after the pooling through the built-in pneumatic tube 19 of dry distillation area A under the suction function of combustion gas induced draft fan.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of vertical combined gasification furnace for solid biomass, comprise the body of heater (1), screw feeder structure (2), spiral slagging device (3) and the transmission rig (4) that have thermal insulation layer, it is characterized in that: in body of heater (1), be provided with destructive gasifying district A, pyrolytic gasification district B and secondary pyrolysis gasification district C; The main shaft (6) that has same shaft joint (5) to connect in the A district is fixed with tooth harrow (7), splash bar (8), flight (9) and gear mill rotor (10) successively on the main shaft (6), rotor (10) is with the mutually meshing formation gear mill of the stator (11) that is fixed on end, A district; Stator (11) is provided with the pod (12) of separating B district and C district; The below of gear mill is pyrolytic gasification district B, below the B district, be provided with air distribution plate (13), main jet pipe (14) and secondary jet pipe (15), main jet pipe (14) one ends connect air distribution plate (13), the other end connects injector (16), injector (16) is with destructive distillation gas outlet (17) parallel connection, go up connection hydrolock cinder chamber (18) at B district lower end body of heater (1), cinder chamber (18) connects with spiral slagging device (3); Combustion gas output tube (19) one ends that are arranged in the A district are communicated with the C district, and the other end is connected with gas outlet (20); Body of heater (1) is provided with observation and inspection hole (21), (22) and fire hole (23).

2, vapourizing furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: body of heater (1) is provided with safty shield (24).

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