CN201190281Y - High strength prestressed concrete tubular pile with node - Google Patents
High strength prestressed concrete tubular pile with node Download PDFInfo
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- CN201190281Y CN201190281Y CNU2008200547954U CN200820054795U CN201190281Y CN 201190281 Y CN201190281 Y CN 201190281Y CN U2008200547954 U CNU2008200547954 U CN U2008200547954U CN 200820054795 U CN200820054795 U CN 200820054795U CN 201190281 Y CN201190281 Y CN 201190281Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a concrete node tubular pile with high-strength prestressing force, which has the structure that a plurality of annular protuberant node parts are formed at intervals on a tubular pile body, the tubular pile body between every two node parts forms a pile shaft part, all of the parts are poured into a whole with concrete, and PC steel sticks and reinforcing steel bars are embedded in the concrete node tubular pile body. In addition, according to the utility model, conical part connecting height difference is adopted between the pile shaft parts and the node parts, so the stripping operation becomes easier when in making the pile. In addition, since the node parts have the effect of increasing the strength, the conveying and construction of the tubular pile are facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the stake of a kind of building foundation, and particularly, the utility model relates to a kind of high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section, and described concrete pipe pile with section has the support force that is better than straight stake.
Background technology
Prefabricated concrete pipe pile comprises prestressed concrete pipe pile (code name PC pile tube), prestressed high-strength concrete pile (code name PHC or PRC pile tube) and pre-tensioning system thin-walled prestressed concrete pipe pile (code name PTC pile tube).Prestressed concrete pipe pile has speed of application fast, and quality guarantees, has the pile strength height easily, and (C60～C80), pile setting capability is strong, bearing capacity of single pile height, short construction period, advantage such as cost is low.Prestressed concrete pipe pile has been widely applied in the engineerings such as highrise building, residential houses, public work, Longspan Bridge, speedway, harbour, harbour as a kind of novel engineering foundation pile.
Because the influence of certain factor, the pile tube product also tends to occur the defective and the deficiency of some outward appearances and inherent quality but in process of production.Especially on the pile body vertical bearing capacity.In pile foundation construction, the phenomenon of breaking, interrupt pile tube happens occasionally.Its shortcoming mainly shows as follows.
(1) bearing capacity of single pile does not meet design requirement; (2) pile for prestressed pipe pile quality; (3) pile for prestressed pipe welding quality and joint connectivity problem; (4) pile position deviation is excessive; (5) stake of stake water inlet tube holds severely-weathered soft rock softening; (6) the easy problems of crack of joint portion.
The problems referred to above are relevant with the structure of prestressed concrete pipe pile, employed material and outer shape thereof.
For this reason, the someone has invented the prestressed concrete pipe pile of band joint.For example, publication number discloses a kind of prestressed concrete pipe pile with joint for the special Japan Patent of opening flat 11-048232.Described concrete pipe pile with section ties up on the described pile tube spacing and forms a plurality of joint portion, and the zone forms a stake axial region between each joint portion, and described joint portion diameter is greater than the stake axial region, described concrete pipe pile with section with concrete with each cast one.And be provided with rod iron in the described band joint prestressed concrete pipe pile, thus, improve bearing capacity of single pile.Yet still there are shortcomings such as easy cracking in its joint portion.
The problems referred to above are also relevant with the manufacturing of prestressed concrete pipe pile, maintenance process etc.
For example, concrete raw material mainly contain cement, aggregate, Admixture, water and admixture etc.As admixture: commonly used have flyash, breeze, a levigate quartz sand etc.But cement, aggregate etc. cause cracking because of reasons such as the temperature difference are big.The activity of admixtures such as flyash commonly used, breeze, levigate quartz sand is generally little than cement, and early strength is lower, is difficult to play assisted action.But under the exciting of alkaline medium and sulfate, can increase its activity (secondary hydration reaction), favourable to concrete later strength.
Hydrated reaction of cement is exothermic reaction, reaction condition (temperature and pressure the when acid-base value of medium is reacted etc.) change (even small variation) all can influence the degree of formation He " slaking " of aquation article crystal structure, and concrete strength is produced very big influence.
For this reason, at prestressed concrete pipe pile and in producing, maintenance has the meaning of particular importance.Cement with hydration reaction takes place soon after water mixes.Reaction forms corresponding hydrate from the surface of particle.Hydrate is water-soluble, exposes the surface that makes new advances reaction is proceeded.At first form the semi-permeable rete based on hydrated calcium silicate, be enclosed in cement particle surface, along with the carrying out of reaction, semi-permeable rete enlarges, extends, links, forms the gelinite that is full of space between the cement granules gradually.Gelinite dehydration crystallization under different ambient conditionss, sclerosis and have intensity.
In addition, the fineness of admixtures such as flyash, breeze, levigate quartz sand is with the Unit Weight cartographic represenation of area, respectively at 400-700m
2/ kg, 350-600m
2/ kg and 300-400m
2/ kg etc.When being filled between the cement granules, being difficult to reduce pore-size and reducing permeability.And the calcium hydroxide crystalline size that makes hydration produce is bigger, and orientation is difficult at random.
Again, because the specific area that above-mentioned fineness embodied is less, cause having below aggregate and reinforcing bar bleeding to be assembled, boundary strength reduces, and is unfavorable for further improving concrete strength, density and durability.
Usually, steam press maintenance is that tubular pile concrete obtains high-intensity important means, is the only way that produces PHC or PRC stake.In the saturated vapour of high pressure-temperature, it is very active that the effect of water becomes, the hydrothermal reorganization and maturation that further promotes the hydration reaction and the crystal habit of cement.Under the atmospheric steam curing condition, can not get the vigorous mullite of more high-intensity holder family hydrated product.Under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, may form, and because the HTHP effect can make the interface that gathers materials the weakest in the concrete obtain very big improving.
For concrete pipe pile with section, usually, after normal pressure stream curing, press maintenance through steaming (height) more earlier.Earlier can obtain intensity more than the 80MPa of described band pipe joint stake, but,, and cause its joint portion to ftracture because of the temperature difference because of the variations in temperature of pile tube body in the steam press maintenance stage through normal pressure stream curing.
The inventor finds that nationality can prevent in situations such as steam press maintenance or its after-stage generation joint portion crackings by add silicon ash (powdered silica) in raw material.Simultaneously, the inventor finds, changes the joint cage structure of concrete pipe pile with section, and adds rod iron and reinforcing bar in described concrete pipe pile with section pile body, also can prevent to help the raising of its intensity in situations such as steam press maintenance or its after-stage generation joint portion crackings.
The utility model content
For this reason, the purpose of this utility model is, a kind of high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section is provided, and described concrete pipe pile with section connects difference of height by means of joint portion, thereby makes the striking job when the system stake become easily.In addition, when the haulage of stake and construction, because the existence and the described concrete pipe pile with section pile body of joint portion are embedded with PC rod iron and reinforcing bar, also played the effect of gaining in strength, relend the interpolation that helps the silicon ash, can prevent the generation of the existing picture of joint portion cracking, improve intensity, thereby have excellent support force.
The technical scheme of high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model is as follows.
A kind of high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section, described concrete pipe pile with section ties up on the described pile tube pile body spacing and forms a plurality of circular protrusion joint portion, pile tube pile body between each joint portion forms the stake axial region, described joint portion diameter is greater than the stake axial region, with each cast one, described concrete pipe pile with section pile body is embedded with the PC rod iron to described concrete pipe pile with section with concrete.
According to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, be added with the silicon ash (powdered silica) of the average grain diameter 0.1-0.5 micron of 5-25% in the described high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section concrete, thus, can after atmospheric steam curing, obtain the intensity more than the 80MPa, and not because of variations in temperature, ftracture in its joint portion.
According to above-mentioned fineness, SILICA FUME is that the silicon ash particle can be filled between the cement granules, provides the compaction rate of cement paste from micro-scale, and pore-size is reduced.Simultaneously, can block many intercommunicating pores, reduce permeability significantly.In addition, small silicon ash particle has the crystal seed effect around cement granules, and the vigilant size of the calcium hydroxide that makes hydration produce is littler, and orientation more at random.
According to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, the silicon ash average grain diameter of adding in the described high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section concrete is 0.15 micron.
According to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, the single support force of described concrete pipe pile with section, owing to the increase of joint portion diameter has increased a stake outer circumferential area, thereby its frictional force is increased, increased basal area owing to the most same increase of the diameter of the joint portion of close first end again, thereby its first end support force is increased.
Preferably, according to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, in described concrete pipe pile with section pile body, between embedded PC rod iron, be provided with deformed bar.
Preferably, according to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, between the stake axial region and joint portion of described concrete pipe pile with section, be formed with the tapering.Connect difference of height to reach the purpose that strengthens joint portion by tapering 4a, 4b.
Preferably, according to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, have the interval of the stake axial region of same section at described concrete pipe pile with section pile body, and in each joint portion make conical surface 4a, 4b up and down, again each several part is shaped to one with concrete pouring.
Preferably, according to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, in the described concrete pipe pile with section pile body, the section of described stake axial region and joint portion is garden shape and regular polygon.
Preferably, according to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, embedded PC rod iron is the 6-12 root in described concrete pipe pile with section pile body.
Preferably, according to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, in described concrete pipe pile with section pile body, be provided with deformed bar 2-3 root between embedded every PC rod iron.
Preferably, according to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, described concrete pipe pile with section pile body wall thickness is at 60-80mm.
According to high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model, between stake axial region and joint portion, because by tapering connection difference of height, thereby make the striking job when the system stake become easily.In addition, when the haulage of stake and construction, because the effect of gaining in strength has also been played in the existence of joint portion.
According to the utility model, nationality is by the joint cage structure that changes concrete pipe pile with section, in addition, by tapering connection difference of height,, played the effect of gaining in strength because the existence and the described concrete pipe pile with section pile body of joint portion are embedded with PC rod iron and reinforcing bar, relend the interpolation that helps the silicon ash, can prevent the generation of the existing picture of joint portion cracking, improve intensity, thereby have excellent support force.Thereby make the striking job when the system stake become easily.In addition, when the haulage of stake and construction, because the effect of gaining in strength has also been played in the existence of joint portion.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 a is depicted as section of the present utility model and is circular high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section schematic diagram.
Fig. 1 b is depicted as concrete pipe pile with section sectional view shown in Figure 1.
Figure 2 shows that section of the present utility model is the high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section schematic diagram of regular polygon.
Figure 3 shows that straight stake schematic diagram in the past.
Figure 4 shows that the joint portion enlarged drawing of high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model.
Figure 5 shows that the user mode schematic diagram of high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model.
Among the figure, 1 is concrete pipe pile with section, and 2 is the stake axial region between the two joint portions of concrete pipe pile with section, and 3 is the joint portion of concrete pipe pile with section, and 4a, 4b are taper difference of height portion, and 5a, 5b are the upper and lower end face, and 6 is centre bore.7 is straight stake, and 8 is charges, and 9 is the domain, and 10 is the interface of domain and filler, and 11 is rod iron.
The specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings, described in detail with regard to preferred forms of the present utility model.
The manufacturing of high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section of the present utility model
Raw material
A) cement: preferentially adopt strength grade to be not less than 42.5 portland cement, Portland cement, portland slag cement.Soundness must be qualified and good with used water reducing agent compatibility, and strength of cement mortar must reach requirement and certain surplus capacity is arranged.
B) aggregate (sand, stone): aggregate accounts for 70% of volume of concrete in concrete.It plays skeleton function in concrete, can make concrete have higher volume stability and better durability than independent cement paste.Directly have influence on the workability of concrete mix in the aggregate as stone flour and the higher meeting of shale content, bring adverse effect for centrifugal effect.
Sand: adopting fineness modulus is 2.3～3.4 clean natural medium sands, and level is equipped with II district for well, and mud content≤3.0% be must guard against shell content (can with reference to the light materials index) too much during the sand of use river.
Rubble: particle shape is with approaching circular polyhedron or square best.Maximum particle diameter be not more than 25mm (thin-wall pipe pile particle diameter should not greater than 20mm) and with continuous grading for well.Faller gill shape granule content＜5%, content of stone powder＜3.0%, mud content＜0.5%, compressive strength is greater than more than 1.5 times of cement strength.
Stone flour and shale content height are very big to the concrete tubular pile quality influence in the aggregate.Because the main component of stone flour mostly is the carbonate mineral of quartz and indissoluble, often can form integument at aggregate surface, hinder the bonding of aggregate and cement stone or, increased surface area with the loose granule appearance, increased water requirement.Earth mostly is some stickums to be formed, and volume expansion plays destruction to concrete behind the chance water.
C) Admixture: water-reducing rate＞18%, and strong with the compliance of cement, to the effect of reinforcing bar non-corroding, homogeneity is good.Forbid to use the chloride salt Admixture.
D) water: adopt tap water or clean river, strict control chloride and sulphate content must not use seawater.
E) admixture: levigate quartz sand, silicon ash etc.Be added with the silicon ash (powdered silica) of the average grain diameter 0.1-0.5 micron of 0.1-20% in the described high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section concrete, thus, can after atmospheric steam curing, obtain the intensity more than the 80MPa, and in its joint portion not because of variations in temperature, ftracture.
The dust that silicon ash of the present utility model uses Norway Ai Ken company to produce is agree SILICA FUME (ElkemMicrosilica).It is composed as follows:
SiO
2?92％，Fe
2O
3?0.8％，Al
2O
3?0.3％，CaO?0.4％，MgO?0.3％，Na
2O?0.2％，K
2O?0.9％。Its average grain diameter is at 0.15 micron, and then the fineness represented of the surface area of its Unit Weight is equivalent to 15,000-25,000m
2/ kg.
In the present embodiment, also has reinforcing bar in the raw material.Prestressing force master muscle should adopt steel bar for prestressed concrete, strength standard value 1420MPa, relaxation rate≤2.5%, elongation rate 〉=5%.Spiral stirrup should adopt cold-drawn low-carbon wire (＜b), percentage of total elongation under the maximum, force (L0=200) is not less than 1.5%, number of bends (inferior/180 °) is not less than 4 times.
According to present embodiment, with each cast one, spacing 4-8m forms joint portion to described high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section on the described pile tube with concrete, the girth 138mm of joint portion, the external diameter 440mm of joint portion, stake axial region external diameter 300mm, sectional area 452cm
2, wall thickness 60mm, the PC rod iron that described concrete pipe pile with section pile body is embedded with, its nominal diameter 7.4mm is provided with 6, each root sectional area 2.4cm
2Except with the steel bar for prestressed concrete, abnormity (screw thread) reinforcing bar 11 of 2 diameters less (diameter 4-5mm) is set between rod iron.Certainly, answering it that radical is set decides according to situations such as described pile tube size and use domains.
According to present embodiment, distributing technique is as the employed technology of common pile tube, but notes: because the cloth operation is not careful, tend to make that concrete material is in heaps, the whereabouts of generous amount, cause the reinforcing cage solder joint to come off, main muscle stays, even stirrup falls apart.
The intensity of pile tube is by concrete and the coefficient result of reinforcing bar (comprising stirrup).Easily disconnected muscle during main muscle slump stretch-draw, main muscle directly can not cause the vertical unbalance stress of pile tube surely, and stirrup falls apart, and will lose or reduce radially concrete restraint forces, finally causes pile tube intensity to reduce.
In the present embodiment, the design moment of deflection be, anti-cracking is 7.8t-m, anti-destruction is 12.8t-m, the design shearing force is 10.2t.
Centrifugal molding process, centrifugal speed is fast, and centrifugation time can be lacked.Centrifugal speed is slow, but the centrifugation time proper extension.In brief, (also be certain centrifugal acceleration under) under certain centrifugal rotational speed, the centrifugation time an of the best is arranged.The quality of parameter of noncentricity will be a criterion with centrifugal effect.
Normal pressure is steam-cured
Described normal pressure making condition is to carry out under an atmospheric pressure and 65-85 ℃ of temperature.Be preferably, under 80 ℃ and an atmospheric pressure, carry out.
Normal pressure is steam-cured to be divided into 4 stages: quietly stop, intensification, constant temperature, cooling.Quiet stopping and intensification comparatively slowly grows integrality to concrete and be beneficial to, and can avoid or reduce the concrete microdefect, and be favourable to final strength.
On the basis of embodiment 1, increase steam press maintenance.
As manufacture method of the present utility model, be can be after ordinary pressure curing, through one steam press maintenance.
After described steam press maintenance is meant the pile tube demoulding, advances autoclave again and carry out steam press maintenance.Steam press maintenance can be given full play to the effect of cement secondary response, under the situation of same cement consumption, can obviously improve concrete strength.
Described steam press maintenance condition is to carry out under 165-185 ℃ and 10-13 atmospheric pressure.Be preferably, under 180 ℃ and 12 atmospheric pressure, carry out.
Steam press maintenance is that tubular pile concrete obtains high-intensity important means, is to produce PHC stake only way.In the saturated vapour of high pressure-temperature, it is very active that the effect of water becomes, the hydrothermal reorganization and maturation that further promotes the hydration reaction and the crystal habit of cement.Under the atmospheric steam curing condition, can not get the vigorous mullite of more high-intensity holder family hydrated product.Under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, may form, and because the HTHP effect can make the interface that gathers materials the weakest in the concrete obtain very big improving.
Except the average grain diameter of silicon ash at 0.25 micron, spacing 8-12m forms joint portion on the described pile tube, the girth 157mm of joint portion, the external diameter 500mm of joint portion, stake axial region external diameter 400mm, sectional area 684cm
2, wall thickness 75mm, the PC rod iron that described concrete pipe pile with section pile body is embedded with, its nominal diameter 9.2mm is provided with 8, each root sectional area 5.12cm
2Outside, other are as embodiment 1.
In addition, the tapering 4a of formation up and down, 4b in each joint portion, and be one with the concrete pouring with each one.When centrifugal forming, form centre bore 6, upper surface 5a, lower surface 5b is plane.
Shown in Figure 4 is joint portion enlarged drawing.Between stake axial region 2 and the joint portion 3, it is connected by cone up and down.And the angle of cone can freely be set.
In the present embodiment, the design moment of deflection be, anti-cracking is 8.8t-m, anti-destruction is 15.2t-m, the design shearing force is 15.2t.
Embodiment 4
Except the average grain diameter of silicon ash at 0.20 micron, being laid with diameter in the pile body is 6 rod irons of 9.2mm, is not provided with outside the less reinforcing bar of diameter between per two rod irons, other are as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Except the average grain diameter of silicon ash at 0.35 micron, spacing 12-15m forms joint portion on the described pile tube, the girth 157mm of joint portion, the external diameter 500mm of joint portion, stake axial region external diameter 400mm, sectional area 684cm
2, wall thickness 110mm, the PC rod iron that described concrete pipe pile with section pile body is embedded with, its nominal diameter 9.2mm is provided with the 10-12 root, each root sectional area 5.12-7.68cm
2Outside, other are as embodiment 1.
For the concrete pipe pile with section with the foregoing description of the present utility model is arranged on the domain 9, use the spiral hole digger identical substantially on domain 9, to dig the hole earlier with joint portion diameter, put into concrete pipe pile with section 1 then.Between the slit of domain 9 and concrete pipe pile with section axial region 2, inject the filler that constitutes by rubble or mortar and cement paste.At this moment filling material 8 can be pushed by stake axial region 3 and form one with concrete pipe pile with section, and therefore the interface of cutting off of pile peripheral friction force also has been displaced on the position at domain 9 and the interface 10 of filling material 8., compare with straight stake shown in Figure 3, the concrete pipe pile with section 1 with same diameter of axle is cut off the increase of boundary face because of it, and makes that pile peripheral friction force obtains to increase for this reason.
For the first end of the pile tube of the foregoing description and since filling material by by the extruding of tip joint portion 3 with the domain, concrete pipe pile with section 1 becomes one with filling material 8.The area that is made of the diameter of joint portion 3 just becomes the basal area of the first end of stake for this reason, and this has increased first end support force than straight stake shown in Figure 3.In addition, if near soil 9 comparatively robusts the first end of stake, the intensity that increases filling material 9 can make the support force of first end obtain increasing.
According to the utility model, nationality is reached between stake axial region and joint portion by the joint cage structure that changes concrete pipe pile with section, because by tapering connection difference of height, thereby make the striking job when the system stake become easily.Because the existence and the described concrete pipe pile with section pile body of joint portion are embedded with PC rod iron and reinforcing bar, also played the effect of gaining in strength again,, relend the interpolation that helps the silicon ash, can prevent the generation of the existing picture of joint portion cracking, improve intensity, thereby have excellent support force.
Claims (7)
1. high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section, described concrete pipe pile with section ties up on the pile tube pile body spacing and forms a plurality of circular protrusion joint portion, pile tube pile body between each joint portion forms the stake axial region, described joint portion diameter is greater than the stake axial region, described concrete pipe pile with section is poured into a mould one with concrete with each one, it is characterized in that described concrete pipe pile with section pile body is embedded with rod iron.
2. high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in described concrete pipe pile with section pile body, between embedded rod iron, is provided with deformed bar.
3. high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, between the stake axial region and joint portion of described concrete pipe pile with section, is formed with the tapering.
4. high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the section of described stake axial region and joint portion is a regular polygon.
5. high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, embedded rod iron is the 6-12 root in described concrete pipe pile with section pile body.
6. high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with deformed bar 2-3 root between embedded every rod iron in described concrete pipe pile with section pile body.
7. high-strength prestressed concrete pipe pile with section as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described concrete pipe pile with section pile body wall thickness is at 60-110mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008200547954U CN201190281Y (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2008-01-17 | High strength prestressed concrete tubular pile with node |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008200547954U CN201190281Y (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2008-01-17 | High strength prestressed concrete tubular pile with node |
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|---|---|
| CN201190281Y true CN201190281Y (en) | 2009-02-04 |
Family
ID=40334439
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| CNU2008200547954U Expired - Lifetime CN201190281Y (en) | 2008-01-17 | 2008-01-17 | High strength prestressed concrete tubular pile with node |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105256834A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2016-01-20 | 刘献刚 | Building structure of underground space |
| CN107326899A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-07 | 宁乡宁华建材有限公司 | A kind of reinforced concrete tubular pile of outer rim |
-
2008
- 2008-01-17 CN CNU2008200547954U patent/CN201190281Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105256834A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2016-01-20 | 刘献刚 | Building structure of underground space |
| CN105256835A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2016-01-20 | 刘献刚 | Building structure of underground space |
| CN105275012A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2016-01-27 | 刘献刚 | Building structure of underground space |
| CN107326899A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-07 | 宁乡宁华建材有限公司 | A kind of reinforced concrete tubular pile of outer rim |
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