Background technology
Membrane separation technique is to be separating medium with the selective permeation film, and when there was pressure differential in the both sides of film, the feed side component will the selective permeation film, thereby realizes the separation of material liquid different component, the purpose that concentrates and purify.Human understanding and research for film has a long history, and the Nelkt of France was in the film segregation phenomenon with regard to finding spontaneously to spread by film in 1748.Find that natural rubber has different transmitances to gas 19th century, therefore proposed hyperfiltration notion with perforated membrane separating mixed gas, separation of bacterial, albumen, colloid and superfine particle.Traube successfully developed the ferrocyanide copper film in 1864, and this is first artificial membrane on the human history, but up to the thirties in 20th century people just begin the system research membrane separation technique.After the CAM that the sixties in 20th century, Loeb and Sourirajan succeeded in developing, the membrane separation technique industrial applications has obtained breakthrough development.Membrane separation technique has no phase transformation, energy consumption is low, efficient is high, applied widely, stable operation, do not produce advantages such as secondary pollution.Therefore, membrane separation technique is used widely in every field at present.As: desalinization, food and drink, petrochemical industry, biological medicine, environmental protection etc.
It is ubiquitous phenomenon in the film separation process that film pollutes.In the film separation process, because the big molecule of particulate, colloidal particle or solute in the material handling is owing to exist physical chemistry to interact or mechanism with film, thereby the absorption in film surface or fenestra, the deposition that cause cause membrane aperture to diminish or stop up, make film produce the irreversible change that sees through flow and stalling characteristic, cause film to pollute, contaminated film must clean, to recover its performance.The main method of film cleaning at present has: physics cleans and Chemical cleaning.
Chemical cleaning is to add certain suitable chemical agent in current, as acid (nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid etc.), alkali (caustic soda, ammoniacal liquor etc.), chelating agent (as E D T A, sodium phosphate trimer, calgon etc.), surfactant and enzyme etc., carry out continuous wash cycles.There are problems such as cleaning efficiency is low, chemical is residual in Chemical cleaning.
Physics cleans the current flushing membrane surface that normally utilizes high flow rate and utilizes current oppositely to clean or back flush in the per-meate side of film.Sometimes in order to strengthen developing result, air-blowing in the also oriented current in the current flushing, increase the means that ultrasonic wave, electric field, sponge ball, mechanical oscillation etc. strengthen the current disturbance, increase the means of ultrasonic wave, electric field, amplify the problem of difficulty owing to there is industrialization, these methods only are confined to experimental study, and the means of air-blowing and increase mechanical oscillation have just partly increased the disturbance of current in current, have the not high problem of cleaning efficiency.Sponge ball cleans owing to need by the membrane component runner, therefore generally have only tubular membrane to use, the present tubular membrane sponge ball cleaning method that uses, general selected sponge ball diameter is all less than the tubular membrane flow diameter, and cleaning process is the disposable runner by tubular membrane of sponge ball, the effect that increases the current disturbance is main, and the effect of scouring is less important, so cleaning efficiency is low.03120999.8) and " a kind of effective film cleaning method---sponge ball tubular membrane purging system is studied " (Liu Enhua etc. the patent application of " a kind of utilize soft spheric granules to carry out system and cleaning method thereof that film cleans " (application number:, " membrane science and technology " 23 the 6th phases of volume) introduced a kind of method of sponge ball wash cycles, its concrete characteristics are:
By in the tubular membrane technological process, increased " cleaning the supply stream ", special " bead circulator " realized the wash cycles of sponge ball;
Special " bead circulator " is made of " upper container " and " following container ";
In order to realize the circulation of sponge ball, need produce negative pressure at " following container ";
Illustrated in the specific embodiment of this patent specification that the sponge ball diameter that uses is 6-7mm, but the official film flow diameter that uses has not been described, so do not know that whether the sponge ball diameter is greater than the tubular membrane flow diameter.
This method has the following disadvantages:
Increased " cleaning the supply stream ", special " bead circulator " on stream, therefore made system flow become complicated;
In order to realize the circulation of sponge ball, need produce negative pressure at " following container ".As everyone knows, in the liquid flow process, there is friction loss, therefore in order to make the negative pressure of " following container " generation to " upper container ", " following container " must could be realized by special design or special device, this can cause system process complicated more, is unfavorable for that heavy industrialization uses;
Density to sponge ball has special requirement, and the recovery effects of cleaning the back membrane flux is still waiting to improve.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved in the utility model is: has now and can not satisfy industrial demand the cleaning of tubular membrane, need be a kind of simple in structure, and be suitable for heavy industrialization, the tubular membrane cleaning device that cleaning performance is good.
The technical solution of the utility model is: the tubular membrane swab, comprise circulating tank, feed liquid service duct, tubular membrane, feed liquid return flow line, also be provided with liquid commutator, scrubbing ball and two scrubbing ball distributors, two scrubbing ball distributors are arranged at the place, runner import/export of tubular membrane respectively, feed liquid service duct, feed liquid return flow line connect circulating tank and liquid commutator, the runner of liquid commutator, scrubbing ball distributor, tubular membrane and another scrubbing ball distributor connect into an annular channels, and scrubbing ball is arranged between two scrubbing ball distributors.
Feed liquid in the circulating tank is through feed liquid service duct influent commutator, the runner of scrubbing ball distributor, the tubular membrane of flowing through successively again and another scrubbing ball distributor, scrubbing ball with feed liquid from a scrubbing ball distributor by tubular membrane to another scrubbing ball distributor, the liquid commutator can change flow direction in the tubular membrane, scrubbing ball moves between two scrubbing ball distributors with the change of flow direction, and feed liquid is after the feed liquid return flow line is back to circulating tank.
The utility model also physics is cleaned and Chemical cleaning combines, also be provided with purge tank, cleaning fluid service duct and cleaning fluid return flow line, the cleaning fluid service duct, the cleaning fluid return flow line connects purge tank and liquid commutator, cleaning fluid in the purge tank is through cleaning fluid service duct influent commutator, the scrubbing ball distributor of flowing through successively again, the runner of tubular membrane and another scrubbing ball distributor, scrubbing ball with cleaning fluid from a scrubbing ball distributor by tubular membrane to another scrubbing ball distributor, the liquid commutator can change flow direction in the tubular membrane, scrubbing ball moves between two scrubbing ball distributors with the change of flow direction, and cleaning fluid is after the cleaning fluid return flow line is back to the clean cycle jar.
As further improvement, the scrubbing ball diameter that the utility model uses is not less than the tubular membrane flow diameter, and scrubbing ball can pass through the tubular membrane runner under fluid pressure.Select soft scrubbing ball for use,, utilize the motive force of liquid as sponge ball, ball or fibrous nodules etc., promote the runner of scrubbing ball by tubular membrane, rely on the frictional force between scrubbing ball and the tubular membrane surface, the Fouling Cleaning on film surface is got off, thereby reach the purpose of recovering membrane flux.Under the effect of liquid commutator, the flow direction in the tubular membrane can change, and scrubbing ball moves back and forth between two scrubbing ball distributors with flow direction, can reach good scrub effect, and easy and simple to handle.
The utility model is simple in structure, also can carry out the cleaning of tubular membrane in the production process, the mode of utilizing scrubbing ball repeatedly tubular membrane to be cleaned, the membrane flux that can reach more than 90% recovers, and can freely select tubular membrane physics is cleaned or Chemical cleaning, perhaps physics cleans and combines with Chemical cleaning, satisfies different user demands.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment explanation the utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, system comprises: circulating tank 1, purge tank 4, feed liquid service duct 3, cleaning fluid service duct 6, circulating pump 7, liquid commutator 14, scrubbing ball distributor 18,27, tubular membrane 25, feed liquid return flow line 34, cleaning fluid return flow line 32 and supporting valve 2,5,33,35, pressure gauge 8,31, flowmeter 9,30 and thermometer 10.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of liquid commutator 14, liquid commutator 14 is provided with import 11, outlet 29 and fluid course 17, fluid course 28, is kept apart by valve 15, valve 16, valve 13 and valve 12 respectively between import 11, fluid course 17, outlet 29 and the fluid course 28.
Circulating tank 1 is connected with circulating pump 7 with feed liquid service duct 3 by valve 2, and purge tank 4 is connected with circulating pump 7 with cleaning fluid service duct 6 by valve 5; Circulating pump 7 provides power to impel liquid (feed liquid or cleaning fluid) to flow, through pressure gauge 8, flowmeter 9 and thermometer 10, from liquid commutator import 11 influent commutator devices 14, liquid commutator 14 as shown in Figure 2, liquid commutator 14 connects scrubbing ball distributor 18,27 respectively by fluid course 17,28, links to each other with the runner import/export of tubular membrane again; The outlet 29 of liquid commutator 14 is through pressure gauge 31, and flowmeter 30 and valve 35 connect feed liquid return flow line 34, and feed liquid return flow line 34 connects circulating tank 1; Purge tank 4 is connected with the outlet 29 of liquid commutator 14 by cleaning return flow line 32, valve 33.
Fig. 3 is a scrubbing ball distributor schematic diagram of the present utility model, scrubbing ball distributor import 36 is connected with the fluid course 17 or the fluid course 28 of liquid commutator 14, scrubbing ball distributor outlet 37 is connected with the runner import/export of tubular membrane, separation net 38 stops that scrubbing ball flows out from the import 36 of scrubbing ball distributor, scrubbing ball is only moved between two scrubbing ball distributors, scrubbing ball input/outlet 39 is located on the scrubbing ball distributor, between separation net 38 and outlet 37, be convenient to add, take out scrubbing ball.
Cleaning process:
(1) in system's normal productive process
There is film separation system in the circulating tank 1 and produces needed feed liquid, during production, the valve 5 that is connected with purge tank 4,33 close, the valve 2 of circulating tank 1 bottom is opened, feed liquid enters circulating pump 7 through feed liquid service duct 3, enter liquid commutator 14 through liquid commutator import 11 then, this moment liquid commutator 14 valve 12,16 open, valve 13,15 close, therefore feed liquid enters fluid course 28 through valve 12, enter the runner of tubular membrane 25 through scrubbing ball distributor 27 then, under the pressure effect that circulating pump 7 provides, the part feed liquid sees through film and enters the tubular membrane per-meate side, flow out the tubular membrane system through film penetrating fluid outlet 26, remaining feed liquid enters fluid course 17 through scrubbing ball distributor 18, enters liquid commutator outlet 29 through valve 16, after circulating tank 1 is got back in valve 35 and feed liquid return flow line 34.So constantly circulation realizes tubular membrane system ordinary production.
When needing in process of production to realize cleaning, can pass through scrubbing ball distributor 18,27 scrubbing ball input/outlet 39 places add scrubbing ball, as sponge ball, under the promotion of liquid stream, sponge ball is retained down by separation net 38 places that liquid stream is flushed to scrubbing ball distributor 18, liquid then can accessiblely pass through separation net, this moment is with the valve 12 of liquid commutator 14,16 close, valve 13,15 open, the liquid flow path direction that then enters the tubular membrane runner changes, feed liquid enters scrubbing ball distributor 18 through valve 15 and fluid course 17, sponge ball enters tubular membrane 25 runners under the promotion of liquid stream, because the sponge ball diameter is not less than the tubular membrane flow diameter, simultaneously because the sponge ball softness is flexible, under the effect of liquid stream, can deform according to the situation of passage, through the tubular membrane runner time, clean tubular membrane 25 surfaces, arrive the scrubbing ball distributor 27 of tubular membrane 25 other ends when sponge ball, because separation net 38 is retained down sponge ball, and liquid stream continues to enter fluid course 28 by separation net, circulating tank 1 is got back in the outlet 29 of liquid commutator 14, so just realizes once cleaning.The on off state of transfer valve 12,16 and valve 13,15 changes the flow direction in the tubular membrane runner repeatedly, and scrubbing ball is moved back and forth in the tubular membrane runner with liquid stream, just can realize cleaning repeatedly the film surface of tubular membrane.
(2) in system's cleaning process
Place cleaning fluid in the purge tank 4, also can be water, during cleaning, close the valve 2 at circulating tank 1 two ends, 35, open the valve 5 of purge tank 4 bottoms, cleaning fluid enters circulating pump 7 through cleaning fluid service duct 6, enter liquid commutator 14 through liquid commutator import 11 then, this moment liquid commutator 14 valve 12,16 open, valve 13,15 close, therefore cleaning fluid enters fluid course 28 through valve 12, enter the runner of tubular membrane 25 through scrubbing ball distributor 27 then, under the effect of circulating fluid, the sponge ball of selecting for use rests on separation net 38 places of scrubbing ball distributor 18, enters fluid course 17 and the continuation of liquid stream is accessible by separation net, the outlet 29 of liquid commutator 14, purge tank 4 is got back in valve 33 and cleaning fluid return flow line 34.Switch the valve of liquid commutator this moment, valve 12 with liquid commutator 14,16 close, valve 13,15 open, the liquid flow path direction that then enters the tubular membrane runner changes, enter scrubbing ball distributor 18 through valve 15 and fluid course 17, sponge ball enters tubular membrane 25 runners under the promotion of liquid stream, because the sponge ball diameter is not less than the tubular membrane flow diameter, simultaneously because the sponge ball softness is flexible, under the effect of liquid stream, can deform according to the situation of passage, through the tubular membrane runner time, clean tubular membrane 25 surfaces, arrive the scrubbing ball distributor 27 of tubular membrane 25 other ends when sponge ball, because separation net 38 is retained down sponge ball, and liquid stream continues to enter fluid course 28 by separation net, purge tank 4 is got back in the outlet 29 of liquid commutator 14, so just realizes once cleaning.The on off state of transfer valve 12,16 and valve 13,15 changes the flow direction in the tubular membrane runner repeatedly, and scrubbing ball is moved back and forth in the tubular membrane runner with liquid stream, just can realize cleaning repeatedly the film surface of tubular membrane.Select corresponding cleaning liquid for use at the dirt of tubular membrane,, can recover the membrane flux of tubular membrane fast and effectively in conjunction with the scouring of sponge ball.
The scrubbing ball diameter that the utility model uses is not less than the tubular membrane flow diameter, suitably increases the scrubbing ball diameter and helps strengthening scrub effect, and Fig. 4 selects for use sponge ball to do scrubbing ball, and its diameter is to the curve map of tubular membrane cleaning performance.Tubular membrane flow diameter 12mm, the sponge ball diameter is ball 1.: 10mm, 2. ball: 12mm, 3. ball 15mm, 4. ball: 17mm adds soft water in the film cleaning equipment, at circulating pressure 4bar, constant temperature circulation is after 15 minutes under 48 ± 2 ℃ of conditions of temperature, use the different-diameter sponge ball to clean for several times successively after, calculate flux and also analyze its variation.In cleaning process, because 4. ball is blocked in the tubular type runner, can't pass through, other diameter sponge balls can both play scrubbing action by tubular membrane, as can be seen from Figure 4, except 4. ball, the different-diameter sponge ball all has in various degree raising to membrane flux, from scrub effect: 3. ball〉2. ball〉1. ball.Therefore, under the condition that can pass through, scrub effect increases along with the increase of sponge ball diameter.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the cleaning performance curve maps of Chemical cleaning and sponge ball scouring+Chemical cleaning.
Chemical cleaning generally is to adopt acid, alkali configuration cleaning fluid that polluted membrane is carried out circulation flushing.Select two contaminated tubular membrane of same size for use, adopt acid, alkalization to learn the method for cleaning, sponge ball scouring+Chemical cleaning respectively, at circulating pressure 4bar, constant temperature wash cycles under 48 ± 2 ℃ of conditions of temperature.
The measurement of membrane flux: the every scouring of sponge ball is measured membrane flux behind a film surface, and the flux of gathering use Chemical cleaning film simultaneously is to compare cleaning performance.
As can be seen from Figure 5, pure alkali cleaning does not obviously improve membrane flux, sponge ball scouring+alkali cleaning then with membrane flux from 9L/m
2H has brought up to 37.1L/m
2H has improved more than 4 times.
As can be seen from Figure 6, pure pickling recovers just slightly to improve to membrane flux, and sponge ball scouring+pickling effectiveness is better than pure pickling, but effect is not as alkali cleaning.Therefore, select suitable cleaning agent, increase sponge ball scouring technology again and will obviously improve cleaning efficiency according to dirt.