The calcium carbide stove exhaust combustion use device
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of calcium carbide stove exhaust treating apparatus, specifically, is a kind of calcium carbide stove exhaust combustion use device with cooling, purification, pressurization function.
Background technology
Calcium carbide furnace gas is the tail gas that produces in the calcium carbide production process.China's calcium carbide industry has more than 400 of furnace of calcium carbide approximately, and annual production occupies first place in the world, but the heat energy utilization of calcium carbide stove exhaust and purification qualified discharge are great difficult problems always, and the sound development of China's calcium carbide industry is being perplexed in extremely serious pollution always.Calcium carbide stove exhaust generally has following characteristics:
1. temperature height, calorific value height are not easy to the blower fan pressurized delivered, and the semi-hermetic furnace temperature can reach 350~550 ℃, and the totally-enclosed furnace temperature can reach 600-1000 ℃.
2. dust content is big, and the semi-hermetic stove can reach 8~20g/Nm
3, the totally-enclosed stove reaches 100-200g/Nm
3, CO content height.The CO content of totally-enclosed kiln gas can reach 75%-85%, and calorific value can reach 2300Kcal/m
3~2700Kcal/m
3As not treated direct utilization, easily downstream process and equipment are caused harmful effect, in heat energy utilization and dust removal process, prevent that the requirement of CO gas leakage is quite high.
3. air quantity is big, and the semi-hermetic stove can reach 9000Nm
3/ ton calcium carbide, the totally-enclosed stove can reach 400Nm
3/ ton calcium carbide.
4. contain tar, generally tar can be separated out from calcium carbide furnace gas when being lower than 200 ℃ of left and right sides, has influence on the normal use of cleaner and conveyance conduit, equipment.
5. the character of dust is special, and dust granules is thin, and specific area is big, and light specific gravity also has certain viscosity simultaneously, is difficult to deashing; Contain more coke dust in the dust, abrasion is more intense; Ratio resistance in the dust is also than higher.
Therefore, if this calcium carbide furnace gas is not used and handles, not only cause the energy to waste greatly, and will cause great pollution to environment, and if want to utilize, suitable big of difficulty, and invest very greatly, never have a kind of desirable way of utilizing so far.
Before the utility model, domestic calcium carbide industry has been carried out extensive, long-time, various informative, insistent using waste heat from tail gas utilization and cleaning test research and practice for administering calcium carbide stove exhaust, no matter be the early stage furnace of calcium carbide dedusting technology of development voluntarily, or from the new technology of external introduction, the dedusting technology after perhaps improving; No matter be to adopt electrostatic precipitation technology or bag dedusting technology, still adopt the refractory ceramics filtering technique, perhaps the water dedusting technology is all stuck with paste bag or is formed secondary pollution and finally whole failure because of adapting to variation of furnace of calcium carbide flue-gas temperature and tar.
Adopt the outer whirlwind centrifugal dust collector two-stage dust removal of compound expansion chamber as calcium carbide factory of the burnt group of hugeization of Zhejiang, just fail up to standard; Also have certain calcium carbide factory adopt electric cleaner therefore than resistance is too high also can't be up to standard; Shanxi calcium carbide factory adopts blowback wind sleeve deduster, and is big because of variations in temperature, deashing is difficult, the coke dust is carried Mars secretly and burnt reason such as filter bag and prove an abortion.
And for example reasonable Mudanjiang chemical industry one factory utilizes dedusting behind the flue gas adustion charcoal, but also fails to reach discharge standard; Supporting UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of 20000kVA furnace of calcium carbide and flue gas purification system on the chemical plant, Sanming City 1989 adopt waste heat boiler and 3-stage dust-removal scheme, because design do not pass a test, though through repeatedly rectification, still can't save the destiny of failure.
Domesticly comparatively advanced adopt wet dedusting, but fail up to standardly, cause serious water to pollute simultaneously, now be forced to stop using as chemical plant, Wusong, Shanghai; Hangzhou Electric Chemical Factory's furnace gas is directly introduced boiler combustion, the laggard whirlwind of lowering the temperature, cloth bag two-stage dust removal, because the boiler heating surface problem fails thoroughly to solve, after heat exchange worsened, flue-gas temperature reached 400 ℃ and burns filtrate.The supporting dry method bag of totally-enclosed stove dedusting technology from external introduction, the laggard gas burning kiln burnt lime of flue gas cooling and purifying, because flue gas cooling back tar is separated out, the cooler filter bag is very fast by sticky and lost efficacy, gas burning kiln can only be stopped using, smoke directly ventilating atmospheric combustion (point day a lamp) had not only been wasted heat energy but also contaminated environment.
Chemical plant, Sanming City, Hefei Cement Research Design Institute's cooperation, introduce diffluence room by the flue gas that furnace of calcium carbide is produced by leading smoke pipe, enter waste heat boiler through flue collector under the normal condition and carry out heat exchange, temperature is reduced to the dedusting of 220 ℃ of laggard glass fibre bag dedusters, purifies the back flue gas and sends into smoke stack emission by air-introduced machine.Waste heat boiler produces about 220 ℃ superheated steam for producing use.But use this technology certain condition is still arranged: flue-gas temperature must surpass 350 ℃ of ability and produce superheated steam; Exhaust gas volumn can not be too big, otherwise do not have feasibility economically; In the flue gas tar can not be arranged, otherwise waste heat boiler and glass fibre bag deduster will lose efficacy all; Carbon monoxide must be easy to generate blast otherwise advance waste heat boiler less than certain proportion in the flue gas.Such application conditions is to be beyond one's reach for open stove that accounts for China main status of calcium carbide industry and totally-enclosed stove.This technology is once invested too greatly in addition, purifies and bootstrap system is once invested and reached 7,000,000 yuan as chemical plant, Sanming City 20000kVA semi-closure kiln gas, and burden for users is heavier.Many especially calcium carbide factories do not need superheated steam, and waste heat boiler does not have too big meaning on the throwing huge fund.
For another example, units such as Yichang chemical industry adopt the shaft kilns for lime of the external equipment of introducing technology, with the calcium carbide furnace gas is fuel, but the requirement that must satisfy is, the calcium carbide furnace gas that provides must be cleaning, normal temperature, for satisfying calcium carbide furnace gas must be cleaning, this requirement of normal temperature, and the Yichang chemical industry has spent and surpassed 1,000 ten thousand yuan investment, but effect is very dissatisfied aspect heat energy utilization and equipment operation.
China's totally-enclosed furnace of calcium carbide gas cleaning at present and heat energy utilization do not have well-content processing method so far as yet, even be a difficult problem in developed country yet.Its difficulty be its fume high-temperature, dust carefully sticking light, carbon monoxide content is high, tar content is high and separate out easily, the variation of cigarette temperature waits factor greatly, and have certain danger.
Rotary kiln and the general solid fuel of the employed fuel of shaft kiln calcination material, liquid fuel and gaseous fuel all have employing, use coal gas of converter, blast furnace gas, coke-stove gas, mixed gas, natural gas in the gaseous fuel mostly, these combustion gas are generally normal temperature and through udst separation, are convenient to pressurization and pipeline and carry.Employing has the gaseous fuel of calcium carbide furnace gas special nature, by the seldom safe and reliable special device of a kind of investment lower the temperature, after the dedusting, pressurized treatments with burner combination promptly can be used for rotary kiln or shaft kiln calcination material particularly the method for lime burning report was never arranged.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provide the investment of a kind of calcium carbide stove exhaust seldom, safe and reliable treating apparatus, this treating apparatus can make calcium carbide furnace gas heat energy be utilized and the udst separation qualified discharge.
This calcium carbide stove exhaust combustion use device, comprise heat exchanger, deduster, gas pressure blower, burner, the exhaust emissions adapter of furnace of calcium carbide, heat exchanger, deduster, booster fan, burner are connected successively, and the nozzle of burner stretches in the thermal kiln furnace.
The course of work of this device, be the calcium carbide stove exhaust source of the gas to be drawn receive heat exchanger reduction temperature (temperature of separating out that is higher than tar), enter deduster dedusting (removing the dust of larger particles), pressurize through booster fan again, be admitted to the Gas Pipe of burner, calcium carbide furnace gas sprays into thermal kiln furnace (as lime rotary kiln) internal combustion the most at last.Adding thermal kiln furnace generally all has kiln (stove) tail dust pelletizing system, and calcium carbide stove exhaust is handled through thermal kiln furnace (as lime rotary kiln) burning back and kiln tail dust pelletizing system, fully can qualified discharge.
Above-mentioned calcium carbide stove exhaust combustion use device, heat exchanger are air-cooled type heat exchanger, and the cooling air outlet of air-cooled type heat exchanger connects the combustion-supporting airduct of burner.The cooling air temperature of cooling air outlet generally also has about 200 ℃, and this cooling air is introduced the combustion-supporting airduct of burner, spray in the thermal kiln furnace (as lime rotary kiln) after, can mix with calcium carbide stove exhaust, play combustion-supporting effect.If the employing water-cooled heat exchanger will produce hot water or steam.
In order to control the combustion air volume of burner, the cooling air import of air-cooled type heat exchanger connects cooling blower.Usually can set up adjustable valve to control airflow pressure at the air inlet of cooling blower, also the motor of cooling blower can be adopted frequency converter control airflow pressure.For making burner obtain enough wind speed, cooling blower adopts centrifugal high pressure fan or adopts roots blower usually.
In order to make the combustion air that comes out from burner fully mix with calcium carbide stove exhaust, the concentric tubes that burner is made up of the different steel pipe of diameter, its cross section have two concentric channels as Gas Pipe and combustion-supporting airduct at least.If the burning of calcium carbide stove exhaust also is not enough to satisfy the needs of thermal kiln furnace, described burner can be a dual fuel burner, this burner cross section comprises having three concentric channels at least, one of them concentric channels is connected with coal airduct road, and coal airduct road is the coal airduct road of a pulverized coal conveying and air.Coal airduct road links to each other with the coal dust conveying fan with Pulverized Coal Bin.
Above-mentioned calcium carbide stove exhaust combustion use device, described booster fan are gas pressure blower.Booster fan adopts gas pressure blower, is because gas pressure blower has the function of explosion and leakage prevention.
Above-mentioned calcium carbide stove exhaust combustion use device, deduster are whirlwind centrifugal dust collector or gravitational settling formula deduster, and the ash discharging hole of deduster does not have in the entry.The ash discharging hole of deduster and has not formed a kind of water seal arrangement in the entry, has prevented the leakage of calcium carbide stove exhaust and sneaking into of outside air.
For the flow of the calcium carbide furnace gas of stabilizing burner with reduce influence to furnace of calcium carbide work, the series connection calcium carbide furnace gas holds the gas surge tank between heat exchanger and calcium carbide stove exhaust discharge nozzle.
Above-mentioned calcium carbide stove exhaust combustion use device, described thermal kiln furnace is subsidiary rotary kiln or the rotary drying machine that the tails dedusting system is arranged.Best described rotary kiln is a lime rotary kiln.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the cross section enlarged drawing of the burner among Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is a kind of calcium carbide furnace gas burner of being made up of heat exchanger, deduster, gas pressure blower, cooling (it is combustion-supporting to hold concurrently) blower fan, burner, Pulverized Coal Bin, coal dust conveying fan etc., and combine with the subsidiary kiln tail dust pelletizing system of rotary kiln and rotary kiln, be used to produce lime or other products or be used for drying materials, form the system of a complete calcium carbide furnace gas heat energy utilization, udst separation qualified discharge, production.
The furnace of calcium carbide source of the gas, hold gas surge tank, heat exchanger, deduster, booster fan, burner and connect successively.Draw from furnace of calcium carbide source of the gas 11 and to connect conveyance conduit (calcium carbide stove exhaust discharge nozzle) 1 to holding in the gas surge tank 13, reduce temperature through over-heat-exchanger 2 again, join with the air inlet of deduster 3, the import of the gas outlet of deduster 3 and gas pressure blower 4 is joined, the calcium carbide furnace gas of discharging from gas pressure blower 4 draws the Gas Pipe of receiving burner 5, and the nozzle of calcium carbide furnace gas by burner 5 sprays into lime rotary kiln 12 and come lime burning or other thermal kiln furnace internal combustion the most at last.
Heat exchanger 2 is generally single tube or tubulation air-cooled type heat exchanger.The interior pipe 21 promptly interior single tubes or the tubulation of single tube or tubulation air-cooled type heat exchanger connect with the calcium carbide furnace gas conveyance conduit 1 of high temperature.The outer tube 22 of single tube or tubulation air-cooled type heat exchanger is a cooling duct, links by pipeline 8 its imports and cooling blower 6 outlets, and its outlet links with the combustion-supporting airduct of burner 5.
The simplest a kind of single tube air-cooled type heat exchanger promptly is that the calcium carbide furnace gas conveyance conduit 1 at high temperature adds cooling duct 22 of cover, with cooling blower 6 air is blasted in the cooling duct of overcoat.
The air quantity of cooling blower 6 is that the temperature that is cooled to according to the calcium carbide furnace gas needs and the combustion air volume of burner 5 decide, usually can set up adjustable valve to control airflow pressure at the air inlet of cooling blower 6, also the motor of cooling blower 6 can be adopted frequency converter control airflow pressure.For making burner 5 obtain enough wind speed, cooling blower 6 adopts centrifugal high pressure fan or adopts roots blower usually.For flow, pressure, the temperature of control cooling blower 6, flow, pressure, temperature detection control instrument 10 have been installed on the cooling air outlet pipeline of heat exchanger, realize control automatically at central control room.
Burner 5 is double fuel four-way burners of a kind of can burn simultaneously calcium carbide furnace gas and coal dust, and it from the cross sectional shape of concentric tubes, forms 4 concentric channels 51-54 by the concentric tubes that 4 different steel pipes of diameter are formed from inside to outside.Outlet with gas pressure blower 4 links to each other concentric channels 52 as Gas Pipe.Outlet with coal airduct road 9 links to each other concentric channels 53 as the auxiliary fuel pipe.Concentric channels 54 and concentric channels 51 (pipe in the burner) are connected on the cooling air outlet pipeline of heat exchanger as combustion-supporting airduct.The exit of concentric channels 51 (burner in pipe) has been installed cyclone and has been produced and rotate wind at a high speed.Burner 5 is subjected to high-temperature part in putting in rotary kiln 12, shell adopts the castable refractory protection.
Calcium carbide stove exhaust and the combustion air that fetches from heat exchanger respectively with different speed and whether rotate, the anglec of rotation, from concentric channels, spray.The combustion air that fetches from heat exchanger, pipe rotation ejection and spray at a high speed in the burner respectively from concentric channels 54 high-speed straight-lines.Calcium carbide furnace gas is from concentric channels 52 ejections.Coal dust is from concentric channels 53 ejections.The calcium carbide furnace gas spouting velocity is lower than from the combustion air speed of concentric channels 54 ejections.The such structure of burner more helps the burning of calcium carbide furnace gas.
This dual fuel burner has solved may be because the problem of calcium carbide furnace gas quantity not sufficient can use coal dust as auxiliary fuel.
Deduster 3 adopts whirlwind centrifugal dust collector or gravitational settling formula deduster.At the sealing device that the ash discharging hole of deduster 3 adopts, this sealing device can make collected dust emission come out, but calcium carbide furnace gas can not leak out, and extraneous air can not be blended in the calcium carbide furnace gas yet.Typical sealing device is a kind of water seal arrangement, and this water seal arrangement is a kind of water container 7, and the ash discharging hole of deduster submerges to be had in the water of certain depth in the water container 7, thereby has completely cut off the leakage of calcium carbide furnace gas and sneaking into of outside air.
Gas pressure blower 4 has the function of explosion and leakage prevention.Feed flow, pressure, temperature for the control calcium carbide stove exhaust, flow, pressure, temperature detection control instrument 10 have been installed on gas pressure blower 4 inlet pipelines, gas pressure blower 4 adopts frequency converter to regulate rotation speed of fan, realizes control automatically at central control room.
For reducing the loss of calcium carbide furnace gas heat energy, the calcium carbide furnace gas conveyance conduit, combustion air conveyance conduit, heat exchanger 2, the deduster 3 that are exposed in the atmosphere are all taked the insulation measure.
For the flow of the calcium carbide furnace gas of stabilizing burner with reduce influence to furnace of calcium carbide work, the calcium carbide furnace gas of between heat exchanger and furnace of calcium carbide, having connected hold gas surge tank 13.
Thisly by the hold concurrently advantage of the calcium carbide furnace gas burner that combustion air blower fan, burner form of heat exchanger, deduster, gas pressure blower, cooling be:
1. it is combustion-supporting that the cooling air after heat exchange is used for calcium carbide furnace gas, utilized fully the sensible heat of calcium carbide furnace gas, do not cause The waste of the energy.
2. the dedusting of calcium carbide furnace gas, conveying become very simple, reliable, and the temperature of calcium carbide furnace gas is easy to control, solve The problem of separating out of tar.
3. can effectively prevent the leakage of calcium carbide furnace gas.
4. do not have the problem that burns out filter bag, tar paste filter bag, the calcium carbide furnace gas after udst separation can satisfy burner Requirement with kiln.
5. adopt dual fuel burner can adapt to the situation of calcium carbide furnace gas instability and calcium carbide furnace gas deficiency.
6. whole device flow, temperature, pressure are easy to realize automatically detect and control.
7. be combined with rotary kiln or other thermal kiln furnace and kiln tail dust pelletizing system, not only can be used for producing the products such as active lime Product, calcium carbide furnace gas heat energy is fully used, and by the udst separation of kiln tail dust pelletizing system, can realize qualified discharge fully.